Holt County

Population 4,200 (2025) 463 sq mi

Property owners in Holt County have filed 1,254 federal flood insurance claims since 1978, 6th most of 115 counties in Missouri.

Hazard fingerprint for Holt County Tornado: 42th percentile. Tropical: 0th percentile. Wildfire: 28th percentile. Flood: 92th percentile. Hail & wind: 38th percentile. Heat: 67th percentile. Cold: 53th percentile. Winter: 25th percentile. TORTROPFIREFLOODSEVEREHEATCOLDWINTER

Hazard fingerprint Each spoke is this county’s percentile among U.S. counties where that hazard occurs. How it is computed

2026
  • Tornado damage paths since 195015
  • Wildfire burn scars since 19843
  • Major flood years since 19785

At a glance

The record for Holt County in eight numbers. Each links to its section below.

Flood insurance claims

1,254

6th of 115 in Missouri

$39.3 million paid since 1982

Details

Tornadoes since 1950

15

96th of 115 in Missouri

Fewer than the typical Missouri county, which has had 25

Details

Acres burned since 1984

1,863

26th of 115 in Missouri

3 large fires; the largest was North Pool, 1988

Details

Strongest tornado

EF2

June 5, 2008, 18.4 mile path

Largest earthquake within 50 mi

4.6magnitude

March 1, 1935, 34.1 miles away

Details

Federal disaster declarations

25

Most recent: Severe Storms, Straight-Line Winds, Tornadoes, and Flooding, 2026

Details

Record high

114°F

Reached 4 times, most recently August 13, 1936

Details

Record low

−30°F

January 13, 1916

Details

Tornadoes

About one every 5.1 years since 1950, none rated F3/EF3 or stronger.

Strongest

June 5, 2008

EF2, 18.4 mile path

880 yards wide.

Most recent

Friday, April 26, 2024

EFU, 0.0 mile path

2 years ago.

Tornadoes by decade Doppler radar era² 1950s: 1 1 1960s: 2 2 1970s: 0 1980s: 2 2 1990s: 0 2000s: 3 3 2010s: 5 5 2020s: 2 2 1950s1960s1970s1980s1990s2000s2010s2020s
Recorded tornadoes per decade. The 2020s are incomplete.
Tornadoes by month J: 0 F: 0 M: 0 A: 4 M: 2 J: 6 6 J: 0 A: 0 S: 3 O: 0 N: 0 D: 0 JFMAMJJASOND
By month of occurrence, all years.

Every recorded tornado

Tornadoes in Holt County since 1950
Apr 26, 2024EFU0.0100
Jun 9, 2020EF00.02500
Jun 15, 2019EF00.71500
May 2, 2018EF04.02500
Sep 9, 2014EF00.12500
Sep 9, 2014EF00.12500
Sep 9, 2014EF03.03000
Jun 5, 2008EF04.42500
Jun 5, 2008EF218.488000
May 24, 2004F12.030000
Apr 13, 1981F11.010000
Apr 13, 1981F02.810000
Jun 9, 1967F00.11000
Apr 22, 1963F10.21700
Jun 15, 1954F10.21000
  1. Injuries and deaths are for the tornado’s whole path, which may extend beyond the county. Deaths recorded within Holt County: 0.
  2. Weak tornadoes were under-recorded before Doppler radar coverage became national in the early 1990s, so earlier decades read low. Ratings use the Fujita scale before February 2007 and the Enhanced Fujita scale after.

Storm Prediction Center severe weather database, 1950 to 2025.

Hurricanes and tropical storms

No tropical storm or hurricane has tracked within 100 miles since records began in 1851.

Wildfire and smoke

1,863 acres burned in 3 large fires since 1984, equal to 0.6% of the land.

Largest

March 24, 1988

North Pool Fire, 700 acres

702 acres inside Holt County.

Most recent

March 6, 2009

Unit 6 Fire

626 acres in total.

Acres burned since 1984, cumulative 1988: 7022002: 5362009: 625 1,863 acres 198519901995200020052010201520202025
Running total of acres burned inside the county (line) and each year’s acres (bars).

Every large fire

Large wildfires since 1984
Unit 62009624626
Scrdgrs 62002536536
North Pool1988702700
  1. Large fires mapped by the Monitoring Trends in Burn Severity program since 1984: 1,000 acres or more in the West, 500 or more in the East. Prescribed burns are excluded. Acres here are the part of each perimeter inside this place.

Monitoring Trends in Burn Severity (USGS and U.S. Forest Service), 1984 to 2026.

