Clarksville
Population 188,829 (2025)
109 tornadoes have tracked within 25 miles of Clarksville since 1950, 12 of them rated EF3 or F3 or stronger; the most recent was on November 22, 2025.
Hazard fingerprint Each spoke is this county’s percentile among U.S. counties where that hazard occurs. How it is computed
- Tornado damage paths within 25 miles since 1950109
- Tropical cyclone tracks within 100 miles since 1851, wider where stronger4
- Major flood years since 1978, Montgomery County2
At a glance
Tornado paths within 25 miles, tropical cyclone tracks within 100 miles and wildfire perimeters within 25 miles of the city centre. Storm events, flood insurance claims and disaster declarations are for Montgomery County. Earthquakes within 50 miles, volcanoes within 100 miles and smoke days are measured from the city centre; river and tide gauges, tsunami and landslide records and the drought index are for Montgomery County.
Strongest tornado
F4
April 27, 1970, 42.6 mile path
Strongest tropical cyclone
TS
Tropical storm (unnamed), 1888, 12.7 miles away
Tornadoes
About one tornado a year since 1950, 12 of them rated F3/EF3 or stronger.
Strongest
April 27, 1970
F4, 42.6 mile path
250 yards wide; 3 killed along the whole path.
Deadliest
December 9, 2023
4 killed, EF3
62 injured along the whole path.
Most recent
Saturday, November 22, 2025
EF1, 1.6 mile path
Within the past year.
Every recorded tornado
| Nov 22, 2025 | EF1 | 1.6 | 0 | 0 |
| May 20, 2025 | EF0 | 3.2 | 0 | 0 |
| May 20, 2025 | EF0 | 9.3 | 0 | 0 |
| May 16, 2025 | EF2 | 10.0 | 0 | 0 |
| May 26, 2024 | EF2 | 19.0 | 0 | 0 |
| May 8, 2024 | EF1 | 2.2 | 0 | 0 |
| Dec 9, 2023 | EF2 | 5.8 | 2 | 0 |
| Dec 9, 2023 | EF3 | 47.2 | 62 | 4 |
| Dec 9, 2023 | EF1 | 8.8 | 0 | 0 |
| Jan 3, 2023 | EF0 | 1.2 | 0 | 0 |
| Jan 1, 2022 | EF0 | 5.9 | 0 | 0 |
| Jan 1, 2022 | EF2 | 1.1 | 0 | 0 |
| Dec 10, 2021 | EF3 | 122.6 | 38 | 0 |
| Dec 6, 2021 | EF0 | 4.4 | 0 | 0 |
| Dec 6, 2021 | EF1 | 8.6 | 0 | 0 |
| May 4, 2021 | EF0 | 2.6 | 0 | 0 |
| Jan 11, 2020 | EF1 | 2.6 | 0 | 0 |
| Jan 11, 2020 | EF1 | 10.9 | 0 | 0 |
| Jun 21, 2019 | EF0 | 2.8 | 0 | 0 |
| Jun 21, 2019 | EF1 | 1.0 | 0 | 0 |
| Jun 21, 2019 | EF1 | 7.6 | 0 | 0 |
| Jun 19, 2019 | EF0 | 1.2 | 0 | 0 |
| Feb 24, 2018 | EF1 | 3.6 | 0 | 0 |
| Feb 24, 2018 | EF2 | 4.1 | 2 | 0 |
| Feb 24, 2018 | EF1 | 5.3 | 0 | 0 |
| Feb 24, 2018 | EF2 | 5.4 | 9 | 0 |
| Feb 24, 2018 | EF2 | 12.9 | 1 | 1 |
| Nov 18, 2017 | EF0 | 1.2 | 0 | 0 |
| Nov 18, 2017 | EF0 | 0.7 | 0 | 0 |
| Feb 7, 2017 | EF0 | 0.5 | 0 | 0 |
| May 10, 2016 | EF0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0 |
| Oct 13, 2014 | EF1 | 4.2 | 0 | 0 |
| Oct 3, 2014 | EF1 | 1.4 | 0 | 0 |
| May 14, 2014 | EF2 | 3.7 | 0 | 0 |
| Mar 18, 2013 | EF1 | 10.6 | 0 | 0 |
