Sandpoint

Population 10,645 (2025)

5 tornadoes have tracked within 25 miles of Sandpoint since 1950, 0 of them rated EF3 or F3 or stronger; the most recent was on June 25, 2004.

Hazard fingerprint for Sandpoint Tornado: 6th percentile. Tropical: 0th percentile. Wildfire: 52th percentile. Flood: 14th percentile. Hail & wind: 8th percentile. Heat: 4th percentile. Cold: 28th percentile. Winter: 99th percentile. TORTROPFIREFLOODSEVEREHEATCOLDWINTER

Hazard fingerprint Each spoke is this county’s percentile among U.S. counties where that hazard occurs. How it is computed

2026
  • Tornado damage paths within 25 miles since 19505
  • Wildfire burn scars within 25 miles since 198410

At a glance

Tornado paths within 25 miles, tropical cyclone tracks within 100 miles and wildfire perimeters within 25 miles of the city centre. Storm events, flood insurance claims and disaster declarations are for Bonner County. Earthquakes within 50 miles, volcanoes within 100 miles and smoke days are measured from the city centre; river and tide gauges, tsunami and landslide records and the drought index are for Bonner County.

Large wildfires within 25 mi

10

Largest: Cougar, 2018

Details

Flood insurance claims

40

Bonner County

$156,000 paid since 1979

Details

Tornadoes since 1950, within 25 mi

5

0 rated F3/EF3 or stronger

Details

Strongest tornado

F2

May 31, 1997, 5.0 mile path

Federal disaster declarations

18

Most recent: Severe Storms, Straight-Line Winds, Flooding, Landslides, and Mudslides, 2026

Details

Record high

106°F

June 30, 2021

Details

Record low

−37°F

December 30, 1968

Details

Snowiest season

181.5in

Winter of 1915-16

Tornadoes

About one every 15 years since 1950, none rated F3/EF3 or stronger.

Strongest

May 31, 1997

F2, 5.0 mile path

50 yards wide.

Most recent

Friday, June 25, 2004

F0, 4.0 mile path

22 years ago.

Tornadoes by decade, within 25 miles Doppler radar era² 1950s: 0 1960s: 0 1970s: 1 1 1980s: 0 1990s: 3 3 2000s: 1 1 2010s: 0 2020s: 0 1950s1960s1970s1980s1990s2000s2010s2020s
Recorded tornadoes per decade. The 2020s are incomplete.
Tornadoes by month J: 0 F: 0 M: 0 A: 1 M: 2 2 J: 1 J: 0 A: 1 S: 0 O: 0 N: 0 D: 0 JFMAMJJASOND
By month of occurrence, all years.

Every recorded tornado

Tornadoes within 25 miles since 1950
Jun 25, 2004F04.0000
May 31, 1997F25.05000
May 29, 1994F10.12000
Apr 9, 1991F21.010000
Aug 19, 1978F11.920010
  1. Injuries and deaths are for the tornado’s whole path, which may extend beyond this area.
  2. Weak tornadoes were under-recorded before Doppler radar coverage became national in the early 1990s, so earlier decades read low. Ratings use the Fujita scale before February 2007 and the Enhanced Fujita scale after.

Storm Prediction Center severe weather database, 1950 to 2025.

Hurricanes and tropical storms

No tropical storm or hurricane has tracked within 100 miles since records began in 1851.

Wildfire and smoke

10 large fires burned within 25 miles since 1984.

Largest

July 28, 2018

Cougar Fire, 8,705 acres

16.4 miles from the city centre.

Most recent

July 10, 2021

Trestle Creek Complex

7,285 acres in total.

Acres burned by large fires within 25 miles, cumulative 1991: 1,9961994: 2,6732015: 4,1852018: 12,4482020: 2,8612021: 11,483 35,646 acres 198519901995200020052010201520202025
Running total of acres burned (line) and each year’s acres (bars).

Every large fire

Large wildfires since 1984
Trestle Creek Complex202113.57,285
Burnt Peak202123.94,198
Bernard202022.71,455
Callahan202022.81,406
Cougar201816.48,705
Surprise Creek201824.73,743
Scotchman Peak201523.32,680
Cape Horn201518.51,505
Cabinet Complex (Smith Peak)199421.32,673
Kilroy Bay199113.31,996
  1. Large fires mapped by the Monitoring Trends in Burn Severity program since 1984: 1,000 acres or more in the West, 500 or more in the East. Prescribed burns are excluded. Acres here are the part of each perimeter inside this place.