Smoke overhead

Smokiest year

2023: 64 days

Heavy smoke on 23 days in 2021, the most of any year.

Last 10 years

26.1 days a year

Medium or heavy smoke, 2016 to 2025.

2025

19 days

Medium or heavy smoke. 35 so far in 2026.

Days with medium or heavy smoke overhead, by year 2011: 10 2012: 21 2013: 15 2014: 7 2015: 16 2016: 2 2017: 11 2018: 13 2019: 8 2020: 25 2021: 54 2022: 29 2023: 64 64 2024: 36 2025: 19 201120122013201420152016201720182019202020212022202320242025
Days each year on which a satellite-traced plume of medium or heavy smoke covered the county’s population centre, 2011 to 2025.
  1. A smoke day is a date on which a smoke plume traced by NOAA Hazard Mapping System analysts from satellite imagery covered this place's point (the county's population centre or the city centre). Counts here are of medium or heavy smoke. Since 2018 analysts have often drawn light smoke as one area over most of the continent, so light-smoke counts are not comparable from year to year. The plumes show smoke anywhere in the air above, not air quality at the ground, and smoke hidden by cloud is missed.

NOAA Hazard Mapping System smoke analysis, 2011 to 2026, retrieved October 30, 2026.

Floods and flood insurance

1,254 federal flood insurance claims since 1982, with $39.3 million paid.

Federal flood insurance claims by year 1984: 23 1987: 6 1993: 119 1995: 45 2007: 191 2008: 24 2010: 258 2011: 312 312 2019: 264 19842008
Claims per year since 1982. Years with fewer than five claims are not shown.

Most claims in one year

2011: 312 claims

$9.6 million paid.

2nd most

2019: 264 claims

$8.8 million paid.

3rd most

2010: 258 claims

$11.2 million paid.

Claims by ZIP code

Flood insurance claims by ZIP code
644371,083$35.3 million
6442597$1.9 million
6447024$569,000
6445115$413,000
13$366,000
6447310$282,000

Flood events since 1996

  • Flash Flood19
  • Flood6

This product uses the Federal Emergency Management Agency's OpenFEMA API, but is not endorsed by FEMA. The Federal Government or FEMA cannot vouch for the data or analyses derived from these data after the data have been retrieved from the Agency's website(s).

OpenFEMA NFIP Redacted Claims v3, refreshed August 4, 2026. NOAA Storm Events through 2026.

Drought

In severe drought or worse for 149 of 1,581 months since 1895 (9%); the longest spell lasted 21 months.

149

Months in severe drought or worse since 1895

63

Months in extreme drought

9%

Share of all months, severe or worse

14

Drought reports to the Weather Service since 1996

Lowest reading

October 1956

−7.04, extreme drought

Longest severe spell

21 months

June 1988 to February 1990.

Latest month

September 2026

+1.75, slightly wet

Last severe month: July 2018.

Months in severe drought or worse, by year 1895: 0 1896: 0 1897: 0 1898: 0 1899: 0 1900: 0 1901: 0 1902: 2 1903: 0 1904: 0 1905: 0 1906: 0 1907: 0 1908: 0 1909: 0 1910: 2 1911: 5 1912: 1 1913: 4 1914: 3 1915: 0 1916: 0 1917: 0 1918: 7 1919: 0 1920: 0 1921: 0 1922: 0 1923: 0 1924: 0 1925: 0 1926: 0 1927: 0 1928: 0 1929: 0 1930: 0 1931: 0 1932: 0 1933: 0 1934: 4 1935: 0 1936: 1 1937: 0 1938: 2 1939: 7 1940: 10 1941: 0 1942: 0 1943: 0 1944: 0 1945: 0 1946: 0 1947: 0 1948: 0 1949: 0 1950: 0 1951: 0 1952: 0 1953: 4 1954: 7 1955: 1 1956: 12 12 1957: 2 1958: 0 1959: 0 1960: 0 1961: 0 1962: 0 1963: 2 1964: 3 1965: 0 1966: 2 1967: 5 1968: 0 1969: 0 1970: 0 1971: 0 1972: 0 1973: 0 1974: 0 1975: 0 1976: 2 1977: 7 1978: 0 1979: 0 1980: 0 1981: 1 1982: 0 1983: 0 1984: 0 1985: 0 1986: 0 1987: 0 1988: 7 1989: 12 1990: 2 1991: 0 1992: 0 1993: 0 1994: 0 1995: 0 1996: 0 1997: 0 1998: 0 1999: 0 2000: 9 2001: 0 2002: 2 2003: 10 2004: 0 2005: 0 2006: 0 2007: 0 2008: 0 2009: 0 2010: 0 2011: 0 2012: 2 2013: 3 2014: 0 2015: 0 2016: 0 2017: 0 2018: 6 2019: 0 2020: 0 2021: 0 2022: 0 2023: 0 2024: 0 2025: 0 18951905191519251935194519551965197519851995200520152025
Months each year with a Palmer index of −3 or lower, 1895 to 2025. Twelve means the whole year.
  1. The Palmer Drought Severity Index is computed by NOAA each month from the county's average temperature and precipitation, relative to the county's own climate. Zero is normal; -3 or lower is severe drought and -4 or lower extreme drought. It describes the long-term balance of moisture, not water supply or crop losses.

