Mineral County

Population 910 (2025) 876 sq mi

Large wildfires have burned 77,430 acres of Mineral County since 1984, 12th most of 64 counties in Colorado; the largest was the West Fork Complex - East Zone Fire in 2013.

Hazard fingerprint for Mineral County Tornado: 3th percentile. Tropical: 0th percentile. Wildfire: 81th percentile. Flood: 1th percentile. Hail & wind: 7th percentile. Heat: 0th percentile. Cold: 3th percentile. Winter: 98th percentile. TORTROPFIREFLOODSEVEREHEATCOLDWINTER

Hazard fingerprint Each spoke is this county’s percentile among U.S. counties where that hazard occurs. How it is computed

2026
  • Tornado damage paths since 19501
  • Wildfire burn scars since 19843

At a glance

The record for Mineral County in eight numbers. Each links to its section below.

Acres burned since 1984

77,430

12th of 64 in Colorado

3 large fires; the largest was West Fork Complex - East Zone, 2013

Details

Tornadoes since 1950

1

49th of 64 in Colorado

Fewer than the typical Colorado county, which has had 9

Details

Strongest tornado

F2

October 10, 1997, 3.0 mile path

Largest earthquake within 50 mi

5.5magnitude

October 11, 1960, 35.4 miles away

Details

Federal disaster declarations

8

Most recent: Covid-19 Pandemic, 2020

Details

Record high

95°F

August 17, 1996

Details

Record low

−45°F

January 30, 1979

Details

Snowiest season

173.5in

Winter of 1964-65

Tornadoes

About one every 76 years since 1950, none rated F3/EF3 or stronger.

Strongest

October 10, 1997

F2, 3.0 mile path

400 yards wide.

Most recent

Friday, October 10, 1997

F2, 3.0 mile path

29 years ago.

Tornadoes by decade Doppler radar era² 1950s: 0 1960s: 0 1970s: 0 1980s: 0 1990s: 1 1 2000s: 0 2010s: 0 2020s: 0 1950s1960s1970s1980s1990s2000s2010s2020s
Recorded tornadoes per decade. The 2020s are incomplete.
Tornadoes by month J: 0 F: 0 M: 0 A: 0 M: 0 J: 0 J: 0 A: 0 S: 0 O: 1 1 N: 0 D: 0 JFMAMJJASOND
By month of occurrence, all years.

Every recorded tornado

Tornadoes in Mineral County since 1950
Oct 10, 1997F23.040000
  1. Injuries and deaths are for the tornado’s whole path, which may extend beyond the county. Deaths recorded within Mineral County: 0.
  2. Weak tornadoes were under-recorded before Doppler radar coverage became national in the early 1990s, so earlier decades read low. Ratings use the Fujita scale before February 2007 and the Enhanced Fujita scale after.

Storm Prediction Center severe weather database, 1950 to 2025.

Hurricanes and tropical storms

No tropical storm or hurricane has tracked within 100 miles since records began in 1851.

Wildfire and smoke

77,430 acres burned in 3 large fires since 1984, equal to 14% of the land.

Largest

June 5, 2013

West Fork Complex - East Zone Fire, 34,436 acres

34,441 acres inside Mineral County.

Most recent

June 5, 2013

West Fork Complex

18,774 acres in total.

Acres burned since 1984, cumulative 2013: 77,430 77,430 acres 198519901995200020052010201520202025
Running total of acres burned inside the county (line) and each year’s acres (bars).

Every large fire

Large wildfires since 1984
West Fork Complex201318,77518,774
West Fork Complex - East Zone201334,44134,436
Papoose201324,21346,997
  1. Large fires mapped by the Monitoring Trends in Burn Severity program since 1984: 1,000 acres or more in the West, 500 or more in the East. Prescribed burns are excluded. Acres here are the part of each perimeter inside this place.

Monitoring Trends in Burn Severity (USGS and U.S. Forest Service), 1984 to 2026.

Smoke overhead

Smokiest year

2021: 26 days

Heavy smoke on 10 days in 2020, the most of any year.

Last 10 years

9.0 days a year

Medium or heavy smoke, 2016 to 2025.

2025

12 days

Medium or heavy smoke. 17 so far in 2026.