Monitoring Trends in Burn Severity (USGS and U.S. Forest Service), 1984 to 2026.

Smoke overhead

Smokiest year

2021: 49 days

Heavy smoke on 28 days in 2021, the most of any year.

Last 10 years

27.1 days a year

Medium or heavy smoke, 2016 to 2025.

2025

22 days

Medium or heavy smoke. 44 so far in 2026.

Days with medium or heavy smoke overhead, by year 2011: 4 2012: 11 2013: 10 2014: 13 2015: 25 2016: 3 2017: 29 2018: 33 2019: 11 2020: 18 2021: 49 49 2022: 25 2023: 41 2024: 40 2025: 22 201120122013201420152016201720182019202020212022202320242025
Days each year on which a satellite-traced plume of medium or heavy smoke covered the city centre, 2011 to 2025.
  1. A smoke day is a date on which a smoke plume traced by NOAA Hazard Mapping System analysts from satellite imagery covered this place's point (the county's population centre or the city centre). Counts here are of medium or heavy smoke. Since 2018 analysts have often drawn light smoke as one area over most of the continent, so light-smoke counts are not comparable from year to year. The plumes show smoke anywhere in the air above, not air quality at the ground, and smoke hidden by cloud is missed.

NOAA Hazard Mapping System smoke analysis, 2011 to 2026, retrieved October 30, 2026.

Floods and flood insurance

40 federal flood insurance claims since 1979, with $156,000 paid.

Flood insurance figures are for Bonner County, the county that contains Sandpoint.

Federal flood insurance claims by year 1997: 12 12 1997
Claims per year since 1979. Years with fewer than five claims are not shown.

Most claims in one year

1997: 12 claims

$68,000 paid.

Claims by ZIP code

Flood insurance claims by ZIP code
8386421$87,000
838608$34,000

Flood events since 1996

  • Flood27
  • Heavy Rain4
  • Flash Flood1

This product uses the Federal Emergency Management Agency's OpenFEMA API, but is not endorsed by FEMA. The Federal Government or FEMA cannot vouch for the data or analyses derived from these data after the data have been retrieved from the Agency's website(s).

OpenFEMA NFIP Redacted Claims v3, refreshed August 4, 2026. NOAA Storm Events through 2026.

River crests

River gauges in Bonner County, the county that contains Sandpoint.

Most severe crest

June 1, 1894

Lake Pend Oreille at Hope, 2,075.88 ft

12.38 feet above the 2,063.5 ft flood stage; major flooding by today’s categories.

Most recent moderate or major crest

June 10, 1950

Lake Pend Oreille at Hope, 2,067.11 ft

Moderate flooding.

Highest river crests above flood stage
Jun 1, 1894Lake Pend Oreille at Hope2,075.88+12.38Major
Jun 9, 1948Lake Pend Oreille at Hope2,071.62+8.12Major
Jun 20, 1933Lake Pend Oreille at Hope2,068.76+5.26Moderate
Jun 10, 1950Lake Pend Oreille at Hope2,067.11+3.61Moderate
Jun 5, 1997Lake Pend Oreille at Hope2,065.74+2.24Minor
Jun 12, 1972Lake Pend Oreille at Hope2,065.70+2.20Minor
Jun 23, 1974Lake Pend Oreille at Hope2,065.47+1.97Minor
Jun 17, 2011Lake Pend Oreille at Hope2,064.29+0.79Minor
May 30, 2018Lake Pend Oreille at Hope2,064.20+0.70Minor
Sep 5, 2015Lake Pend Oreille at Hope2,062.49−1.01Below flood stage
Jul 8, 2014Lake Pend Oreille at Hope2,062.48−1.02Below flood stage
Jul 29, 2016Lake Pend Oreille at Hope2,062.48−1.02Below flood stage
Jun 19, 2021Lake Pend Oreille at Hope2,062.46−1.04Below flood stage
Jul 18, 2020Lake Pend Oreille at Hope2,062.45−1.05Below flood stage
Aug 2, 2013Lake Pend Oreille at Hope2,062.45−1.05Below flood stage
Jun 16, 2019Lake Pend Oreille at Hope2,062.44−1.06Below flood stage
Jul 19, 2017Lake Pend Oreille at Hope2,062.44−1.06Below flood stage
Jul 12, 2022Lake Pend Oreille at Hope2,062.40−1.10Below flood stage
Jul 11, 2023Lake Pend Oreille at Hope2,062.39−1.11Below flood stage
Aug 7, 2012Lake Pend Oreille at Hope2,062.38−1.12Below flood stage
Aug 16, 2024Lake Pend Oreille at Hope2,062.22−1.28Below flood stage

