Clinton
Population 24,049 (2025)
124 tornadoes have tracked within 25 miles of Clinton since 1950, 7 of them rated EF3 or F3 or stronger; the most recent was on July 11, 2025.
Hazard fingerprint Each spoke is this county’s percentile among U.S. counties where that hazard occurs. How it is computed
- Tornado damage paths within 25 miles since 1950124
At a glance
Tornado paths within 25 miles, tropical cyclone tracks within 100 miles and wildfire perimeters within 25 miles of the city centre. Storm events, flood insurance claims and disaster declarations are for Clinton County. Earthquakes within 50 miles, volcanoes within 100 miles and smoke days are measured from the city centre; river and tide gauges, tsunami and landslide records and the drought index are for Clinton County.
Strongest tornado
F4
April 11, 1965, 91.5 mile path
Snowiest season
74.5in
Winter of 1978-79
Tornadoes
About 2 tornados a year since 1950, 7 of them rated F3/EF3 or stronger.
Strongest
April 11, 1965
F4, 91.5 mile path
200 yards wide; 1 killed along the whole path.
Deadliest
June 20, 1974
1 killed, F3
20 injured along the whole path.
Most recent
Friday, July 11, 2025
EF0, 3.9 mile path
Within the past year.
Every recorded tornado
| Jul 11, 2025 | EF0 | 3.9 | 0 | 0 |
| Apr 20, 2025 | EF0 | 0.7 | 0 | 0 |
| Apr 20, 2025 | EF1 | 7.2 | 0 | 0 |
| Jun 25, 2024 | EF1 | 0.9 | 0 | 0 |
| May 24, 2024 | EFU | 0.3 | 0 | 0 |
| May 24, 2024 | EFU | 0.8 | 0 | 0 |
| May 24, 2024 | EF1 | 7.2 | 0 | 0 |
| May 24, 2024 | EF1 | 15.3 | 0 | 0 |
| Jul 28, 2023 | EF0 | 1.0 | 0 | 0 |
| Jun 24, 2023 | EF0 | 9.6 | 0 | 0 |
| Apr 20, 2023 | EF1 | 5.9 | 0 | 0 |
| Mar 31, 2023 | EF1 | 1.0 | 0 | 0 |
| Mar 31, 2023 | EF2 | 18.0 | 1 | 0 |
| Mar 5, 2022 | EF1 | 4.0 | 0 | 0 |
| Nov 10, 2020 | EF1 | 4.3 | 0 | 0 |
| Nov 10, 2020 | EF1 | 3.5 | 0 | 0 |
| Nov 10, 2020 | EF1 | 0.3 | 0 | 0 |
| May 23, 2020 | EF1 | 12.2 | 0 | 0 |
| Mar 28, 2020 | EF1 | 2.2 | 0 | 0 |
| Aug 18, 2019 | EF0 | 0.1 | 0 | 0 |
| Jul 9, 2019 | EFU | 0.0 | 0 | 0 |
| Aug 28, 2018 | EF0 | 4.1 | 0 | 0 |
| Aug 20, 2018 | EF0 | 0.5 | 0 | 0 |
| Jul 26, 2017 | EF0 | 1.2 | 0 | 0 |
| Jul 21, 2017 | EF1 | 3.7 | 0 | 0 |
| May 23, 2017 | EF0 | 0.3 | 0 | 0 |
| May 17, 2017 | EF1 | 2.1 | 0 | 0 |
| May 17, 2017 | EF1 | 2.1 | 0 | 0 |
| Mar 6, 2017 | EF1 | 1.5 | 0 | 0 |
| Mar 6, 2017 | EF0 | 4.4 | 0 | 0 |
| Mar 6, 2017 | EF2 | 34.7 | 0 | 0 |
| Mar 6, 2017 | EF2 | 25.2 | 0 | 0 |
| Feb 28, 2017 | EF0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0 |
| Oct 6, 2016 | EF1 | 20.0 | 0 | 0 |
| Jul 17, 2016 | EF1 | 2.1 | 0 | 0 |
| Jul 17, 2016 | EF0 | 1.9 | 0 | 0 |