Days with medium or heavy smoke overhead, by year 2011: 4 2012: 17 2013: 11 2014: 0 2015: 1 2016: 0 2017: 4 2018: 15 2019: 2 2020: 17 2021: 26 26 2022: 6 2023: 5 2024: 3 2025: 12 201120122013201420152016201720182019202020212022202320242025
Days each year on which a satellite-traced plume of medium or heavy smoke covered the county’s population centre, 2011 to 2025.
  1. A smoke day is a date on which a smoke plume traced by NOAA Hazard Mapping System analysts from satellite imagery covered this place's point (the county's population centre or the city centre). Counts here are of medium or heavy smoke. Since 2018 analysts have often drawn light smoke as one area over most of the continent, so light-smoke counts are not comparable from year to year. The plumes show smoke anywhere in the air above, not air quality at the ground, and smoke hidden by cloud is missed.

NOAA Hazard Mapping System smoke analysis, 2011 to 2026, retrieved October 30, 2026.

Floods and flood insurance

No federal flood insurance claims are recorded for this county.

Flood events since 1996

  • Flood1
  • Heavy Rain1

OpenFEMA NFIP Redacted Claims v3, refreshed August 4, 2026. NOAA Storm Events through 2026.

River crests

Most severe crest

June 9, 1985

Rio Grande at Wagon Wheel Gap, 6.10 ft

0.10 feet above the 6.0 ft flood stage; minor flooding by today’s categories.

Highest river crests above flood stage
Jun 9, 1985Rio Grande at Wagon Wheel Gap6.10+0.10Minor
Sep 6, 1970Rio Grande at Wagon Wheel Gap5.84−0.16Action
May 30, 1979Rio Grande at Wagon Wheel Gap5.60−0.40Action
Jun 7, 1986Rio Grande at Wagon Wheel Gap5.54−0.46Action
Jun 2, 1997Rio Grande at Wagon Wheel Gap5.46−0.54Action
Jun 10, 1980Rio Grande at Wagon Wheel Gap5.41−0.59Action
Jun 12, 2019Rio Grande at Wagon Wheel Gap5.38−0.62Action
Jul 26, 1957Rio Grande at Wagon Wheel Gap5.38−0.62Action
Jun 15, 1975Rio Grande at Wagon Wheel Gap5.34−0.66Action
May 27, 1984Rio Grande at Wagon Wheel Gap5.32−0.68Action
May 24, 1958Rio Grande at Wagon Wheel Gap5.32−0.68Action
Jun 16, 1987Rio Grande at Wagon Wheel Gap5.21−0.79Action
Jun 5, 1990Rio Grande at Wagon Wheel Gap5.19−0.81Action
Jun 10, 1999Rio Grande at Wagon Wheel Gap4.94−1.06Below flood stage
Jun 11, 2015Rio Grande at Wagon Wheel Gap4.93−1.07Below flood stage
May 22, 2005Rio Grande at Wagon Wheel Gap4.88−1.12Below flood stage
May 21, 2008Rio Grande at Wagon Wheel Gap4.84−1.16Below flood stage
Jun 2, 2001Rio Grande at Wagon Wheel Gap4.83−1.17Below flood stage
Jun 6, 2016Rio Grande at Wagon Wheel Gap4.76−1.24Below flood stage

River gauges

River gauges and their highest listed crests
Rio Grande at Wagon Wheel Gap6.06.10 ftJun 9, 19850
  1. Crests are the highest and the recent crests the National Weather Service lists for each river gauge in the county that has a flood stage, not every flood. Flood categories use each gauge's current flood stages; crests from before levees, dams or channel changes may not be comparable. Crests measured on an old datum are left out of the rankings.

NOAA National Water Prediction Service gauge records, retrieved October 30, 2026.

Drought

In severe drought or worse for 150 of 1,581 months since 1895 (9%); the longest spell lasted 26 months.

150

Months in severe drought or worse since 1895

62

Months in extreme drought

9%

Share of all months, severe or worse

Lowest reading

August 2002

−6.37, extreme drought

Longest severe spell

26 months

October 1900 to November 1902.

Latest month

September 2026

−1.47, mild drought

Last severe month: August 2026.