River gauges

River gauges and their highest listed crests
Lake Pend Oreille at Hope2,063.52,075.88 ftJun 1, 18942
  1. Crests are the highest and the recent crests the National Weather Service lists for each river gauge in the county that has a flood stage, not every flood. Flood categories use each gauge's current flood stages; crests from before levees, dams or channel changes may not be comparable. Crests measured on an old datum are left out of the rankings.

NOAA National Water Prediction Service gauge records, retrieved October 30, 2026.

Drought

In severe drought or worse for 147 of 1,581 months since 1895 (9%); the longest spell lasted 27 months.

The drought index is for Bonner County, the county that contains Sandpoint.

147

Months in severe drought or worse since 1895

39

Months in extreme drought

9%

Share of all months, severe or worse

Lowest reading

November 1929

−5.45, extreme drought

Longest severe spell

27 months

December 1928 to February 1931.

Latest month

September 2026

−2.73, moderate drought

Last severe month: August 2026.

Months in severe drought or worse, by year 1895: 0 1896: 0 1897: 0 1898: 0 1899: 0 1900: 0 1901: 0 1902: 0 1903: 0 1904: 0 1905: 3 1906: 0 1907: 0 1908: 0 1909: 0 1910: 0 1911: 1 1912: 0 1913: 0 1914: 0 1915: 1 1916: 0 1917: 1 1918: 0 1919: 1 1920: 3 1921: 0 1922: 7 1923: 0 1924: 6 1925: 3 1926: 6 1927: 0 1928: 1 1929: 12 12 1930: 12 1931: 7 1932: 0 1933: 0 1934: 2 1935: 1 1936: 7 1937: 1 1938: 2 1939: 9 1940: 2 1941: 2 1942: 0 1943: 0 1944: 3 1945: 2 1946: 0 1947: 0 1948: 0 1949: 0 1950: 0 1951: 0 1952: 2 1953: 0 1954: 0 1955: 0 1956: 0 1957: 0 1958: 0 1959: 0 1960: 0 1961: 0 1962: 0 1963: 0 1964: 0 1965: 0 1966: 0 1967: 0 1968: 0 1969: 0 1970: 0 1971: 0 1972: 0 1973: 2 1974: 0 1975: 0 1976: 0 1977: 7 1978: 0 1979: 1 1980: 0 1981: 0 1982: 0 1983: 0 1984: 0 1985: 0 1986: 0 1987: 0 1988: 1 1989: 0 1990: 0 1991: 0 1992: 4 1993: 0 1994: 0 1995: 0 1996: 0 1997: 0 1998: 0 1999: 0 2000: 0 2001: 4 2002: 0 2003: 0 2004: 0 2005: 0 2006: 0 2007: 0 2008: 0 2009: 0 2010: 0 2011: 0 2012: 0 2013: 0 2014: 0 2015: 5 2016: 0 2017: 0 2018: 0 2019: 9 2020: 0 2021: 7 2022: 1 2023: 3 2024: 0 2025: 5 18951905191519251935194519551965197519851995200520152025
Months each year with a Palmer index of −3 or lower, 1895 to 2025. Twelve means the whole year.
  1. The Palmer Drought Severity Index is computed by NOAA each month from the county's average temperature and precipitation, relative to the county's own climate. Zero is normal; -3 or lower is severe drought and -4 or lower extreme drought. It describes the long-term balance of moisture, not water supply or crop losses.

NOAA NCEI nClimDiv county Palmer Drought Severity Index, 1895 to September 2026, issued October 6, 2026.

Earthquakes and landslides

27 earthquakes of magnitude 2.5 or more within 50 miles since 1984; none reached magnitude 4.

12

Magnitude 3+ within 50 miles since 1973

0

Magnitude 4+ within 50 miles since 1900

0

Magnitude 5+ within 50 miles since 1900

Largest within 50 miles

April 23, 2015

Magnitude 3.9

8 km WSW of Hope, Idaho; 8.1 miles away, 10.3 miles deep.

Most recent, magnitude 3 or more

November 23, 2015

Magnitude 3.7

12 km SSW of Clark Fork, Idaho; 22.2 miles away.

