Valley
Population 10,294 (2025)
14 tropical storms and hurricanes have passed within 50 miles of Valley since 1851; the strongest at closest approach was Eloise in 1975 (Tropical storm).
Hazard fingerprint Each spoke is this county’s percentile among U.S. counties where that hazard occurs. How it is computed
- Tornado damage paths within 25 miles since 1950106
- Tropical cyclone tracks within 100 miles since 1851, wider where stronger23
- Wildfire burn scars within 25 miles since 19841
At a glance
Tornado paths within 25 miles, tropical cyclone tracks within 100 miles and wildfire perimeters within 25 miles of the city centre. Storm events, flood insurance claims and disaster declarations are for Chambers County. Earthquakes within 50 miles, volcanoes within 100 miles and smoke days are measured from the city centre; river and tide gauges, tsunami and landslide records and the drought index are for Chambers County.
Strongest tornado
EF4
March 3, 2019, 68.0 mile path
Strongest tropical cyclone
TS
Tropical storm Eloise, 1975, 32.9 miles away
Tornadoes
About one tornado a year since 1950, 8 of them rated F3/EF3 or stronger.
Strongest
March 3, 2019
EF4, 68.0 mile path
1,600 yards wide; 23 killed along the whole path.
Most recent
Saturday, May 3, 2025
EF0, 3.8 mile path
Within the past year.
Every recorded tornado
| May 3, 2025 | EF0 | 3.8 | 0 | 0 |
| Mar 15, 2025 | EF0 | 3.8 | 0 | 0 |
| May 27, 2024 | EF1 | 4.3 | 0 | 0 |
| Mar 26, 2023 | EF3 | 21.5 | 5 | 0 |
| Feb 17, 2023 | EF1 | 5.7 | 0 | 0 |
| Jan 12, 2023 | EF2 | 35.8 | 8 | 0 |
| Jan 12, 2023 | EF2 | 20.7 | 0 | 0 |
| Jan 12, 2023 | EF3 | 82.3 | 16 | 7 |
| Jan 3, 2023 | EF0 | 4.4 | 0 | 0 |
| Apr 5, 2022 | EF0 | 0.4 | 0 | 0 |
| Oct 10, 2020 | EF0 | 0.7 | 0 | 0 |
| Apr 12, 2020 | EF0 | 3.8 | 0 | 0 |
| Mar 3, 2019 | EF1 | 7.4 | 0 | 0 |
| Mar 3, 2019 | EF2 | 29.1 | 1 | 0 |
| Mar 3, 2019 | EF4 | 68.0 | 90 | 23 |
| Nov 1, 2018 | EF0 | 2.6 | 0 | 0 |
| Jul 21, 2018 | EF0 | 5.7 | 0 | 0 |
| Apr 5, 2017 | EF1 | 2.0 | 0 | 0 |
| Feb 7, 2017 | EF1 | 2.3 | 0 | 0 |
| Jan 22, 2017 | EF1 | 3.1 | 0 | 0 |
| Jan 22, 2017 | EF0 | 4.8 | 0 | 0 |
| Jan 21, 2017 | EF1 | 10.8 | 0 | 0 |
| Jan 21, 2017 | EF1 | 0.9 | 0 | 0 |
| Jan 21, 2017 | EF0 | 0.1 | 0 | 0 |
| Jan 21, 2017 | EF0 | 0.8 | 0 | 0 |
| Jan 21, 2017 | EF0 | 1.1 | 0 | 0 |
| Jan 21, 2017 | EF0 | 2.4 | 0 | 0 |
| Jan 21, 2017 | EF1 | 5.4 | 0 | 0 |
| Nov 30, 2016 | EF1 | 3.2 | 0 | 0 |
| Apr 6, 2016 | EF0 | 4.7 | 0 | 0 |
| Mar 31, 2016 | EF0 | 2.1 | 0 | 0 |
| Mar 1, 2016 | EF0 | 3.1 | 0 | 0 |
| Feb 15, 2016 | EF0 | 7.1 | 0 | 0 |
| Jun 7, 2014 | EF0 | 1.8 | 0 | 0 |
| Apr 29, 2014 | EF3 | 11.4 | 13 | 0 |
| Apr 28, 2014 | EF2 | 5.7 | 0 | 0 |
