Redmond

Population 38,547 (2025)

5 tornadoes have tracked within 25 miles of Redmond since 1950, 0 of them rated EF3 or F3 or stronger; the most recent was on July 28, 2025.

Hazard fingerprint for Redmond Tornado: 5th percentile. Tropical: 0th percentile. Wildfire: 78th percentile. Flood: 6th percentile. Hail & wind: 10th percentile. Heat: 68th percentile. Cold: 73th percentile. Winter: 91th percentile. TORTROPFIREFLOODSEVEREHEATCOLDWINTER

Hazard fingerprint Each spoke is this county’s percentile among U.S. counties where that hazard occurs. How it is computed

2026
  • Tornado damage paths within 25 miles since 19505
  • Wildfire burn scars within 25 miles since 198425

At a glance

Tornado paths within 25 miles, tropical cyclone tracks within 100 miles and wildfire perimeters within 25 miles of the city centre. Storm events, flood insurance claims and disaster declarations are for Deschutes County. Earthquakes within 50 miles, volcanoes within 100 miles and smoke days are measured from the city centre; river and tide gauges, tsunami and landslide records and the drought index are for Deschutes County.

Large wildfires within 25 mi

25

Largest: Pole Creek, 2012

Details

Flood insurance claims

21

Deschutes County

$186,000 paid since 1979

Details

Tornadoes since 1950, within 25 mi

5

0 rated F3/EF3 or stronger

Details

Strongest tornado

F1

August 22, 1989, 1.0 mile path

Federal disaster declarations

20

Most recent: Akawa Butte Fire, 2026

Details

Record high

112°F

June 29, 2021

Details

Record low

−28°F

December 8, 1972

Details

Snowiest season

60.5in

Winter of 1992-93

Tornadoes

About one every 15 years since 1950, none rated F3/EF3 or stronger.

Strongest

August 22, 1989

F1, 1.0 mile path

10 yards wide.

Most recent

Monday, July 28, 2025

EF0, 0.1 mile path

Within the past year.

Tornadoes by decade, within 25 miles Doppler radar era² 1950s: 0 1960s: 0 1970s: 0 1980s: 2 2 1990s: 1 1 2000s: 0 2010s: 1 1 2020s: 1 1 1950s1960s1970s1980s1990s2000s2010s2020s
Recorded tornadoes per decade. The 2020s are incomplete.
Tornadoes by month J: 0 F: 0 M: 0 A: 1 1 M: 0 J: 1 J: 1 A: 1 S: 1 O: 0 N: 0 D: 0 JFMAMJJASOND
By month of occurrence, all years.

Every recorded tornado

Tornadoes within 25 miles since 1950
Jul 28, 2025EF00.11000
Apr 13, 2017EF00.11000
Sep 3, 1997F01.010000
Aug 22, 1989F11.01000
Jun 22, 1983F00.11700
  1. Injuries and deaths are for the tornado’s whole path, which may extend beyond this area.
  2. Weak tornadoes were under-recorded before Doppler radar coverage became national in the early 1990s, so earlier decades read low. Ratings use the Fujita scale before February 2007 and the Enhanced Fujita scale after.

Storm Prediction Center severe weather database, 1950 to 2025.

Hurricanes and tropical storms

No tropical storm or hurricane has tracked within 100 miles since records began in 1851.

Wildfire and smoke

25 large fires burned within 25 miles since 1984.

Largest

September 9, 2012

Pole Creek Fire, 26,972 acres

20.9 miles from the city centre.

Most recent

July 11, 2021

Grandview 0558 Od Fire

6,187 acres in total.

Acres burned by large fires within 25 miles, cumulative 1990: 5,6551992: 2,7551996: 21,3842002: 22,3502003: 3,9722006: 9,4882007: 4,0412008: 2,0072010: 6,3662011: 1,5902012: 28,3682013: 1,7362014: 7,3352016: 2,1142017: 25,9532018: 3,8762020: 4,3622021: 6,187 159,539 acres 198519901995200020052010201520202025
Running total of acres burned (line) and each year’s acres (bars).

