Burton
Population 29,313 (2025)
99 tornadoes have tracked within 25 miles of Burton since 1950, 8 of them rated EF3 or F3 or stronger; the most recent was on May 15, 2025.
Hazard fingerprint Each spoke is this county’s percentile among U.S. counties where that hazard occurs. How it is computed
- Tornado damage paths within 25 miles since 195099
- Tropical cyclone tracks within 100 miles since 1851, wider where stronger1
- Major flood years since 1978, Genesee County6
At a glance
Tornado paths within 25 miles, tropical cyclone tracks within 100 miles and wildfire perimeters within 25 miles of the city centre. Storm events, flood insurance claims and disaster declarations are for Genesee County. Earthquakes within 50 miles, volcanoes within 100 miles and smoke days are measured from the city centre; river and tide gauges, tsunami and landslide records and the drought index are for Genesee County.
Strongest tornado
F5
June 8, 1953, 18.9 mile path
Snowiest season
85.3in
Winter of 2017-18
Tornadoes
About one tornado a year since 1950, 8 of them rated F3/EF3 or stronger.
Strongest
June 8, 1953
F5, 18.9 mile path
833 yards wide; 116 killed along the whole path.
Most recent
Thursday, May 15, 2025
EF0, 1.2 mile path
Within the past year.
Every recorded tornado
| May 15, 2025 | EF0 | 1.2 | 0 | 0 |
| May 15, 2025 | EF0 | 3.4 | 0 | 0 |
| Nov 10, 2024 | EF0 | 1.2 | 0 | 0 |
| Feb 28, 2024 | EF2 | 5.7 | 0 | 0 |
| Jul 11, 2022 | EF0 | 7.4 | 0 | 0 |
| Oct 3, 2021 | EF0 | 0.8 | 0 | 0 |
| Jul 24, 2021 | EF1 | 1.6 | 0 | 0 |
| Jul 24, 2021 | EF1 | 1.9 | 0 | 0 |
| Aug 29, 2019 | EF0 | 2.5 | 0 | 0 |
| Mar 14, 2019 | EF0 | 6.5 | 0 | 0 |
| Mar 14, 2019 | EF0 | 8.1 | 0 | 0 |
| Mar 14, 2019 | EF2 | 18.2 | 0 | 0 |
| Jun 22, 2015 | EF2 | 11.3 | 2 | 0 |
| Jun 15, 2015 | EF0 | 0.3 | 0 | 0 |
| Aug 27, 2013 | EF0 | 1.6 | 0 | 0 |
| May 28, 2013 | EF2 | 4.6 | 0 | 0 |
| May 28, 2013 | EF2 | 5.1 | 0 | 0 |
| May 28, 2013 | EF1 | 9.9 | 0 | 0 |
| May 28, 2013 | EF1 | 2.3 | 0 | 0 |
| Mar 15, 2012 | EF2 | 4.6 | 0 | 0 |
| Oct 18, 2007 | EF1 | 2.0 | 1 | 0 |
| Oct 18, 2007 | EF0 | 2.5 | 0 | 0 |
| Aug 24, 2007 | EF1 | 3.2 | 0 | 0 |
| Aug 24, 2007 | EF2 | 23.5 | 1 | 0 |
| Aug 24, 2007 | EF0 | 0.2 | 0 | 0 |
| May 23, 2004 | F0 | 0.1 | 0 | 0 |
| May 23, 2004 | F0 | 0.1 | 0 | 0 |
| May 22, 2004 | F1 | 1.0 | 0 | 0 |
| May 22, 2004 | F0 | 2.5 | 0 | 0 |
| Jun 8, 2003 | F0 | 0.1 | 0 | 0 |
| Jun 8, 2003 | F1 | 3.0 | 0 | 0 |
| Oct 24, 2001 | F1 | 14.0 | 0 | 0 |
| May 21, 2001 | F0 | 7.3 | 0 | 0 |