| May 31, 2016 | EF0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0 |
| Mar 15, 2016 | EF1 | 3.4 | 0 | 0 |
| Mar 15, 2016 | EF1 | 1.4 | 3 | 0 |
| Mar 15, 2016 | EF0 | 1.2 | 0 | 0 |
| Mar 15, 2016 | EF0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0 |
| Mar 15, 2016 | EF2 | 4.8 | 10 | 0 |
| Nov 11, 2015 | EF1 | 4.2 | 0 | 0 |
| Nov 11, 2015 | EF0 | 0.1 | 0 | 0 |
| Nov 11, 2015 | EF1 | 2.4 | 0 | 0 |
| Jul 16, 2015 | EF1 | 1.1 | 0 | 0 |
| Apr 9, 2015 | EF1 | 8.3 | 0 | 0 |
| Apr 9, 2015 | EF1 | 12.5 | 0 | 0 |
| Apr 9, 2015 | EF1 | 22.4 | 0 | 0 |
| Jun 29, 2014 | EF1 | 2.2 | 0 | 0 |
| Jun 12, 2013 | EF2 | 6.6 | 1 | 0 |
| May 30, 2013 | EF0 | 0.6 | 0 | 0 |
| May 19, 2013 | EF0 | 0.1 | 0 | 0 |
| Jun 5, 2010 | EF0 | 0.4 | 0 | 0 |
| Aug 4, 2008 | EF0 | 8.0 | 0 | 0 |
| Jul 10, 2008 | EF0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0 |
| Jul 10, 2008 | EF0 | 3.4 | 0 | 0 |
| Apr 13, 2006 | F1 | 1.5 | 0 | 0 |
| Jul 5, 2004 | F1 | 0.3 | 0 | 0 |
| Apr 20, 2004 | F1 | 1.3 | 0 | 0 |
| Sep 12, 2003 | F0 | 0.2 | 0 | 0 |
| Jun 14, 2003 | F0 | 0.1 | 0 | 0 |
| May 10, 2001 | F0 | 0.5 | 0 | 0 |
| Jun 12, 1999 | F0 | 0.1 | 0 | 0 |
| May 12, 1999 | F0 | 0.1 | 0 | 0 |
| Apr 30, 1997 | F0 | 0.1 | 0 | 0 |
| Apr 30, 1997 | F0 | 0.1 | 0 | 0 |
| Apr 30, 1997 | F0 | 2.0 | 0 | 0 |
| Jul 17, 1996 | F0 | 0.3 | 0 | 0 |
| May 10, 1996 | F1 | 2.0 | 0 | 0 |
| May 10, 1996 | F1 | 5.0 | 0 | 0 |
| Apr 19, 1996 | F0 | 0.1 | 0 | 0 |
| Apr 19, 1996 | F0 | 0.2 | 0 | 0 |
| Jul 27, 1995 | F0 | 0.3 | 0 | 0 |
| Jul 27, 1995 | F2 | 20.0 | 0 | 0 |
| Jul 27, 1995 | F2 | 10.5 | 0 | 0 |
| May 27, 1995 | F0 | 0.1 | 0 | 0 |
| May 9, 1995 | F1 | 0.5 | 0 | 0 |
| May 9, 1995 | F0 | 0.2 | 0 | 0 |
| May 9, 1995 | F0 | 0.2 | 0 | 0 |
| May 9, 1995 | F0 | 0.2 | 0 | 0 |
| May 9, 1995 | F1 | 3.0 | 0 | 0 |
| May 9, 1995 | F1 | 3.0 | 0 | 0 |
| Jun 26, 1994 | F0 | 0.1 | 0 | 0 |
| Jul 2, 1993 | F0 | 0.5 | 0 | 0 |
| Jun 19, 1992 | F0 | 0.2 | 0 | 0 |
| May 31, 1991 | F1 | 0.5 | 0 | 0 |
| Mar 13, 1990 | F1 | 13.0 | 0 | 0 |
| Mar 13, 1990 | F3 | 15.5 | 1 | 0 |
| Mar 13, 1990 | F0 | 0.2 | 0 | 0 |
| Aug 8, 1988 | F0 | 0.5 | 0 | 0 |
| May 8, 1988 | F1 | 0.3 | 0 | 0 |
| May 8, 1988 | F3 | 32.0 | 0 | 0 |
| Jul 29, 1987 | F1 | 2.0 | 0 | 0 |
| Jul 29, 1987 | F1 | 0.7 | 0 | 0 |
| Apr 29, 1984 | F1 | 1.0 | 0 | 0 |
| Apr 12, 1984 | F0 | 0.1 | 0 | 0 |
| Apr 4, 1981 | F1 | 4.9 | 4 | 0 |
| Apr 4, 1981 | F1 | 20.5 | 0 | 0 |
| Mar 29, 1981 | F4 | 5.1 | 0 | 0 |
| Aug 5, 1979 | F1 | 1.3 | 1 | 0 |
| Aug 5, 1979 | F0 | 0.2 | 0 | 0 |
| May 16, 1977 | F0 | 0.1 | 0 | 0 |
| Dec 14, 1975 | F1 | 7.0 | 0 | 0 |
| Jul 11, 1975 | F0 | 0.1 | 0 | 0 |
| Aug 12, 1974 | F0 | 0.1 | 0 | 0 |