Every large fire

Large wildfires since 1984
Grandview 0558 Od202114.26,187
Green Ridge 0684 Cs202021.54,362
Milepost 6 1012 Rn201815.41,774
Graham 0420 Od201821.42,102
Whychus 0814 Cs201713.01,888
Milli 0843 Cs201719.724,065
0152 Akawana Od201620.12,114
Two Bulls Fire201415.97,335
Green Ridge201324.51,736
Pole Creek201220.926,972
Geneva Twelve201219.71,396
Alder Springs201114.11,590
Rooster Rock201016.86,366
Summit Springs Complex200818.32,007
Mud Springs200720.81,060
Millican East200725.02,981
Cascade Crest Complex (Black Crater)200621.59,488
18 Fire200321.33,972
Eyerly Complex (Eyerly)200223.422,350
Skeleton-Evans West (Skeleton)199617.918,838
Little Cabin199619.32,546
Horse Butte199219.91,666
Sage Flat199214.31,089
Awbrey Hall199015.33,523
Delicious199015.42,132
  1. Large fires mapped by the Monitoring Trends in Burn Severity program since 1984: 1,000 acres or more in the West, 500 or more in the East. Prescribed burns are excluded. Acres here are the part of each perimeter inside this place.

Monitoring Trends in Burn Severity (USGS and U.S. Forest Service), 1984 to 2026.

Smoke overhead

Smokiest year

2021: 56 days

Heavy smoke on 28 days in 2021, the most of any year.

Last 10 years

27.5 days a year

Medium or heavy smoke, 2016 to 2025.

2025

15 days

Medium or heavy smoke. 32 so far in 2026.

Days with medium or heavy smoke overhead, by year 2011: 13 2012: 23 2013: 8 2014: 18 2015: 23 2016: 1 2017: 32 2018: 31 2019: 6 2020: 35 2021: 56 56 2022: 21 2023: 32 2024: 46 2025: 15 201120122013201420152016201720182019202020212022202320242025
Days each year on which a satellite-traced plume of medium or heavy smoke covered the city centre, 2011 to 2025.
  1. A smoke day is a date on which a smoke plume traced by NOAA Hazard Mapping System analysts from satellite imagery covered this place's point (the county's population centre or the city centre). Counts here are of medium or heavy smoke. Since 2018 analysts have often drawn light smoke as one area over most of the continent, so light-smoke counts are not comparable from year to year. The plumes show smoke anywhere in the air above, not air quality at the ground, and smoke hidden by cloud is missed.

NOAA Hazard Mapping System smoke analysis, 2011 to 2026, retrieved October 30, 2026.

Floods and flood insurance

21 federal flood insurance claims since 1979, with $186,000 paid.

Flood insurance figures are for Deschutes County, the county that contains Redmond.

Federal flood insurance claims by year
Claims per year since 1979. Years with fewer than five claims are not shown.

Claims by ZIP code

Flood insurance claims by ZIP code
9770310$53,000
977595$121,000

Flood events since 1996

  • Heavy Rain11
  • Flood9
  • Flash Flood8

This product uses the Federal Emergency Management Agency's OpenFEMA API, but is not endorsed by FEMA. The Federal Government or FEMA cannot vouch for the data or analyses derived from these data after the data have been retrieved from the Agency's website(s).

OpenFEMA NFIP Redacted Claims v3, refreshed August 4, 2026. NOAA Storm Events through 2026.

Drought

In severe drought or worse for 140 of 1,581 months since 1895 (9%); the longest spell lasted 14 months.

The drought index is for Deschutes County, the county that contains Redmond.

140

Months in severe drought or worse since 1895

43

Months in extreme drought

9%

Share of all months, severe or worse

Lowest reading

April 1977

−5.78, extreme drought

Longest severe spell

14 months

March 2021 to April 2022.

