Carrollton
Population 27,925 (2025)
97 tornadoes have tracked within 25 miles of Carrollton since 1950, 9 of them rated EF3 or F3 or stronger; the most recent was on May 27, 2025.
Hazard fingerprint Each spoke is this county’s percentile among U.S. counties where that hazard occurs. How it is computed
- Tornado damage paths within 25 miles since 195097
- Tropical cyclone tracks within 100 miles since 1851, wider where stronger17
At a glance
Tornado paths within 25 miles, tropical cyclone tracks within 100 miles and wildfire perimeters within 25 miles of the city centre. Storm events, flood insurance claims and disaster declarations are for Carroll County. Earthquakes within 50 miles, volcanoes within 100 miles and smoke days are measured from the city centre; river and tide gauges, tsunami and landslide records and the drought index are for Carroll County.
Strongest tornado
EF4
March 25, 2021, 38.6 mile path
Strongest tropical cyclone
TS
Tropical storm Eloise, 1975, 15.5 miles away
Tornadoes
About one tornado a year since 1950, 9 of them rated F3/EF3 or stronger.
Strongest
March 25, 2021
EF4, 38.6 mile path
1,850 yards wide.
Deadliest
April 3, 1974
1 killed, F2
20 injured along the whole path.
Most recent
Tuesday, May 27, 2025
EF0, 1.6 mile path
Within the past year.
Every recorded tornado
| May 27, 2025 | EF0 | 1.6 | 0 | 0 |
| May 27, 2025 | EF1 | 2.6 | 0 | 0 |
| May 27, 2025 | EF0 | 2.6 | 0 | 0 |
| May 20, 2025 | EF1 | 2.0 | 0 | 0 |
| Mar 31, 2025 | EF0 | 5.0 | 0 | 0 |
| Mar 31, 2025 | EF0 | 5.3 | 0 | 0 |
| Mar 15, 2025 | EF1 | 11.6 | 0 | 0 |
| May 27, 2024 | EF1 | 3.5 | 0 | 0 |
| May 27, 2024 | EF1 | 3.2 | 0 | 0 |
| Jan 4, 2023 | EF1 | 2.5 | 0 | 0 |
| Dec 31, 2021 | EF1 | 2.8 | 0 | 0 |
| May 3, 2021 | EF1 | 1.4 | 0 | 0 |
| Mar 25, 2021 | EF4 | 38.6 | 0 | 0 |
| Oct 10, 2020 | EF0 | 1.0 | 0 | 0 |
| Oct 10, 2020 | EF0 | 0.3 | 0 | 0 |
| Mar 19, 2018 | EF1 | 1.4 | 2 | 0 |
| Mar 19, 2018 | EF3 | 35.2 | 4 | 0 |
| Feb 7, 2018 | EF0 | 1.2 | 0 | 0 |
| Apr 5, 2017 | EF0 | 0.2 | 0 | 0 |
| Apr 3, 2017 | EF1 | 4.1 | 0 | 0 |
| Apr 3, 2017 | EF1 | 2.4 | 0 | 0 |
| Nov 30, 2016 | EF0 | 4.0 | 0 | 0 |
| Nov 18, 2015 | EF1 | 0.2 | 0 | 0 |
| Aug 18, 2013 | EF1 | 0.4 | 0 | 0 |
| Apr 11, 2013 | EF0 | 5.7 | 0 | 0 |
| Mar 2, 2012 | EF3 | 29.0 | 1 | 0 |
| Dec 21, 2011 | EF0 | 0.3 | 0 | 0 |
| Apr 27, 2011 | EF1 | 17.0 | 1 | 0 |
| Dec 10, 2008 | EF0 | 0.1 | 0 | 0 |
| May 11, 2008 | EF2 | 0.1 | 0 | 0 |
| May 11, 2008 | EF2 | 0.1 | 0 | 0 |