NOAA NCEI nClimDiv county Palmer Drought Severity Index, 1895 to September 2026, issued October 6, 2026.

Earthquakes

1 earthquake of magnitude 4 or more within 50 miles since 1900; the largest was magnitude 4.6 in 1935.

0

Magnitude 2.5+ inside the county since 1973

4

Magnitude 3+ within 50 miles since 1973

1

Magnitude 4+ within 50 miles since 1900

0

Magnitude 5+ within 50 miles since 1900

Largest within 50 miles

March 1, 1935

Magnitude 4.6

6 km WNW of Elk Creek, Nebraska; 34.1 miles away.

Most recent, magnitude 3 or more

December 16, 2009

Magnitude 3.6

2 km NW of Auburn, Nebraska; 18.9 miles away.

Earthquakes of magnitude 3 or more within 50 miles, by year 1973: 0 1974: 0 1975: 0 1976: 0 1977: 0 1978: 0 1979: 0 1980: 0 1981: 0 1982: 0 1983: 0 1984: 0 1985: 0 1986: 0 1987: 0 1988: 0 1989: 0 1990: 0 1991: 0 1992: 0 1993: 0 1994: 0 1995: 1 1 1996: 0 1997: 0 1998: 0 1999: 0 2000: 0 2001: 0 2002: 0 2003: 0 2004: 1 2005: 0 2006: 0 2007: 1 2008: 0 2009: 1 2010: 0 2011: 0 2012: 0 2013: 0 2014: 0 2015: 0 2016: 0 2017: 0 2018: 0 2019: 0 2020: 0 2021: 0 2022: 0 2023: 0 2024: 0 2025: 0 19731978198319881993199820032008201320182023
Per year, 1973 to 2025.

Every earthquake of magnitude 4 or more within 50 miles

Earthquakes of magnitude 4 or more within 50 miles
Mar 1, 19354.634.1—6 km WNW of Elk Creek, Nebraska
  1. Earthquakes of magnitude 2.5 or more in the USGS Comprehensive Catalog since 1900. Within 50 miles means the epicentre lies within 50 miles of the county boundary (or inside the county).
  2. Small earthquakes were under-recorded before the modern seismic networks of the 1970s and are still missed in remote areas, so early decades read low. Magnitudes are as the catalogue reports them and mix scales (moment, local and body-wave).

USGS ANSS Comprehensive Earthquake Catalog, 1900 to present, retrieved October 30, 2026.

Severe weather and other events

336 events in the National Weather Service record, 274 of them since 1996.

77

Hail reports, 1 inch or larger

15

Hail, 2 inches or larger

64

Damaging gusts, 58 mph+

37

Winter weather events since 1996

15

Heat events since 1996

11

Cold events since 1996

Largest hail

June 7, 2009

4.25 inches

Strongest measured or estimated gust

July 23, 1997

92 mph

Costliest events since 1996

  1. Dec 10, 2007Ice Storm, Holt$750,000
    National Weather Service narrative

    Ice accumulated around an inch across the county. Numerous tree branches and power lines down. Many people had to spend several nights in shelters.

  2. Jul 27, 1997Thunderstorm Wind$250,000
    National Weather Service narrative

    Mound City Police reported 2 semi-tractor trailers blown off the road just off an Interstate 29 exit. The were also several reports of large trees and power lines blown over and the roof torn off a shed in Mound City. Mound City police estimated the damage path to be a mile wide through town.

  3. Jul 23, 1997Thunderstorm Wind$250,000
    National Weather Service narrative

    Severe thunderstorm winds gusted to 80 MPH in Maitland. Many trees and powerlines were downed. Three outbuildings were destroyed and two grain silos were toppled. A large portion of Maitland lost power as a result of the storm.

