Hot Springs
Population 37,979 (2025)
101 tornadoes have tracked within 25 miles of Hot Springs since 1950, 11 of them rated EF3 or F3 or stronger; the most recent was on October 18, 2025.
Hazard fingerprint Each spoke is this county’s percentile among U.S. counties where that hazard occurs. How it is computed
- Tornado damage paths within 25 miles since 1950101
- Tropical cyclone tracks within 100 miles since 1851, wider where stronger8
- Wildfire burn scars within 25 miles since 198410
- Major flood years since 1978, Garland County3
At a glance
Tornado paths within 25 miles, tropical cyclone tracks within 100 miles and wildfire perimeters within 25 miles of the city centre. Storm events, flood insurance claims and disaster declarations are for Garland County. Earthquakes within 50 miles, volcanoes within 100 miles and smoke days are measured from the city centre; river and tide gauges, tsunami and landslide records and the drought index are for Garland County.
Strongest tornado
F4
March 1, 1997, 27.0 mile path
Strongest tropical cyclone
TS
Tropical storm (unnamed), 1865, 33.9 miles away
Tornadoes
About one tornado a year since 1950, 11 of them rated F3/EF3 or stronger.
Strongest
March 1, 1997
F4, 27.0 mile path
1,053 yards wide; 6 killed along the whole path.
Most recent
Saturday, October 18, 2025
EF1, 0.8 mile path
Within the past year.
Every recorded tornado
| Oct 18, 2025 | EF1 | 0.8 | 0 | 0 |
| May 20, 2025 | EF1 | 3.8 | 0 | 0 |
| Apr 20, 2025 | EF1 | 7.7 | 0 | 0 |
| Mar 14, 2025 | EF1 | 22.1 | 0 | 0 |
| May 7, 2024 | EF2 | 12.2 | 0 | 0 |
| Mar 14, 2024 | EF2 | 8.5 | 0 | 0 |
| Jan 2, 2023 | EF1 | 2.1 | 2 | 0 |
| Nov 4, 2022 | EF1 | 0.4 | 0 | 0 |
| May 21, 2022 | EFU | 0.1 | 0 | 0 |
| Mar 24, 2017 | EF1 | 1.9 | 0 | 0 |
| Mar 24, 2017 | EF2 | 1.1 | 0 | 0 |
| Mar 24, 2017 | EF0 | 0.1 | 0 | 0 |
| Mar 24, 2017 | EF0 | 0.2 | 0 | 0 |
| Mar 13, 2016 | EF1 | 1.7 | 0 | 0 |
| May 30, 2013 | EF1 | 1.7 | 0 | 0 |
| May 30, 2013 | EF1 | 7.2 | 0 | 0 |
| May 30, 2013 | EF1 | 8.7 | 0 | 0 |
| May 30, 2013 | EF2 | 9.0 | 5 | 0 |
| May 20, 2011 | EF0 | 3.1 | 0 | 0 |
| Apr 25, 2011 | EF3 | 16.8 | 20 | 1 |
| Apr 25, 2011 | EF2 | 14.4 | 10 | 0 |
| Apr 25, 2011 | EF2 | 5.9 | 9 | 0 |
| Apr 25, 2011 | EF1 | 11.6 | 0 | 0 |
| Apr 25, 2011 | EF1 | 9.3 | 0 | 0 |
| Apr 15, 2011 | EF1 | 3.0 | 0 | 0 |
| Apr 15, 2011 | EF1 | 7.3 | 0 | 0 |
| Feb 24, 2011 | EF1 | 11.1 | 0 | 0 |
| Mar 10, 2010 | EF1 | 6.1 | 0 | 0 |
| Sep 13, 2008 | EF1 | 2.0 | 0 | 0 |
| Sep 13, 2008 | EF1 | 2.4 | 0 | 0 |
| Sep 13, 2008 | EF1 | 8.6 | 0 | 0 |
| Apr 3, 2008 | EF1 | 1.1 | 0 | 0 |
