Auburn Hills
Population 25,925 (2025)
83 tornadoes have tracked within 25 miles of Auburn Hills since 1950, 9 of them rated EF3 or F3 or stronger; the most recent was on June 18, 2025.
Hazard fingerprint Each spoke is this county’s percentile among U.S. counties where that hazard occurs. How it is computed
- Tornado damage paths within 25 miles since 195083
- Tropical cyclone tracks within 100 miles since 1851, wider where stronger1
- Major flood years since 1978, Oakland County6
At a glance
Tornado paths within 25 miles, tropical cyclone tracks within 100 miles and wildfire perimeters within 25 miles of the city centre. Storm events, flood insurance claims and disaster declarations are for Oakland County. Earthquakes within 50 miles, volcanoes within 100 miles and smoke days are measured from the city centre; river and tide gauges, tsunami and landslide records and the drought index are for Oakland County.
Strongest tornado
F4
July 4, 1957, 29.9 mile path
Snowiest season
72.0in
Winter of 2011-12
Tornadoes
About one tornado a year since 1950, 9 of them rated F3/EF3 or stronger.
Strongest
July 4, 1957
F4, 29.9 mile path
50 yards wide.
Deadliest
May 8, 1964
11 killed, F4
224 injured along the whole path.
Most recent
Wednesday, June 18, 2025
EF0, 2.4 mile path
Within the past year.
Every recorded tornado
| Jun 18, 2025 | EF0 | 2.4 | 0 | 0 |
| May 15, 2025 | EF0 | 1.2 | 0 | 0 |
| Nov 10, 2024 | EF0 | 1.2 | 0 | 0 |
| Jun 5, 2024 | EF1 | 5.8 | 2 | 1 |
| Feb 28, 2024 | EF2 | 5.7 | 0 | 0 |
| Jul 11, 2022 | EF0 | 7.4 | 0 | 0 |
| Oct 3, 2021 | EF0 | 0.8 | 0 | 0 |
| Jul 24, 2021 | EF1 | 1.6 | 0 | 0 |
| Jul 24, 2021 | EF1 | 3.5 | 0 | 0 |
| Dec 23, 2015 | EF1 | 2.0 | 0 | 0 |
| Sep 21, 2014 | EF1 | 1.2 | 0 | 0 |
| Aug 20, 2014 | EF0 | 0.3 | 0 | 0 |
| May 28, 2013 | EF2 | 4.6 | 0 | 0 |
| Aug 19, 2010 | EF0 | 5.0 | 0 | 0 |
| Aug 19, 2010 | EF1 | 2.5 | 0 | 0 |
| Sep 13, 2008 | EF2 | 2.6 | 0 | 0 |
| Aug 24, 2007 | EF1 | 3.2 | 0 | 0 |
| Aug 24, 2007 | EF0 | 2.5 | 0 | 0 |
| Aug 24, 2007 | EF2 | 23.5 | 1 | 0 |
| May 5, 2003 | F1 | 1.0 | 0 | 0 |
| Jul 28, 2002 | F0 | 0.1 | 0 | 0 |
| Oct 24, 2001 | F1 | 14.0 | 0 | 0 |
| May 21, 2001 | F0 | 7.3 | 0 | 0 |
| May 21, 2001 | F0 | 1.0 | 0 | 0 |
| Jul 2, 1997 | F0 | 0.7 | 6 | 0 |
| Jul 2, 1997 | F2 | 5.0 | 90 | 0 |
| Jul 2, 1997 | F1 | 0.3 | 0 | 1 |
| Jun 12, 1996 | F0 | 0.2 | 0 | 0 |
| Jun 20, 1993 | F0 | 0.1 | 0 | 0 |
| Jul 7, 1991 | F2 | 2.5 | 0 | 0 |
| Sep 14, 1990 | F1 | 1.0 | 0 | 0 |
| Sep 14, 1990 | F3 | 24.0 | 0 | 0 |
| Jul 18, 1990 | F1 | 1.0 | 0 | 0 |
| Jun 30, 1990 | F1 | 0.5 | 0 | 0 |
| Aug 17, 1988 | F1 | 1.0 | 0 | 0 |
| Aug 5, 1988 | F0 | 0.5 | 0 | 0 |
| Jul 22, 1988 | F0 | 0.2 | 0 | 0 |