| Jan 30, 2013 | EF1 | 7.9 | 0 | 0 |
| Jan 30, 2013 | EF2 | 2.1 | 0 | 0 |
| Sep 25, 2011 | EF1 | 1.0 | 0 | 0 |
| May 23, 2011 | EF2 | 17.3 | 1 | 0 |
| May 23, 2011 | EF2 | 13.3 | 2 | 0 |
| Apr 26, 2011 | EF3 | 2.6 | 0 | 0 |
| Apr 25, 2011 | EF1 | 1.5 | 0 | 0 |
| Apr 4, 2011 | EF2 | 5.3 | 7 | 0 |
| Oct 26, 2010 | EF0 | 0.2 | 0 | 0 |
| Oct 26, 2010 | EF0 | 1.8 | 0 | 0 |
| Oct 26, 2010 | EF1 | 2.4 | 0 | 0 |
| Apr 24, 2010 | EF0 | 2.0 | 0 | 0 |
| Jan 24, 2010 | EF0 | 3.6 | 0 | 0 |
| Aug 4, 2009 | EF0 | 1.0 | 1 | 0 |
| Jul 4, 2009 | EF1 | 0.5 | 0 | 0 |
| Jun 17, 2009 | EF0 | 0.2 | 0 | 0 |
| Mar 28, 2009 | EF1 | 5.0 | 0 | 0 |
| May 2, 2008 | EF1 | 0.3 | 0 | 0 |
| May 2, 2008 | EF1 | 0.5 | 3 | 0 |
| May 2, 2008 | EF1 | 0.2 | 0 | 0 |
| May 2, 2008 | EF1 | 0.7 | 0 | 0 |
| Oct 18, 2007 | EF2 | 9.3 | 0 | 0 |
| Mar 1, 2007 | EF1 | 0.2 | 0 | 0 |
| Sep 23, 2006 | F0 | 0.2 | 0 | 0 |
| Apr 7, 2006 | F3 | 18.8 | 0 | 0 |
| Apr 2, 2006 | F3 | 29.7 | 28 | 0 |
| Nov 15, 2005 | F0 | 0.1 | 0 | 0 |
| Nov 15, 2005 | F0 | 0.1 | 0 | 0 |
| Nov 15, 2005 | F2 | 1.0 | 0 | 0 |
| Nov 15, 2005 | F0 | 0.1 | 0 | 0 |
| Nov 15, 2005 | F1 | 0.2 | 0 | 0 |
| Nov 15, 2005 | F1 | 0.2 | 0 | 0 |
| May 19, 2005 | F1 | 0.2 | 0 | 0 |
| May 4, 2003 | F1 | 24.0 | 0 | 0 |
| May 4, 2003 | F3 | 11.5 | 1 | 0 |
| May 4, 2003 | F0 | 0.1 | 0 | 0 |
| Nov 10, 2002 | F0 | 0.1 | 0 | 0 |
| Nov 10, 2002 | F1 | 0.3 | 0 | 2 |
| Nov 10, 2002 | F0 | 0.1 | 0 | 0 |
| May 27, 2000 | F0 | 0.3 | 0 | 0 |
| May 27, 2000 | F3 | 17.2 | 0 | 0 |
| May 5, 1999 | F0 | 0.5 | 0 | 0 |
| May 5, 1999 | F0 | 0.5 | 0 | 0 |
| Jan 22, 1999 | F3 | 4.3 | 5 | 0 |
| Jan 17, 1999 | F1 | 0.5 | 0 | 0 |
| Jan 17, 1999 | F1 | 0.6 | 0 | 0 |
| Apr 16, 1998 | F3 | 7.2 | 0 | 0 |
| Apr 16, 1998 | F2 | 1.1 | 0 | 0 |
| Apr 3, 1998 | F2 | 6.4 | 0 | 0 |
| Jun 17, 1997 | F1 | 1.7 | 2 | 0 |
| Jun 17, 1997 | F1 | 1.3 | 0 | 0 |
| May 18, 1995 | F0 | 0.5 | 0 | 0 |
| May 18, 1995 | F0 | 0.5 | 0 | 0 |
| May 18, 1995 | F2 | 10.0 | 0 | 0 |
| Apr 9, 1991 | F2 | 18.0 | 0 | 0 |
| Mar 22, 1991 | F2 | 39.0 | 12 | 1 |
| Jun 2, 1990 | F1 | 11.0 | 0 | 0 |
| Jun 3, 1989 | F1 | 2.5 | 0 | 0 |
| Aug 30, 1985 | F1 | 2.0 | 0 | 0 |
| May 7, 1984 | F0 | 0.1 | 0 | 0 |
| May 7, 1984 | F1 | 0.1 | 0 | 0 |
| May 7, 1984 | F2 | 3.0 | 0 | 0 |
| May 6, 1984 | F0 | 0.5 | 1 | 0 |
| May 12, 1978 | F3 | 9.5 | 17 | 0 |
| Apr 4, 1977 | F1 | 0.8 | 1 | 0 |
| Apr 3, 1974 | F1 | 4.3 | 0 | 0 |
| May 22, 1973 | F1 | 0.1 | 0 | 0 |
| Apr 7, 1972 | F2 | 23.2 | 15 | 0 |
| May 7, 1971 | F0 | 0.1 | 0 | 0 |
| Jul 3, 1970 | F1 | 0.1 | 1 | 0 |
| Apr 27, 1970 | F4 | 42.6 | 85 | 3 |
| Apr 29, 1963 | F3 | 13.7 | 0 | 0 |
| Apr 25, 1961 | F2 | 9.4 | 2 | 0 |
| Nov 18, 1957 | F1 | 0.1 | 0 | 0 |
- Injuries and deaths are for the tornado’s whole path, which may extend beyond this area.