| Apr 3, 2008 | EF1 | 4.2 | 0 | 0 |
| Apr 3, 2008 | EF1 | 8.1 | 1 | 0 |
| Nov 27, 2005 | F3 | 19.0 | 0 | 0 |
| Nov 27, 2005 | F1 | 6.1 | 0 | 0 |
| Nov 27, 2005 | F1 | 2.1 | 0 | 0 |
| Nov 27, 2005 | F2 | 13.8 | 1 | 0 |
| Nov 27, 2005 | F2 | 4.2 | 0 | 0 |
| Nov 27, 2005 | F1 | 1.2 | 0 | 0 |
| Nov 27, 2005 | F1 | 3.5 | 0 | 0 |
| Nov 27, 2005 | F1 | 4.5 | 0 | 0 |
| Oct 18, 2004 | F1 | 2.0 | 0 | 0 |
| Apr 9, 2004 | F1 | 10.8 | 0 | 0 |
| May 16, 2003 | F0 | 3.5 | 0 | 0 |
| Dec 18, 2002 | F0 | 0.5 | 0 | 0 |
| Dec 18, 2002 | F0 | 0.1 | 0 | 0 |
| May 17, 2002 | F1 | 1.0 | 2 | 0 |
| Dec 7, 2001 | F0 | 0.3 | 0 | 0 |
| Feb 18, 2000 | F1 | 7.8 | 9 | 0 |
| Dec 4, 1999 | F1 | 4.3 | 0 | 0 |
| Mar 5, 1999 | F2 | 23.0 | 0 | 0 |
| Mar 5, 1999 | F3 | 13.0 | 0 | 0 |
| Jan 21, 1999 | F3 | 11.0 | 0 | 0 |
| Jan 21, 1999 | F1 | 4.0 | 0 | 0 |
| Jan 21, 1999 | F1 | 2.0 | 0 | 0 |
| May 6, 1998 | F1 | 3.0 | 0 | 0 |
| Apr 26, 1998 | F1 | 16.5 | 0 | 0 |
| Mar 1, 1997 | F4 | 24.0 | 11 | 0 |
| Mar 1, 1997 | F4 | 27.0 | 100 | 6 |
| Sep 26, 1996 | F2 | 2.0 | 0 | 0 |
| Sep 26, 1996 | F2 | 9.0 | 15 | 0 |
| Mar 5, 1996 | F1 | 8.0 | 0 | 0 |
| Nov 13, 1993 | F2 | 1.0 | 0 | 0 |
| Nov 15, 1988 | F2 | 27.0 | 4 | 0 |
| May 14, 1983 | F1 | 13.0 | 0 | 0 |
| Apr 1, 1983 | F1 | 13.0 | 0 | 0 |
| Dec 24, 1982 | F2 | 7.0 | 0 | 0 |
| Dec 23, 1982 | F1 | 11.0 | 0 | 0 |
| Dec 23, 1982 | F2 | 4.0 | 0 | 0 |
| Dec 2, 1982 | F1 | 6.0 | 1 | 0 |
| Apr 25, 1982 | F3 | 9.0 | 0 | 0 |
| Apr 25, 1982 | F1 | 0.1 | 0 | 0 |
| Apr 2, 1982 | F0 | 0.1 | 0 | 0 |
| Jan 22, 1982 | F2 | 2.5 | 1 | 0 |
| May 13, 1981 | F1 | 0.1 | 0 | 0 |
| May 3, 1979 | F0 | 0.2 | 0 | 0 |
| Apr 22, 1978 | F0 | 0.1 | 0 | 0 |
| Mar 11, 1977 | F0 | 2.0 | 0 | 0 |
| May 12, 1976 | F1 | 0.3 | 0 | 0 |
| Mar 29, 1976 | F1 | 7.9 | 0 | 0 |
| Jul 7, 1975 | F1 | 0.3 | 0 | 0 |
| Nov 24, 1973 | F2 | 5.4 | 0 | 0 |
| Sep 1, 1973 | F0 | 0.5 | 0 | 0 |
| Apr 19, 1973 | F1 | 0.1 | 0 | 0 |
| Jan 3, 1971 | F2 | 10.3 | 10 | 0 |
| May 1, 1967 | F1 | 0.1 | 0 | 0 |
| Mar 5, 1967 | F3 | 4.3 | 6 | 0 |
| Mar 17, 1965 | F2 | 1.0 | 0 | 0 |
| May 5, 1961 | F2 | 2.0 | 6 | 0 |
| Mar 12, 1961 | F1 | 2.0 | 0 | 0 |
| Jun 26, 1960 | F1 | 1.5 | 0 | 0 |
| Mar 14, 1959 | F2 | 11.9 | 7 | 1 |
| Nov 17, 1958 | F2 | 8.6 | 0 | 0 |
| May 25, 1957 | F0 | 0.1 | 0 | 0 |
| May 25, 1957 | F0 | 0.1 | 0 | 0 |
| May 13, 1957 | F3 | 14.7 | 0 | 0 |
| Jan 22, 1957 | F2 | 3.4 | 0 | 0 |
| May 26, 1955 | F3 | 28.8 | 3 | 0 |
| Mar 21, 1952 | F3 | 17.7 | 0 | 0 |
| Mar 26, 1950 | F2 | 17.4 | 3 | 0 |
- Injuries and deaths are for the tornado’s whole path, which may extend beyond this area.