| Jun 20, 1974 | F0 | 0.1 | 0 | 0 |
| Jun 20, 1974 | F3 | 10.6 | 20 | 1 |
| May 16, 1974 | F0 | 0.1 | 0 | 0 |
| May 13, 1974 | F3 | 3.6 | 0 | 0 |
| Apr 21, 1967 | F1 | 0.3 | 0 | 0 |
| Jan 24, 1967 | F3 | 7.4 | 12 | 0 |
| Jan 24, 1967 | F2 | 1.0 | 0 | 0 |
| Jan 24, 1967 | F2 | 0.1 | 0 | 0 |
| Jan 24, 1967 | F2 | 2.0 | 0 | 0 |
| Mar 21, 1966 | F2 | 0.1 | 0 | 0 |
| May 26, 1965 | F1 | 0.1 | 1 | 0 |
| Apr 11, 1965 | F4 | 91.5 | 3 | 1 |
| Jun 22, 1964 | F1 | 0.5 | 0 | 0 |
| Jun 7, 1961 | F0 | 0.1 | 0 | 0 |
| Jun 28, 1960 | F0 | 0.2 | 0 | 0 |
| Sep 26, 1959 | F2 | 3.3 | 0 | 0 |
| Aug 26, 1959 | F2 | 5.6 | 0 | 0 |
| Jun 17, 1956 | F1 | 2.0 | 0 | 0 |
- Injuries and deaths are for the tornado’s whole path, which may extend beyond this area.
- Weak tornadoes were under-recorded before Doppler radar coverage became national in the early 1990s, so earlier decades read low. Ratings use the Fujita scale before February 2007 and the Enhanced Fujita scale after.
Storm Prediction Center severe weather database, 1950 to 2025.
Hurricanes and tropical storms
No tropical storm or hurricane has tracked within 100 miles since records began in 1851.
Wildfire and smoke
No large wildfire has been mapped within 25 miles since satellite mapping began in 1984.
Smoke overhead
Smokiest year
2023: 70 days
Heavy smoke on 19 days in 2021, the most of any year.
Last 10 years
26.1 days a year
Medium or heavy smoke, 2016 to 2025.
2025
22 days
Medium or heavy smoke. 39 so far in 2026.
- A smoke day is a date on which a smoke plume traced by NOAA Hazard Mapping System analysts from satellite imagery covered this place's point (the county's population centre or the city centre). Counts here are of medium or heavy smoke. Since 2018 analysts have often drawn light smoke as one area over most of the continent, so light-smoke counts are not comparable from year to year. The plumes show smoke anywhere in the air above, not air quality at the ground, and smoke hidden by cloud is missed.
NOAA Hazard Mapping System smoke analysis, 2011 to 2026, retrieved October 30, 2026.
Floods and flood insurance
180 federal flood insurance claims since 1978, with $1.3 million paid.
Flood insurance figures are for Clinton County, the county that contains Clinton.
Most claims in one year
1979: 21 claims
$6,962 paid.
2nd most
2001: 21 claims
$226,000 paid.
3rd most
2008: 17 claims
$259,000 paid.
Claims by ZIP code
| 52730 | 78 | $616,000 |
| 52732 | 64 | $318,000 |
| 52731 | 16 | $124,000 |
| 52756 | 5 | $27,000 |
Flood events since 1996
- Flood55
- Flash Flood36
- Heavy Rain5
1 death recorded in flood events since 1996.