| Apr 3, 1988 | F1 | 1.2 | 0 | 0 |
| Apr 3, 1988 | F1 | 1.0 | 0 | 0 |
| Jul 20, 1987 | F0 | 0.1 | 0 | 0 |
| Jun 21, 1987 | F2 | 0.3 | 6 | 1 |
| May 14, 1987 | F1 | 0.2 | 8 | 0 |
| Sep 29, 1986 | F1 | 1.3 | 0 | 0 |
| Sep 28, 1986 | F0 | 0.2 | 0 | 0 |
| Sep 26, 1986 | F0 | 0.1 | 0 | 0 |
| Sep 10, 1986 | F2 | 7.7 | 0 | 0 |
| Aug 2, 1986 | F1 | 0.7 | 0 | 0 |
| Apr 4, 1985 | F1 | 2.3 | 6 | 0 |
| Aug 30, 1984 | F2 | 5.6 | 4 | 0 |
| Jun 26, 1983 | F1 | 20.0 | 0 | 0 |
| May 19, 1983 | F2 | 1.8 | 0 | 0 |
| May 2, 1983 | F3 | 23.0 | 3 | 0 |
| May 19, 1982 | F0 | 0.2 | 0 | 0 |
| Oct 5, 1978 | F1 | 0.5 | 0 | 0 |
| Jul 7, 1976 | F1 | 0.3 | 1 | 0 |
| May 2, 1976 | F1 | 1.7 | 0 | 0 |
| Mar 20, 1976 | F3 | 17.1 | 3 | 1 |
| Mar 20, 1976 | F4 | 3.8 | 55 | 1 |
| Aug 21, 1975 | F0 | 0.1 | 0 | 0 |
| Jun 4, 1975 | F0 | 0.1 | 0 | 0 |
| Jun 2, 1975 | F0 | 0.1 | 0 | 0 |
| Apr 18, 1975 | F1 | 3.6 | 2 | 0 |
| Jul 14, 1974 | F1 | 0.1 | 0 | 0 |
| Jul 14, 1974 | F1 | 0.3 | 0 | 0 |
| Jul 14, 1974 | F2 | 1.5 | 0 | 0 |
| Jul 14, 1974 | F1 | 0.1 | 0 | 0 |
| Jun 15, 1974 | F2 | 2.0 | 0 | 0 |
| Jun 26, 1973 | F2 | 0.1 | 0 | 0 |
| Aug 2, 1972 | F3 | 0.1 | 0 | 0 |
| Jun 2, 1971 | F1 | 57.9 | 3 | 0 |
| Apr 23, 1968 | F0 | 0.1 | 1 | 0 |
| May 8, 1964 | F4 | 3.3 | 224 | 11 |
| May 8, 1964 | F2 | 0.1 | 1 | 0 |
| Nov 20, 1957 | F3 | 1.5 | 12 | 1 |
| Jul 4, 1957 | F4 | 29.9 | 6 | 0 |
| Apr 27, 1957 | F0 | 0.1 | 0 | 0 |
| May 12, 1956 | F2 | 7.4 | 5 | 0 |
| May 12, 1956 | F2 | 7.8 | 5 | 0 |
| May 12, 1956 | F0 | 11.7 | 0 | 0 |
| Jul 15, 1955 | F1 | 0.1 | 0 | 0 |
| May 31, 1954 | F1 | 1.8 | 0 | 0 |
| Jun 8, 1953 | F3 | 9.1 | 11 | 0 |
| Jun 5, 1953 | F0 | 1.0 | 0 | 0 |
- Injuries and deaths are for the tornado’s whole path, which may extend beyond this area.
- Weak tornadoes were under-recorded before Doppler radar coverage became national in the early 1990s, so earlier decades read low. Ratings use the Fujita scale before February 2007 and the Enhanced Fujita scale after.
Storm Prediction Center severe weather database, 1950 to 2025.
Hurricanes and tropical storms
1 tropical cyclone passed within 100 miles since 1851, none within 50.
Most recent
September 14, 2008
Ike, Post-tropical
27.1 miles at closest approach.
Every storm within 100 miles
- Tropical storms and hurricanes (34 kt or more, still tropical) at closest approach. Post-tropical remnants with gale-force winds are listed but not counted. Direct: track within 50 miles; near: within 100 miles. Distance is measured to the county boundary for counties and to the city centre for cities, using positions interpolated hourly between HURDAT2 fixes.
National Hurricane Center HURDAT2, 1851 to 2025.