  4. Jun 5, 2008Tornado$250,000
    National Weather Service narrative

    This tornado developed in Richardson County, Nebraska, and tracked northeast crossing the Missouri River into Holt County in Missouri(see Storm Data for Nebraska, East, for more information on the beginning portion of this tornado in Nebraska)at 1849CST, 3.45 miles southwest of Corning. In Missouri, the most significant damage, rated EF1, was to several barns and out buildings, one residence, and two destroyed trailers. The tornado crossed into Atchison County at 1859CST, around 3.6 miles east of Corning.

  5. Apr 10, 1997Heavy Snow, Holt$100,000
    National Weather Service narrative

    Heavy wet snow fell across the Northern third of Missouri throughout the day on the 10th followed by a second band of snow during the early morning hours of the 11th. Since temperatures were near or slightly over freezing during the snowfall, some of the snow melted quickly but 6 to 12 inches of snow accumulated with well over a foot in many locations. The heaviest snow fell along and to the north of Highway 136 from Albany in Gentry County to Prineton in Mercer County to Lancaster in Schuyler County. The greatest totals were recorded in Schuyler and Mercer Counties where 20-24 inches of snow was reported. Schuyler County Emergency Management reported 24 inches of snow at…

  6. Mar 20, 2019Flash Flood$100,000
    National Weather Service narrative

    A levee near Craig, MO was compromised and water rushed into the town of Craig. The town was inundated under several inches of water for several days. This incident was part of the larger massive and widespread flooding along the Missouri River due to snow melt and heavy rain in the Northern Plains. Note: The dollar value assigned to this incident is likely inaccurate due to the full extent of the impacts not being known.

  7. Mar 9, 2019Flood$100,000
    National Weather Service narrative

    Once the Missouri River started flooding on March 9, it remained in flood through the remainder of the month. The gauge in Rulo, Nebraska - along the west bank of the Missouri River - reached 28.14 feet on March 20 (preliminarily a new record). The flooding was caused by several rounds of heavy snow across the Northern Plains through the winter months, followed by a rapid warm-up and several days of heavy rain. The Missouri River Basin across the Northern Plains flooded with catastrophic consequences as numerous dams and levees failed. As the water flowed into the Missouri River upstream of Holt County, the river swelled and ultimately overwhelmed the levees along the river. Most…

  8. Jun 13, 2000Thunderstorm Wind$75,000
    National Weather Service narrative

    Two trailers were destroyed, and a tree fell on top of a vacation cabin near Big Lake State Park.

  9. Jun 7, 2009Hail$50,000
    National Weather Service narrative

    A significant episode of severe weather, featuring extremely large and destructive hail and a few brief tornadoes, impacted portions of northwest and north central Missouri during the late afternoon and evening hours on June 7th. The setup for the event featured a slow moving warm front that was draped from far northwest Missouri southeastward into central Missouri. This front had been reinforced by a complex of thunderstorms that had impacted northern Missouri during the overnight and early morning hours prior, allowing abundant low level moisture to become pooled along the front. Strong daytime heating along and south of the front sent temperatures into the middle and upper 80s.…

  10. Apr 8, 1999Thunderstorm Wind$25,000
    National Weather Service narrative

    Severe weather broke out in northwest and west-central Missouri around midday on April 8. Storms tracked rapidly northeastward and moved into central and north-central Missouri by early evening. The outbreak included at least five tornadoes, one of which moved along a 54-mile path across three counties. Reports of thunderstorm wind damage were also widespread throughout the area.

  1. Storm Events records before 1996 cover only tornadoes, thunderstorm wind and hail. Damage figures are as reported by the National Weather Service at the time, not adjusted for inflation.

NOAA NCEI Storm Events Database, 1950 to 2026, issued October 26, 2026.

Weather records

From Falls City Brenner Field, 21.3 miles from the county’s population centre, with records from 1912.