- Weak tornadoes were under-recorded before Doppler radar coverage became national in the early 1990s, so earlier decades read low. Ratings use the Fujita scale before February 2007 and the Enhanced Fujita scale after.
Storm Prediction Center severe weather database, 1950 to 2025.
Hurricanes and tropical storms
4 passed within 50 miles since 1851; none at hurricane strength.
Strongest within 50 miles
September 14, 1865
Unnamed storm, Tropical storm
33.9 miles at closest approach, winds near 46 mph.
Most recent
August 28, 2020
Laura, Tropical storm
32.0 miles at closest approach.
Every storm within 100 miles
- Tropical storms and hurricanes (34 kt or more, still tropical) at closest approach. Post-tropical remnants with gale-force winds are listed but not counted. Direct: track within 50 miles; near: within 100 miles. Distance is measured to the county boundary for counties and to the city centre for cities, using positions interpolated hourly between HURDAT2 fixes.
National Hurricane Center HURDAT2, 1851 to 2025.
Wildfire and smoke
10 large fires burned within 25 miles since 1984.
Largest
April 6, 2006
Flatside Fire, 5,248 acres
22.5 miles from the city centre.
Most recent
September 4, 2023
Trail 45 Fire
615 acres in total.
Every large fire
| Trail 45 | 2023 | 24.2 | 615 |
| Forked | 2017 | 24.6 | 951 |
| Frost Bite | 2014 | 12.4 | 1,651 |
| Howard Mt. | 2011 | 17.5 | 593 |
| Flatside | 2006 | 22.5 | 5,248 |
| Unnamed | 2003 | 17.7 | 2,124 |
| Unnamed | 2003 | 23.3 | 1,799 |
| Unnamed | 2003 | 17.8 | 3,198 |
| Unnamed | 2003 | 21.4 | 1,176 |
| Unnamed | 2003 | 20.1 | 3,993 |
- Large fires mapped by the Monitoring Trends in Burn Severity program since 1984: 1,000 acres or more in the West, 500 or more in the East. Prescribed burns are excluded. Acres here are the part of each perimeter inside this place.
Monitoring Trends in Burn Severity (USGS and U.S. Forest Service), 1984 to 2026.
Smoke overhead
Smokiest year
2023: 53 days
Heavy smoke on 7 days in 2021, the most of any year.
Last 10 years
16.5 days a year
Medium or heavy smoke, 2016 to 2025.
2025
10 days
Medium or heavy smoke. 33 so far in 2026.
- A smoke day is a date on which a smoke plume traced by NOAA Hazard Mapping System analysts from satellite imagery covered this place's point (the county's population centre or the city centre). Counts here are of medium or heavy smoke. Since 2018 analysts have often drawn light smoke as one area over most of the continent, so light-smoke counts are not comparable from year to year. The plumes show smoke anywhere in the air above, not air quality at the ground, and smoke hidden by cloud is missed.
NOAA Hazard Mapping System smoke analysis, 2011 to 2026, retrieved October 30, 2026.
Floods and flood insurance
271 federal flood insurance claims since 1978, with $4.3 million paid.
Flood insurance figures are for Garland County, the county that contains Hot Springs.
Most claims in one year
2008: 35 claims
$1.5 million paid.
2nd most
1990: 33 claims
$496,000 paid.
3rd most
1978: 28 claims
$117,000 paid.
Claims by ZIP code
| 71901 | 155 | $2.8 million |
| 71913 | 82 | $845,000 |
| 71909 | 11 | $420,000 |
| 71968 | 9 | $133,000 |
| 71949 | 6 | $153,000 |
Flood events since 1996
- Flash Flood71
- Heavy Rain15
- Flood7
This product uses the Federal Emergency Management Agency's OpenFEMA API, but is not endorsed by FEMA. The Federal Government or FEMA cannot vouch for the data or analyses derived from these data after the data have been retrieved from the Agency's website(s).