Months in severe drought or worse, by year 1895: 0 1896: 0 1897: 0 1898: 0 1899: 0 1900: 3 1901: 12 12 1902: 11 1903: 0 1904: 5 1905: 0 1906: 0 1907: 0 1908: 0 1909: 0 1910: 0 1911: 0 1912: 0 1913: 0 1914: 0 1915: 0 1916: 0 1917: 1 1918: 2 1919: 0 1920: 0 1921: 0 1922: 0 1923: 0 1924: 0 1925: 0 1926: 0 1927: 0 1928: 0 1929: 0 1930: 0 1931: 0 1932: 0 1933: 0 1934: 0 1935: 0 1936: 0 1937: 0 1938: 0 1939: 3 1940: 5 1941: 0 1942: 0 1943: 0 1944: 0 1945: 0 1946: 1 1947: 0 1948: 0 1949: 0 1950: 1 1951: 8 1952: 0 1953: 0 1954: 0 1955: 0 1956: 4 1957: 0 1958: 1 1959: 2 1960: 0 1961: 2 1962: 0 1963: 1 1964: 5 1965: 0 1966: 0 1967: 0 1968: 0 1969: 0 1970: 0 1971: 0 1972: 0 1973: 0 1974: 0 1975: 0 1976: 0 1977: 3 1978: 0 1979: 0 1980: 0 1981: 4 1982: 0 1983: 0 1984: 0 1985: 0 1986: 0 1987: 0 1988: 0 1989: 1 1990: 1 1991: 0 1992: 0 1993: 0 1994: 0 1995: 0 1996: 0 1997: 0 1998: 0 1999: 0 2000: 0 2001: 0 2002: 12 2003: 12 2004: 1 2005: 0 2006: 0 2007: 0 2008: 0 2009: 0 2010: 0 2011: 0 2012: 6 2013: 6 2014: 0 2015: 1 2016: 0 2017: 1 2018: 12 2019: 0 2020: 9 2021: 10 2022: 3 2023: 0 2024: 0 2025: 0 18951905191519251935194519551965197519851995200520152025
Months each year with a Palmer index of −3 or lower, 1895 to 2025. Twelve means the whole year.
  1. The Palmer Drought Severity Index is computed by NOAA each month from the county's average temperature and precipitation, relative to the county's own climate. Zero is normal; -3 or lower is severe drought and -4 or lower extreme drought. It describes the long-term balance of moisture, not water supply or crop losses.

NOAA NCEI nClimDiv county Palmer Drought Severity Index, 1895 to September 2026, issued October 6, 2026.

Earthquakes and landslides

4 earthquakes of magnitude 4 or more within 50 miles since 1900; the largest was magnitude 5.5 in 1960.

0

Magnitude 2.5+ inside the county since 1973

8

Magnitude 3+ within 50 miles since 1973

4

Magnitude 4+ within 50 miles since 1900

2

Magnitude 5+ within 50 miles since 1900

Largest within 50 miles

October 11, 1960

Magnitude 5.5

15 km E of Colona, Colorado; 35.4 miles away, 30.4 miles deep.

Most recent, magnitude 3 or more

July 5, 2026

Magnitude 3.5

17 km WSW of Los Ojos, New Mexico; 48.8 miles away.

Earthquakes of magnitude 3 or more within 50 miles, by year 1973: 0 1974: 0 1975: 0 1976: 0 1977: 0 1978: 0 1979: 0 1980: 0 1981: 0 1982: 0 1983: 1 1 1984: 0 1985: 0 1986: 0 1987: 0 1988: 1 1989: 1 1990: 0 1991: 1 1992: 0 1993: 0 1994: 1 1995: 0 1996: 0 1997: 0 1998: 0 1999: 0 2000: 0 2001: 0 2002: 0 2003: 0 2004: 0 2005: 0 2006: 1 2007: 0 2008: 0 2009: 0 2010: 0 2011: 0 2012: 0 2013: 0 2014: 0 2015: 0 2016: 0 2017: 0 2018: 0 2019: 0 2020: 0 2021: 0 2022: 0 2023: 1 2024: 0 2025: 0 19731978198319881993199820032008201320182023
Per year, 1973 to 2025.

Every earthquake of magnitude 4 or more within 50 miles

Earthquakes of magnitude 4 or more within 50 miles
Sep 13, 19944.447.96.217 km N of Sawpit, Colorado
Jan 22, 19665.130.76.24 km NNW of Lumberton, New Mexico
Feb 5, 19624.730.915.515 km ENE of Ridgway, Colorado
Oct 11, 19605.535.430.415 km E of Colona, Colorado
  1. Earthquakes of magnitude 2.5 or more in the USGS Comprehensive Catalog since 1900. Within 50 miles means the epicentre lies within 50 miles of the county boundary (or inside the county).
  2. Small earthquakes were under-recorded before the modern seismic networks of the 1970s and are still missed in remote areas, so early decades read low. Magnitudes are as the catalogue reports them and mix scales (moment, local and body-wave).

USGS ANSS Comprehensive Earthquake Catalog, 1900 to present, retrieved October 30, 2026.

Mapped landslides

89

Landslides mapped, probable or better

0

With a recorded date

1

Source inventory

Mapped by CO GS (89).