This product uses the Federal Emergency Management Agency's OpenFEMA API, but is not endorsed by FEMA. The Federal Government or FEMA cannot vouch for the data or analyses derived from these data after the data have been retrieved from the Agency's website(s).
OpenFEMA NFIP Redacted Claims v3, refreshed August 4, 2026. NOAA Storm Events through 2026.
River crests
River gauges in Clinton County, the county that contains Clinton.
Most severe crest
April 28, 1965
Mississippi River at Camanche, 24.65 ft
7.65 feet above the 17.0 ft flood stage; major flooding by today’s categories.
Most recent moderate or major crest
July 9, 2024
Mississippi River at Camanche, 21.42 ft
Major flooding.
River gauges
| Mississippi River at Camanche | 17.0 | 24.65 ft | 20 |
- Crests are the highest and the recent crests the National Weather Service lists for each river gauge in the county that has a flood stage, not every flood. Flood categories use each gauge's current flood stages; crests from before levees, dams or channel changes may not be comparable. Crests measured on an old datum are left out of the rankings.
NOAA National Water Prediction Service gauge records, retrieved October 30, 2026.
Drought
In severe drought or worse for 153 of 1,581 months since 1895 (10%); the longest spell lasted 17 months.
The drought index is for Clinton County, the county that contains Clinton.
153
Months in severe drought or worse since 1895
76
Months in extreme drought
10%
Share of all months, severe or worse
15
Drought reports to the Weather Service since 1996
Lowest reading
June 1934
−7.81, extreme drought
Longest severe spell
17 months
October 1922 to February 1924.
Latest month
September 2026
+2.78, moderately wet
Last severe month: February 2024.
- The Palmer Drought Severity Index is computed by NOAA each month from the county's average temperature and precipitation, relative to the county's own climate. Zero is normal; -3 or lower is severe drought and -4 or lower extreme drought. It describes the long-term balance of moisture, not water supply or crop losses.
NOAA NCEI nClimDiv county Palmer Drought Severity Index, 1895 to September 2026, issued October 6, 2026.
Earthquakes
2 earthquakes of magnitude 4 or more within 50 miles since 1900; the largest was magnitude 4.0 in 1972.
1
Magnitude 3+ within 50 miles since 1973
2
Magnitude 4+ within 50 miles since 1900
0
Magnitude 5+ within 50 miles since 1900
Largest within 50 miles
September 15, 1972
Magnitude 4.0
8 km SSW of Amboy, Illinois; 47.1 miles away, 6.8 miles deep.
Most recent, magnitude 3 or more
September 2, 1999
Magnitude 3.5
8 km W of Amboy, Illinois; 42.6 miles away.
Every earthquake of magnitude 4 or more within 50 miles
| Sep 15, 1972 | 4.0 | 47.1 |
| Nov 12, 1934 | 4.0 | 27.1 |
- Earthquakes of magnitude 2.5 or more in the USGS Comprehensive Catalog since 1900. Within 50 miles means the epicentre lies within 50 miles of the city centre.
- Small earthquakes were under-recorded before the modern seismic networks of the 1970s and are still missed in remote areas, so early decades read low. Magnitudes are as the catalogue reports them and mix scales (moment, local and body-wave).
USGS ANSS Comprehensive Earthquake Catalog, 1900 to present, retrieved October 30, 2026.
Severe weather and other events
833 events in the National Weather Service record for Clinton County, 696 of them since 1996.
92
Hail reports, 1 inch or larger
13
Hail, 2 inches or larger
245
Damaging gusts, 58 mph+
163
Winter weather events since 1996
4
Heat events since 1996
24
Cold events since 1996
Largest hail
August 7, 1958
4.00 inches
Strongest measured or estimated gust
August 10, 2020
130 mph
More event types since 1996
| Lightning | 6 | 0 |
| Dense fog and smoke | 11 | 0 |
Costliest events since 1996
- May 10, 1996Thunderstorm Wind$1.0 million
National Weather Service narrative
Roofs were torn off a large number of homes and other wind damage was widespread along a two-mile wide path extending from Durant, Iowa through Clinton to Fulton, Illinois. A small tornado developed on the north end of the storm, touching down in Clinton, crossing the Mississippi River and touching down again in Fulton.