| May 11, 2008 | EF1 | 2.3 | 0 | 0 |
| Mar 7, 2008 | EF1 | 7.0 | 1 | 0 |
| Feb 26, 2008 | EF1 | 2.0 | 1 | 0 |
| Feb 26, 2008 | EF3 | 7.2 | 1 | 0 |
| Feb 17, 2008 | EF1 | 4.0 | 0 | 0 |
| Feb 17, 2008 | EF1 | 14.7 | 0 | 0 |
| Jan 7, 2007 | EFU | 4.1 | 0 | 0 |
| Jan 5, 2007 | EFU | 5.4 | 0 | 0 |
| Jan 2, 2006 | F2 | 7.0 | 0 | 0 |
| Aug 29, 2005 | F0 | 1.0 | 0 | 0 |
| Aug 29, 2005 | F0 | 1.0 | 0 | 0 |
| Aug 29, 2005 | F2 | 5.5 | 3 | 1 |
| May 7, 2003 | F0 | 0.1 | 0 | 0 |
| May 7, 2003 | F0 | 0.2 | 0 | 0 |
| May 7, 2003 | F0 | 0.1 | 0 | 0 |
| May 7, 2003 | F1 | 12.9 | 0 | 0 |
| May 7, 1999 | F2 | 10.0 | 3 | 0 |
| Apr 8, 1998 | F1 | 3.5 | 0 | 0 |
| Mar 27, 1994 | F1 | 2.0 | 0 | 0 |
| Feb 21, 1993 | F1 | 7.0 | 1 | 0 |
| Mar 29, 1991 | F2 | 3.0 | 2 | 0 |
| Feb 16, 1990 | F2 | 7.0 | 11 | 0 |
| Feb 10, 1990 | F1 | 1.5 | 0 | 0 |
| Aug 17, 1989 | F1 | 0.7 | 0 | 0 |
| Apr 4, 1989 | F1 | 13.0 | 0 | 0 |
| Mar 5, 1989 | F3 | 14.0 | 23 | 0 |
| Mar 5, 1989 | F2 | 45.5 | 6 | 1 |
| Mar 5, 1989 | F1 | 3.7 | 0 | 0 |
| Jun 3, 1987 | F1 | 0.3 | 0 | 0 |
| Apr 5, 1985 | F1 | 2.0 | 16 | 0 |
| Nov 10, 1984 | F1 | 5.0 | 0 | 0 |
| May 3, 1984 | F2 | 5.0 | 0 | 0 |
| May 3, 1984 | F1 | 5.0 | 0 | 0 |
| May 3, 1984 | F1 | 2.0 | 0 | 0 |
| Mar 28, 1984 | F1 | 5.0 | 0 | 0 |
| Mar 28, 1984 | F0 | 0.5 | 0 | 0 |
| Apr 8, 1980 | F1 | 4.3 | 1 | 0 |
| Jul 12, 1979 | F0 | 0.1 | 0 | 0 |
| Apr 4, 1979 | F1 | 0.1 | 0 | 0 |
| Feb 23, 1975 | F1 | 2.0 | 2 | 0 |
| Jan 10, 1975 | F1 | 0.1 | 1 | 0 |
| Nov 20, 1974 | F1 | 2.0 | 6 | 0 |
| Apr 3, 1974 | F2 | 65.9 | 20 | 1 |
| Mar 29, 1974 | F1 | 0.5 | 0 | 0 |
| Jan 26, 1974 | F3 | 21.3 | 7 | 1 |
| May 27, 1973 | F2 | 0.8 | 0 | 0 |
| Mar 16, 1973 | F1 | 1.0 | 0 | 0 |
| Jun 27, 1972 | F1 | 0.5 | 0 | 0 |
| Feb 26, 1971 | F0 | 0.5 | 0 | 0 |
| Apr 2, 1970 | F3 | 0.3 | 0 | 0 |
| Mar 12, 1968 | F2 | 6.2 | 0 | 0 |
| Nov 30, 1967 | F1 | 2.2 | 0 | 0 |
| Nov 22, 1967 | F2 | 13.9 | 2 | 0 |
| May 6, 1967 | F1 | 2.0 | 0 | 0 |
| Sep 18, 1965 | F0 | 0.1 | 0 | 0 |
| Jun 4, 1965 | F1 | 0.5 | 0 | 0 |
| Dec 24, 1964 | F3 | 75.4 | 1 | 0 |
| Apr 28, 1964 | F3 | 15.7 | 10 | 0 |
| Mar 17, 1963 | F1 | 26.8 | 0 | 0 |
| Dec 12, 1961 | F1 | 0.5 | 0 | 0 |
| Dec 12, 1961 | F1 | 2.7 | 0 | 0 |
| Aug 31, 1961 | F1 | 0.5 | 1 | 0 |
| Oct 7, 1960 | F0 | 0.2 | 0 | 0 |
| Dec 5, 1954 | F1 | 4.5 | 0 | 0 |
| Dec 5, 1954 | F1 | 0.2 | 0 | 0 |
| Jun 4, 1950 | F0 | 2.0 | 0 | 0 |
- Injuries and deaths are for the tornado’s whole path, which may extend beyond this area.