| Mar 2, 2012 | EF2 | 34.0 | 4 | 1 |
| Nov 16, 2011 | EF2 | 61.5 | 4 | 0 |
| Apr 27, 2011 | EF2 | 24.5 | 0 | 0 |
| Apr 27, 2011 | EF2 | 6.7 | 6 | 0 |
| Apr 27, 2011 | EF1 | 17.0 | 1 | 0 |
| Apr 27, 2011 | EF1 | 5.0 | 0 | 0 |
| Apr 27, 2011 | EF1 | 5.2 | 0 | 0 |
| Apr 27, 2011 | EF4 | 44.2 | 30 | 7 |
| Apr 15, 2011 | EF0 | 0.4 | 0 | 0 |
| Feb 28, 2011 | EF0 | 1.9 | 0 | 0 |
| May 23, 2009 | EF0 | 1.2 | 0 | 0 |
| Apr 10, 2009 | EF1 | 5.9 | 0 | 0 |
| Apr 10, 2009 | EF1 | 2.2 | 0 | 0 |
| Feb 28, 2009 | EF2 | 8.3 | 3 | 0 |
| Feb 28, 2009 | EF1 | 0.3 | 0 | 0 |
| May 11, 2008 | EF2 | 1.0 | 0 | 0 |
| Mar 1, 2007 | EF2 | 11.7 | 1 | 0 |
| Nov 15, 2006 | F0 | 0.2 | 0 | 0 |
| Aug 29, 2005 | F0 | 0.1 | 0 | 0 |
| Jul 6, 2005 | F0 | 1.2 | 0 | 0 |
| Jul 6, 2005 | F0 | 0.1 | 0 | 0 |
| Jul 6, 2005 | F0 | 0.1 | 0 | 0 |
| Nov 24, 2004 | F0 | 0.2 | 0 | 0 |
| Sep 28, 1998 | F0 | 2.0 | 0 | 0 |
| Jul 22, 1997 | F0 | 0.3 | 0 | 0 |
| Mar 13, 1997 | F0 | 1.0 | 0 | 0 |
| Mar 13, 1997 | F1 | 9.3 | 1 | 0 |
| Mar 6, 1996 | F0 | 0.1 | 0 | 0 |
| Apr 11, 1995 | F0 | 1.5 | 0 | 0 |
| Mar 24, 1994 | F1 | 21.0 | 5 | 0 |
| Mar 24, 1994 | F1 | 1.5 | 5 | 0 |
| Mar 24, 1994 | F1 | 12.0 | 0 | 0 |
| May 3, 1993 | F0 | 0.1 | 0 | 0 |
| Mar 29, 1991 | F2 | 2.0 | 16 | 0 |
| Nov 15, 1989 | F0 | 0.3 | 0 | 0 |
| Mar 5, 1989 | F1 | 1.9 | 0 | 0 |
| Mar 5, 1989 | F2 | 45.5 | 6 | 1 |
| Jun 30, 1985 | F1 | 0.5 | 0 | 0 |
| May 3, 1984 | F2 | 0.4 | 1 | 0 |
| Apr 22, 1984 | F1 | 2.0 | 0 | 0 |
| Apr 22, 1984 | F1 | 10.0 | 0 | 0 |
| Nov 20, 1983 | F1 | 1.0 | 2 | 0 |
| Apr 26, 1982 | F0 | 0.2 | 0 | 0 |
| May 25, 1980 | F0 | 0.2 | 0 | 0 |
| Apr 13, 1980 | F1 | 50.7 | 4 | 0 |
| Apr 13, 1980 | F2 | 11.3 | 13 | 0 |
| Sep 13, 1979 | F1 | 0.1 | 0 | 0 |
| Jun 8, 1978 | F1 | 1.5 | 0 | 0 |
| Jun 8, 1978 | F1 | 2.0 | 2 | 0 |
| May 1, 1978 | F2 | 13.2 | 7 | 0 |
| Jan 10, 1975 | F2 | 0.1 | 0 | 0 |
| Apr 2, 1974 | F2 | 0.1 | 0 | 0 |
| Nov 21, 1973 | F1 | 0.1 | 0 | 0 |
| Jan 10, 1972 | F2 | 4.5 | 0 | 0 |
| May 12, 1971 | F1 | 1.0 | 0 | 0 |
| Feb 26, 1971 | F1 | 7.3 | 0 | 0 |
| Feb 26, 1971 | F1 | 0.5 | 0 | 0 |
| Apr 19, 1970 | F2 | 0.5 | 1 | 0 |
| Mar 20, 1970 | F2 | 2.0 | 1 | 0 |
| Mar 19, 1970 | F3 | 2.0 | 14 | 2 |
| Apr 23, 1967 | F1 | 20.8 | 0 | 0 |
| Dec 26, 1964 | F2 | 0.1 | 0 | 0 |
| Apr 30, 1963 | F2 | 11.7 | 0 | 0 |
| Mar 12, 1963 | F1 | 9.1 | 0 | 0 |
| May 9, 1961 | F2 | 0.8 | 0 | 0 |
| Aug 15, 1957 | F1 | 0.1 | 0 | 0 |
| Dec 23, 1956 | F1 | 45.3 | 1 | 0 |
| Dec 5, 1954 | F3 | 51.0 | 7 | 0 |
| Apr 18, 1953 | F3 | 39.8 | 495 | 8 |
| Jan 20, 1953 | F1 | 0.4 | 1 | 0 |
- Injuries and deaths are for the tornado’s whole path, which may extend beyond this area.