| May 21, 2001 | F2 | 10.9 | 3 | 0 |
| May 31, 1998 | F0 | 0.1 | 0 | 0 |
| Jul 2, 1997 | F1 | 0.3 | 0 | 1 |
| Jul 2, 1997 | F1 | 1.0 | 0 | 0 |
| Jul 2, 1997 | F3 | 1.7 | 1 | 1 |
| Jul 2, 1997 | F1 | 10.0 | 0 | 0 |
| Jul 2, 1997 | F3 | 2.0 | 0 | 0 |
| Jul 2, 1997 | F1 | 0.3 | 0 | 0 |
| Jul 2, 1997 | F1 | 2.0 | 0 | 0 |
| Jul 2, 1997 | F1 | 1.5 | 0 | 0 |
| Jul 2, 1997 | F1 | 2.0 | 0 | 0 |
| Jun 21, 1997 | F0 | 0.1 | 0 | 0 |
| Jun 21, 1996 | F3 | 1.0 | 0 | 0 |
| Jun 7, 1996 | F0 | 0.1 | 0 | 0 |
| Jun 19, 1993 | F1 | 0.1 | 1 | 0 |
| Aug 17, 1991 | F0 | 1.0 | 0 | 0 |
| Aug 17, 1991 | F1 | 0.5 | 0 | 0 |
| Aug 17, 1991 | F0 | 11.0 | 0 | 0 |
| Oct 4, 1990 | F2 | 3.0 | 1 | 0 |
| Sep 14, 1990 | F1 | 1.0 | 0 | 0 |
| Jul 18, 1990 | F0 | 3.0 | 0 | 0 |
| Jul 18, 1990 | F1 | 1.0 | 0 | 0 |
| Nov 27, 1989 | F1 | 2.5 | 0 | 0 |
| Aug 17, 1988 | F1 | 1.0 | 0 | 0 |
| Aug 5, 1988 | F0 | 0.5 | 0 | 0 |
| Jul 25, 1988 | F0 | 0.2 | 0 | 0 |
| Jul 25, 1988 | F0 | 0.2 | 0 | 0 |
| Jul 22, 1988 | F0 | 0.2 | 0 | 0 |
| Apr 3, 1988 | F1 | 1.0 | 0 | 0 |
| Sep 29, 1986 | F1 | 1.3 | 0 | 0 |
| Sep 29, 1986 | F2 | 5.6 | 0 | 0 |
| Aug 26, 1986 | F0 | 0.1 | 0 | 0 |
| Jul 25, 1986 | F1 | 5.7 | 1 | 0 |
| Jul 19, 1986 | F1 | 2.3 | 0 | 0 |
| Aug 30, 1984 | F2 | 5.6 | 4 | 0 |
| Aug 30, 1984 | F0 | 2.0 | 0 | 0 |
| Aug 8, 1984 | F1 | 0.5 | 0 | 0 |
| Aug 8, 1984 | F3 | 0.8 | 0 | 0 |
| Aug 8, 1984 | F2 | 3.0 | 0 | 0 |
| Jul 29, 1983 | F1 | 0.2 | 0 | 0 |
| Jun 26, 1983 | F1 | 20.0 | 0 | 0 |
| Jun 20, 1982 | F1 | 11.6 | 0 | 0 |
| Sep 17, 1977 | F2 | 2.0 | 1 | 0 |
| Jul 4, 1977 | F1 | 6.9 | 1 | 0 |
| Apr 2, 1977 | F1 | 12.0 | 1 | 0 |
| May 2, 1976 | F1 | 1.7 | 0 | 0 |
| Apr 21, 1976 | F1 | 1.5 | 0 | 0 |
| Apr 18, 1975 | F1 | 3.6 | 2 | 0 |
| Sep 17, 1974 | F2 | 0.8 | 0 | 0 |
| Jul 14, 1974 | F3 | 1.0 | 0 | 0 |
| Jun 3, 1973 | F0 | 0.1 | 0 | 0 |
| Jun 3, 1973 | F0 | 0.3 | 1 | 0 |
| Jun 3, 1973 | F0 | 0.2 | 0 | 0 |
| Jun 1, 1973 | F1 | 12.8 | 0 | 0 |
| Aug 10, 1971 | F2 | 0.3 | 1 | 0 |
| Jun 2, 1971 | F1 | 57.9 | 3 | 0 |
| Aug 7, 1968 | F1 | 3.8 | 0 | 0 |
| Jun 11, 1968 | F0 | 0.1 | 0 | 0 |
| Apr 14, 1967 | F1 | 1.3 | 0 | 0 |
| Sep 21, 1957 | F2 | 21.9 | 0 | 0 |
| May 12, 1956 | F4 | 6.6 | 116 | 3 |
| Aug 24, 1954 | F2 | 1.3 | 0 | 0 |
| Apr 7, 1954 | F2 | 0.1 | 2 | 0 |
| Jun 8, 1953 | F4 | 33.8 | 23 | 0 |
| Jun 8, 1953 | F5 | 18.9 | 844 | 116 |
| Aug 15, 1951 | F1 | 0.2 | 0 | 0 |
- Injuries and deaths are for the tornado’s whole path, which may extend beyond this area.
