Hettinger County

Population 2,492 (2025) 1,132 sq mi

Property owners in Hettinger County have filed 89 federal flood insurance claims since 1978, 15th most of 53 counties in North Dakota.

Hazard fingerprint for Hettinger County Tornado: 25th percentile. Tropical: 0th percentile. Wildfire: 0th percentile. Flood: 31th percentile. Hail & wind: 27th percentile. Heat: 4th percentile. Cold: 74th percentile. Winter: 64th percentile. TORTROPFIREFLOODSEVEREHEATCOLDWINTER

Hazard fingerprint Each spoke is this county’s percentile among U.S. counties where that hazard occurs. How it is computed

2026
  • Tornado damage paths since 195020
  • Major flood years since 19781

At a glance

The record for Hettinger County in eight numbers. Each links to its section below.

Flood insurance claims

89

15th of 53 in North Dakota

$238,000 paid since 1978

Details

Tornadoes since 1950

20

40th of 53 in North Dakota

Fewer than the typical North Dakota county, which has had 27

Details

Strongest tornado

F4

June 29, 1975, 68.0 mile path

Federal disaster declarations

19

Most recent: Flooding, 2023

Details

Record high

114°F

Reached 2 times, most recently July 10, 1936

Details

Record low

−46°F

February 14, 1936

Details

Snowiest season

86.6in

Winter of 1949-50

Costliest event since 1996

$2.0M

Blizzard, January 24, 2010

Details

Tornadoes

About one every 3.8 years since 1950, one of them rated F3/EF3 or stronger.

Strongest

June 29, 1975

F4, 68.0 mile path

880 yards wide; 1 killed along the whole path.

Most recent

Friday, July 12, 2019

EF1, 2.9 mile path

7 years ago.

Tornadoes by decade Doppler radar era² 1950s: 1 1 1960s: 2 2 1970s: 5 5 1980s: 1 1 1990s: 0 2000s: 8 8 2010s: 3 3 2020s: 0 1950s1960s1970s1980s1990s2000s2010s2020s
Recorded tornadoes per decade. The 2020s are incomplete.
Tornadoes by month J: 0 F: 0 M: 0 A: 0 M: 0 J: 11 11 J: 5 A: 4 S: 0 O: 0 N: 0 D: 0 JFMAMJJASOND
By month of occurrence, all years.

Every recorded tornado

Tornadoes in Hettinger County since 1950
Jul 12, 2019EF12.920000
Jun 21, 2016EF13.23500
Jun 12, 2011EF00.12000
Jun 24, 2009EF018.85000
Jun 26, 2005F13.06000
Jun 26, 2005F14.07000
Jun 1, 2005F116.07000
Jun 1, 2005F111.07000
Jul 3, 2001F00.04000
Jul 3, 2001F09.04000
Jul 6, 2000F020.05000
Jun 4, 1980F00.11000
Jun 15, 1978F10.31000
Jul 12, 1976F17.45000
Jun 11, 1976F11.01000
Aug 22, 1975F122.12700
Jun 29, 1975F468.088041
Aug 29, 1964F20.11000
Aug 29, 1964F00.11000
Aug 14, 1951F10.11000
  1. Injuries and deaths are for the tornado’s whole path, which may extend beyond the county. Deaths recorded within Hettinger County: 1.
  2. Weak tornadoes were under-recorded before Doppler radar coverage became national in the early 1990s, so earlier decades read low. Ratings use the Fujita scale before February 2007 and the Enhanced Fujita scale after.

Storm Prediction Center severe weather database, 1950 to 2025.

Hurricanes and tropical storms

No tropical storm or hurricane has tracked within 100 miles since records began in 1851.

Wildfire and smoke

No large wildfire has been mapped here since satellite mapping began in 1984.

Smoke overhead

Smokiest year

2023: 61 days

Heavy smoke on 39 days in 2021, the most of any year.

Last 10 years

32.3 days a year

Medium or heavy smoke, 2016 to 2025.

2025

25 days

Medium or heavy smoke. 38 so far in 2026.

