Sandy

Every recorded tornado

1. Injuries and deaths are for the tornado’s whole path, which may extend beyond this area.
2. Weak tornadoes were under-recorded before Doppler radar coverage became national in the early 1990s, so earlier decades read low. Ratings use the Fujita scale before February 2007 and the Enhanced Fujita scale after.

Storm Prediction Center severe weather database, 1950 to 2025.

Every large fire

1. Large fires mapped by the Monitoring Trends in Burn Severity program since 1984: 1,000 acres or more in the West, 500 or more in the East. Prescribed burns are excluded. Acres here are the part of each perimeter inside this place.

Monitoring Trends in Burn Severity (USGS and U.S. Forest Service), 1984 to 2026.

Smoke overhead

1. A smoke day is a date on which a smoke plume traced by NOAA Hazard Mapping System analysts from satellite imagery covered this place's point (the county's population centre or the city centre). Counts here are of medium or heavy smoke. Since 2018 analysts have often drawn light smoke as one area over most of the continent, so light-smoke counts are not comparable from year to year. The plumes show smoke anywhere in the air above, not air quality at the ground, and smoke hidden by cloud is missed.

NOAA Hazard Mapping System smoke analysis, 2011 to 2026, retrieved October 30, 2026.

Flood insurance figures are for Clackamas County, the county that contains Sandy.

Claims by ZIP code

This product uses the Federal Emergency Management Agency's OpenFEMA API, but is not endorsed by FEMA. The Federal Government or FEMA cannot vouch for the data or analyses derived from these data after the data have been retrieved from the Agency's website(s).

OpenFEMA NFIP Redacted Claims v3, refreshed August 4, 2026. NOAA Storm Events through 2026.

River crests

River gauges in Clackamas County, the county that contains Sandy.

River gauges

1. Crests are the highest and the recent crests the National Weather Service lists for each river gauge in the county that has a flood stage, not every flood. Flood categories use each gauge's current flood stages; crests from before levees, dams or channel changes may not be comparable. Crests measured on an old datum are left out of the rankings.

NOAA National Water Prediction Service gauge records, retrieved October 30, 2026.

The drought index is for Clackamas County, the county that contains Sandy.

1. The Palmer Drought Severity Index is computed by NOAA each month from the county's average temperature and precipitation, relative to the county's own climate. Zero is normal; -3 or lower is severe drought and -4 or lower extreme drought. It describes the long-term balance of moisture, not water supply or crop losses.

NOAA NCEI nClimDiv county Palmer Drought Severity Index, 1895 to September 2026, issued October 6, 2026.

Every earthquake of magnitude 4 or more within 50 miles

1. Earthquakes of magnitude 2.5 or more in the USGS Comprehensive Catalog since 1900. Within 50 miles means the epicentre lies within 50 miles of the city centre.
2. Small earthquakes were under-recorded before the modern seismic networks of the 1970s and are still missed in remote areas, so early decades read low. Magnitudes are as the catalogue reports them and mix scales (moment, local and body-wave).

USGS ANSS Comprehensive Earthquake Catalog, 1900 to present, retrieved October 30, 2026.

Volcanoes within 100 miles

1. U.S. volcanoes within 100 miles, from the USGS Volcano Hazards Program. The threat category is the USGS 2018 National Volcanic Threat Assessment, which ranks volcanoes by how hazardous their past eruptions were and how many people and how much infrastructure lie near them. It is not a forecast of eruption.

USGS Volcano Hazards Program, retrieved October 30, 2026.

Mapped landslides

Landslides mapped in Clackamas County.

Mapped by OR DOGAMI (8,853), NASA (55), USGS Conterminous (5), West Coast Slow Moving (Yuankun and others, 2021) (5), USGS Seismogenic Mass Movements (2).

1. Landslides mapped in the USGS compilation of landslide inventories across the United States (version 3.0, 2025), rated probable or better. The compilation joins inventories made by federal and state agencies for different purposes and areas, so the number mapped in a county reflects how closely it has been surveyed as much as how often its slopes fail. An area with few records may simply not have been mapped. Deaths are as recorded in the inventories; a slide listed in two inventories is counted once.

USGS Landslide Inventories across the United States, version 3.0, retrieved October 27, 2026.

More event types since 1996

Costliest events since 1996

1. Sep 7, 2020High Wind, North Oregon Cascades$1.0 billion
   National Weather Service narrative

   The Horse Creek RAWS (HSFO3) recorded a peak gust of 66 mph.

2. Jan 16, 2011Flood$9.0 million
   National Weather Service narrative

   Oregon Department of Transportation reported approximately nine million dollars in damage to roads during the January 15 - 16 winter storm. The heaviest damages to roads were in the Welches, Zigzag, and Lolo Pass area of Clackamas County.