Wildfire and smoke
No large wildfire has been mapped within 25 miles since satellite mapping began in 1984.
Smoke overhead
Smokiest year
2023: 75 days
Heavy smoke on 17 days in 2023, the most of any year.
Last 10 years
23.2 days a year
Medium or heavy smoke, 2016 to 2025.
2025
25 days
Medium or heavy smoke. 34 so far in 2026.
- A smoke day is a date on which a smoke plume traced by NOAA Hazard Mapping System analysts from satellite imagery covered this place's point (the county's population centre or the city centre). Counts here are of medium or heavy smoke. Since 2018 analysts have often drawn light smoke as one area over most of the continent, so light-smoke counts are not comparable from year to year. The plumes show smoke anywhere in the air above, not air quality at the ground, and smoke hidden by cloud is missed.
NOAA Hazard Mapping System smoke analysis, 2011 to 2026, retrieved October 30, 2026.
Floods and flood insurance
582 federal flood insurance claims since 1978, with $5.5 million paid.
Flood insurance figures are for Oakland County, the county that contains Auburn Hills.
Most claims in one year
1981: 60 claims
$175,000 paid.
2nd most
2014: 44 claims
$344,000 paid.
3rd most
1989: 35 claims
$152,000 paid.
Claims by ZIP code
| 48334 | 91 | $1.8 million |
| 48336 | 40 | $201,000 |
| 48083 | 34 | $122,000 |
| 48323 | 26 | $119,000 |
| 48009 | 22 | $65,000 |
| 48328 | 20 | $425,000 |
| 48067 | 20 | $548,000 |
| 48075 | 17 | $23,000 |
| 48322 | 17 | $17,000 |
| 48304 | 16 | $561,000 |
| 48076 | 16 | $19,000 |
| 48237 | 14 | $34,000 |
| 48085 | 13 | $29,000 |
| 48331 | 11 | $26,000 |
| 48033 | 11 | $7,666 |
| 48382 | 10 | $23,000 |
| 48302 | 10 | $45,000 |
| 48301 | 10 | $14,000 |
| 48329 | 10 | $14,000 |
| 48335 | 10 | $224,000 |
| 48025 | 9 | $61,000 |
| 48386 | 9 | $14,000 |
| 48320 | 8 | $36,000 |
| 48034 | 8 | $1,841 |
| 48346 | 8 | $13,000 |
| 48073 | 7 | $23,000 |
| 48327 | 7 | $6,667 |
| 48098 | 6 | $5,460 |
| 48054 | 6 | $11,000 |
| 48167 | 6 | $133,000 |
| 48442 | 6 | $74,000 |
| 48326 | 5 | $102,000 |
| 48324 | 5 | $132,000 |
| 48341 | 5 | $9,873 |
Flood events since 1996
- Flash Flood24
- Flood13
- Heavy Rain3
1 death recorded in flood events since 1996.
This product uses the Federal Emergency Management Agency's OpenFEMA API, but is not endorsed by FEMA. The Federal Government or FEMA cannot vouch for the data or analyses derived from these data after the data have been retrieved from the Agency's website(s).
OpenFEMA NFIP Redacted Claims v3, refreshed August 4, 2026. NOAA Storm Events through 2026.
River crests
River gauges in Oakland County, the county that contains Auburn Hills.
Most severe crest
June 26, 1968
Rouge River at Southfield, 19.04 ft
7.04 feet above the 12.0 ft flood stage; major flooding by today’s categories.
Most recent moderate or major crest
January 11, 2020
Rouge River at Birmingham, 6.06 ft
Moderate flooding.
River gauges
| Rouge River at Birmingham | 5.5 | 8.70 ft | 1 |
| Rouge River at Southfield | 12.0 | 19.04 ft | 1 |
- Crests are the highest and the recent crests the National Weather Service lists for each river gauge in the county that has a flood stage, not every flood. Flood categories use each gauge's current flood stages; crests from before levees, dams or channel changes may not be comparable. Crests measured on an old datum are left out of the rankings.
NOAA National Water Prediction Service gauge records, retrieved October 30, 2026.
Drought
In severe drought or worse for 149 of 1,581 months since 1895 (9%); the longest spell lasted 19 months.
The drought index is for Oakland County, the county that contains Auburn Hills.
149
Months in severe drought or worse since 1895
80
Months in extreme drought
9%
Share of all months, severe or worse
2
Drought reports to the Weather Service since 1996
Lowest reading
August 1931
−7.29, extreme drought
Longest severe spell
19 months
October 1930 to April 1932.