- Weak tornadoes were under-recorded before Doppler radar coverage became national in the early 1990s, so earlier decades read low. Ratings use the Fujita scale before February 2007 and the Enhanced Fujita scale after.
Storm Prediction Center severe weather database, 1950 to 2025.
Hurricanes and tropical storms
1 tropical cyclone passed within 100 miles since 1851, none within 50.
Most recent
September 14, 2008
Ike, Post-tropical
49.7 miles at closest approach.
Every storm within 100 miles
- Tropical storms and hurricanes (34 kt or more, still tropical) at closest approach. Post-tropical remnants with gale-force winds are listed but not counted. Direct: track within 50 miles; near: within 100 miles. Distance is measured to the county boundary for counties and to the city centre for cities, using positions interpolated hourly between HURDAT2 fixes.
National Hurricane Center HURDAT2, 1851 to 2025.
Wildfire and smoke
No large wildfire has been mapped within 25 miles since satellite mapping began in 1984.
Smoke overhead
Smokiest year
2023: 80 days
Heavy smoke on 18 days in 2023, the most of any year.
Last 10 years
24.1 days a year
Medium or heavy smoke, 2016 to 2025.
2025
28 days
Medium or heavy smoke. 37 so far in 2026.
- A smoke day is a date on which a smoke plume traced by NOAA Hazard Mapping System analysts from satellite imagery covered this place's point (the county's population centre or the city centre). Counts here are of medium or heavy smoke. Since 2018 analysts have often drawn light smoke as one area over most of the continent, so light-smoke counts are not comparable from year to year. The plumes show smoke anywhere in the air above, not air quality at the ground, and smoke hidden by cloud is missed.
NOAA Hazard Mapping System smoke analysis, 2011 to 2026, retrieved October 30, 2026.
Floods and flood insurance
467 federal flood insurance claims since 1978, with $3.3 million paid.
Flood insurance figures are for Genesee County, the county that contains Burton.
Most claims in one year
1985: 83 claims
$367,000 paid.
2nd most
2012: 74 claims
$668,000 paid.
3rd most
1981: 62 claims
$201,000 paid.
Claims by ZIP code
| 48507 | 87 | $919,000 |
| 48439 | 61 | $302,000 |
| 48509 | 40 | $244,000 |
| 48504 | 38 | $85,000 |
| 48529 | 34 | $95,000 |
| 48423 | 33 | $191,000 |
| 48506 | 31 | $726,000 |
| 48503 | 30 | $33,000 |
| 48433 | 23 | $113,000 |
| 48532 | 20 | $153,000 |
| 48519 | 14 | $43,000 |
| 48473 | 14 | $224,000 |
| 48430 | 10 | $78,000 |
| 48429 | 6 | $37,000 |
| 48451 | 6 | $9,626 |
| 48505 | 5 | $9,939 |
Flood events since 1996
- Flood18
- Flash Flood16
This product uses the Federal Emergency Management Agency's OpenFEMA API, but is not endorsed by FEMA. The Federal Government or FEMA cannot vouch for the data or analyses derived from these data after the data have been retrieved from the Agency's website(s).
OpenFEMA NFIP Redacted Claims v3, refreshed August 4, 2026. NOAA Storm Events through 2026.
River crests
River gauges in Genesee County, the county that contains Burton.
Most severe crest
September 6, 1985
Flint River at Flint, 16.95 ft
3.95 feet above the 13.0 ft flood stage; moderate flooding by today’s categories.
Most recent moderate or major crest
February 21, 2018
Kearsley Creek near Davison, 11.24 ft
Moderate flooding.