- Weak tornadoes were under-recorded before Doppler radar coverage became national in the early 1990s, so earlier decades read low. Ratings use the Fujita scale before February 2007 and the Enhanced Fujita scale after.
Storm Prediction Center severe weather database, 1950 to 2025.
Hurricanes and tropical storms
14 passed within 50 miles since 1851; none at hurricane strength.
Strongest within 50 miles
September 23, 1975
Eloise, Tropical storm
32.9 miles at closest approach, winds near 69 mph.
Most recent
October 29, 2020
Zeta, Tropical storm
81.9 miles at closest approach.
Every storm within 100 miles
| Zeta | 2020 | 81.9 | Tropical storm |
| Michael | 2018 | 88.8 | Category 1 |
| Opal | 1995 | 64.9 | Tropical storm |
| Juan | 1985 | 94.3 | Tropical storm |
| Eloise | 1975 | 32.9 | Tropical storm |
| Unnamed | 1965 | 63.9 | Tropical storm |
| Unnamed | 1932 | 92.3 | Post-tropical |
| Unnamed | 1917 | 77.3 | Tropical storm |
| Unnamed | 1915 | 9.8 | Tropical storm |
| Unnamed | 1912 | 30.9 | Tropical storm |
| Unnamed | 1907 | 41.7 | Post-tropical |
| Unnamed | 1906 | 30.1 | Tropical storm |
| Unnamed | 1903 | 13.8 | Tropical storm |
| Unnamed | 1902 | 21.4 | Post-tropical |
| Unnamed | 1901 | 71.9 | Post-tropical |
| Unnamed | 1901 | 69.6 | Tropical storm |
| Unnamed | 1898 | 34.4 | Tropical storm |
| Unnamed | 1898 | 5.0 | Tropical storm |
| Unnamed | 1896 | 56.0 | Tropical storm |
| Unnamed | 1893 | 3.1 | Tropical storm |
| Unnamed | 1889 | 46.2 | Tropical storm |
| Unnamed | 1887 | 9.2 | Tropical storm |
| Unnamed | 1882 | 41.9 | Tropical storm |
| Unnamed | 1881 | 39.8 | Tropical storm |
| Unnamed | 1860 | 93.9 | Tropical storm |
| Unnamed | 1859 | 8.0 | Tropical storm |
| Unnamed | 1852 | 9.9 | Tropical storm |
- Tropical storms and hurricanes (34 kt or more, still tropical) at closest approach. Post-tropical remnants with gale-force winds are listed but not counted. Direct: track within 50 miles; near: within 100 miles. Distance is measured to the county boundary for counties and to the city centre for cities, using positions interpolated hourly between HURDAT2 fixes.
National Hurricane Center HURDAT2, 1851 to 2025.
Wildfire and smoke
1 large fire burned within 25 miles since 1984.
Largest
April 19, 2021
Co Rd 87 Lanett Fire, 504 acres
7.5 miles from the city centre.
Most recent
April 19, 2021
Co Rd 87 Lanett Fire
504 acres in total.
Every large fire
| Co Rd 87 Lanett | 2021 | 7.5 | 504 |
- Large fires mapped by the Monitoring Trends in Burn Severity program since 1984: 1,000 acres or more in the West, 500 or more in the East. Prescribed burns are excluded. Acres here are the part of each perimeter inside this place.