Earthquakes of magnitude 3 or more within 50 miles, by year 1973: 0 1974: 0 1975: 0 1976: 0 1977: 0 1978: 0 1979: 0 1980: 0 1981: 0 1982: 0 1983: 0 1984: 1 1985: 0 1986: 0 1987: 0 1988: 1 1989: 0 1990: 0 1991: 0 1992: 0 1993: 0 1994: 0 1995: 0 1996: 0 1997: 1 1998: 0 1999: 0 2000: 1 2001: 0 2002: 0 2003: 1 2004: 0 2005: 0 2006: 0 2007: 0 2008: 0 2009: 0 2010: 0 2011: 0 2012: 2 2013: 0 2014: 0 2015: 5 5 2016: 0 2017: 0 2018: 0 2019: 0 2020: 0 2021: 0 2022: 0 2023: 0 2024: 0 2025: 0 19731978198319881993199820032008201320182023
Per year, 1973 to 2025.
  1. Earthquakes of magnitude 2.5 or more in the USGS Comprehensive Catalog since 1900. Within 50 miles means the epicentre lies within 50 miles of the city centre.
  2. Small earthquakes were under-recorded before the modern seismic networks of the 1970s and are still missed in remote areas, so early decades read low. Magnitudes are as the catalogue reports them and mix scales (moment, local and body-wave).

USGS ANSS Comprehensive Earthquake Catalog, 1900 to present, retrieved October 30, 2026.

Mapped landslides

Landslides mapped in Bonner County.

49

Landslides mapped, probable or better

9

With a recorded date

3

Source inventories

Mapped by ID GS (39), NASA (9), USGS Conterminous (1).

  1. Landslides mapped in the USGS compilation of landslide inventories across the United States (version 3.0, 2025), rated probable or better. The compilation joins inventories made by federal and state agencies for different purposes and areas, so the number mapped in a county reflects how closely it has been surveyed as much as how often its slopes fail. An area with few records may simply not have been mapped. Deaths are as recorded in the inventories; a slide listed in two inventories is counted once.

USGS Landslide Inventories across the United States, version 3.0, retrieved October 27, 2026.

Severe weather and other events

750 events in the National Weather Service record for Bonner County, 732 of them since 1996.

19

Hail reports, 1 inch or larger

0

Hail, 2 inches or larger

38

Damaging gusts, 58 mph+

527

Winter weather events since 1996

1

Heat events since 1996

5

Cold events since 1996

Largest hail

July 24, 1983

1.75 inches

Strongest measured or estimated gust

August 12, 1989

75 mph

More event types since 1996

Other Storm Events types since 1996
Lightning204Jun 29, 2013
Dense fog and smoke400Sep 12, 2020
Debris flows1000Jan 7, 2023
Avalanches234Mar 1, 2024

Costliest events since 1996

  1. Sep 1, 2025Wildfire, Northern Panhandle$17.8 million
    National Weather Service narrative

    Sunset Wildfire started on August 13 by unknown human cause. It was located 26 miles North of Coeur d'Alene. It burned 3183 acres of timber. Three structures were lost. It contained on September 2. Cost is estimated.

  2. Aug 13, 2025Wildfire, Northern Panhandle$17.8 million
    National Weather Service narrative

    Sunset Wildfire started on August 13 by unknown human cause. It was located 26 miles North of Coeur d'Alene. It burned 3183 acres of timber. Three structures were lost. It continued into September. Cost is estimated.

  3. Jul 8, 2026Wildfire, Northern Panhandle$15.0 million
    National Weather Service narrative

    Upper Smith Wildfire was discovered around 0729 PST on July 8. It was started by lightning. It is located 7 miles west of Copeland. It burned 4800 acres of timber. It continued through the end of July. Cost is estimated.

  4. Oct 1, 2022Wildfire, Northern Panhandle$15.0 million
    National Weather Service narrative

    The Kootenai River Complex consists of the Eneas Peak, Katka, Russell Mountain, Scotch Creek, and Trout Fires. They have combined to burn 25401 acres.

  5. Aug 1, 2023Wildfire, Northern Panhandle$9.2 million
    National Weather Service narrative

    Consalus fire started on June 30 by lightning. It continued until August 30. It has burned 475 acres of timber.

  6. Jul 1, 2023Wildfire, Northern Panhandle$9.2 million
    National Weather Service narrative

    Consalus fire started on June 30 by lightning. It continued through the month of July. It has burned 475 acres of timber.