- Weak tornadoes were under-recorded before Doppler radar coverage became national in the early 1990s, so earlier decades read low. Ratings use the Fujita scale before February 2007 and the Enhanced Fujita scale after.
Storm Prediction Center severe weather database, 1950 to 2025.
Hurricanes and tropical storms
2 passed within 50 miles since 1851; none at hurricane strength.
Strongest within 50 miles
August 21, 1888
Unnamed storm, Tropical storm
12.7 miles at closest approach, winds near 56 mph.
Most recent
October 26, 2019
Olga, Post-tropical
98.2 miles at closest approach.
Every storm within 100 miles
- Tropical storms and hurricanes (34 kt or more, still tropical) at closest approach. Post-tropical remnants with gale-force winds are listed but not counted. Direct: track within 50 miles; near: within 100 miles. Distance is measured to the county boundary for counties and to the city centre for cities, using positions interpolated hourly between HURDAT2 fixes.
National Hurricane Center HURDAT2, 1851 to 2025.
Wildfire and smoke
No large wildfire has been mapped within 25 miles since satellite mapping began in 1984.
Smoke overhead
Smokiest year
2023: 57 days
Heavy smoke on 6 days in 2021, the most of any year.
Last 10 years
14.2 days a year
Medium or heavy smoke, 2016 to 2025.
2025
11 days
Medium or heavy smoke. 32 so far in 2026.
- A smoke day is a date on which a smoke plume traced by NOAA Hazard Mapping System analysts from satellite imagery covered this place's point (the county's population centre or the city centre). Counts here are of medium or heavy smoke. Since 2018 analysts have often drawn light smoke as one area over most of the continent, so light-smoke counts are not comparable from year to year. The plumes show smoke anywhere in the air above, not air quality at the ground, and smoke hidden by cloud is missed.
NOAA Hazard Mapping System smoke analysis, 2011 to 2026, retrieved October 30, 2026.
Floods and flood insurance
313 federal flood insurance claims since 1978, with $11.0 million paid.
Flood insurance figures are for Montgomery County, the county that contains Clarksville.
Most claims in one year
2010: 117 claims
$6.8 million paid.
2nd most
2025: 43 claims
$3.0 million paid.
3rd most
2009: 18 claims
$110,000 paid.
Claims by ZIP code
| 37042 | 110 | $3.4 million |
| 37040 | 96 | $5.0 million |
| 37043 | 79 | $2.2 million |
| 37041 | 11 | $77,000 |
Flood events since 1996
- Flash Flood60
- Flood16
- Heavy Rain7
2 deaths recorded in flood events since 1996.
This product uses the Federal Emergency Management Agency's OpenFEMA API, but is not endorsed by FEMA. The Federal Government or FEMA cannot vouch for the data or analyses derived from these data after the data have been retrieved from the Agency's website(s).
OpenFEMA NFIP Redacted Claims v3, refreshed August 4, 2026. NOAA Storm Events through 2026.
River crests
River gauges in Montgomery County, the county that contains Clarksville.