| Sep 6, 1985 | Flint River at Flint | 16.95 | +3.95 |
| Apr 6, 1947 | Flint River at Flint | 16.35 | +3.35 |
| Feb 10, 2001 | Flint River at Flint | 15.90 | +2.90 |
| Sep 9, 1985 | Kearsley Creek near Davison | 11.85 | +1.85 |
| Feb 21, 2018 | Swartz Creek near Flint | 11.46 | +1.46 |
| Feb 10, 2001 | Kearsley Creek near Davison | 11.40 | +1.40 |
| Apr 21, 1975 | Kearsley Creek near Davison | 11.32 | +1.32 |
| Feb 21, 2018 | Kearsley Creek near Davison | 11.24 | +1.24 |
| Oct 1, 1981 | Kearsley Creek near Davison | 11.18 | +1.18 |
| Feb 23, 1985 | Thread Creek near Flint | 7.82 | +0.82 |
| May 4, 2012 | Thread Creek near Flint | 7.72 | +0.72 |
| Apr 19, 1975 | Thread Creek near Flint | 7.65 | +0.65 |
| Apr 19, 1975 | Flint River at Flint | 14.99 | +1.99 |
| Oct 1, 1981 | Flint River at Flint | 14.97 | +1.97 |
| May 19, 2011 | Flint River at Flint | 14.78 | +1.78 |
| Feb 21, 2018 | Flint River at Flint | 14.68 | +1.68 |
| Jun 24, 1996 | Flint River at Flint | 14.10 | +1.10 |
| Sep 30, 1986 | Flint River at Flint | 14.06 | +1.06 |
| May 24, 2004 | Flint River at Flint | 14.03 | +1.03 |
| Mar 20, 1948 | Flint River at Flint | 13.99 | +0.99 |
| May 4, 2012 | Flint River at Flint | 13.90 | +0.90 |
| May 19, 2011 | Kearsley Creek near Davison | 10.82 | +0.82 |
| Apr 6, 2023 | Kearsley Creek near Davison | 10.74 | +0.74 |
| Jan 12, 2020 | Kearsley Creek near Davison | 10.68 | +0.68 |
| Apr 19, 2013 | Kearsley Creek near Davison | 10.68 | +0.68 |
River gauges
| Flint River at Flint | 13.0 | 16.95 ft | 0 |
| Kearsley Creek near Davison | 10.0 | 11.85 ft | 0 |
| Swartz Creek near Flint | 10.0 | 11.46 ft | 0 |
| Thread Creek near Flint | 7.0 | 7.82 ft | 0 |
- Crests are the highest and the recent crests the National Weather Service lists for each river gauge in the county that has a flood stage, not every flood. Flood categories use each gauge's current flood stages; crests from before levees, dams or channel changes may not be comparable. Crests measured on an old datum are left out of the rankings.
NOAA National Water Prediction Service gauge records, retrieved October 30, 2026.
Drought
In severe drought or worse for 132 of 1,581 months since 1895 (8%); the longest spell lasted 25 months.
The drought index is for Genesee County, the county that contains Burton.
132
Months in severe drought or worse since 1895
57
Months in extreme drought
8%
Share of all months, severe or worse
2
Drought reports to the Weather Service since 1996
Lowest reading
August 1931
−7.22, extreme drought
Longest severe spell
25 months
February 1963 to February 1965.
Latest month
September 2026
−1.41, mild drought
Last severe month: January 2023.
- The Palmer Drought Severity Index is computed by NOAA each month from the county's average temperature and precipitation, relative to the county's own climate. Zero is normal; -3 or lower is severe drought and -4 or lower extreme drought. It describes the long-term balance of moisture, not water supply or crop losses.
NOAA NCEI nClimDiv county Palmer Drought Severity Index, 1895 to September 2026, issued October 6, 2026.
Earthquakes
No earthquake of magnitude 2.5 or more is recorded within 50 miles of the city centre in the USGS catalogue, which begins in 1900.
Severe weather and other events
917 events in the National Weather Service record for Genesee County, 750 of them since 1996.
103
Hail reports, 1 inch or larger
8
Hail, 2 inches or larger
394
Damaging gusts, 58 mph+
72
Winter weather events since 1996
17
Heat events since 1996
17
Cold events since 1996
Largest hail
May 25, 1994
3.00 inches
Strongest measured or estimated gust
June 28, 1994
98 mph
More event types since 1996
| Lightning | 15 | 1 |
Costliest events since 1996
- Mar 8, 2017High Wind, Genesee$25.0 million
National Weather Service narrative
A non thunderstorm event took place over the state on Wednesday, March 8, 2017, as high winds brought wind gusts in excess of 60 mph! The high winds took out power lines and trees, along with numerous reports of structural damage to buildings. There were also reports of brush fires and tractor-trailers flipped over around the area. Due to the extensive damage, many areas were without power for several days. Approximately 800,000 DTE customers and approximately 300,000 Consumers Energy customers were affected. The highest wind gust reported across Southeast Michigan was 68 mph at both Saginaw and Detroit Metro Airport.