Latest month

September 2026

−4.10, extreme drought

Months in severe drought or worse, by year 1895: 0 1896: 0 1897: 0 1898: 0 1899: 0 1900: 0 1901: 0 1902: 0 1903: 0 1904: 0 1905: 0 1906: 0 1907: 0 1908: 0 1909: 0 1910: 0 1911: 0 1912: 0 1913: 0 1914: 0 1915: 1 1916: 0 1917: 0 1918: 2 1919: 0 1920: 0 1921: 0 1922: 0 1923: 0 1924: 5 1925: 0 1926: 3 1927: 0 1928: 1 1929: 5 1930: 4 1931: 9 1932: 0 1933: 0 1934: 4 1935: 0 1936: 0 1937: 0 1938: 0 1939: 7 1940: 0 1941: 0 1942: 0 1943: 0 1944: 0 1945: 0 1946: 0 1947: 0 1948: 0 1949: 1 1950: 0 1951: 0 1952: 0 1953: 0 1954: 0 1955: 3 1956: 0 1957: 0 1958: 0 1959: 1 1960: 1 1961: 0 1962: 0 1963: 0 1964: 0 1965: 0 1966: 0 1967: 0 1968: 4 1969: 0 1970: 0 1971: 0 1972: 0 1973: 3 1974: 0 1975: 0 1976: 0 1977: 7 1978: 0 1979: 0 1980: 0 1981: 0 1982: 0 1983: 0 1984: 0 1985: 0 1986: 0 1987: 1 1988: 0 1989: 0 1990: 0 1991: 1 1992: 0 1993: 0 1994: 2 1995: 0 1996: 0 1997: 0 1998: 0 1999: 0 2000: 1 2001: 9 2002: 6 2003: 9 2004: 0 2005: 0 2006: 0 2007: 0 2008: 0 2009: 0 2010: 0 2011: 0 2012: 0 2013: 0 2014: 0 2015: 4 2016: 2 2017: 0 2018: 12 12 2019: 1 2020: 1 2021: 10 2022: 4 2023: 0 2024: 2 2025: 5 18951905191519251935194519551965197519851995200520152025
Months each year with a Palmer index of −3 or lower, 1895 to 2025. Twelve means the whole year.
  1. The Palmer Drought Severity Index is computed by NOAA each month from the county's average temperature and precipitation, relative to the county's own climate. Zero is normal; -3 or lower is severe drought and -4 or lower extreme drought. It describes the long-term balance of moisture, not water supply or crop losses.

NOAA NCEI nClimDiv county Palmer Drought Severity Index, 1895 to September 2026, issued October 6, 2026.

Earthquakes, volcanoes and landslides

8 earthquakes of magnitude 2.5 or more within 50 miles since 1985; none reached magnitude 4.

0

Magnitude 3+ within 50 miles since 1973

0

Magnitude 4+ within 50 miles since 1900

0

Magnitude 5+ within 50 miles since 1900

Largest within 50 miles

September 10, 1998

Magnitude 2.9

3 km NNW of Madras, Oregon; 27.8 miles away, 1.0 miles deep.

  1. Earthquakes of magnitude 2.5 or more in the USGS Comprehensive Catalog since 1900. Within 50 miles means the epicentre lies within 50 miles of the city centre.
  2. Small earthquakes were under-recorded before the modern seismic networks of the 1970s and are still missed in remote areas, so early decades read low. Magnitudes are as the catalogue reports them and mix scales (moment, local and body-wave).

USGS ANSS Comprehensive Earthquake Catalog, 1900 to present, retrieved October 30, 2026.

Volcanoes within 100 miles

Volcanoes within 100 miles
Three Sisters31.0Very high10,358
Blue Lake Crater31.0Low4,035
Mount Bachelor31.7Moderate9,068
Belknap Crater32.6Low6,873
Newberry37.3Very high7,986
Sand Mountain volcanic field37.9Very low5,459
Mount Jefferson41.7Low10,495
Davis Lake volcanic field53.2Very low4,902
Devils Garden lava field54.1Very low5,571
Mount Hood80.9Very high11,240
Cinnamon Butte84.2Very low6,417
  1. U.S. volcanoes within 100 miles, from the USGS Volcano Hazards Program. The threat category is the USGS 2018 National Volcanic Threat Assessment, which ranks volcanoes by how hazardous their past eruptions were and how many people and how much infrastructure lie near them. It is not a forecast of eruption.

USGS Volcano Hazards Program, retrieved October 30, 2026.

Mapped landslides

Landslides mapped in Deschutes County.

94

Landslides mapped, probable or better

1

With a recorded date

1

Source inventory

Mapped by OR DOGAMI (94).

  1. Landslides mapped in the USGS compilation of landslide inventories across the United States (version 3.0, 2025), rated probable or better. The compilation joins inventories made by federal and state agencies for different purposes and areas, so the number mapped in a county reflects how closely it has been surveyed as much as how often its slopes fail. An area with few records may simply not have been mapped. Deaths are as recorded in the inventories; a slide listed in two inventories is counted once.

USGS Landslide Inventories across the United States, version 3.0, retrieved October 27, 2026.

Severe weather and other events

656 events in the National Weather Service record for Deschutes County, 640 of them since 1996.