OpenFEMA NFIP Redacted Claims v3, refreshed August 4, 2026. NOAA Storm Events through 2026.
Drought
In severe drought or worse for 84 of 1,581 months since 1895 (5%); the longest spell lasted 9 months.
The drought index is for Garland County, the county that contains Hot Springs.
84
Months in severe drought or worse since 1895
13
Months in extreme drought
5%
Share of all months, severe or worse
21
Drought reports to the Weather Service since 1996
Lowest reading
September 1954
−5.08, extreme drought
Longest severe spell
9 months
June 1954 to February 1955.
Latest month
September 2026
−4.25, extreme drought
- The Palmer Drought Severity Index is computed by NOAA each month from the county's average temperature and precipitation, relative to the county's own climate. Zero is normal; -3 or lower is severe drought and -4 or lower extreme drought. It describes the long-term balance of moisture, not water supply or crop losses.
NOAA NCEI nClimDiv county Palmer Drought Severity Index, 1895 to September 2026, issued October 6, 2026.
Earthquakes
1 earthquake of magnitude 4 or more within 50 miles since 1900; the largest was magnitude 4.3 in 1969.
7
Magnitude 3+ within 50 miles since 1973
1
Magnitude 4+ within 50 miles since 1900
0
Magnitude 5+ within 50 miles since 1900
Largest within 50 miles
January 1, 1969
Magnitude 4.3
4 km S of Houston, Arkansas; 40.3 miles away, 4.3 miles deep.
Most recent, magnitude 3 or more
August 3, 2001
Magnitude 3.2
16 km SW of Lake Hamilton, Arkansas; 15.2 miles away.
Every earthquake of magnitude 4 or more within 50 miles
| Jan 1, 1969 | 4.3 | 40.3 |
- Earthquakes of magnitude 2.5 or more in the USGS Comprehensive Catalog since 1900. Within 50 miles means the epicentre lies within 50 miles of the city centre.
- Small earthquakes were under-recorded before the modern seismic networks of the 1970s and are still missed in remote areas, so early decades read low. Magnitudes are as the catalogue reports them and mix scales (moment, local and body-wave).
USGS ANSS Comprehensive Earthquake Catalog, 1900 to present, retrieved October 30, 2026.
Severe weather and other events
956 events in the National Weather Service record for Garland County, 759 of them since 1996.
191
Hail reports, 1 inch or larger
28
Hail, 2 inches or larger
268
Damaging gusts, 58 mph+
67
Winter weather events since 1996
11
Heat events since 1996
8
Cold events since 1996
Largest hail
June 14, 2023
4.00 inches
Strongest measured or estimated gust
April 28, 2020
81 mph
More event types since 1996
| Lightning | 28 | 1 |
Costliest events since 1996
- Apr 25, 2011Tornado$21.0 million
National Weather Service narrative
Homes were destroyed in the Walnut Valley, Ozark Lithia, Ranch Estates, and Mountain Valley areas. Church buildings and the Teen Challenge building on Arkansas Highway 7 were badly damaged. Vehicles were piled up in the parking lot of the church. An 8-month old baby was killed in the Walnut Valley area. A Red Cross survey indicated approximately 25 houses and 21 mobile homes were destroyed, 22 houses and 5 mobile homes suffered severe damage, 18 houses and 4 mobile homes had minor damage, and 5 houses and 2 mobile homes were affected. A two-story house had its top floor removed. Several outbuildings and a well-constructed barn were destroyed. A portion of the tornado's track was…
- Dec 25, 2012Winter Storm, Garland$12.0 million
National Weather Service narrative
There was a public report of 15 inches of snow at Jessieville. Cooperative observers measured 12 inches at Washita and 8 inches at Hot Springs National Park.
- Jan 2, 2023Tornado$5.0 million
National Weather Service narrative
This tornado began just to the southwest of Jessieville, causing tree damage around an Arkansas Forestry Commission building. The tornado then quickly moved northeast into Jessieville, and caused damage to a few homes in town. Most notably, damage was noted to several buildings on the campus of Jessieville High School, and three out of four fixed light poles for the football field were bent over. The tornado continued to move northeast, doing damage to a pole barn just north of town, before finally dissipating.