Days with medium or heavy smoke overhead, by year 2011: 3 2012: 28 2013: 15 2014: 13 2015: 27 2016: 13 2017: 21 2018: 37 2019: 11 2020: 23 2021: 60 2022: 19 2023: 61 61 2024: 53 2025: 25 201120122013201420152016201720182019202020212022202320242025
Days each year on which a satellite-traced plume of medium or heavy smoke covered the county’s population centre, 2011 to 2025.
  1. A smoke day is a date on which a smoke plume traced by NOAA Hazard Mapping System analysts from satellite imagery covered this place's point (the county's population centre or the city centre). Counts here are of medium or heavy smoke. Since 2018 analysts have often drawn light smoke as one area over most of the continent, so light-smoke counts are not comparable from year to year. The plumes show smoke anywhere in the air above, not air quality at the ground, and smoke hidden by cloud is missed.

NOAA Hazard Mapping System smoke analysis, 2011 to 2026, retrieved October 30, 2026.

Floods and flood insurance

89 federal flood insurance claims since 1978, with $238,000 paid.

Federal flood insurance claims by year 1978: 53 53 1982: 20 1997: 10 1978
Claims per year since 1978. Years with fewer than five claims are not shown.

Most claims in one year

1978: 53 claims

$137,000 paid.

2nd most

1982: 20 claims

$24,000 paid.

3rd most

1997: 10 claims

$68,000 paid.

Claims by ZIP code

Flood insurance claims by ZIP code
5864689$238,000

Flood events since 1996

  • Flood5
  • Flash Flood4
  • Heavy Rain1

2 deaths recorded in flood events since 1996.

This product uses the Federal Emergency Management Agency's OpenFEMA API, but is not endorsed by FEMA. The Federal Government or FEMA cannot vouch for the data or analyses derived from these data after the data have been retrieved from the Agency's website(s).

OpenFEMA NFIP Redacted Claims v3, refreshed August 4, 2026. NOAA Storm Events through 2026.

River crests

Most severe crest

April 16, 1950

Cannonball River at Regent, 26.10 ft

4.10 feet above the 22.0 ft flood stage; major flooding by today’s categories.

Most recent moderate or major crest

April 16, 1950

Cannonball River at Regent, 26.10 ft

Major flooding.

Highest river crests above flood stage
Apr 16, 1950Cannonball River at Regent26.10+4.10Major
Apr 12, 1982Cannonball River at Regent21.82−0.18Action
Mar 21, 1997Cannonball River at Regent21.01−0.99Action
Mar 23, 1978Cannonball River at Regent20.55−1.45Action
Mar 12, 1972Cannonball River at Regent19.49−2.51Below flood stage
Mar 22, 2009Cannonball River at Regent18.66−3.34Below flood stage
Apr 15, 2009Cannonball River at Regent18.38−3.62Below flood stage
Jun 22, 1957Cannonball River at Regent17.35−4.65Below flood stage
Mar 24, 2019Cannonball River at Regent17.35−4.65Below flood stage
May 9, 1970Cannonball River at Regent16.85−5.15Below flood stage
Apr 7, 1952Cannonball River at Regent15.77−6.23Below flood stage
Mar 2, 1986Cannonball River at Regent15.22−6.78Below flood stage
Jun 22, 1984Cannonball River at Regent14.66−7.34Below flood stage
Jun 25, 1966Cannonball River at Regent14.63−7.37Below flood stage
Mar 21, 2011Cannonball River at Regent14.19−7.81Below flood stage
Jul 8, 1969Cannonball River at Regent14.12−7.88Below flood stage
Jun 15, 1953Cannonball River at Regent14.07−7.93Below flood stage
Apr 8, 2014Cannonball River at Regent13.90−8.10Below flood stage
Jun 18, 1964Cannonball River at Regent13.49−8.51Below flood stage
Apr 29, 1975Cannonball River at Regent13.00−9.00Below flood stage
Jun 8, 1994Cannonball River at Regent12.84−9.16Below flood stage
Jun 1, 2018Cannonball River at Regent11.58−10.42Below flood stage
Apr 1, 2010Cannonball River at Regent10.96−11.04Below flood stage
Jun 11, 2013Cannonball River at Regent8.33−13.67Below flood stage
Jul 2, 2005Cannonball River at Regent8.32−13.68Below flood stage

River gauges

River gauges and their highest listed crests
Cannonball River at Regent22.026.10 ftApr 16, 19501
  1. Crests are the highest and the recent crests the National Weather Service lists for each river gauge in the county that has a flood stage, not every flood. Flood categories use each gauge's current flood stages; crests from before levees, dams or channel changes may not be comparable. Crests measured on an old datum are left out of the rankings.

NOAA National Water Prediction Service gauge records, retrieved October 30, 2026.

Drought

In severe drought or worse for 216 of 1,581 months since 1895 (14%); the longest spell lasted 29 months.