96

Hail reports, 1 inch or larger

6

Hail, 2 inches or larger

25

Damaging gusts, 58 mph+

221

Winter weather events since 1996

16

Heat events since 1996

23

Cold events since 1996

Largest hail

June 12, 2006

2.00 inches

Strongest measured or estimated gust

August 9, 2022

87 mph

More event types since 1996

Other Storm Events types since 1996
Lightning2102Aug 9, 2019
Dust storms and dust devils200Aug 20, 2011
Avalanches424Mar 30, 2014

Costliest events since 1996

  1. Jun 12, 2006Hail$7.0 million
    National Weather Service narrative

    Large hail and heavy rainfall caused extensive damage across central Deschutes County. Vehicles were dented, windows broken, and branches, leaves, and needles were stripped from trees. Damage was greatest over the east side of Bend.

  2. Jul 9, 1998Hail$2.0 million
    National Weather Service narrative

    A spotter reported hail up to 1 3/4 inch in Redmond along with heavy rain. 1/2 inch hail was reported in Bend. A local newspaper reported 2 inch hail in Terrebonne with damage to roofs, patio furniture, trees, windows, cars, satellite dishes, solar panels, corn and hay fields. The hail piled up more than four inches deep in places. Damage claims are estimated to be near two million dollars.

  3. Jun 29, 1997Lightning$1.5 million
    National Weather Service narrative

    Lightning blew up a large transformer and a small natural gas pipeline east of Bend. About 14,000 customers were without power for an hour. Twentyfive customers were without gas untill a section of the pipe was replaced.

  4. Feb 23, 2019Heavy Snow, Central Oregon$1.5 million
    National Weather Service narrative

    Persistent troughing off the coast of the Pacific Northwest focused a stream of mid-level moisture over the Inland Northwest resulting in a long duration snow event as the plume drifted north and south several times between the 22nd and 27th of February. Snowfall rates were greatly enhanced over central Oregon with the proximity of a nearly stationary surface boundary where snowfall rates were in excess of 1 inch per hour. Storm total snowfall amounts were measured at: 40 inches in Sisters, 33 inches in Bend, 30 inches in Redmond, 26 inches in Meacham, 22 inches in Prineville, 21 inches in Elgin, 16 inches in Mitchell, 14 inches in Lostine and La Grande, 12 inches in Pendleton and…

  5. Dec 30, 2005Flood, Central Oregon$1.0 million
    National Weather Service narrative

    2.5 to 3.5 inches of rainfall produced widespread flooding in Deschutes and western Crook Counties. Many roads and bridges sustained damage and flooding in basements and first floors was common.

  6. May 8, 2019Wildfire, East Slopes Of The Oregon Cascades$300,000
    National Weather Service narrative

    An early season wildfire in La Pine sparked by a backyard debris burn that got out of control burned 12 acres destroying one house and damaging another.

  7. Jul 29, 1998Thunderstorm Wind$200,000
    National Weather Service narrative

    A powerful storm moved through the Deschutes County Fair injuring at least four people, flipping a large tent, and lifting an inflated laser tag game into a tree. A 40-by-40-foot tent flipped over and struck two people with 2 to 3 inch pipes, one went to the hospital. Two young men were playing in a 900 pound laser tag "bag" when a gust of wind picked up the balloon-like structure, with the men inside, and threw them into a tree. One of the young men received a bloody nose. The owner of the laser tag game estimated equipment losses as high as 100,000 dollars. Vendors' displays also were blown over and merchandise was damaged.

  8. Nov 19, 2012High Wind, East Slopes Of The Oregon Cascades$120,000
    National Weather Service narrative

    A strong upper level jet and tight surface pressure gradients aided in high winds across much of the Pendleton County Warning Area.||Measured gusts in MPH include: Ruggs (67), Long Creek (62), 5 NNE of Fox (70), 2 W Benton City (68), 5 S of Deschutes River Woods (60), 5 Wsw Shaniko (62), 2 SSW Grass Valley (58), 7 ESE Maupin (64), 1 W Joseph (68), East Enterprise (68), 3 N Joseph (67), 8 NW West Richland (58), 13 NNW Dayville (70), 6 SE Pendleton (60), 6 NE Mitchell (73), 5 WNW Ruggs (65), Lexington had a high sustained wind for a couple of hours (43), and Pine Mountain Observatory south of Bend (72).||Other reports of wind damage include: County wide power outage in Wallowa, a…

  9. Jul 19, 2001Lightning$100,000
    National Weather Service narrative

    Lightning from a thunderstorm during the afternoon of the 19th sparked a fire that later destroyed a house and its contents.