Monitoring Trends in Burn Severity (USGS and U.S. Forest Service), 1984 to 2026.
Smoke overhead
Smokiest year
2023: 45 days
Heavy smoke on 3 days in 2025, the most of any year.
Last 10 years
10.9 days a year
Medium or heavy smoke, 2016 to 2025.
2025
9 days
Medium or heavy smoke. 34 so far in 2026.
- A smoke day is a date on which a smoke plume traced by NOAA Hazard Mapping System analysts from satellite imagery covered this place's point (the county's population centre or the city centre). Counts here are of medium or heavy smoke. Since 2018 analysts have often drawn light smoke as one area over most of the continent, so light-smoke counts are not comparable from year to year. The plumes show smoke anywhere in the air above, not air quality at the ground, and smoke hidden by cloud is missed.
NOAA Hazard Mapping System smoke analysis, 2011 to 2026, retrieved October 30, 2026.
Floods and flood insurance
24 federal flood insurance claims since 2003, with $921,000 paid.
Flood insurance figures are for Chambers County, the county that contains Valley.
Most claims in one year
2003: 9 claims
$651,000 paid.
Claims by ZIP code
| 36863 | 14 | $498,000 |
| 36854 | 8 | $376,000 |
Flood events since 1996
- Flash Flood20
- Flood3
This product uses the Federal Emergency Management Agency's OpenFEMA API, but is not endorsed by FEMA. The Federal Government or FEMA cannot vouch for the data or analyses derived from these data after the data have been retrieved from the Agency's website(s).
OpenFEMA NFIP Redacted Claims v3, refreshed August 4, 2026. NOAA Storm Events through 2026.
Drought
In severe drought or worse for 144 of 1,581 months since 1895 (9%); the longest spell lasted 17 months.
The drought index is for Chambers County, the county that contains Valley.
144
Months in severe drought or worse since 1895
43
Months in extreme drought
9%
Share of all months, severe or worse
69
Drought reports to the Weather Service since 1996
Lowest reading
June 1898
−5.35, extreme drought
Longest severe spell
17 months
March 2007 to July 2008.
Latest month
September 2026
−1.78, mild drought
Last severe month: April 2026.
- The Palmer Drought Severity Index is computed by NOAA each month from the county's average temperature and precipitation, relative to the county's own climate. Zero is normal; -3 or lower is severe drought and -4 or lower extreme drought. It describes the long-term balance of moisture, not water supply or crop losses.
NOAA NCEI nClimDiv county Palmer Drought Severity Index, 1895 to September 2026, issued October 6, 2026.
Earthquakes
3 earthquakes of magnitude 2.5 or more within 50 miles since 1982; none reached magnitude 4.
1
Magnitude 3+ within 50 miles since 1973
0
Magnitude 4+ within 50 miles since 1900
0
Magnitude 5+ within 50 miles since 1900
Largest within 50 miles
October 30, 1982
Magnitude 3.1
12 km S of Hamilton, Georgia; 20.2 miles away, 0.0 miles deep.
Most recent, magnitude 3 or more
October 30, 1982
Magnitude 3.1
12 km S of Hamilton, Georgia; 20.2 miles away.
- Earthquakes of magnitude 2.5 or more in the USGS Comprehensive Catalog since 1900. Within 50 miles means the epicentre lies within 50 miles of the city centre.
- Small earthquakes were under-recorded before the modern seismic networks of the 1970s and are still missed in remote areas, so early decades read low. Magnitudes are as the catalogue reports them and mix scales (moment, local and body-wave).
USGS ANSS Comprehensive Earthquake Catalog, 1900 to present, retrieved October 30, 2026.
Severe weather and other events
376 events in the National Weather Service record for Chambers County, 316 of them since 1996.
52
Hail reports, 1 inch or larger
4
Hail, 2 inches or larger
93
Damaging gusts, 58 mph+
16
Winter weather events since 1996
6
Heat events since 1996
6
Cold events since 1996
Largest hail
April 19, 2006
2.75 inches
Strongest measured or estimated gust
March 26, 2023
75 mph
More event types since 1996
| Lightning | 1 | 0 |
Costliest events since 1996
- May 7, 2003Flood, Chambers$2.5 million
National Weather Service narrative
Heavy rains forced the Chattahoochee River to flood eastern sections of Chambers County including some sections of Lanett. Chamber County Emergency Management Agency reported that 900 industry, businesses, and homes were affected. Two houses were destroyed and 32 suffered major damage. Two mobile homes were destroyed. Thirty-one businesses suffered major damage while eight sustained minor damage. Nearly $900,000 damage was done to government infrastructure.The Chattahoochee River crested at 23.2 feet at 11 am CDT on May 9 at the West Point, GA, river gauge. Flood stage is 19 feet.