  1. Landslides mapped in the USGS compilation of landslide inventories across the United States (version 3.0, 2025), rated probable or better. The compilation joins inventories made by federal and state agencies for different purposes and areas, so the number mapped in a county reflects how closely it has been surveyed as much as how often its slopes fail. An area with few records may simply not have been mapped. Deaths are as recorded in the inventories; a slide listed in two inventories is counted once.

USGS Landslide Inventories across the United States, version 3.0, retrieved October 27, 2026.

Severe weather and other events

501 events in the National Weather Service record, 501 of them since 1996.

0

Hail reports, 1 inch or larger

0

Hail, 2 inches or larger

1

Damaging gusts, 58 mph+

446

Winter weather events since 1996

0

Heat events since 1996

1

Cold events since 1996

Strongest measured or estimated gust

June 6, 2020

61 mph

More event types since 1996

Other Storm Events types since 1996
Lightning110Jul 28, 2008
Debris flows200Aug 3, 2022
Avalanches451Feb 2, 2016

Costliest events since 1996

  1. Oct 10, 1997Tornado$10,000
    National Weather Service narrative

    A tornado, up to 1/4 mile wide, tracked through the high country of central Mineral county. The 3-mile long track extended from the northeast side of Fisher mountain to Copper mountain, between 10,500 and 11,500 feet above MSL. It snapped off or uprooted tens of thousands of spruce and pine trees and destroyed a horse trailer. Nearby eyewitnesses described a definite twisting motion to the destructive wind.

  1. Storm Events records before 1996 cover only tornadoes, thunderstorm wind and hail. Damage figures are as reported by the National Weather Service at the time, not adjusted for inflation.

NOAA NCEI Storm Events Database, 1950 to 2026, issued October 26, 2026.

Weather records

From Hermit 8 Se, 8.6 miles from the county’s population centre, with records from 1920.

All-time high
95°FAug 17, 1996
All-time low
−45°FJan 30, 1979
Warmest night
56°FJul 19, 2023
Coldest day
−4°FJan 6, 1971
Wettest day
4.70 inDec 12, 2007
Snowiest day
30.0 inDec 14, 1967
Hottest year
2018mean 40.1°F
Coldest year
1922mean 30.4°F
Wettest year
192136.83 in
Driest year
19798.12 in
Snowiest season
173.5 in1964-65
Average monthly high and low temperature and precipitation, last 30 years, Hermit 8 Se 32°F 33° -2° 0.5 Jan 37° 1° 0.8 Feb 44° 10° 0.8 Mar 52° 20° 0.7 Apr 61° 26° 0.8 May 73° 33° 0.7 Jun 77° 40° 1.9 Jul 74° 39° 2.3 Aug 68° 31° 1.8 Sep 58° 22° 1.5 Oct 46° 10° 0.8 Nov 34° 0° 0.8 Dec Precipitation, inches
Average daily high and low by month, and average monthly precipitation, over the last 30 years.
Nights at or below freezing per year 1976: 292 1977: 293 1978: 312 1979: 312 1980: 299 1981: 265 1982: 284 1983: 274 1984: 266 1985: 275 1986: 278 1987: 307 1988: 273 1989: 297 1990: 278 1991: 282 1992: 294 1994: 264 1995: 286 1996: 273 1997: 262 1998: 263 2000: 279 2001: 265 2002: 265 2003: 267 2004: 321 321 2005: 317 2006: 301 2007: 293 2008: 263 2011: 246 2012: 260 2013: 258 2014: 252 2015: 249 2018: 277 2019: 274 2020: 272 2021: 263 2022: 252 2023: 289 2024: 283 2025: 287 19761986199720082022
Nights at or below freezing each complete year, last 50 years. Thirty-year average: 273.2.
Snowfall by winter 1976: 37.5 in 1977: 68.0 in 1978: 80.0 in 1979: 108.2 in 1980: 40.8 in 1981: 39.5 in 1982: 42.5 in 1983: 102.3 in 1986: 134.0 in 134.0 1988: 101.4 in 1989: 67.0 in 1990: 64.4 in 1991: 46.0 in 1992: 70.9 in 1997: 26.0 in 1998: 4.1 in 2000: 104.9 in 2001: 25.6 in 2002: 36.4 in 2003: 64.5 in 2004: 64.6 in 2005: 46.4 in 2006: 79.6 in 2007: 81.4 in 2008: 59.6 in 2009: 60.2 in 2013: 55.5 in 2014: 56.7 in 2015: 72.6 in 2017: 41.1 in 2018: 109.2 in 2019: 84.2 in 2020: 64.1 in 2021: 45.2 in 2022: 76.1 in 2023: 68.2 in 2024: 33.6 in 2025: 27.1 in 1976198920042018
Total snowfall each winter (July to June), last 50 winters.