Most severe crest
May 3, 2010
Red River near Port Royal, 49.48 ft
19.48 feet above the 30.0 ft flood stage; major flooding by today’s categories.
Most recent moderate or major crest
February 25, 2019
Cumberland River at Clarksville, 51.44 ft
Moderate flooding.
River gauges
| Cumberland River at Clarksville | 46.0 | 62.58 ft | 5 |
| Red River near Port Royal | 30.0 | 49.48 ft | 8 |
- Crests are the highest and the recent crests the National Weather Service lists for each river gauge in the county that has a flood stage, not every flood. Flood categories use each gauge's current flood stages; crests from before levees, dams or channel changes may not be comparable. Crests measured on an old datum are left out of the rankings.
NOAA National Water Prediction Service gauge records, retrieved October 30, 2026.
Drought
In severe drought or worse for 117 of 1,581 months since 1895 (7%); the longest spell lasted 20 months.
The drought index is for Montgomery County, the county that contains Clarksville.
117
Months in severe drought or worse since 1895
35
Months in extreme drought
7%
Share of all months, severe or worse
32
Drought reports to the Weather Service since 1996
Lowest reading
April 2026
−7.44, extreme drought
Longest severe spell
20 months
February 1941 to September 1942.
Latest month
September 2026
−5.40, extreme drought
- The Palmer Drought Severity Index is computed by NOAA each month from the county's average temperature and precipitation, relative to the county's own climate. Zero is normal; -3 or lower is severe drought and -4 or lower extreme drought. It describes the long-term balance of moisture, not water supply or crop losses.
NOAA NCEI nClimDiv county Palmer Drought Severity Index, 1895 to September 2026, issued October 6, 2026.
Earthquakes
3 earthquakes of magnitude 2.5 or more within 50 miles since 1984; none reached magnitude 4.
0
Magnitude 3+ within 50 miles since 1973
0
Magnitude 4+ within 50 miles since 1900
0
Magnitude 5+ within 50 miles since 1900
Largest within 50 miles
January 7, 1995
Magnitude 2.6
Kentucky; 47.8 miles away, 18.5 miles deep.
- Earthquakes of magnitude 2.5 or more in the USGS Comprehensive Catalog since 1900. Within 50 miles means the epicentre lies within 50 miles of the city centre.
- Small earthquakes were under-recorded before the modern seismic networks of the 1970s and are still missed in remote areas, so early decades read low. Magnitudes are as the catalogue reports them and mix scales (moment, local and body-wave).
USGS ANSS Comprehensive Earthquake Catalog, 1900 to present, retrieved October 30, 2026.
Severe weather and other events
668 events in the National Weather Service record for Montgomery County, 605 of them since 1996.
50
Hail reports, 1 inch or larger
4
Hail, 2 inches or larger
255
Damaging gusts, 58 mph+
71
Winter weather events since 1996
7
Heat events since 1996
1
Cold events since 1996
Largest hail
May 8, 2024
3.00 inches
Strongest measured or estimated gust
March 20, 1976
98 mph
More event types since 1996
| Lightning | 7 | 0 |
Costliest events since 1996
- Jan 22, 1999Tornado$72.7 million
National Weather Service narrative
An F3 tornado struck Clarksville at 415 AM, travelled through the downtown area and dissipated near St. Bethlehem. There were 5 injuries, 2 of them were for broken bones. Clarksville has a population of 89,000 people is Tennessee's fifth largest city. 25,000 people were without power. The Tornado Warning was issued by the NWS at 354 AM CST. The NOAA Weather Radio alerted the sleepy resident s of Clarksville and urge them to take cover immediately. The tornado ripped apart a 5 block area of downtown Clarksville and teared up buildings in Austin Peay State University. Once the tornado ravaged the city, downtown Clarksville resembled bombed-out London during World War 2. Bricks and…
- Dec 9, 2023Tornado$20.0 million
National Weather Service narrative
This EF-3 tornado first touched down on Fort Campbell just north of the Sabre Airfield with mostly minor tree damage. It quickly intensified as it crossed Walnut Grove Road and destroyed a building next to a church. The tornado then continued northeast and damaged dozens of homes in a neighborhood along Garrettsburg Road near Purple Heart Highway. The tornado then went through a heavily wooded neighborhood south of Britton Springs Road where dozens of mobile and manufactured homes were destroyed. The tornado crossed into another neighborhood, causing heavy damage in and near Eva Drive with several houses shifted off their foundations that were only attached with straight nails…
- Mar 3, 2023High Wind, Montgomery$18.0 million
National Weather Service narrative
One of the strongest wind gusts of this event was recorded at the Clarksville ASOS site with a non-thunderstorm wind gust of 79 mph. This is the highest wind gust ever reported at the Clarksville ASOS where records go back to April 2001. Several hours of severe non-thunderstorm winds resulted in numerous damage reports, including downed and uprooted trees, downed powerlines, and roof and other property damage across all of Montgomery County. Some of the most significant damage was reported near Fredonia where H & S Farms reported that their greenhouse was destroyed and a roof was torn off their building. Damages are estimated.