  10. May 3, 2010High Wind, Central Oregon$100,000
    National Weather Service narrative

    A tight pressure gradient combined with a cold frontal passage to produce widespread high winds and damage. Blowing dust in the Columbia Basin reduced visibility to near zero around Stanfield, Pendleton, and between Lexington and Hermiston. The blowing dust caused traffic accidents with an injury near Stanfield on Interstate 84. Peak wind gusts in mph included 13 miles west southwest of Mikkalo (58), 5 miles south southeast of Mikkalo (59), North Pole Ridge RAWS (65), Pendleton Airport (61), 10 miles north northeast of Pendleton (58), and Helix (60). Sustained winds of at least 40 mph were reported at 5 miles south southeast of Mikkalo. Downed trees were observed 1 mile south of…

  1. Storm Events records before 1996 cover only tornadoes, thunderstorm wind and hail. Damage figures are as reported by the National Weather Service at the time, not adjusted for inflation.

NOAA NCEI Storm Events Database, 1950 to 2026, issued October 26, 2026.

Weather records

From Redmond Airport, 2.1 miles from the city centre, with records from 1948.

All-time high
112°FJun 29, 2021
All-time low
−28°FDec 8, 1972
Warmest night
72°FAug 17, 2023
Coldest day
−3°F2 times, most recently Feb 3, 1989
Wettest day
1.81 inJun 9, 1969
Snowiest day
14.9 inNov 5, 1973
Hottest year
1998mean 51.1°F
Coldest year
1993mean 44.4°F
Wettest year
199813.59 in
Driest year
20073.78 in
Snowiest season
60.5 in1992-93
Average monthly high and low temperature and precipitation, last 30 years, Redmond Airport 32°F 45° 24° 0.8 Jan 48° 24° 0.7 Feb 55° 26° 0.6 Mar 61° 29° 0.7 Apr 69° 36° 1.1 May 78° 42° 0.6 Jun 89° 48° 0.3 Jul 87° 47° 0.4 Aug 78° 39° 0.4 Sep 65° 31° 0.6 Oct 51° 26° 0.8 Nov 43° 22° 1.1 Dec Precipitation, inches
Average daily high and low by month, and average monthly precipitation, over the last 30 years.
Days reaching 95°F per year 1976: 3 1977: 15 1978: 12 1979: 9 1980: 5 1981: 17 1982: 4 1983: 5 1984: 8 1985: 15 1986: 9 1987: 7 1988: 13 1989: 1 1991: 6 1992: 10 1993: 0 1994: 5 1995: 0 1998: 36 2000: 4 2001: 10 2002: 10 2003: 16 2004: 13 2005: 16 2006: 12 2007: 8 2008: 11 2009: 11 2010: 7 2011: 2 2012: 8 2013: 13 2014: 14 2015: 17 2016: 7 2017: 27 2018: 22 2019: 8 2020: 18 2021: 37 37 2022: 30 2023: 14 2024: 31 2025: 14 19761986200020102020
Days reaching 95°F each complete year, last 50 years. Thirty-year average: 15.4.
Snowfall by winter 1959: 45.1 in 1960: 7.7 in 1961: 33.3 in 1962: 15.4 in 1963: 12.8 in 1964: 18.3 in 1965: 11.9 in 1966: 38.0 in 1967: 6.8 in 1968: 46.3 in 1969: 22.2 in 1970: 17.0 in 1971: 12.8 in 1972: 23.7 in 1973: 42.3 in 1974: 20.7 in 1975: 13.9 in 1976: 6.3 in 1977: 25.4 in 1978: 23.5 in 1979: 5.5 in 1980: 10.7 in 1981: 43.1 in 1982: 10.4 in 1983: 29.7 in 1984: 14.6 in 1985: 34.9 in 1986: 8.8 in 1987: 10.1 in 1988: 22.0 in 1989: 4.7 in 1991: 7.8 in 1992: 60.5 in 60.5 1993: 7.3 in 1994: 5.5 in 1997: 14.9 in 1998: 6.6 in 1999: 1.5 in 2006: 0.0 in 2007: 11.3 in 2008: 13.7 in 19591969197919892008
Total snowfall each winter (July to June), last 50 winters.