Latest month
September 2026
−1.20, mild drought
Last severe month: January 2023.
- The Palmer Drought Severity Index is computed by NOAA each month from the county's average temperature and precipitation, relative to the county's own climate. Zero is normal; -3 or lower is severe drought and -4 or lower extreme drought. It describes the long-term balance of moisture, not water supply or crop losses.
NOAA NCEI nClimDiv county Palmer Drought Severity Index, 1895 to September 2026, issued October 6, 2026.
Earthquakes
5 earthquakes of magnitude 2.5 or more within 50 miles since 2010; none reached magnitude 4.
2
Magnitude 3+ within 50 miles since 1973
0
Magnitude 4+ within 50 miles since 1900
0
Magnitude 5+ within 50 miles since 1900
Largest within 50 miles
April 19, 2018
Magnitude 3.4
Michigan; 40.2 miles away, 1.7 miles deep.
Most recent, magnitude 3 or more
April 26, 2026
Magnitude 3.0
7 km SSE of Amherstburg, Canada; 45.2 miles away.
- Earthquakes of magnitude 2.5 or more in the USGS Comprehensive Catalog since 1900. Within 50 miles means the epicentre lies within 50 miles of the city centre.
- Small earthquakes were under-recorded before the modern seismic networks of the 1970s and are still missed in remote areas, so early decades read low. Magnitudes are as the catalogue reports them and mix scales (moment, local and body-wave).
USGS ANSS Comprehensive Earthquake Catalog, 1900 to present, retrieved October 30, 2026.
Severe weather and other events
1,246 events in the National Weather Service record for Oakland County, 1,054 of them since 1996.
119
Hail reports, 1 inch or larger
4
Hail, 2 inches or larger
637
Damaging gusts, 58 mph+
72
Winter weather events since 1996
21
Heat events since 1996
17
Cold events since 1996
Largest hail
May 2, 1983
3.00 inches
Strongest measured or estimated gust
July 7, 1991
85 mph
More event types since 1996
| Lightning | 40 | 1 |
| Dense fog and smoke | 1 | 0 |
Costliest events since 1996
- Aug 11, 2014Flash Flood$400 million
National Weather Service narrative
A historic rainfall event unfolded over Southeast Michigan on Monday, August 11, leading to major flooding and road closures. This event was caused by a strengthening low pressure system moving over the area, focusing the tropical moisture which came up from the south. The hardest hit areas included Metro Detroit and surrounding communities, along with Flint and the Saginaw Valley areas. Wayne, Southern Oakland and Macomb counties saw the worst of the flooding as 4 to 6 inches of rain fell over a 4 hour period. Around 75,000 homes and businesses suffered damage, with over 3000 suffering major damage. There was also damage to the roads and bridges, along with the city sewer pumps…
- Apr 3, 2003Ice Storm, Oakland$100 million
National Weather Service narrative
An arctic frontal boundary moved south of the state by the morning of April 3, 2003. This front dropped temperatures to the freezing mark generally along and north of a Brighton to St Clair Shores line. Then, a series of low pressure systems moved across the front. This allowed very warm and moist air to lift north overtop of the sub-freezing temperatures near the ground. The first wave of precipitation moved across eastern Michigan late in the evening on April 3rd and continued through the morning of April 4th. Thunderstorms brought heavy freezing rain to the area during this time period. Spotter reports indicated up to 3 inches of freezing rain occurred in some places. Sleet was…
- Mar 8, 2017High Wind, Oakland$35.0 million
National Weather Service narrative
A non thunderstorm event took place over the state on Wednesday, March 8, 2017, as high winds brought wind gusts in excess of 60 mph! The high winds took out power lines and trees, along with numerous reports of structural damage to buildings. There were also reports of brush fires and tractor-trailers flipped over around the area. Due to the extensive damage, many areas were without power for several days. Approximately 800,000 DTE customers and approximately 300,000 Consumers Energy customers were affected. The highest wind gust reported across Southeast Michigan was 68 mph at both Saginaw and Detroit Metro Airport.