- Weak tornadoes were under-recorded before Doppler radar coverage became national in the early 1990s, so earlier decades read low. Ratings use the Fujita scale before February 2007 and the Enhanced Fujita scale after.
Storm Prediction Center severe weather database, 1950 to 2025.
Hurricanes and tropical storms
9 passed within 50 miles since 1851; none at hurricane strength.
Strongest within 50 miles
September 23, 1975
Eloise, Tropical storm
15.5 miles at closest approach, winds near 61 mph.
Most recent
October 29, 2020
Zeta, Tropical storm
42.0 miles at closest approach.
Every storm within 100 miles
| Zeta | 2020 | 42.0 | Tropical storm |
| Opal | 1995 | 59.5 | Tropical storm |
| Juan | 1985 | 93.0 | Tropical storm |
| Eloise | 1975 | 15.5 | Tropical storm |
| Unnamed | 1932 | 63.4 | Post-tropical |
| Unnamed | 1915 | 7.4 | Tropical storm |
| Unnamed | 1912 | 17.8 | Tropical storm |
| Unnamed | 1907 | 8.2 | Post-tropical |
| Unnamed | 1906 | 48.4 | Tropical storm |
| Unnamed | 1903 | 22.2 | Tropical storm |
| Unnamed | 1902 | 8.1 | Post-tropical |
| Unnamed | 1901 | 87.5 | Post-tropical |
| Unnamed | 1898 | 8.8 | Tropical storm |
| Unnamed | 1898 | 55.2 | Tropical storm |
| Unnamed | 1896 | 85.1 | Tropical storm |
| Unnamed | 1893 | 42.9 | Tropical storm |
| Unnamed | 1889 | 85.0 | Tropical storm |
| Unnamed | 1882 | 69.6 | Tropical storm |
| Unnamed | 1881 | 92.7 | Tropical storm |
| Unnamed | 1859 | 37.1 | Tropical storm |
| Unnamed | 1852 | 56.4 | Tropical storm |
- Tropical storms and hurricanes (34 kt or more, still tropical) at closest approach. Post-tropical remnants with gale-force winds are listed but not counted. Direct: track within 50 miles; near: within 100 miles. Distance is measured to the county boundary for counties and to the city centre for cities, using positions interpolated hourly between HURDAT2 fixes.
National Hurricane Center HURDAT2, 1851 to 2025.
Wildfire and smoke
No large wildfire has been mapped within 25 miles since satellite mapping began in 1984.
Smoke overhead
Smokiest year
2023: 48 days
Heavy smoke on 5 days in 2023, the most of any year.
Last 10 years
11.0 days a year
Medium or heavy smoke, 2016 to 2025.
2025
8 days
Medium or heavy smoke. 33 so far in 2026.
- A smoke day is a date on which a smoke plume traced by NOAA Hazard Mapping System analysts from satellite imagery covered this place's point (the county's population centre or the city centre). Counts here are of medium or heavy smoke. Since 2018 analysts have often drawn light smoke as one area over most of the continent, so light-smoke counts are not comparable from year to year. The plumes show smoke anywhere in the air above, not air quality at the ground, and smoke hidden by cloud is missed.
NOAA Hazard Mapping System smoke analysis, 2011 to 2026, retrieved October 30, 2026.
Floods and flood insurance
60 federal flood insurance claims since 1979, with $5.5 million paid.
Flood insurance figures are for Carroll County, the county that contains Carrollton.
Most claims in one year
2009: 20 claims
$2.8 million paid.
2nd most
2015: 13 claims
$1.9 million paid.
Claims by ZIP code
| 30117 | 24 | $462,000 |
| 30119 | 8 | $4.2 million |
| 30116 | 7 | $177,000 |
| 30180 | 7 | $66,000 |
| 30179 | 6 | $503,000 |
Flood events since 1996
- Flash Flood21
- Flood9
- Heavy Rain5
1 death recorded in flood events since 1996.
This product uses the Federal Emergency Management Agency's OpenFEMA API, but is not endorsed by FEMA. The Federal Government or FEMA cannot vouch for the data or analyses derived from these data after the data have been retrieved from the Agency's website(s).