- May 10, 1996Tornado$1.0 million
National Weather Service narrative
A small tornado developed on the northern end of the storm and touched down near Clinton, Iowa. The tornado crossed the Mississippi River and struck Fulton, Illinois shortly after 80 to 100+ MPH winds swept through the area.
- May 4, 2003High Wind, Clinton$1.0 million
National Weather Service narrative
Several rounds of thunderstorms struck Eastern Iowa, far Northeast Missouri, and Nothern Illinois from mid afternoon through midnight. A wake low developed behind one line of storms and produced an extended period of wind over 43 knots (50 mph) across parts of Eastern Iowa and Northwest Illinois resulting in power outages and tree limbs down. In Southeast Iowa and West Central Illinois, thunderstorms trained over the same area producing mainly nuisance flooding. In Henderson County Illinois, Illinois Route 94 and numerous other roads were closed due to high water.
- Jun 1, 2008Flood$646,000
National Weather Service narrative
Major to record flooding occurred during the month of June 2008 with most forecast points above flood stage for the majority of the month. The flooding during this month was more prolific and severe than the flooding in April 2008, and the flooding in April had been the most prolific flood event since 1997.||While some locations were still experiencing flooding as June began, many of the tributary rivers to the Mississippi in Iowa rose above flood stage during the first few days of the month. At locations that were already above flood stage, the rivers stopped their fall and began climbing again.||Persistent heavy rain from late May into early June resulted in record crests on the…
- Jun 17, 2010Flood$500,000
National Weather Service narrative
Heavy rains during the third week of June resulted in the Wapsipinicon River at De Witt going above the moderate flood stage level of 11.5 feet on June 17 around 630 am. After briefly falling back below 11.5 feet, it crested above the major flood stage around 13.2 feet around 7 pm June 22. It fell below the moderate flood stage level around 7 pm June 28.
- Aug 27, 2009Flash Flood$500,000
National Weather Service narrative
Heavy rains of 3 to 6 inches resulted in some flash flooding across much of Clinton County on August 27. Some areas particularly hard hit were De Witt, Welton, and Charlotte. Several residences experienced flooded basements. Two large trees fell over due to erosion from running water in De Witt. Street flooding was also common across the area. Old Highway 61 had water over it in the Welton area. Some residences in Charlotte had to be evacuated due to the rising flood waters. An off-duty NWS employee also contributed to this report.
- Aug 27, 2009Flood$500,000
National Weather Service narrative
Heavy rains during the last week of August resulted in the Wapsipinicon River near De Witt going above the moderate flood stage level of 11.5 feet around 145 am on August 27. It proceeded to rise above the major flood stage level of 12.5 feet and crest around 13.14 feet around 130 am on August 29. After falling off for a while, it rose to a secondary crest around 12.94 feet around 4 pm August 31. It fell back below its moderate flood stage level around 8 am September 2.
- May 16, 2003Flood, Clinton$500,000
National Weather Service narrative
A pattern change at the end of April brought a series of heavy rain producing systems to Eastern Iowa and Northern Illinois over the first 10 days of the month. Area rivers responded with the Iowa River going above flood stage starting on the 10th. The Cedar and Wapsipinicon Rivers followed by going above flood stage around the 15th. The Mississippi River also went above flood stage, beginning around the 20th. Most tributaries went below flood stage around the 20th, and most locations on the Mississippi that were above flood stage went below by the 28th.Most of the flooding was minor. One location-the Mississippi River at Gladstone Dam 18-experienced moderate flooding. Most…
- Jun 23, 2010Thunderstorm Wind$300,000
National Weather Service narrative
A large grain bin and elevator were lifted slightly by severe thunderstorm winds, and then collapsed when they dropped back to the ground.
- Aug 4, 2008Tornado$250,000
National Weather Service narrative
An EF0 tornado damaged three farmsteads along a path from 3.2 miles north northeast of Charlotte, IA to 4 miles south southwest of Goose Lake, IA between 547 pm and 605 pm August 4. Several outbuildings were damaged with the total loss of the roofing on many of them. Many trees and branches were damaged, with several large trees blown down or snapped off.
- Storm Events records before 1996 cover only tornadoes, thunderstorm wind and hail. Damage figures are as reported by the National Weather Service at the time, not adjusted for inflation.
NOAA NCEI Storm Events Database, 1950 to 2026, issued October 26, 2026.
Weather records
From Clinton #1, 3.5 miles from the city centre, with records from 1893.