216

Months in severe drought or worse since 1895

94

Months in extreme drought

14%

Share of all months, severe or worse

22

Drought reports to the Weather Service since 1996

Lowest reading

September 1936

−7.56, extreme drought

Longest severe spell

29 months

July 1990 to November 1992.

Latest month

September 2026

−1.99, mild drought

Last severe month: July 2026.

Months in severe drought or worse, by year 1895: 0 1896: 0 1897: 0 1898: 0 1899: 0 1900: 2 1901: 4 1902: 0 1903: 0 1904: 0 1905: 0 1906: 0 1907: 0 1908: 0 1909: 0 1910: 0 1911: 1 1912: 0 1913: 0 1914: 0 1915: 0 1916: 0 1917: 1 1918: 2 1919: 7 1920: 1 1921: 4 1922: 0 1923: 0 1924: 0 1925: 0 1926: 0 1927: 0 1928: 0 1929: 0 1930: 0 1931: 0 1932: 0 1933: 2 1934: 8 1935: 6 1936: 8 1937: 12 12 1938: 2 1939: 0 1940: 0 1941: 0 1942: 0 1943: 0 1944: 0 1945: 0 1946: 0 1947: 0 1948: 0 1949: 2 1950: 0 1951: 0 1952: 0 1953: 0 1954: 0 1955: 0 1956: 1 1957: 0 1958: 0 1959: 6 1960: 12 1961: 11 1962: 4 1963: 0 1964: 0 1965: 0 1966: 0 1967: 0 1968: 0 1969: 0 1970: 0 1971: 0 1972: 0 1973: 0 1974: 0 1975: 0 1976: 0 1977: 0 1978: 0 1979: 0 1980: 8 1981: 7 1982: 0 1983: 0 1984: 0 1985: 0 1986: 0 1987: 0 1988: 7 1989: 6 1990: 6 1991: 12 1992: 11 1993: 0 1994: 0 1995: 0 1996: 0 1997: 0 1998: 0 1999: 0 2000: 0 2001: 0 2002: 7 2003: 7 2004: 4 2005: 0 2006: 2 2007: 0 2008: 6 2009: 0 2010: 0 2011: 0 2012: 7 2013: 3 2014: 0 2015: 0 2016: 2 2017: 8 2018: 7 2019: 0 2020: 0 2021: 4 2022: 0 2023: 0 2024: 3 2025: 2 18951905191519251935194519551965197519851995200520152025
Months each year with a Palmer index of −3 or lower, 1895 to 2025. Twelve means the whole year.
  1. The Palmer Drought Severity Index is computed by NOAA each month from the county's average temperature and precipitation, relative to the county's own climate. Zero is normal; -3 or lower is severe drought and -4 or lower extreme drought. It describes the long-term balance of moisture, not water supply or crop losses.

NOAA NCEI nClimDiv county Palmer Drought Severity Index, 1895 to September 2026, issued October 6, 2026.

Earthquakes and landslides

1 earthquake of magnitude 2.5 or more within 50 miles since 2026; none reached magnitude 4.

0

Magnitude 2.5+ inside the county since 1973

0

Magnitude 3+ within 50 miles since 1973

0

Magnitude 4+ within 50 miles since 1900

0

Magnitude 5+ within 50 miles since 1900

Largest within 50 miles

August 13, 2026

Magnitude 2.6

2 km SE of Amidon, North Dakota; 21.1 miles away, 3.1 miles deep.

  1. Earthquakes of magnitude 2.5 or more in the USGS Comprehensive Catalog since 1900. Within 50 miles means the epicentre lies within 50 miles of the county boundary (or inside the county).
  2. Small earthquakes were under-recorded before the modern seismic networks of the 1970s and are still missed in remote areas, so early decades read low. Magnitudes are as the catalogue reports them and mix scales (moment, local and body-wave).

USGS ANSS Comprehensive Earthquake Catalog, 1900 to present, retrieved October 30, 2026.

Mapped landslides

277

Landslides mapped, probable or better

0

With a recorded date

1

Source inventory

Mapped by ND GS (277).

  1. Landslides mapped in the USGS compilation of landslide inventories across the United States (version 3.0, 2025), rated probable or better. The compilation joins inventories made by federal and state agencies for different purposes and areas, so the number mapped in a county reflects how closely it has been surveyed as much as how often its slopes fail. An area with few records may simply not have been mapped. Deaths are as recorded in the inventories; a slide listed in two inventories is counted once.