- Apr 25, 2011Tornado$5.0 million
National Weather Service narrative
This tornado affected areas around the Bear community, Brady Mountain Rd., the eastern end of Lake Ouachita, and Lake Ouachita State Park. A Red Cross survey indicated approximately 1 house destroyed, 4 houses and 3 mobile homes with major damage, 16 houses and 9 mobile homes with minor damage, and 3 houses and 1 mobile home affected. A large metal building that once housed a golf academy sustained severe damage, with the roof torn off and metal girders twisted. A camping trailer was blown into a field and destroyed. Several outbuildings were destroyed. Hundreds of trees were knocked down or snapped off. Numerous power lines were blown down. Considerable damage occurred at Lake…
- May 1, 2011Flood$3.0 million
National Weather Service narrative
Some of the campsites around Lake Catherine were closed due to flooding.
- Apr 25, 2011Tornado$3.0 million
National Weather Service narrative
A tornado affected the area around Old Dallas Rd. and the Sunshine community. A Red Cross survey indicated 1 house and 8 mobile homes were destroyed, 4 houses and 4 mobile homes suffered major damage, and 19 houses and 9 mobile homes had minor damage. Numerous outbuildings were destroyed. A travel trailer was pushed onto a car. Hundreds of trees were blown down or snapped off, and numerous power lines were blown down.
- Aug 5, 2012Thunderstorm Wind$2.5 million
National Weather Service narrative
A microburst struck downtown Hot Springs, doing considerable damage. A hotel had a large hole, approximately 30 feet by 20 feet, punched in its facade. A bank had windows blown out. A skywalk between two buildings was badly damaged with a lot of material hanging out of the bottom (over the street) and windows blown out. A motorcyclist suffered minor injuries after he took shelter under the skywalk and was hit by flying debris. A used car dealership in a 65 year-old building had one wall caved in and numerous windows blown out. Most of the cars that were for sale were damaged. A nearby tire shop had all of its front windows blown out. A theater had damage to its marquee and a large…
- Sep 13, 2008Tropical Storm, Garland$2.0 million
National Weather Service narrative
A 49 mph wind gust was recorded at Hot Springs Memorial Field. Trees and power lines were down across the county. Approximately 72 trees were down on Ponce golf course. A utility pole and large tree were down on Prospect Avenue. Three major roads in Hot Springs were closed. A tree fell onto a car on Park Street. The driver of the car suffered minor injuries and was unable to get out of the car for several hours due to downed power lines. Trees were down on Arkansas Highway 7 north and south of Jessieville. Trees and power lines were down on Arkansas Highway 5 between Tyme Lane and Curtis Lane. Also, trees were down on Arkansas Highway 192. A pine tree fell onto a bath house in Hot Springs.
- Dec 24, 2009Flood$1.3 million
National Weather Service narrative
Flash flooding, which developed on the evening of the 23rd, became widespread areal flooding on the morning on the 24th and continued into Christmas morning. A minor landslide occurred on West Mountain in Hot Springs. Part of Arkansas Highway 227 (Mountain Pine Rd.) had to be closed for awhile. Bridges that were washed out, damaged, or flooded including those on Deerpark Rd., Kelly Hollow at Wildcat Rd., Caddo Gap near Norman Dr., South Harris Rd., Holy Spirit Ln., Hughes Rd., Owl Creek Rd., Brady Mountain Rd., and Brady Mountain Cutoff. Lake Hamilton and Lake Catherine rose rapidly out of their winter pools, approaching summertime lake levels. Docks broke loose in the Big Mazarn…
- Aug 30, 2012Tropical Depression, Garland$1.3 million
National Weather Service narrative
Although Isaac was a hurricane in the Gulf of Mexico, it had weakened to a tropical depression by the time it reached Arkansas. Isaac passed through western Arkansas on the evening of the 30th and during the day on the 31st. Positions from the National Hurricane Center and the Hydrometeorological Prediction Center: August 30th at 10 PM (CDT) 95 miles south-southwest of Little Rock, August 31st at 4 AM 95 miles west of Little Rock, August 31st at 10 AM 25 miles northeast of Fort Smith, and August 31st at 4 PM 40 miles east of Joplin, Missouri. Although Isaac had exited Arkansas by the end of the month, some effects, including bands of thunderstorms spiraling in toward its center,…
- Storm Events records before 1996 cover only tornadoes, thunderstorm wind and hail. Damage figures are as reported by the National Weather Service at the time, not adjusted for inflation.