- Apr 27, 2011Tornado$2.0 million
National Weather Service narrative
A tornado touched down in central Elmore County, north of Wetumpka, and moved northeast through central Tallapoosa County and crossed into western Chambers County, west of Sikes, south of CR 48. The tornado tracked northeastward with winds of 150 mph, an EF3. One home was destroyed along CR 54. It gradually weakened and lifted northeast of the intersection of CR 51 and CR 66, 7 miles west northwest of Lafayette.
- Sep 16, 2004High Wind, Chambers$340,000
National Weather Service narrative
Numerous trees and power lines were blown down across the county. Maximum wind gusts were estimated around 60 miles an hour within one of Ivan's outer rainbands. At least 8000 customers were without power during the storm. J.P. Powell Middle School had part of its roof blown off.Doppler radar and ground observations indicate 3 to 5 inches of rain fell in association with Ivan. A few roadways became temporarily impassable due to high water.
- Jun 18, 2023Lightning$100,000
National Weather Service narrative
Lightning caused a house fire on County Road 79. The home was a total loss.
- Aug 20, 2002Thunderstorm Wind$75,000
National Weather Service narrative
Numerous trees were knocked down in and around Fredonia. Several lake front homes at Southern Harbor sustained varying damage from the wind and falling trees. Dock A was totally destroyed and 20 boats were damaged.
- Jan 28, 2005Ice Storm, Chambers$75,000
National Weather Service narrative
Strong Cold Air Damming along the Southern Appalachians provided a continuous source of surface cold and dry air from the east. This colder air, in combination with an approaching storm system with abundant gulf moisture, changed the rain to freezing rain across a large part of eastern Alabama. One man was slightly injured when the vehicle he was driving slid off the road near Mt. Cheaha in Cleburne County. At least 15 additional vehicles slid off the roadways under the icy conditions. Exposed surfaces had ice accumulation to at least one half of an inch with a few locations reporting ice accumulations of around one inch. Numerous trees, tree limbs, and power lines were knocked…
- Mar 3, 1999Thunderstorm Wind$65,000
National Weather Service narrative
Numerous trees and power lines were knocked down sporadically in locations across the entire county. Trees were reported down on US 431, SR 77, and CR 147. One mobile home was overturned in Lanett. In Huguley, a few homes and storage buildings were damaged by falling trees and one mobile home was overturned.
- Nov 24, 2004Thunderstorm Wind$65,000
National Weather Service narrative
Several trees were blown down or snapped off near the intersection of CR 236 and CR 237. One roof was peeled off a building. Several other homes suffered minor damage.
- Nov 15, 2006Tornado$50,000
National Weather Service narrative
The tornado briefly touched down about three-quarters of a mile north of Lafayette. Numerous large trees were knocked onto a home at the intersection of US 431 and State Highway 77. Several sheds were destroyed and a large trailer was blown over.
- Jan 28, 2000Ice Storm, Chambers$50,000
National Weather Service narrative
Very light precipitation started falling early in the morning of the 28th. The precipitation was initially a mix of rain, sleet, and snow. Little to no accumulation of snow occurred across the area. As the day progressed, the precipitation changed to light freezing rain and lasted until the afternoon of the 29th. Significant accumulation of ice occurred on trees and bridges mainly in the higher elevations. Most of this same area was hit very hard by an ice storm on the 22nd and 23th and had not recovered yet. Numerous trees and power lines went down across the area and several homes and automobiles were damaged by the falling trees. Many roads were impassable and closed. A young…
- Storm Events records before 1996 cover only tornadoes, thunderstorm wind and hail. Damage figures are as reported by the National Weather Service at the time, not adjusted for inflation.
NOAA NCEI Storm Events Database, 1950 to 2026, issued October 26, 2026.
Weather records
From Columbus Metro Airport, 24.5 miles from the city centre, with records from 1948.