USGS Landslide Inventories across the United States, version 3.0, retrieved October 27, 2026.

Severe weather and other events

536 events in the National Weather Service record, 472 of them since 1996.

127

Hail reports, 1 inch or larger

21

Hail, 2 inches or larger

90

Damaging gusts, 58 mph+

89

Winter weather events since 1996

1

Heat events since 1996

24

Cold events since 1996

Largest hail

July 13, 2010

4.25 inches

Strongest measured or estimated gust

June 20, 2025

96 mph

More event types since 1996

Other Storm Events types since 1996
Lightning100Jul 1, 1997
Dense fog and smoke100May 17, 2023

Costliest events since 1996

  1. Jan 24, 2010Blizzard, Hettinger$2.0 million
    National Weather Service narrative

    Wind gusts up to near 50 mph combined with falling snow and existing loose snow cover to create widespread blizzard conditions across Hettinger County. The strong winds and blizzard conditions resulted in additional downed power lines and delayed the repair of existing downed power lines. The total estimated damage from this storm (January 18th through January 25th) was over two million dollars.

  2. Jul 12, 2019Tornado$1.6 million
    National Weather Service narrative

    The tornado touched down roughly two miles north-northwest of Mott, and tracked to the south-southeast before lifting about one mile east-southeast of town, having passed through the northeast corner of the city. Extensive tree damage occurred in Mott, mostly from high winds associated with the Rear-Flank Downdraft of the tornado. Farm bins were torn from their foundations, a shed was destroyed, and a very large building on the fairgrounds was collapsed. Near the intersection of ND Highway 8 and 21 the roof was torn from a storage facility. A house just east of there, along ND Highway 21, had the attached garage shifted off its foundation and collapsed. Based on the damage done…

  3. Jan 9, 1997Blizzard, Hettinger$1.5 million
    National Weather Service narrative

    The second blizzard in less than 1 week brought North Dakota to a virtual standstill. This blizzard didn't bring as much snow as the first storm, but the winds gusted from the northwest as high at 40 mph and they lasted for 3 days. Snowfall amounts from this storm varied from 1-2 inches in the southwest to 2-4 inches in the central. But the strong winds combined with this snow as well as the snow from the blizzard a few days earlier created widespread whiteout conditions that lasted for 3 days. There were numerous communities that halted mail delivery and cancelled school. In Emmons Co. every road was blocked by drifts, some as high as 18 feet. In McLean Co. there was a drift at…

  4. Apr 4, 1997Blizzard, Hettinger$1.5 million
    National Weather Service narrative

    New England got 20 inches of snow, Mott got 22.5 inches of snow

  5. Mar 21, 1997Flood, Hettinger$860,000
    National Weather Service narrative

    Warm weather toward the end of March lead to rapid snow melt across southcentral North Dakota. This in turn lead to flooding across much of the area. Near the confluence of Spring Creek and the Knife River, the town of Beulah(Mercer Co) had 150 families evacuated. Sewer lines backed up when the lift stations failed. Up to 4 feet of water flooded streets and lawns. Also in Mercer Co. 1 person was injured when he drove over a section of road that the Knife River washed out. Along the Cannonball River in Hettinger Co., 50 families in the town of Mott were evacuated. In Grant Co., 20 residents along the Cannonball River had to be evacuated. 1 farmer reported losing 50 hogs due to the…

  6. Jul 13, 2010Hail$750,000
    National Weather Service narrative

    County officials reported up to baseball size hail in Mott. All vehicles left outside received major damage. The north side of homes sustained siding damage and broken windows. Roofs were also damaged from the large hail.

  7. Oct 4, 2013Heavy Snow, Hettinger$471,000
    National Weather Service narrative

    Storm total snowfall of six to twelve inches was reported across Hettinger County.

  8. Jul 13, 2010Hail$400,000
    National Weather Service narrative

    County officials reported up to softball size hail in Burt. All vehicles left outside received major damage. The north side of homes sustained siding damage and broken windows. Roofs were also damaged from the large hail.

  9. Mar 19, 2012Wildfire, Hettinger$300,000
    National Weather Service narrative

    The grass fire started north of New England in northern Hettinger County, and burned north, on southerly winds, into southern Stark County. The fire traveled at least five miles. There were two injuries and two farmsteads were destroyed.