3. Jan 16, 2011Flood$9.0 million
   National Weather Service narrative

   Heavy rain combined with snowmelt runoff resulting in the flooding of the Sandy River. The Sandy River at Bull Run crested at 21.8 feet (61,600 cfs) on January 16th at 21:48 PST. This was the third highest flow on record.

4. Nov 7, 2006Flood$3.0 million
   National Weather Service narrative

   The Sandy River near Bull Run crested at flood stage of 19.3 on November 7th.

5. Jan 19, 2012Flood$1.0 million
   National Weather Service narrative

   Heavy rain combined with snowmelt runoff caused the Molalla River near Canby to overflow its banks and flood low lying areas. The Molalla River crested at 23 feet on January 19th at 8 pm PST.

6. Jan 19, 2012Flood$1.0 million
   National Weather Service narrative

   Heavy rain combined with snowmelt runoff caused the Pudding River at Aurora to overflow its banks and flood low lying areas. The Pudding River crested at 27.8 feet on January 20th at 12 pm PST, 5.8 feet above flood stage.

7. Dec 7, 2015Flood$381,000
   National Weather Service narrative

   Flooding of Johnson Creek and of the Clackamas River resulted in significant damage to businesses, homes, and vehicles in Milwuakie, Clackamas, Boring, Lake Oswego, and Happy Valley. Around 50 homes were evacuated and eight people were rescued. High water and debris flow closed several roads in the area.

8. Jan 2, 2009Flood$250,000
   National Weather Service narrative

   Heavy rain combined with snowmelt runoff caused the Clackamas river to overflow its banks and floods areas near Estacada. Flood waters submerged 11 pumps in the waste water treatment plant in Estacada. The water water treatment plant was out of commission for 2 weeks. Significant flood damage also occurred to the Estacada library.

9. Dec 18, 2015Flood$128,000
   National Weather Service narrative

   The Pudding River flooded near Aurora on the 18th, then remained near flood stage through December 24. The Clackamas River flooded near Estacada on December 18th.

10. Jan 2, 2009Heavy Rain$75,000
    National Weather Service narrative

    Heavy rain washed out an exit ramp off of interstate 205 near West Linn.

1. Storm Events records before 1996 cover only tornadoes, thunderstorm wind and hail. Damage figures are as reported by the National Weather Service at the time, not adjusted for inflation.

NOAA NCEI Storm Events Database, 1950 to 2026, issued October 26, 2026.

All-time high

110°FJul 13, 1935

All-time low

1°FJan 12, 1909

Warmest night

73°F3 times, most recently Jul 17, 1941

Coldest day

12°FFeb 3, 1989

Wettest day

6.80 inOct 27, 1994

Snowiest day

18.0 inFeb 1, 1937

Hottest year

1992mean 55.6°F

Coldest year

1916mean 48.2°F

Wettest year

1933137.82 in

Driest year

195253.12 in

Snowiest season

100.0 in1936-37

Station Headworks Portland Wtr B (USC00353770), 748 ft elevation, 6.5 miles from the city centre. Daily records from 1899 to October 27, 2026; 97.8% of days in the last 30 years are complete. Records at a single station can differ from a city’s official threaded record, which may combine several stations.

NOAA NCEI Global Historical Climatology Network Daily.

Declarations for Clackamas County.

This product uses the Federal Emergency Management Agency's OpenFEMA API, but is not endorsed by FEMA. The Federal Government or FEMA cannot vouch for the data or analyses derived from these data after the data have been retrieved from the Agency's website(s).

OpenFEMA Disaster Declarations Summaries, retrieved October 30, 2026. Statewide declarations are not listed.

• Tornadoes NOAA Storm Prediction Center severe weather database, through 2025.
• Tropical cyclones NOAA National Hurricane Center HURDAT2 (Atlantic; Northeast and Central Pacific), through 2025.
• Wildfire USGS/USFS Monitoring Trends in Burn Severity, through 2026.
• Storm events NOAA NCEI Storm Events Database, through 2026.
• Flood insurance OpenFEMA NFIP Redacted Claims v3, refreshed August 4, 2026.
• Declarations OpenFEMA Disaster Declarations Summaries v2, retrieved October 30, 2026.
• Weather records NOAA NCEI Global Historical Climatology Network Daily, station USC00353770.
• River crests NOAA National Weather Service, National Water Prediction Service river gauges, retrieved October 30, 2026.
• Drought NOAA NCEI nClimDiv county Palmer Drought Severity Index, through September 2026.
• Smoke NOAA NESDIS Hazard Mapping System smoke analysis, retrieved October 30, 2026.
• Volcanoes USGS Volcano Hazards Program, U.S. volcanoes and 2018 threat assessment.
• Landslides USGS Landslide Inventories across the United States, version 3.0 (2025).
• Earthquakes USGS ANSS Comprehensive Earthquake Catalog (ComCat), retrieved October 30, 2026.

Joins, thresholds and known limits are set out in the methodology. Found an error? Report it. Page built October 30, 2026.