  7. Jun 30, 2023Wildfire, Northern Panhandle$9.2 million
    National Weather Service narrative

    Consalus fire started on June 30 by lightning. It continued through the end of the June. It has burned 475 acres of timber.

  8. Aug 1, 2018Wildfire, Northern Panhandle$5.1 million
    National Weather Service narrative

    The Cougar Wildfire near Hope Idaho is believed to have been started by lightning on July 28th. The fire grew and eventually burned 7,866 acres of timber. No structures of homes were lost or threatened. The cost of the firefighting resources required to contain the fire was calculated at 5.1 million dollars.

  9. Aug 5, 2023Wildfire, Northern Panhandle$5.0 million
    National Weather Service narrative

    Buckskin 2 Wildfire was started by unknown causes near the upper end of Twin Creek and Buckskin Saddle. It burned 242 acres of Timber.

  10. Jun 1, 1997Flood, Northern Panhandle$4.0 million
    National Weather Service narrative

    Rivers and streams in Idaho's panhandle region began flooding in May from heavy spring snow melt. Flooding along several of these rivers continued well into the month of June, with the Pend Oreille, St. Joe and Kootenai Rivers flooding roads and a few homes. Total damage from the entire May through June flood event was estimated at 4 million dollars, with most of the serious property damage occurring in the month of May when the floods reached their peak.

  1. Storm Events records before 1996 cover only tornadoes, thunderstorm wind and hail. Damage figures are as reported by the National Weather Service at the time, not adjusted for inflation.

NOAA NCEI Storm Events Database, 1950 to 2026, issued October 26, 2026.

Weather records

From Sandpoint Experiment Station, 0.9 miles from the city centre, with records from 1910.

All-time high
106°FJun 30, 2021
All-time low
−37°FDec 30, 1968
Warmest night
72°FJun 29, 2015
Coldest day
−5°F3 times, most recently Jan 13, 2024
Wettest day
3.00 inNov 10, 2020
Snowiest day
19.0 inDec 9, 1922
Hottest year
1998mean 48.4°F
Coldest year
1916mean 41.7°F
Wettest year
201247.25 in
Driest year
20226.95 in
Snowiest season
181.5 in1915-16
Average monthly high and low temperature and precipitation, last 30 years, Sandpoint Experiment Station 32°F 34° 23° 3.5 Jan 38° 23° 2.6 Feb 47° 28° 2.8 Mar 56° 34° 1.9 Apr 66° 42° 2.2 May 73° 48° 1.9 Jun 84° 52° 0.6 Jul 83° 50° 0.8 Aug 72° 43° 1.3 Sep 57° 34° 2.3 Oct 43° 29° 4.1 Nov 34° 23° 4.2 Dec Precipitation, inches
Average daily high and low by month, and average monthly precipitation, over the last 30 years.
Nights at or below freezing per year 1974: 156 1975: 152 1976: 172 1977: 163 1978: 167 1980: 153 1981: 157 1984: 152 1985: 180 180 1986: 156 1987: 155 1988: 148 1989: 156 1990: 150 1991: 147 1992: 156 1993: 153 1994: 157 1995: 134 1996: 157 1997: 149 1998: 127 1999: 167 2000: 172 2001: 158 2002: 164 2003: 149 2006: 145 2007: 138 2012: 146 2013: 175 2014: 139 2018: 152 2019: 158 2021: 148 2022: 155 2023: 145 1974198719972013
Nights at or below freezing each complete year, last 50 years. Thirty-year average: 151.8.
Snowfall by winter 1974: 110.0 in 1975: 69.8 in 1976: 31.5 in 1977: 81.0 in 1978: 62.5 in 1979: 63.0 in 1980: 34.6 in 1981: 72.0 in 1982: 58.3 in 1983: 35.8 in 1984: 65.8 in 1985: 50.6 in 1987: 23.4 in 1989: 79.6 in 1990: 55.9 in 1991: 27.6 in 1992: 80.7 in 1993: 32.3 in 1994: 44.2 in 1995: 25.7 in 1996: 149.8 in 149.8 1997: 33.3 in 1998: 51.7 in 1999: 73.3 in 2000: 51.6 in 2001: 76.9 in 2002: 41.3 in 2003: 76.1 in 2004: 17.6 in 2005: 29.7 in 2006: 45.1 in 2007: 122.8 in 2011: 70.3 in 2012: 48.8 in 2013: 44.7 in 2018: 62.0 in 2021: 34.3 in 2022: 22.5 in 2023: 28.4 in 1974198419962006
Total snowfall each winter (July to June), last 50 winters.