OpenFEMA NFIP Redacted Claims v3, refreshed August 4, 2026. NOAA Storm Events through 2026.
River crests
River gauges in Carroll County, the county that contains Carrollton.
Most severe crest
September 23, 2009
Chattahoochee River near Whitesburg, 29.74 ft
12.74 feet above the 17.0 ft flood stage; major flooding by today’s categories.
Most recent moderate or major crest
September 28, 2024
Chattahoochee River near Whitesburg, 21.45 ft
Moderate flooding.
River gauges
| Chattahoochee River near Whitesburg | 17.0 | 29.74 ft | 3 |
| Little Tallapoosa River at GA 100 near Bowdon | 17.0 | 18.48 ft | 0 |
| Little Tallapoosa River at US 27 at Carrollton | 18.0 | 19.30 ft | 0 |
| Snake Creek downstream Snake Creek Reservoir near Whitesburg | 13.0 | 16.99 ft | 0 |
| Snake Creek near Whitesburg | 12.0 | 17.30 ft | 1 |
- Crests are the highest and the recent crests the National Weather Service lists for each river gauge in the county that has a flood stage, not every flood. Flood categories use each gauge's current flood stages; crests from before levees, dams or channel changes may not be comparable. Crests measured on an old datum are left out of the rankings.
NOAA National Water Prediction Service gauge records, retrieved October 30, 2026.
Drought
In severe drought or worse for 161 of 1,581 months since 1895 (10%); the longest spell lasted 23 months.
The drought index is for Carroll County, the county that contains Carrollton.
161
Months in severe drought or worse since 1895
55
Months in extreme drought
10%
Share of all months, severe or worse
42
Drought reports to the Weather Service since 1996
Lowest reading
November 2007
−5.54, extreme drought
Longest severe spell
23 months
March 2007 to January 2009.
Latest month
September 2026
−2.36, moderate drought
Last severe month: May 2026.
- The Palmer Drought Severity Index is computed by NOAA each month from the county's average temperature and precipitation, relative to the county's own climate. Zero is normal; -3 or lower is severe drought and -4 or lower extreme drought. It describes the long-term balance of moisture, not water supply or crop losses.
NOAA NCEI nClimDiv county Palmer Drought Severity Index, 1895 to September 2026, issued October 6, 2026.
Earthquakes
No earthquake of magnitude 2.5 or more is recorded within 50 miles of the city centre in the USGS catalogue, which begins in 1900.
Severe weather and other events
606 events in the National Weather Service record for Carroll County, 526 of them since 1996.
60
Hail reports, 1 inch or larger
8
Hail, 2 inches or larger
144
Damaging gusts, 58 mph+
34
Winter weather events since 1996
12
Heat events since 1996
14
Cold events since 1996
Largest hail
April 26, 1982
2.75 inches
Strongest measured or estimated gust
April 4, 1989
90 mph
More event types since 1996
| Lightning | 22 | 0 |
| Dense fog and smoke | 2 | 0 |
Costliest events since 1996
- Sep 21, 2009Flood$16.1 million
National Weather Service narrative
Initial flash flooding evolved into a record and catastrophic flood event during this time frame. Carroll county emergency management personnel reported that at least a dozen other people were rescued from flooded homes and cars around the county, including one woman who escaped to safety as her vehicle was washed as she was driving. Substantial damage to homes, businesses, and roads were observed. Monetary damage during this time period was estimated to be in excess of $16 million.