- Jul 20, 2023Hail$20.0 million
National Weather Service narrative
Reports of widespread hail damage across Davison, which included car and house damage.
- Aug 24, 2007Tornado$13.0 million
National Weather Service narrative
This is the same tornado that began in Livingston County's Cohoctah Township. The tornado crossed into Genesee County approximately 3 miles west southwest of Fenton at 1649EST. The City of Fenton sustained the greatest amount of damage where the tornado path widened to approximately one-quarter mile, including the snapping and uprooting of hundreds of trees, de-roofing of both residential and municipal structures, and the partial collapse of a large retail structure near the intersection of Owen Road and U.S. 23. Of the approximately 250 homes/buildings damaged in Fenton, two were destroyed and five sustained major damage. The tornado was rated as EF2 in Fenton with wind speeds…
- May 4, 2012Flash Flood$7.1 million
National Weather Service narrative
Four to seven inches of rain falling in less than 12 hours lead to extensive flooding. |Flint Bishop Airport reported 5.62 inches. Dozens of homes flooded with numerous roads shut down, including sections of I-75 and I-69. Especially hard hit was Swartz Creek and Flint Township. Residents of Apple Creek Apartment in Swartz Creek had to evacuate. In Grand Blanc Township, Knollwood Apartments, located off of Hill Road, saw the worst of the damage. The far eastern side of the apartment complex saw the bulk of the damage, with water nearly submerging at least 30 cars, flooding basements, damaging first floors and knocking out the power. The total cost to Knollwood for the damage was…
- Jul 2, 1997Tornado$3.8 million
- May 4, 2018High Wind, Genesee$3.5 million
National Weather Service narrative
A strong low pressure system tracked through northern Lower Michigan, swinging a strong cold front through southeast Michigan early in the afternoon. Sustained winds ranging between 30 - 40 mph, with frequent gusts in the 45 to 60 mph range, with scattered thunderstorms that developed leading to enhanced winds near 70 MPH. Downed large trees, branches, telephone and power lines were reported across all counties in Southeast Michigan, with around 230,000 customers without power during the peak. In Independence Township, a large tree fell onto a car, killing the 36 year old man inside. Additionally, a postal employee in South Lyon was also seriously hurt when a tree fell on him as…
- Dec 21, 2013Ice Storm, Genesee$3.0 million
National Weather Service narrative
A winter storm impacted a large swath of the country from the southern Plains through the Midwest and into the Northeast on the last weekend before Christmas. This storm occurred as a deep upper-level trough over the Desert Southwest lifted northeastward, while a surface low pressure system moved from Texas into the Ohio Valley. This low moved along a very sharp frontal boundary. This front at the surface actually briefly penetrated far southeastern Michigan Friday night. The temperature at Lambertville, on the Ohio border, rose into the mid-50s, while Monroe, just 15 miles away, stayed in the mid-30s. On Saturday, copious Gulf moisture was brought northward ahead of the…
- Nov 17, 2013High Wind, Genesee$2.0 million
National Weather Service narrative
A powerful low pressure system strengthened and tracked northeast from the western Great Lakes towards James Bay during the afternoon of November 17th through the overnight hours. Southerly winds out ahead of the cold front allowed temperatures to soar into the lower to middle 60s during the afternoon hours across southeast Michigan. A line of thunderstorms developed with the cold front that swept through the area during the evening hours. Several of these storms produced severe wind gusts and wind damage as they moved through the area. Behind the cold front, gradient winds gusted to 55 to 65 mph during the evening and overnight hours, producing additional damage across southeast…
- Nov 12, 2003High Wind, Genesee$2.0 million
National Weather Service narrative
A strong low pressure system moved across the straits on the evening of the 12th, moving into Ontario overnight as it deepened to 974 mb. Strong cold advection and a tight pressure gradient over Lower Michigan produced wind gusts between 50 and 60 MPH across all of Southeast Michigan. In addition, there were even a few wind gusts reported between 60 and 88 mph. The highest wind gust was reported by a spotter in Dexter who recorded an 88 mph gust. An estimated 250,000 customers lost power in southeast Michigan, as widespread trees and power lines were blown down.