NOAA NCEI Storm Events Database, 1950 to 2026, issued October 26, 2026.
Weather records
From Hot Springs 1 Nne, 1.6 miles from the city centre, with records from 1887.
- All-time high
- 115°F2 times, most recently Aug 1, 1986
- All-time low
- −11°FFeb 18, 1910
- Warmest night
- 92°FAug 28, 1932
- Coldest day
- 11°FDec 25, 1983
- Wettest day
- 12.97 inMay 20, 1990
- Snowiest day
- 20.6 inMar 16, 1892
- Hottest year
- 1954mean 66.3°F
- Coldest year
- 1989mean 59.1°F
- Wettest year
- 197384.92 in
- Driest year
- 191638.72 in
Station Hot Springs 1 Nne (USC00033466), 626 ft elevation, 1.6 miles from the city centre. Daily records from 1887 to October 26, 2026; 94.9% of days in the last 30 years are complete. Records at a single station can differ from a city’s official threaded record, which may combine several stations.
NOAA NCEI Global Historical Climatology Network Daily.
Federal disaster declarations
21 since 1953. The most recent: Severe Winter Storm, January 24, 2026.
Declarations for Garland County.
| Jan 24, 2026 | Winter Storm | EM-3636-AR |
| May 21, 2025 | Flood | DR-4873-AR |
| Apr 5, 2025 | Severe Storm | EM-3627-AR |
| Aug 27, 2020 | Hurricane | EM-3541-AR |
| Apr 3, 2020 | Biological | DR-4518-AR |
| Mar 13, 2020 | Biological | EM-3461-AR |
| Jun 26, 2015 | Severe Storm | DR-4226-AR |
| Jan 29, 2013 | Severe Ice Storm | DR-4100-AR |
| May 2, 2011 | Severe Storm | DR-1975-AR |
| Jan 28, 2009 | Severe Ice Storm | EM-3301-AR |
| Sep 18, 2008 | Hurricane | DR-1793-AR |
| Mar 26, 2008 | Severe Storm | DR-1751-AR |
| Sep 2, 2005 | Hurricane | EM-3215-AR |
| Dec 29, 2000 | Severe Ice Storm | DR-1354-AR |
| Dec 28, 2000 | Severe Ice Storm | EM-3159-AR |
| May 15, 1990 | Flood | DR-865-AR |
| Nov 23, 1988 | Tornado | DR-817-AR |
| Dec 13, 1982 | Severe Storm | DR-673-AR |
| Dec 3, 1976 | Drought | EM-3019-AR |
| Jun 8, 1974 | Flood | DR-437-AR |
| Apr 27, 1973 | Flood | DR-375-AR |
This product uses the Federal Emergency Management Agency's OpenFEMA API, but is not endorsed by FEMA. The Federal Government or FEMA cannot vouch for the data or analyses derived from these data after the data have been retrieved from the Agency's website(s).
OpenFEMA Disaster Declarations Summaries, retrieved October 30, 2026. Statewide declarations are not listed.
Sources and vintage
Every number on this page comes from these public records.
- Tornadoes NOAA Storm Prediction Center severe weather database, through 2025.
- Tropical cyclones NOAA National Hurricane Center HURDAT2 (Atlantic; Northeast and Central Pacific), through 2025.
- Wildfire USGS/USFS Monitoring Trends in Burn Severity, through 2026.
- Storm events NOAA NCEI Storm Events Database, through 2026.
- Flood insurance OpenFEMA NFIP Redacted Claims v3, refreshed August 4, 2026.
- Declarations OpenFEMA Disaster Declarations Summaries v2, retrieved October 30, 2026.
- Weather records NOAA NCEI Global Historical Climatology Network Daily, station USC00033466.
- River crests NOAA National Weather Service, National Water Prediction Service river gauges, retrieved October 30, 2026.
- Drought NOAA NCEI nClimDiv county Palmer Drought Severity Index, through September 2026.
- Smoke NOAA NESDIS Hazard Mapping System smoke analysis, retrieved October 30, 2026.
- Earthquakes USGS ANSS Comprehensive Earthquake Catalog (ComCat), retrieved October 30, 2026.
Joins, thresholds and known limits are set out in the methodology. Found an error? Report it. Page built October 30, 2026.