Median first snow

October 23

Earliest: August 11, 1948

Median last snow

April 27

Latest: June 21, 1951

0 of 91 winters had no measurable snow.

Station Hermit 8 Se (USC00053951), 8,949 ft elevation, 8.6 miles from the population centre. Daily records from 1920 to October 24, 2026; 94.8% of days in the last 30 years are complete. Records at a single station can differ from a city’s official threaded record, which may combine several stations.

NOAA NCEI Global Historical Climatology Network Daily.

Federal disaster declarations

8 since 1953. The most recent: Covid-19 Pandemic, March 28, 2020.

Federal disaster declarations
Mar 28, 2020BiologicalCovid-19 PandemicMajor disasterDR-4498-CO
Mar 13, 2020BiologicalCovid-19EmergencyEM-3436-CO
Jun 21, 2013FireWest Fork Fire ComplexFire managementFM-5031-CO
Sep 5, 2005Coastal StormHurricane Katrina EvacuationEmergencyEM-3224-CO
Jun 19, 2002FireWildfiresMajor disasterDR-1421-CO
Jan 29, 1977DroughtDroughtEmergencyEM-3025-CO
Jul 6, 1973FloodFlooding & LandslidesMajor disasterDR-396-CO
Sep 22, 1970FloodHeavy Rains & FloodingMajor disasterDR-293-CO

This product uses the Federal Emergency Management Agency's OpenFEMA API, but is not endorsed by FEMA. The Federal Government or FEMA cannot vouch for the data or analyses derived from these data after the data have been retrieved from the Agency's website(s).

OpenFEMA Disaster Declarations Summaries, retrieved October 30, 2026. Statewide declarations are not listed.

How this compares

Where Mineral County stands among 64 counties in Colorado and 3,143 in the United States.

Ranks
Tornadoes since 1950149 / 642,945 / 3,143
Tornadoes rated F3/EF3 or stronger0——
Tropical cyclones within 50 mi0——
Hurricane-strength passes within 50 mi0——
Wildfire acres since 198477,43012 / 64360 / 3,143
Flood insurance claims0——
Flood insurance paid$0——
Disaster declarations843 / 642,925 / 3,143
Flood events since 1996258 / 643,100 / 3,143
Hail and wind events since 19964452 / 643,021 / 3,143
Winter storm events since 199644617 / 6469 / 3,143
Reported damage since 1996$10,00064 / 643,121 / 3,143
River crests at major flood stage0——
High tide flooding days a year, last 10 years0.0——
Months in severe drought since 189515045 / 64937 / 3,143
Medium or heavy smoke days a year, last 10 years9.057 / 642,785 / 3,143
Earthquakes M4+ within 50 mi since 1900432 / 64793 / 3,143
Earthquakes M2.5+ in the county since 19730——

Neighbouring counties

Neighbouring counties
Archuleta County1034,25710
Hinsdale County0040,2401
Rio Grande County309,39711
Saguache County708,1082

Sources and vintage

Every number on this page comes from these public records.

  • Tornadoes NOAA Storm Prediction Center severe weather database, through 2025.
  • Tropical cyclones NOAA National Hurricane Center HURDAT2 (Atlantic; Northeast and Central Pacific), through 2025.
  • Wildfire USGS/USFS Monitoring Trends in Burn Severity, through 2026.
  • Storm events NOAA NCEI Storm Events Database, through 2026.
  • Flood insurance OpenFEMA NFIP Redacted Claims v3, refreshed August 4, 2026.
  • Declarations OpenFEMA Disaster Declarations Summaries v2, retrieved October 30, 2026.
  • Weather records NOAA NCEI Global Historical Climatology Network Daily, station USC00053951.
  • River crests NOAA National Weather Service, National Water Prediction Service river gauges, retrieved October 30, 2026.
  • Drought NOAA NCEI nClimDiv county Palmer Drought Severity Index, through September 2026.
  • Smoke NOAA NESDIS Hazard Mapping System smoke analysis, retrieved October 30, 2026.
  • Landslides USGS Landslide Inventories across the United States, version 3.0 (2025).
  • Earthquakes USGS ANSS Comprehensive Earthquake Catalog (ComCat), retrieved October 30, 2026.

Joins, thresholds and known limits are set out in the methodology. Found an error? Report it. Page built October 30, 2026.