- Feb 26, 2008Tornado$8.0 million
National Weather Service narrative
A ground and aerial damage survey conducted by the National Weather Service Forecast Office in Peachtree City, Georgia and the Carroll County Emergency Management Director concluded that an EF3 tornado touched down in extreme western Carroll county, just across the Alabama state line, about 13 miles west of Carrollton and continued to a point approximately five miles west of Carrollton. The tornado traveled a path length of seven to eight miles and had a maximum path width of 100 yards. Maximum wind speeds were estimated at 140 mph. Twelve structures, mostly single family homes, suffered extensive damage along the path of the tornado. Only four of the affected structures were…
- May 11, 2008Tornado$7.0 million
National Weather Service narrative
A survey conducted by the National Weather Service Forecast Office in Peachtree City, Georgia confirmed that yet a second brief spinup tornado, spawned by the same parent thunderstorm, touched down in Carroll county. This tornado affected eastern Carroll county, touching down near the Diamond Court Subdivision off Cross Plains-Hulett Road, about three miles south of Hulett. Again, this tornado was embedded within a much larger and extensive area of straight-line wind damage that tracked across much of central Carroll county from near Bowden to the Douglas county line, southeast of Hulett. One home was completely destroyed by this second tornado and another received significant…
- Feb 26, 2008Tornado$7.0 million
National Weather Service narrative
A damage survey conducted by the National Weather Service Forecast Office in Peachtree City, Georgia and the Carrollton County Emergency Management Director confirmed that yet another tornado touched down in eastern Carroll county spawned by the same squall line of thunderstorms that just a few minutes earlier had resulted in an EF3 tornado in western Carroll county. This tornado was rated an EF1, touching down three miles east of Carrollton and tracking to a point five miles east of Carrollton. The path length was two miles long with a maximum path width of 100 yards. Maximum wind speeds with the tornado were estimated at 90 mph. A total of 24 structures sustained minor damage.…
- Sep 21, 2009Flood$5.5 million
National Weather Service narrative
Carroll county emergency management personnel and USGS stream gages confirmed that record to catastrophic flooding continued across much of the county, especially the eastern section. Hundreds of homes, apartments, businesses, and roads sustained damages from flooding. A number of culverts and/or bridges were washed out and several roads were closed. Flood waters began to recede after 830 am EDT on the 22nd, but many areas remained in moderate to major flood until 715 am EDT on the 23rd. Monetary damage from flooding continued to mount, with damages exceeding $5.5 million during this time frame.
- May 11, 2008Thunderstorm Wind$5.0 million
National Weather Service narrative
A survey conducted by the National Weather Service in Peachtree City, Georgia confirmed that thunderstorms tracked across central Carroll county from near the Alabama border, west of Bowden, to the Douglas county line, southeast of Hulett, leaving a 25-mile long and 3-mile wide path of extensive straight-line wind damage. Widespread tree and roof damage was noted along the path of straight-line winds, much of which occurred along and up to three miles south of Georgia Highway 166 from west of Carrollton, near Bowden, to western Douglas county, near Fairplay. Dozens upon dozens of trees and many power lines were downed along the path. A number of homes along this path also…
- Aug 29, 2005Tornado$4.4 million
National Weather Service narrative
A National Weather Service Damage Survey Team, in conjunction with the Carroll County Emergency Manager and Chief of Fire and Rescue operations, concluded that the F2 tornado, which began just south of Glenloch in Heard county, continued north into Carroll county. The tornado entered Carroll county approximately three miles southeast of Roopville and continued north at 30-35 mph to a point about three miles northeast of Roopville. The overall path length within Carroll county was 4.0 miles with an approximate path width of 200 yards. Extensive damage occurred along the path of the tornado. A total of 17 large chicken houses were destroyed along with 1,000,000 chickens. This…
- May 11, 2008Tornado$2.0 million
National Weather Service narrative
A survey conducted by the National Weather Service Forecast Office in Peachtree City, Georgia confirmed that two brief spinup tornadoes occurred within a larger and extensive area of straight-line wind damage across much of central Carroll county. The first brief tornado spinup was an EF2 in the Jonesville community, just northeast of Bowdon and west of Carrollton. The tornado touched down approximately two miles east of where the straight-line wind damage began. The tornado was only on the ground approximately 100 yards and had a path width of 100 yards as well. The roofs of two homes were completely blown off the structures, including nearly $1 million in damages to a Dalton…
- May 7, 2003Flash Flood$2.0 million
National Weather Service narrative
The Times Georgian newspaper of Carrollton reported that 40 roads around the county had been washed out by flooding, although on five of these the damage was only minor. Several bridges that cross the Little Tallapoosa River in the Tyus area were washed out. The Carroll county 911 center and the county Emergency Management Director corroborated the flooding reports.
- Mar 15, 2008Hail$1.5 million
National Weather Service narrative
An amateur radio operator in Villa Rica observed tennis ball to baseball-sized hail. Several other reports of golf ball-sized hail were received from the public across far northern Carroll county, especially in the Villa Rica area.
- Storm Events records before 1996 cover only tornadoes, thunderstorm wind and hail. Damage figures are as reported by the National Weather Service at the time, not adjusted for inflation.
NOAA NCEI Storm Events Database, 1950 to 2026, issued October 26, 2026.
Weather records
From Carrollton, 1.1 miles from the city centre, with records from 1904.