  10. Jun 17, 2016Thunderstorm Wind$250,000
    National Weather Service narrative

    Damaging winds of 80 mph were accompanied by 2.25 inch diameter hail to cause extensive damage to outbuildings and windows on a farm to the north of Burt. Grain bins were torn off their foundations and thrown into a nearby field. Crops were flattened.

  1. Storm Events records before 1996 cover only tornadoes, thunderstorm wind and hail. Damage figures are as reported by the National Weather Service at the time, not adjusted for inflation.

NOAA NCEI Storm Events Database, 1950 to 2026, issued October 26, 2026.

Weather records

From New England, 15.7 miles from the county’s population centre, with records from 1894.

All-time high
114°F2 times, most recently Jul 10, 1936
All-time low
−46°FFeb 14, 1936
Warmest night
87°FJul 17, 1936
Coldest day
−30°FJan 12, 1916
Wettest day
4.07 inJun 18, 1998
Snowiest day
18.0 inApr 5, 1997
Hottest year
2012mean 47.4°F
Coldest year
1951mean 38.3°F
Wettest year
201923.89 in
Driest year
19176.96 in
Snowiest season
86.6 in1949-50
Average monthly high and low temperature and precipitation, last 30 years, New England 32°F 28° 7° 0.2 Jan 31° 9° 0.3 Feb 43° 19° 0.7 Mar 55° 29° 1.5 Apr 67° 41° 2.8 May 76° 51° 2.9 Jun 85° 57° 1.9 Jul 84° 54° 1.9 Aug 75° 45° 1.6 Sep 58° 32° 1.2 Oct 42° 19° 0.3 Nov 31° 9° 0.2 Dec Precipitation, inches
Average daily high and low by month, and average monthly precipitation, over the last 30 years.
Days reaching 95°F per year 1976: 12 1977: 6 1978: 9 1979: 3 1980: 9 1981: 7 1987: 4 1988: 29 29 1989: 9 1990: 8 1991: 10 1992: 2 1993: 0 1994: 2 1995: 6 1996: 5 1997: 2 1998: 4 1999: 4 2000: 7 2001: 7 2002: 9 2003: 12 2004: 2 2005: 5 2006: 16 2007: 12 2008: 5 2009: 0 2010: 5 2011: 5 2012: 16 2014: 0 2015: 8 2016: 7 2017: 10 2018: 9 2019: 0 2020: 8 2021: 20 2023: 4 2024: 11 2025: 6 19761991200120112023
Days reaching 95°F each complete year, last 50 years. Thirty-year average: 7.1.
Snowfall by winter 1976: 33.0 in 1977: 61.0 in 1978: 50.0 in 1980: 13.5 in 1981: 67.0 in 1985: 67.7 in 1986: 37.5 in 1987: 31.5 in 1988: 45.5 in 1989: 45.5 in 1990: 32.5 in 1991: 37.0 in 1992: 52.8 in 1993: 64.5 in 1994: 34.0 in 1995: 46.3 in 1996: 64.5 in 1997: 26.5 in 1998: 52.5 in 1999: 23.3 in 2000: 43.2 in 2001: 48.0 in 2002: 30.4 in 2003: 43.3 in 2004: 29.5 in 2006: 43.5 in 2007: 9.5 in 2008: 82.3 in 82.3 2009: 42.5 in 2018: 62.0 in 2019: 47.3 in 2020: 22.5 in 2022: 56.1 in 2025: 36.4 in 1976199020002019
Total snowfall each winter (July to June), last 50 winters.

Median first snow

October 27

Earliest: September 12, 1903

Median last snow

April 9

Latest: June 6, 2009

0 of 59 winters had no measurable snow.

Station New England (USC00326315), 2,600 ft elevation, 15.7 miles from the population centre. Daily records from 1894 to August 31, 2026; 96.0% of days in the last 30 years are complete. Records at a single station can differ from a city’s official threaded record, which may combine several stations.

NOAA NCEI Global Historical Climatology Network Daily.

Federal disaster declarations

19 since 1953. The most recent: Flooding, July 5, 2023.