Median first snow

November 21

Earliest: October 18, 1949

Median last snow

April 7

Latest: May 20, 1962

1 of 51 winters had no measurable snow.

Station Redmond Airport (USW00024230), 3,049 ft elevation, 2.1 miles from the city centre. Daily records from 1948 to October 26, 2026; 96.3% of days in the last 30 years are complete. Records at a single station can differ from a city’s official threaded record, which may combine several stations.

NOAA NCEI Global Historical Climatology Network Daily.

Federal disaster declarations

20 since 1953. The most recent: Akawa Butte Fire, July 23, 2026.

Declarations for Deschutes County.

Federal disaster declarations
Jul 23, 2026FireAkawa Butte FireFire managementFM-5647-OR
Aug 23, 2025FireFlat FireFire managementFM-5610-OR
Aug 2, 2024FireMile Marker 132 FireFire managementFM-5527-OR
Jun 25, 2024FireDarlene 3 FireFire managementFM-5500-OR
Jun 30, 2021Fire0419 FireFire managementFM-5394-OR
Sep 15, 2020FireWildfires and Straight-Line WindsMajor disasterDR-4562-OR
Mar 28, 2020BiologicalCovid-19 PandemicMajor disasterDR-4499-OR
Mar 13, 2020BiologicalCovid-19EmergencyEM-3429-OR
Aug 17, 2017FireMilli 0843 Cs FireFire managementFM-5196-OR
Aug 8, 2017Severe StormSevere Winter Storms, Flooding, Landslides, and MudslidesMajor disasterDR-4328-OR
Jun 8, 2014FireTwo Bulls FireFire managementFM-5056-OR
Sep 3, 2007FireGw FireFire managementFM-2727-OR
Jul 27, 2006FireBlack Crater FireFire managementFM-2659-OR
Sep 7, 2005Coastal StormHurricane Katrina EvacuationEmergencyEM-3228-OR
Feb 19, 2004Severe StormSevere Winter StormsMajor disasterDR-1510-OR
Aug 20, 2003FireOr-Booth Fire-8-19-2003Fire managementFM-2493-OR
Jul 29, 2002FireOr - Cache Mountain Fire - 07/28/02Fire managementFM-2455-OR
Feb 9, 1996FloodHigh Winds, Severe Storms and FloodingMajor disasterDR-1099-OR
Apr 29, 1977DroughtDroughtEmergencyEM-3039-OR
Dec 24, 1964FloodHeavy Rains & FloodingMajor disasterDR-184-OR

This product uses the Federal Emergency Management Agency's OpenFEMA API, but is not endorsed by FEMA. The Federal Government or FEMA cannot vouch for the data or analyses derived from these data after the data have been retrieved from the Agency's website(s).

OpenFEMA Disaster Declarations Summaries, retrieved October 30, 2026. Statewide declarations are not listed.

Sources and vintage

Every number on this page comes from these public records.

  • Tornadoes NOAA Storm Prediction Center severe weather database, through 2025.
  • Tropical cyclones NOAA National Hurricane Center HURDAT2 (Atlantic; Northeast and Central Pacific), through 2025.
  • Wildfire USGS/USFS Monitoring Trends in Burn Severity, through 2026.
  • Storm events NOAA NCEI Storm Events Database, through 2026.
  • Flood insurance OpenFEMA NFIP Redacted Claims v3, refreshed August 4, 2026.
  • Declarations OpenFEMA Disaster Declarations Summaries v2, retrieved October 30, 2026.
  • Weather records NOAA NCEI Global Historical Climatology Network Daily, station USW00024230.
  • River crests NOAA National Weather Service, National Water Prediction Service river gauges, retrieved October 30, 2026.
  • Drought NOAA NCEI nClimDiv county Palmer Drought Severity Index, through September 2026.
  • Smoke NOAA NESDIS Hazard Mapping System smoke analysis, retrieved October 30, 2026.
  • Volcanoes USGS Volcano Hazards Program, U.S. volcanoes and 2018 threat assessment.
  • Landslides USGS Landslide Inventories across the United States, version 3.0 (2025).
  • Earthquakes USGS ANSS Comprehensive Earthquake Catalog (ComCat), retrieved October 30, 2026.

Joins, thresholds and known limits are set out in the methodology. Found an error? Report it. Page built October 30, 2026.