- All-time high
- 106°FJun 30, 2012
- All-time low
- −2°FJan 21, 1985
- Warmest night
- 82°FAug 2, 1999
- Coldest day
- 23°FJan 21, 1985
- Wettest day
- 5.92 inApr 19, 2020
- Snowiest day
- 11.0 inFeb 9, 1973
- Hottest year
- 2019mean 68.6°F
- Coldest year
- 1968mean 62.8°F
- Wettest year
- 200980.20 in
- Driest year
- 199926.39 in
- Snowiest season
- 14.0 in1972-73
Median first snow
January 25
Earliest: December 18, 1996
Median last snow
January 25
Latest: March 13, 1993
43 of 53 winters had no measurable snow.
Station Columbus Metro Airport (USW00093842), 394 ft elevation, 24.5 miles from the city centre. Daily records from 1948 to October 26, 2026; 99.9% of days in the last 30 years are complete. Records at a single station can differ from a city’s official threaded record, which may combine several stations.
NOAA NCEI Global Historical Climatology Network Daily.
Federal disaster declarations
23 since 1953. The most recent: Hurricane Helene, September 26, 2024.
Declarations for Chambers County.
| Sep 26, 2024 | Hurricane | EM-3618-AL |
| May 5, 2023 | Severe Storm | DR-4710-AL |
| Jan 15, 2023 | Severe Storm | DR-4684-AL |
| Sep 14, 2020 | Hurricane | EM-3545-AL |
| May 21, 2020 | Severe Storm | DR-4546-AL |
| Mar 29, 2020 | Biological | DR-4503-AL |
| Mar 13, 2020 | Biological | EM-3472-AL |
| Sep 11, 2017 | Hurricane | EM-3389-AL |
| Jan 21, 2016 | Severe Storm | DR-4251-AL |
| Apr 28, 2011 | Severe Storm | DR-1971-AL |
| Apr 27, 2011 | Severe Storm | EM-3319-AL |
| Aug 30, 2008 | Hurricane | EM-3292-AL |
| Sep 10, 2005 | Hurricane | EM-3237-AL |
| Jul 10, 2005 | Hurricane | DR-1593-AL |
| Sep 15, 2004 | Hurricane | DR-1549-AL |
| May 12, 2003 | Severe Storm | DR-1466-AL |
| Oct 4, 1995 | Hurricane | DR-1070-AL |
| Mar 15, 1993 | Snowstorm | EM-3096-AL |
| Mar 21, 1990 | Severe Storm | DR-861-AL |
| Apr 18, 1979 | Flood | DR-578-AL |
| Jul 20, 1977 | Drought | EM-3045-AL |
| Oct 2, 1975 | Severe Storm | DR-488-AL |
| Apr 9, 1970 | Severe Storm | DR-285-AL |
This product uses the Federal Emergency Management Agency's OpenFEMA API, but is not endorsed by FEMA. The Federal Government or FEMA cannot vouch for the data or analyses derived from these data after the data have been retrieved from the Agency's website(s).
OpenFEMA Disaster Declarations Summaries, retrieved October 30, 2026. Statewide declarations are not listed.
Sources and vintage
Every number on this page comes from these public records.
- Tornadoes NOAA Storm Prediction Center severe weather database, through 2025.
- Tropical cyclones NOAA National Hurricane Center HURDAT2 (Atlantic; Northeast and Central Pacific), through 2025.
- Wildfire USGS/USFS Monitoring Trends in Burn Severity, through 2026.
- Storm events NOAA NCEI Storm Events Database, through 2026.
- Flood insurance OpenFEMA NFIP Redacted Claims v3, refreshed August 4, 2026.
- Declarations OpenFEMA Disaster Declarations Summaries v2, retrieved October 30, 2026.
- Weather records NOAA NCEI Global Historical Climatology Network Daily, station USW00093842.
- River crests NOAA National Weather Service, National Water Prediction Service river gauges, retrieved October 30, 2026.
- Drought NOAA NCEI nClimDiv county Palmer Drought Severity Index, through September 2026.
- Smoke NOAA NESDIS Hazard Mapping System smoke analysis, retrieved October 30, 2026.
- Earthquakes USGS ANSS Comprehensive Earthquake Catalog (ComCat), retrieved October 30, 2026.
Joins, thresholds and known limits are set out in the methodology. Found an error? Report it. Page built October 30, 2026.