- All-time high
- 109°F2 times, most recently Jul 14, 1936
- All-time low
- −29°F2 times, most recently Jan 31, 2019
- Warmest night
- 81°F4 times, most recently Aug 2, 2006
- Coldest day
- −13°FFeb 3, 1996
- Wettest day
- 8.71 inSep 9, 1927
- Snowiest day
- 18.0 inJan 13, 1979
- Hottest year
- 1921mean 54.7°F
- Coldest year
- 1917mean 45.5°F
- Wettest year
- 196152.60 in
- Driest year
- 198819.59 in
- Snowiest season
- 74.5 in1978-79
Median first snow
November 24
Earliest: October 18, 1972
Median last snow
March 25
Latest: April 23, 1967
0 of 97 winters had no measurable snow.
Station Clinton #1 (USC00131635), 594 ft elevation, 3.5 miles from the city centre. Daily records from 1893 to October 26, 2026; 99.4% of days in the last 30 years are complete. Records at a single station can differ from a city’s official threaded record, which may combine several stations.
NOAA NCEI Global Historical Climatology Network Daily.
Federal disaster declarations
22 since 1953. The most recent: Severe Storms, August 17, 2020.
Declarations for Clinton County.
| Aug 17, 2020 | Severe Storm | DR-4557-IA |
| Mar 23, 2020 | Biological | DR-4483-IA |
| Mar 13, 2020 | Biological | EM-3480-IA |
| Mar 23, 2019 | Flood | DR-4421-IA |
| May 31, 2013 | Flood | DR-4119-IA |
| May 27, 2008 | Severe Storm | DR-1763-IA |
| Jan 4, 2008 | Severe Ice Storm | DR-1737-IA |
| Mar 14, 2007 | Severe Storm | DR-1688-IA |
| Sep 10, 2005 | Hurricane | EM-3239-IA |
| May 25, 2004 | Severe Storm | DR-1518-IA |
| Jun 19, 2002 | Flood | DR-1420-IA |
| May 2, 2001 | Severe Storm | DR-1367-IA |
| May 21, 1999 | Severe Storm | DR-1277-IA |
| Jul 2, 1998 | Flood | DR-1230-IA |
| Jul 9, 1993 | Flood | DR-996-IA |
| Sep 6, 1990 | Flood | DR-879-IA |
| May 26, 1990 | Flood | DR-868-IA |
| Jun 24, 1974 | Flood | DR-443-IA |
| May 23, 1973 | Flood | DR-386-IA |
| Apr 25, 1969 | Flood | DR-259-IA |
| Aug 4, 1968 | Flood | DR-248-IA |
| Apr 22, 1965 | Flood | DR-193-IA |
This product uses the Federal Emergency Management Agency's OpenFEMA API, but is not endorsed by FEMA. The Federal Government or FEMA cannot vouch for the data or analyses derived from these data after the data have been retrieved from the Agency's website(s).
OpenFEMA Disaster Declarations Summaries, retrieved October 30, 2026. Statewide declarations are not listed.
Sources and vintage
Every number on this page comes from these public records.
- Tornadoes NOAA Storm Prediction Center severe weather database, through 2025.
- Tropical cyclones NOAA National Hurricane Center HURDAT2 (Atlantic; Northeast and Central Pacific), through 2025.
- Wildfire USGS/USFS Monitoring Trends in Burn Severity, through 2026.
- Storm events NOAA NCEI Storm Events Database, through 2026.
- Flood insurance OpenFEMA NFIP Redacted Claims v3, refreshed August 4, 2026.
- Declarations OpenFEMA Disaster Declarations Summaries v2, retrieved October 30, 2026.
- Weather records NOAA NCEI Global Historical Climatology Network Daily, station USC00131635.
- River crests NOAA National Weather Service, National Water Prediction Service river gauges, retrieved October 30, 2026.
- Drought NOAA NCEI nClimDiv county Palmer Drought Severity Index, through September 2026.
- Smoke NOAA NESDIS Hazard Mapping System smoke analysis, retrieved October 30, 2026.
- Earthquakes USGS ANSS Comprehensive Earthquake Catalog (ComCat), retrieved October 30, 2026.
Joins, thresholds and known limits are set out in the methodology. Found an error? Report it. Page built October 30, 2026.