Federal disaster declarations
Jul 5, 2023FloodFloodingMajor disasterDR-4717-ND
Jul 13, 2022Severe StormSevere Winter Storm and FloodingMajor disasterDR-4660-ND
Apr 1, 2020BiologicalCovid-19 PandemicMajor disasterDR-4509-ND
Mar 13, 2020BiologicalCovid-19EmergencyEM-3477-ND
Jun 12, 2019FloodFloodingMajor disasterDR-4444-ND
Oct 31, 2013Severe StormSevere Winter StormMajor disasterDR-4154-ND
Feb 26, 2010Severe StormSevere Winter StormMajor disasterDR-1879-ND
Mar 24, 2009Severe StormSevere Storms and FloodingMajor disasterDR-1829-ND
Sep 13, 2005Coastal StormHurricane Katrina EvacuationEmergencyEM-3247-ND
Apr 7, 1997FloodSevere Flooding,Severe Winter Storms, Snowmelt, Spring RainsMajor disasterDR-1174-ND
Jan 12, 1997Severe StormSevere Winter Storms and Blizzard ConditionsMajor disasterDR-1157-ND
Jul 1, 1994Severe StormSevere Storms, FloodingMajor disasterDR-1032-ND
Jul 26, 1993FloodSevere Storms & FloodingMajor disasterDR-1001-ND
May 11, 1982FloodFloodingMajor disasterDR-658-ND
Apr 17, 1978FloodStorms, Ice Jams, Snowmelt & FloodingMajor disasterDR-554-ND
Feb 16, 1978SnowstormBlizzard & SnowstormsEmergencyEM-3061-ND
Jul 11, 1975FloodSevere Storms & FloodingMajor disasterDR-475-ND
Jun 5, 1970FloodSevere Storms & FloodingMajor disasterDR-287-ND
Jul 9, 1966FloodSevere Storms & FloodingMajor disasterDR-220-ND

This product uses the Federal Emergency Management Agency's OpenFEMA API, but is not endorsed by FEMA. The Federal Government or FEMA cannot vouch for the data or analyses derived from these data after the data have been retrieved from the Agency's website(s).

OpenFEMA Disaster Declarations Summaries, retrieved October 30, 2026. Statewide declarations are not listed.

How this compares

Where Hettinger County stands among 53 counties in North Dakota and 3,143 in the United States.

Ranks
Tornadoes since 19502040 / 531,572 / 3,143
Tornadoes rated F3/EF3 or stronger116 / 531,281 / 3,143
Tropical cyclones within 50 mi0——
Hurricane-strength passes within 50 mi0——
Wildfire acres since 19840——
Flood insurance claims8915 / 531,347 / 3,143
Flood insurance paid$238,00023 / 532,067 / 3,143
Disaster declarations1945 / 531,704 / 3,143
Flood events since 19961039 / 532,902 / 3,143
Hail and wind events since 199630323 / 531,192 / 3,143
Winter storm events since 19968946 / 531,113 / 3,143
Reported damage since 1996$12.2 million40 / 531,825 / 3,143
River crests at major flood stage122 / 531,446 / 3,143
High tide flooding days a year, last 10 years0.0——
Months in severe drought since 18952164 / 53222 / 3,143
Medium or heavy smoke days a year, last 10 years32.350 / 53110 / 3,143
Earthquakes M4+ within 50 mi since 19000——
Earthquakes M2.5+ in the county since 19730——

Neighbouring counties

Neighbouring counties
Adams County1402,9431
Grant County2706,21513
Slope County11010,1990
Stark County26017430

Sources and vintage

Every number on this page comes from these public records.

  • Tornadoes NOAA Storm Prediction Center severe weather database, through 2025.
  • Tropical cyclones NOAA National Hurricane Center HURDAT2 (Atlantic; Northeast and Central Pacific), through 2025.
  • Wildfire USGS/USFS Monitoring Trends in Burn Severity, through 2026.
  • Storm events NOAA NCEI Storm Events Database, through 2026.
  • Flood insurance OpenFEMA NFIP Redacted Claims v3, refreshed August 4, 2026.
  • Declarations OpenFEMA Disaster Declarations Summaries v2, retrieved October 30, 2026.
  • Weather records NOAA NCEI Global Historical Climatology Network Daily, station USC00326315.
  • River crests NOAA National Weather Service, National Water Prediction Service river gauges, retrieved October 30, 2026.
  • Drought NOAA NCEI nClimDiv county Palmer Drought Severity Index, through September 2026.
  • Smoke NOAA NESDIS Hazard Mapping System smoke analysis, retrieved October 30, 2026.
  • Landslides USGS Landslide Inventories across the United States, version 3.0 (2025).
  • Earthquakes USGS ANSS Comprehensive Earthquake Catalog (ComCat), retrieved October 30, 2026.

Joins, thresholds and known limits are set out in the methodology. Found an error? Report it. Page built October 30, 2026.