- Dec 28, 2008High Wind, Genesee$2.0 million
National Weather Service narrative
A rapidly deepening low pressure system tracked northeast from northern Lake Michigan, sending a strong cold front through southeast Michigan. Winds gusts of 50 to 65 mph behind the cold front lead to widespread tree branches and trees downed, along with extensive power outages, as more than 400,000 Michigan homes and businesses lost power. The majority of those customers who lost power were located in the Detroit Metro Area.
- Storm Events records before 1996 cover only tornadoes, thunderstorm wind and hail. Damage figures are as reported by the National Weather Service at the time, not adjusted for inflation.
NOAA NCEI Storm Events Database, 1950 to 2026, issued October 26, 2026.
Weather records
From Flint Fcwos, 7.1 miles from the city centre, with records from 1948.
- All-time high
- 101°F5 times, most recently Jul 17, 2012
- All-time low
- −25°F2 times, most recently Feb 20, 2015
- Warmest night
- 79°FJun 22, 2025
- Coldest day
- −4°FJan 18, 1994
- Wettest day
- 6.04 inSep 10, 1950
- Snowiest day
- 14.5 in2 times, most recently Jan 5, 2014
- Hottest year
- 2024mean 51.9°F
- Coldest year
- 1980mean 45.4°F
- Wettest year
- 197545.38 in
- Driest year
- 196318.08 in
- Snowiest season
- 85.3 in2017-18
Median first snow
November 13
Earliest: October 12, 2006
Median last snow
April 11
Latest: May 26, 1961
0 of 78 winters had no measurable snow.
Station Flint Fcwos (USW00014826), 770 ft elevation, 7.1 miles from the city centre. Daily records from 1948 to October 27, 2026; 100.0% of days in the last 30 years are complete. Records at a single station can differ from a city’s official threaded record, which may combine several stations.
NOAA NCEI Global Historical Climatology Network Daily.
Federal disaster declarations
14 since 1953. The most recent: Covid-19 Pandemic, March 27, 2020.
Declarations for Genesee County.
| Mar 27, 2020 | Biological | DR-4494-MI |
| Mar 13, 2020 | Biological | EM-3455-MI |
| Jan 16, 2016 | Toxic Substances | EM-3375-MI |
| Sep 7, 2005 | Hurricane | EM-3225-MI |
| Jun 30, 2004 | Severe Storm | DR-1527-MI |
| Sep 23, 2003 | Other | EM-3189-MI |
| Jan 10, 2001 | Snowstorm | EM-3160-MI |
| Jul 11, 1997 | Severe Storm | DR-1181-MI |
| Sep 18, 1986 | Flood | DR-774-MI |
| Sep 18, 1985 | Flood | DR-744-MI |
| Jan 27, 1978 | Snowstorm | EM-3057-MI |
| Mar 19, 1976 | Severe Storm | DR-495-MI |
| Sep 30, 1975 | Flood | DR-486-MI |
| Apr 26, 1975 | Flood | DR-465-MI |
This product uses the Federal Emergency Management Agency's OpenFEMA API, but is not endorsed by FEMA. The Federal Government or FEMA cannot vouch for the data or analyses derived from these data after the data have been retrieved from the Agency's website(s).
OpenFEMA Disaster Declarations Summaries, retrieved October 30, 2026. Statewide declarations are not listed.
Sources and vintage
Every number on this page comes from these public records.
- Tornadoes NOAA Storm Prediction Center severe weather database, through 2025.
- Tropical cyclones NOAA National Hurricane Center HURDAT2 (Atlantic; Northeast and Central Pacific), through 2025.
- Wildfire USGS/USFS Monitoring Trends in Burn Severity, through 2026.
- Storm events NOAA NCEI Storm Events Database, through 2026.
- Flood insurance OpenFEMA NFIP Redacted Claims v3, refreshed August 4, 2026.
- Declarations OpenFEMA Disaster Declarations Summaries v2, retrieved October 30, 2026.
- Weather records NOAA NCEI Global Historical Climatology Network Daily, station USW00014826.
- River crests NOAA National Weather Service, National Water Prediction Service river gauges, retrieved October 30, 2026.
- Drought NOAA NCEI nClimDiv county Palmer Drought Severity Index, through September 2026.
- Smoke NOAA NESDIS Hazard Mapping System smoke analysis, retrieved October 30, 2026.
- Earthquakes USGS ANSS Comprehensive Earthquake Catalog (ComCat), retrieved October 30, 2026.
Joins, thresholds and known limits are set out in the methodology. Found an error? Report it. Page built October 30, 2026.