- Feb 22, 2023Ice Storm, Oakland$11.0 million
National Weather Service narrative
A major winter storm impacted Southeast Michigan during the daytime and evening hours of February 22, 2023. Warm/moist air originating in the Gulf of Mexico surged north toward a surface warm front, increasing coverage and intensity of precipitation over lower Michigan by mid-morning. This warmer air aloft interacted with a resident cold airmass near the surface, creating conditions favorable for snow to the north and a wintry mix for much of the metro Detroit region. The higher snow accumulations occurred across areas well north of I-69, with Midland, Bay, Tuscola, and Huron counties reporting 5 to 9 inches. Communities along and south of I-69 saw a wintry mix of snow, sleet, and…
- Feb 19, 2016High Wind, Oakland$10.0 million
National Weather Service narrative
Strong southwest winds of 50 to 60 mph brought down trees...tree limbs...and power lines...mainly along the M-59 corridor and I-94 corridors of Southeast Michigan. DTE reported 117,000 customers were affected during the peak early Friday evening, with 75,000 customers remaining without power into Saturday the next day. |Here are some of the higher wind gusts reported at airports across the area on Friday February 19th:|Ypsilanti... 58 mph at 1022 PM.|Detroit Metro... 55 mph at 744 PM.|Owosso... 55 mph at 835 PM.|Saginaw (MBS)... 54 mph at 536 PM.|Pontiac... 54 mph at 742 PM.|Ann Arbor... 54 mph at 719 PM.|Flint Bishop... 53 mph at 634 PM.|Howell... 53 mph at 734 PM.|Detroit…
- Jul 24, 2021Tornado$8.5 million
National Weather Service narrative
A tornado touched down 1 mile NNE of White Lake just west of the intersection of Teggerdine Rd and Pontiac Lake Rd. The tornado began as an EF-0 in which several healthy trees were uprooted and snapped. The tornado then tracked southeast toward a neighborhood at the intersection of Pontiac Lake Rd and Howland Blvd where it produced EF-1 damage, including shingle and roof damage, garage damage with one garage door completely blown off, and numerous healthy trees uprooted and snapped. Peak winds were estimated at 100 mph. A house was damaged when multiple pine trees fell onto it, resulting in one minor injury. The tornado then tracked to the northeast and crossed Pontiac Lake Rd…
- Aug 24, 2023Thunderstorm Wind$7.0 million
National Weather Service narrative
Widespread trees reported blown down. The South Lyon DPW main building was severely damaged (roof torn off, all overhead doors blown in, walls bowing out). One South Lyon PD patrol vehicle was severely damaged on a flooded road responding to a stranded vehicle requiring rescue. Homes were also affected, with several having major damage or even destroyed. The City of South Lyon offices had no power for two days.
- Jul 27, 2014Hail$6.0 million
National Weather Service narrative
A powerful upper-level low pressure system dropped southward into the Great Lakes on Sunday July 27, sparking a good deal of severe thunderstorms in the warm, moist, and unstable air in advance of the system. Between 2 p.m. and 8 p.m., severe weather affected nearly all of southeast Michigan. The initial storm that affected portions of Midland and Bay counties from around 2:15 to 3:15 p.m. was a prolific hail producer, with hail up to 3 diameter (greater than baseball size) recorded near Midland. Later, another particularly strong storm moved across Oakland County between around 4:30 and 5:15 pm, dropping hail up to 2.50 diameter (tennis ball size) near the Highland/White Lake…
- Apr 14, 2018Winter Storm, Oakland$6.0 million
National Weather Service narrative
A large and complex low pressure system impacted the Great Lakes region. Southeast Michigan saw heavy rain, snow, sleet and freezing rain that began on Friday (April 13) and lasted through Sunday (April 15). This system brought 2 main periods of precipitation, with a short break in between on Saturday. Total rainfall of 1 to 2 inches was common in many locations in Southeast Michigan, with 2-3 of snow and sleet north of I-69, and about 1/4 to 1/2 of ice from freezing rain between the I-94 and I-96 corridors. Widespread tree damage and power outages from an combination of the snow, sleet, and freezing rain occurred. In total, DTE and Consumers Energy reported power outages for…
- May 4, 2018High Wind, Oakland$5.0 million
National Weather Service narrative
A strong low pressure system tracked through northern Lower Michigan, swinging a strong cold front through southeast Michigan early in the afternoon. Sustained winds ranging between 30 - 40 mph, with frequent gusts in the 45 to 60 mph range, with scattered thunderstorms that developed leading to enhanced winds near 70 MPH. Downed large trees, branches, telephone and power lines were reported across all counties in Southeast Michigan, with around 230,000 customers without power during the peak. In Independence Township, a large tree fell onto a car, killing the 36 year old man inside. Additionally, a postal employee in South Lyon was also seriously hurt when a tree fell on him as…
- Storm Events records before 1996 cover only tornadoes, thunderstorm wind and hail. Damage figures are as reported by the National Weather Service at the time, not adjusted for inflation.