All-time high
114°F4 times, most recently Aug 13, 1936
All-time low
−30°FJan 13, 1916
Warmest night
87°F2 times, most recently Jun 19, 1921
Coldest day
−10°F3 times, most recently Dec 22, 1989
Wettest day
7.05 inJul 13, 1992
Snowiest day
12.0 inFeb 13, 1978
Hottest year
1921mean 57.8°F
Coldest year
1993mean 49.5°F
Wettest year
197357.33 in
Driest year
198815.78 in
Snowiest season
58.0 in1959-60
Average monthly high and low temperature and precipitation, last 30 years, Falls City Brenner Field 32°F 37° 17° 0.7 Jan 42° 20° 0.9 Feb 55° 31° 1.8 Mar 66° 41° 3.4 Apr 76° 53° 4.5 May 85° 63° 5.3 Jun 88° 67° 4.0 Jul 87° 64° 4.0 Aug 81° 56° 3.2 Sep 68° 43° 2.5 Oct 54° 31° 1.7 Nov 41° 21° 1.1 Dec Precipitation, inches
Average daily high and low by month, and average monthly precipitation, over the last 30 years.
Days reaching 95°F per year 1976: 24 1977: 23 1978: 27 1979: 7 1980: 47 47 1984: 18 1985: 11 1988: 38 1989: 19 1990: 25 1991: 32 1992: 1 1993: 10 1994: 8 1995: 25 1996: 8 1997: 25 1998: 26 1999: 24 2000: 35 2001: 13 2002: 22 2003: 19 2004: 5 2005: 15 2006: 20 2007: 10 2008: 7 2009: 2 2010: 7 2011: 15 2012: 27 2013: 8 2014: 9 2015: 7 2016: 15 2017: 9 2018: 21 2019: 6 2020: 3 2021: 9 2022: 17 2023: 13 2024: 15 2025: 4 19761991200120112021
Days reaching 95°F each complete year, last 50 years. Thirty-year average: 13.9.
Snowfall by winter 1950: 14.6 in 1951: 27.0 in 1953: 7.0 in 1954: 26.0 in 1955: 27.5 in 1957: 25.0 in 1958: 27.0 in 1959: 58.0 in 58.0 1960: 12.0 in 1962: 17.0 in 1963: 20.0 in 1964: 23.0 in 1965: 6.0 in 1967: 11.5 in 1968: 14.6 in 1969: 21.0 in 1970: 28.5 in 1971: 12.1 in 1972: 24.6 in 1973: 25.9 in 1974: 33.7 in 1975: 26.0 in 1976: 17.0 in 1977: 33.4 in 1978: 34.3 in 1979: 26.0 in 1980: 11.5 in 1982: 22.0 in 1983: 43.7 in 1984: 16.4 in 1985: 11.1 in 1989: 23.0 in 1990: 13.0 in 1991: 12.0 in 1992: 24.0 in 1994: 10.0 in 1995: 19.1 in 1996: 23.0 in 1997: 26.0 in 1998: 18.6 in 1999: 5.0 in 19501963197419851999
Total snowfall each winter (July to June), last 50 winters.

Median first snow

December 3

Earliest: October 10, 1932

Median last snow

March 20

Latest: April 21, 1992

0 of 51 winters had no measurable snow.

Station Falls City Brenner Field (USW00094957), 980 ft elevation, 21.3 miles from the population centre. Daily records from 1912 to October 26, 2026; 99.6% of days in the last 30 years are complete. Records at a single station can differ from a city’s official threaded record, which may combine several stations.

NOAA NCEI Global Historical Climatology Network Daily.

Federal disaster declarations

25 since 1953. The most recent: Severe Storms, Straight-Line Winds, Tornadoes, and Flooding, August 3, 2026.