Median first snow

November 15

Earliest: October 15, 1930

Median last snow

March 23

Latest: May 1, 1923

0 of 102 winters had no measurable snow.

Station Sandpoint Experiment Station (USC00108137), 2,126 ft elevation, 0.9 miles from the city centre. Daily records from 1910 to October 16, 2026; 85.5% of days in the last 30 years are complete. Records at a single station can differ from a city’s official threaded record, which may combine several stations.

NOAA NCEI Global Historical Climatology Network Daily.

Federal disaster declarations

18 since 1953. The most recent: Severe Storms, Straight-Line Winds, Flooding, Landslides, and Mudslides, June 30, 2026.

Declarations for Bonner County.

Federal disaster declarations
Jun 30, 2026Severe StormSevere Storms, Straight-Line Winds, Flooding, Landslides, and MudslidesMajor disasterDR-4917-ID
Apr 7, 2026Straight-Line WindsStraight-Line WindsMajor disasterDR-4905-ID
Aug 15, 2025FireSunset FireFire managementFM-5607-ID
Mar 4, 2021Severe StormStraight-Line WindsMajor disasterDR-4589-ID
Apr 9, 2020BiologicalCovid-19 PandemicMajor disasterDR-4534-ID
Mar 13, 2020BiologicalCovid-19EmergencyEM-3467-ID
May 18, 2017FloodSevere Storms, Flooding, Landslides, and MudslidesMajor disasterDR-4313-ID
Feb 1, 2016Severe StormSevere Winter StormsMajor disasterDR-4252-ID
Dec 23, 2015Severe StormSevere Storm and Straight-Line WindMajor disasterDR-4246-ID
Jul 6, 2015FireCape Horn FireFire managementFM-5088-ID
May 20, 2011FloodFlooding, Landslides, and MudslidesMajor disasterDR-1987-ID
Sep 13, 2005HurricaneHurricane KatrinaEmergencyEM-3244-ID
Jun 13, 1997Severe StormSevere Storms, Snowmelt, Land/Mud Slides, FloodingMajor disasterDR-1177-ID
Jan 4, 1997Severe StormSevere Storms, Flooding, Mud and LandslidesMajor disasterDR-1154-ID
Feb 11, 1996Severe StormSevere Storms and FloodingMajor disasterDR-1102-ID
May 22, 1980Volcanic EruptionVolcanic Eruption, Mt. St. HelensMajor disasterDR-624-ID
Jan 25, 1974FloodSevere Storms, Snowmelt & FloodingMajor disasterDR-415-ID
Aug 30, 1967FireForest FiresMajor disasterDR-231-ID

This product uses the Federal Emergency Management Agency's OpenFEMA API, but is not endorsed by FEMA. The Federal Government or FEMA cannot vouch for the data or analyses derived from these data after the data have been retrieved from the Agency's website(s).

OpenFEMA Disaster Declarations Summaries, retrieved October 30, 2026. Statewide declarations are not listed.

Sources and vintage

Every number on this page comes from these public records.

  • Tornadoes NOAA Storm Prediction Center severe weather database, through 2025.
  • Tropical cyclones NOAA National Hurricane Center HURDAT2 (Atlantic; Northeast and Central Pacific), through 2025.
  • Wildfire USGS/USFS Monitoring Trends in Burn Severity, through 2026.
  • Storm events NOAA NCEI Storm Events Database, through 2026.
  • Flood insurance OpenFEMA NFIP Redacted Claims v3, refreshed August 4, 2026.
  • Declarations OpenFEMA Disaster Declarations Summaries v2, retrieved October 30, 2026.
  • Weather records NOAA NCEI Global Historical Climatology Network Daily, station USC00108137.
  • River crests NOAA National Weather Service, National Water Prediction Service river gauges, retrieved October 30, 2026.
  • Drought NOAA NCEI nClimDiv county Palmer Drought Severity Index, through September 2026.
  • Smoke NOAA NESDIS Hazard Mapping System smoke analysis, retrieved October 30, 2026.
  • Landslides USGS Landslide Inventories across the United States, version 3.0 (2025).
  • Earthquakes USGS ANSS Comprehensive Earthquake Catalog (ComCat), retrieved October 30, 2026.

Joins, thresholds and known limits are set out in the methodology. Found an error? Report it. Page built October 30, 2026.