NOAA NCEI Storm Events Database, 1950 to 2026, issued October 26, 2026.
Weather records
From Mount Clemens Ang Base, 22.1 miles from the city centre, with records from 1896.
- All-time high
- 106°FJul 5, 1911
- All-time low
- −24°FFeb 10, 1912
- Warmest night
- 81°F2 times, most recently Jul 1, 2026
- Coldest day
- −4°FJan 15, 1972
- Wettest day
- 4.78 inJun 26, 1968
- Snowiest day
- 16.0 inMar 2, 1936
- Hottest year
- 1998mean 54.4°F
- Coldest year
- 2011mean 44.4°F
- Wettest year
- 201742.00 in
- Driest year
- 201314.04 in
- Snowiest season
- 72.0 in2011-12
Median first snow
November 19
Earliest: October 6, 2011
Median last snow
April 7
Latest: May 11, 2020
0 of 81 winters had no measurable snow.
Station Mount Clemens Ang Base (USW00014804), 580 ft elevation, 22.1 miles from the city centre. Daily records from 1896 to October 25, 2026; 95.6% of days in the last 30 years are complete. Records at a single station can differ from a city’s official threaded record, which may combine several stations.
NOAA NCEI Global Historical Climatology Network Daily.
Federal disaster declarations
15 since 1953. The most recent: Severe Storms, Tornadoes, and Flooding, February 8, 2024.
Declarations for Oakland County.
| Feb 8, 2024 | Flood | DR-4757-MI |
| Jul 15, 2021 | Severe Storm | DR-4607-MI |
| Mar 27, 2020 | Biological | DR-4494-MI |
| Mar 13, 2020 | Biological | EM-3455-MI |
| Sep 25, 2014 | Flood | DR-4195-MI |
| Sep 7, 2005 | Hurricane | EM-3225-MI |
| Jun 30, 2004 | Severe Storm | DR-1527-MI |
| Sep 23, 2003 | Other | EM-3189-MI |
| Jan 10, 2001 | Snowstorm | EM-3160-MI |
| Oct 17, 2000 | Severe Storm | DR-1346-MI |
| Jan 27, 1999 | Snowstorm | EM-3137-MI |
| Jul 11, 1997 | Severe Storm | DR-1181-MI |
| Jan 27, 1978 | Snowstorm | EM-3057-MI |
| Mar 19, 1976 | Severe Storm | DR-495-MI |
| Apr 26, 1975 | Flood | DR-465-MI |
This product uses the Federal Emergency Management Agency's OpenFEMA API, but is not endorsed by FEMA. The Federal Government or FEMA cannot vouch for the data or analyses derived from these data after the data have been retrieved from the Agency's website(s).
OpenFEMA Disaster Declarations Summaries, retrieved October 30, 2026. Statewide declarations are not listed.
Sources and vintage
Every number on this page comes from these public records.
- Tornadoes NOAA Storm Prediction Center severe weather database, through 2025.
- Tropical cyclones NOAA National Hurricane Center HURDAT2 (Atlantic; Northeast and Central Pacific), through 2025.
- Wildfire USGS/USFS Monitoring Trends in Burn Severity, through 2026.
- Storm events NOAA NCEI Storm Events Database, through 2026.
- Flood insurance OpenFEMA NFIP Redacted Claims v3, refreshed August 4, 2026.
- Declarations OpenFEMA Disaster Declarations Summaries v2, retrieved October 30, 2026.
- Weather records NOAA NCEI Global Historical Climatology Network Daily, station USW00014804.
- River crests NOAA National Weather Service, National Water Prediction Service river gauges, retrieved October 30, 2026.
- Drought NOAA NCEI nClimDiv county Palmer Drought Severity Index, through September 2026.
- Smoke NOAA NESDIS Hazard Mapping System smoke analysis, retrieved October 30, 2026.
- Earthquakes USGS ANSS Comprehensive Earthquake Catalog (ComCat), retrieved October 30, 2026.
Joins, thresholds and known limits are set out in the methodology. Found an error? Report it. Page built October 30, 2026.