- Feb 24, 2018Tornado$7.0 million
National Weather Service narrative
An EF-2 tornado touched down in eastern Clarksville on Dunbar Cave Road and moved east-northeast across Interstate 24 north of Rossview Road before ending on Kirkwood Road. Several trees were blown down at the beginning of the path north of Dunbar Cave Road. Continuing northeast, several outbuildings were damaged at the Rossview High School football stadium. The tornado crossed I-24 and struck an industrial complex where three buildings were damaged and 75 cars in a parking lot sustained minor damage. The tornado intensified as it crossed Rollow Lane, blowing the roof off one home and downing numerous trees. Four duplexes lost their roofs on Holland Drive and many others were…
- Oct 26, 2019Thunderstorm Wind$4.1 million
National Weather Service narrative
A 5-10 mile wide swath of severe downburst winds struck western Montgomery County, including the northwest half of Clarksville. Dozens of power lines and power poles were blown down and thousands of trees were snapped or uprooted, with some falling on homes. Two houses and five mobile homes were reportedly destroyed, mainly by falling trees. Other homes and businesses received minor structural damage from the high winds, especially in northwest Clarksville, such as the grandstands at the Clarksville Speedway on Needmore Road which were toppled over, and the Clarksville Outlaw Field airport which had one hangar destroyed and a few planes damaged. A nursing home in Palmyra also…
- May 1, 2010Flood$1.9 million
National Weather Service narrative
Flooding was reported along Salem Road. Flooding was also reported along Yellow Creek and East Fork Creek located southwest of Clarksville. Also, numerous homes, numerous businesses, numerous non comercial buildings, along with several county, state, and federal roads across the county received damage due to the flood. A fatality occurred when a woman drove into the Cumberland River at 8 PM CST on May 3rd.
- Feb 15, 2025Flash Flood$1.0 million
National Weather Service narrative
Heavy rain across Montgomery County caused flooding in the Woodstock Estates subdivision, located off Trenton Road. Approximately fourteen homes in the subdivision were inundated with six to eight feet of water. Emergency responders had to assist in evacuating several of the residents. Damages are a rough estimate.
- May 8, 2024Flash Flood$1.0 million
National Weather Service narrative
Numerous reports of flash flooding were received across Montgomery County, especially in the Clarksville area. Several roadways across the county were reported to be flooded and impassable, including Trenton Road. Damages are a rough estimate.
- Feb 15, 2025Flash Flood$1.0 million
National Weather Service narrative
Heavy rain across Montgomery County caused flooding and significant damage to Northwood Apartments in Clarksville. All floor level apartments were inundated with four to five feet of water. In total, 66 apartment units were impacted. Damages are a rough estimate.
- Apr 27, 2013Flash Flood$1.0 million
National Weather Service narrative
Repeated development of thunderstorms across Montgomery County resulted in 5 to 7 inches of rain falling during the evening hours on April 27 into the early morning hours on April 28. Significant flash flooding resulted from the heavy rainfall, with numerous roadways flooded, impassable, and closed across the county. Flooded roadways included Trenton Road, Highway 76 at Port Royal Road, Madison Street in Clarksville, and many other secondary and low-lying roadways. Over the next several days following the flash flood, a few large sinkholes formed on some roadways, such as Fort Campbell Boulevard in Clarksville, which resulted in additional road closures.
- Storm Events records before 1996 cover only tornadoes, thunderstorm wind and hail. Damage figures are as reported by the National Weather Service at the time, not adjusted for inflation.
NOAA NCEI Storm Events Database, 1950 to 2026, issued October 26, 2026.
Weather records
From Clarksville Wwtp, 1.5 miles from the city centre, with records from 1890.