- All-time high
- 103°F4 times, most recently Jul 2, 2012
- All-time low
- −9°FJan 21, 1985
- Warmest night
- 82°F2 times, most recently Jul 3, 1997
- Coldest day
- 16°FJan 21, 1985
- Wettest day
- 7.66 inSep 21, 2009
- Snowiest day
- 8.5 inMar 2, 1942
- Hottest year
- 1997mean 63.5°F
- Coldest year
- 1968mean 59.0°F
- Wettest year
- 201873.42 in
- Driest year
- 195425.65 in
- Snowiest season
- 9.0 in2017-18
Median first snow
January 1
Earliest: November 24, 1950
Median last snow
January 9
Latest: March 14, 1951
53 of 63 winters had no measurable snow.
Station Carrollton (USC00091640), 995 ft elevation, 1.1 miles from the city centre. Daily records from 1904 to October 28, 2026; 98.0% of days in the last 30 years are complete. Records at a single station can differ from a city’s official threaded record, which may combine several stations.
NOAA NCEI Global Historical Climatology Network Daily.
Federal disaster declarations
23 since 1953. The most recent: Hurricane Isaias, October 9, 2026.
Declarations for Carroll County.
| Oct 9, 2026 | Tropical Storm | EM-3657-GA |
| Jan 24, 2026 | Winter Storm | EM-3642-GA |
| Sep 26, 2024 | Tropical Storm | EM-3616-GA |
| Jan 12, 2021 | Hurricane | DR-4579-GA |
| Mar 29, 2020 | Biological | DR-4501-GA |
| Mar 13, 2020 | Biological | EM-3464-GA |
| Sep 15, 2017 | Hurricane | DR-4338-GA |
| Sep 8, 2017 | Hurricane | EM-3387-GA |
| Feb 26, 2016 | Severe Storm | DR-4259-GA |
| Mar 6, 2014 | Severe Ice Storm | DR-4165-GA |
| Feb 11, 2014 | Severe Ice Storm | EM-3368-GA |
| Sep 24, 2009 | Severe Storm | DR-1858-GA |
| May 23, 2008 | Severe Storm | DR-1761-GA |
| Sep 5, 2005 | Hurricane | EM-3218-GA |
| Sep 18, 2004 | Hurricane | DR-1554-GA |
| Jan 28, 2000 | Severe Storm | DR-1311-GA |
| Mar 11, 1998 | Severe Storm | DR-1209-GA |
| Oct 10, 1995 | Hurricane | DR-1071-GA |
| Jul 7, 1994 | Tornado | DR-1033-GA |
| Mar 15, 1993 | Snowstorm | EM-3097-GA |
| Dec 1, 1992 | Tornado | DR-969-GA |
| Feb 23, 1990 | Severe Storm | DR-857-GA |
| Jul 20, 1977 | Drought | EM-3044-GA |
This product uses the Federal Emergency Management Agency's OpenFEMA API, but is not endorsed by FEMA. The Federal Government or FEMA cannot vouch for the data or analyses derived from these data after the data have been retrieved from the Agency's website(s).
OpenFEMA Disaster Declarations Summaries, retrieved October 30, 2026. Statewide declarations are not listed.
Sources and vintage
Every number on this page comes from these public records.
- Tornadoes NOAA Storm Prediction Center severe weather database, through 2025.
- Tropical cyclones NOAA National Hurricane Center HURDAT2 (Atlantic; Northeast and Central Pacific), through 2025.
- Wildfire USGS/USFS Monitoring Trends in Burn Severity, through 2026.
- Storm events NOAA NCEI Storm Events Database, through 2026.
- Flood insurance OpenFEMA NFIP Redacted Claims v3, refreshed August 4, 2026.
- Declarations OpenFEMA Disaster Declarations Summaries v2, retrieved October 30, 2026.
- Weather records NOAA NCEI Global Historical Climatology Network Daily, station USC00091640.
- River crests NOAA National Weather Service, National Water Prediction Service river gauges, retrieved October 30, 2026.
- Drought NOAA NCEI nClimDiv county Palmer Drought Severity Index, through September 2026.
- Smoke NOAA NESDIS Hazard Mapping System smoke analysis, retrieved October 30, 2026.
- Earthquakes USGS ANSS Comprehensive Earthquake Catalog (ComCat), retrieved October 30, 2026.
Joins, thresholds and known limits are set out in the methodology. Found an error? Report it. Page built October 30, 2026.