Federal disaster declarations
Aug 3, 2026Severe StormSevere Storms, Straight-Line Winds, Tornadoes, and FloodingMajor disasterDR-4929-MO
Jun 30, 2026Severe StormSevere Storms, Tornadoes, and FloodingMajor disasterDR-4924-MO
Sep 1, 2021Severe StormSevere Storms, Straight-Line Winds, Tornadoes, and FloodingMajor disasterDR-4612-MO
Mar 26, 2020BiologicalCovid-19 PandemicMajor disasterDR-4490-MO
Mar 13, 2020BiologicalCovid-19EmergencyEM-3482-MO
Jul 9, 2019Severe StormSevere Storms, Tornadoes, and FloodingMajor disasterDR-4451-MO
May 20, 2019FloodSevere Storms, Straight-Line Winds, and FloodingMajor disasterDR-4435-MO
Aug 7, 2015Severe StormSevere Storms, Tornadoes, Straight-Line Winds, and FloodingMajor disasterDR-4238-MO
Oct 31, 2014Severe StormSevere Storms, Tornadoes, Straight-Line Winds, and FloodingMajor disasterDR-4200-MO
Aug 12, 2011FloodFloodingMajor disasterDR-4012-MO
Jun 30, 2011FloodFloodingEmergencyEM-3325-MO
Feb 3, 2011Severe StormSevere Winter StormEmergencyEM-3317-MO
Aug 17, 2010Severe StormSevere Storms, Flooding, and TornadoesMajor disasterDR-1934-MO
Jan 30, 2009Severe Ice StormSevere Winter StormEmergencyEM-3303-MO
Jun 25, 2008Severe StormSevere Storms and FloodingMajor disasterDR-1773-MO
Dec 27, 2007Severe Ice StormSevere Winter StormsMajor disasterDR-1736-MO
Dec 12, 2007Severe Ice StormSevere Winter StormsEmergencyEM-3281-MO
Jun 11, 2007Severe StormSevere Storms and FloodingMajor disasterDR-1708-MO
Sep 10, 2005HurricaneHurricane Katrina EvacuationEmergencyEM-3232-MO
Jul 9, 1993FloodSevere Storms & FloodingMajor disasterDR-995-MO
Jun 21, 1984FloodSevere Storms & FloodingMajor disasterDR-713-MO
Jun 10, 1974FloodSevere Storms & FloodingMajor disasterDR-439-MO
Nov 1, 1973FloodSevere Storms & FloodingMajor disasterDR-407-MO
Apr 19, 1973Severe StormHeavy Rains, Tornadoes & FloodingMajor disasterDR-372-MO
Jul 27, 1965FloodSevere Storms & FloodingMajor disasterDR-203-MO

This product uses the Federal Emergency Management Agency's OpenFEMA API, but is not endorsed by FEMA. The Federal Government or FEMA cannot vouch for the data or analyses derived from these data after the data have been retrieved from the Agency's website(s).

OpenFEMA Disaster Declarations Summaries, retrieved October 30, 2026. Statewide declarations are not listed.

How this compares

Where Holt County stands among 115 counties in Missouri and 3,143 in the United States.

Ranks
Tornadoes since 19501596 / 1151,879 / 3,143
Tornadoes rated F3/EF3 or stronger0——
Tropical cyclones within 50 mi0——
Hurricane-strength passes within 50 mi0——
Wildfire acres since 19841,86326 / 1151,184 / 3,143
Flood insurance claims1,2546 / 115277 / 3,143
Flood insurance paid$39.3 million5 / 115187 / 3,143
Disaster declarations2552 / 115769 / 3,143
Flood events since 199625102 / 1152,296 / 3,143
Hail and wind events since 199616293 / 1152,276 / 3,143
Winter storm events since 199637114 / 1152,287 / 3,143
Reported damage since 1996$2.0 million89 / 1152,776 / 3,143
River crests at major flood stage0——
High tide flooding days a year, last 10 years0.0——
Months in severe drought since 189514917 / 115958 / 3,143
Medium or heavy smoke days a year, last 10 years26.16 / 115530 / 3,143
Earthquakes M4+ within 50 mi since 1900133 / 1151,397 / 3,143
Earthquakes M2.5+ in the county since 19730——

Neighbouring counties

Neighbouring counties
Andrew County2500146
Atchison County1900146
Doniphan County KS210095
Nemaha County NE220049
Nodaway County39007
Richardson County NE240085

Sources and vintage

Every number on this page comes from these public records.

  • Tornadoes NOAA Storm Prediction Center severe weather database, through 2025.
  • Tropical cyclones NOAA National Hurricane Center HURDAT2 (Atlantic; Northeast and Central Pacific), through 2025.
  • Wildfire USGS/USFS Monitoring Trends in Burn Severity, through 2026.
  • Storm events NOAA NCEI Storm Events Database, through 2026.
  • Flood insurance OpenFEMA NFIP Redacted Claims v3, refreshed August 4, 2026.
  • Declarations OpenFEMA Disaster Declarations Summaries v2, retrieved October 30, 2026.
  • Weather records NOAA NCEI Global Historical Climatology Network Daily, station USW00094957.
  • River crests NOAA National Weather Service, National Water Prediction Service river gauges, retrieved October 30, 2026.
  • Drought NOAA NCEI nClimDiv county Palmer Drought Severity Index, through September 2026.
  • Smoke NOAA NESDIS Hazard Mapping System smoke analysis, retrieved October 30, 2026.
  • Earthquakes USGS ANSS Comprehensive Earthquake Catalog (ComCat), retrieved October 30, 2026.

Joins, thresholds and known limits are set out in the methodology. Found an error? Report it. Page built October 30, 2026.