- All-time high
- 112°FSep 7, 1925
- All-time low
- −20°FJan 16, 1982
- Warmest night
- 88°F3 times, most recently Aug 16, 1894
- Coldest day
- −1°FFeb 12, 1899
- Wettest day
- 6.90 inSep 26, 2002
- Snowiest day
- 12.0 inJan 6, 1910
- Hottest year
- 1921mean 63.0°F
- Coldest year
- 1979mean 54.2°F
- Wettest year
- 195771.89 in
- Driest year
- 194134.16 in
- Snowiest season
- 33.1 in1959-60
Median first snow
January 1
Earliest: November 2, 1954
Median last snow
February 14
Latest: April 3, 1951
16 of 54 winters had no measurable snow.
Station Clarksville Wwtp (USC00401790), 374 ft elevation, 1.5 miles from the city centre. Daily records from 1890 to October 25, 2026; 95.8% of days in the last 30 years are complete. Records at a single station can differ from a city’s official threaded record, which may combine several stations.
NOAA NCEI Global Historical Climatology Network Daily.
Federal disaster declarations
22 since 1953. The most recent: Severe Winter Storm, February 6, 2026.
Declarations for Montgomery County.
| Feb 6, 2026 | Winter Storm | DR-4898-TN |
| Jan 24, 2026 | Winter Storm | EM-3635-TN |
| Jun 19, 2025 | Severe Storm | DR-4878-TN |
| Apr 2, 2025 | Severe Storm | EM-3625-TN |
| Jun 17, 2024 | Severe Storm | DR-4792-TN |
| Dec 13, 2023 | Severe Storm | DR-4751-TN |
| May 17, 2023 | Severe Storm | DR-4712-TN |
| Apr 2, 2020 | Biological | DR-4514-TN |
| Mar 13, 2020 | Biological | EM-3473-TN |
| Dec 6, 2019 | Severe Storm | DR-4471-TN |
| May 9, 2011 | Severe Storm | DR-1979-TN |
| May 1, 2011 | Severe Storm | DR-1974-TN |
| May 4, 2010 | Severe Storm | DR-1909-TN |
| Feb 17, 2009 | Severe Ice Storm | DR-1821-TN |
| Feb 7, 2008 | Severe Storm | DR-1745-TN |
| Sep 5, 2005 | Hurricane | EM-3217-TN |
| May 8, 2003 | Severe Storm | DR-1464-TN |
| Nov 13, 2002 | Severe Storm | DR-1441-TN |
| Jan 19, 1999 | Severe Storm | DR-1262-TN |
| Mar 7, 1997 | Tornado | DR-1167-TN |
| Feb 28, 1994 | Severe Storm | DR-1010-TN |
| Mar 22, 1975 | Flood | DR-459-TN |
This product uses the Federal Emergency Management Agency's OpenFEMA API, but is not endorsed by FEMA. The Federal Government or FEMA cannot vouch for the data or analyses derived from these data after the data have been retrieved from the Agency's website(s).
OpenFEMA Disaster Declarations Summaries, retrieved October 30, 2026. Statewide declarations are not listed.
Sources and vintage
Every number on this page comes from these public records.
- Tornadoes NOAA Storm Prediction Center severe weather database, through 2025.
- Tropical cyclones NOAA National Hurricane Center HURDAT2 (Atlantic; Northeast and Central Pacific), through 2025.
- Wildfire USGS/USFS Monitoring Trends in Burn Severity, through 2026.
- Storm events NOAA NCEI Storm Events Database, through 2026.
- Flood insurance OpenFEMA NFIP Redacted Claims v3, refreshed August 4, 2026.
- Declarations OpenFEMA Disaster Declarations Summaries v2, retrieved October 30, 2026.
- Weather records NOAA NCEI Global Historical Climatology Network Daily, station USC00401790.
- River crests NOAA National Weather Service, National Water Prediction Service river gauges, retrieved October 30, 2026.
- Drought NOAA NCEI nClimDiv county Palmer Drought Severity Index, through September 2026.
- Smoke NOAA NESDIS Hazard Mapping System smoke analysis, retrieved October 30, 2026.
- Earthquakes USGS ANSS Comprehensive Earthquake Catalog (ComCat), retrieved October 30, 2026.
Joins, thresholds and known limits are set out in the methodology. Found an error? Report it. Page built October 30, 2026.