Pickens County
Population 139,198 (2025) 497 sq mi
Pickens County has recorded 35 tornadoes since 1950, 13th most of 46 counties in South Carolina; the most recent was on May 3, 2025.
Hazard fingerprint Each spoke is this county’s percentile among U.S. counties where that hazard occurs. How it is computed
- Tornado damage paths since 195035
- Tropical cyclone tracks within 100 miles since 1851, wider where stronger18
- Wildfire burn scars since 19842
At a glance
The record for Pickens County in eight numbers. Each links to its section below.
Tornadoes since 1950
35
13th of 46 in South Carolina
40% more than the typical South Carolina county
DetailsAcres burned since 1984
9,007
8th of 46 in South Carolina
2 large fires; the largest was Table Rock Complex, 2025
DetailsTropical cyclones within 50 mi
6
45th of 46 in South Carolina
None at hurricane strength since 1851
DetailsStrongest tornado
EF3
April 13, 2020, 16.7 mile path
Strongest tropical cyclone
TS
Tropical storm (unnamed), 1949, 18.0 miles away
Tornadoes
About one every 2.2 years since 1950, one of them rated F3/EF3 or stronger.
Strongest
April 13, 2020
EF3, 16.7 mile path
1,000 yards wide; 1 killed along the whole path.
Most recent
Saturday, May 3, 2025
EF0, 2.7 mile path
Within the past year.
Every recorded tornado
| May 3, 2025 | EF0 | 2.7 | 0 | 0 |
| Aug 3, 2023 | EF0 | 1.4 | 0 | 0 |
| Aug 3, 2023 | EF0 | 0.7 | 0 | 0 |
| May 6, 2022 | EF1 | 0.5 | 0 | 0 |
| Mar 23, 2022 | EF0 | 0.1 | 0 | 0 |
| Mar 23, 2022 | EF2 | 6.2 | 0 | 0 |
| Apr 13, 2020 | EF0 | 7.4 | 0 | 0 |
| Apr 13, 2020 | EF2 | 8.0 | 8 | 0 |
| Apr 13, 2020 | EF3 | 16.7 | 5 | 1 |
| Oct 8, 2017 | EF2 | 8.4 | 0 | 0 |
| Apr 3, 2017 | EF0 | 2.8 | 0 | 0 |
| Apr 3, 2017 | EF0 | 0.1 | 0 | 0 |
| Nov 30, 2010 | EF1 | 2.7 | 0 | 0 |
| Aug 26, 2008 | EF2 | 5.5 | 0 | 0 |
| Aug 26, 2008 | EF0 | 0.1 | 0 | 0 |
| Aug 26, 2008 | EF1 | 6.8 | 0 | 0 |
| Jan 5, 2007 | EFU | 0.1 | 15 | 0 |
| Apr 22, 2005 | F1 | 8.0 | 0 | 0 |
| Jul 13, 2003 | F1 | 12.0 | 0 | 0 |
| Jul 13, 2003 | F1 | 12.0 | 0 | 0 |
| May 2, 2003 | F1 | 2.3 | 1 | 0 |
| Apr 3, 2000 | F1 | 3.0 | 0 | 0 |
| Jan 7, 1998 | F2 | 1.5 | 4 | 0 |
| May 1, 1995 | F0 | 1.0 | 0 | 0 |
| Jun 26, 1994 | F1 | 8.0 | 0 | 0 |
| Mar 31, 1993 | F0 | 0.1 | 0 | 0 |
| Feb 14, 1991 | F1 | 2.0 | 0 | 0 |
| Feb 10, 1990 | F1 | 3.0 | 0 | 0 |
| Feb 10, 1990 | F1 | 3.0 | 1 | 0 |
| Nov 10, 1987 | F1 | 0.7 | 0 | 0 |
| Dec 5, 1977 | F1 | 1.0 | 0 | 0 |
| Mar 24, 1975 | F1 | 10.6 | 5 | 0 |
| May 27, 1973 | F2 | 23.6 | 0 | 0 |
| Mar 31, 1973 | F2 | 12.4 | 0 | 0 |
| Aug 18, 1961 | F1 | 0.1 | 0 | 0 |
- Injuries and deaths are for the tornado’s whole path, which may extend beyond the county. Deaths recorded within Pickens County: 0.
- Weak tornadoes were under-recorded before Doppler radar coverage became national in the early 1990s, so earlier decades read low. Ratings use the Fujita scale before February 2007 and the Enhanced Fujita scale after.
Storm Prediction Center severe weather database, 1950 to 2025.
Hurricanes and tropical storms
6 passed within 50 miles since 1851; none at hurricane strength.
Strongest within 50 miles
August 28, 1949
Unnamed storm, Tropical storm
18.0 miles at closest approach, winds near 58 mph.
Most recent
September 27, 2024
Helene, Tropical storm
24.2 miles at closest approach.
Every storm within 100 miles
| Helene | 2024 | 24.2 | Tropical storm |
| Zeta | 2020 | 42.6 | Tropical storm |
| Michael | 2018 | 67.0 | Tropical storm |
| Hugo | 1989 | 68.9 | Tropical storm |
| Eloise | 1975 | 74.0 | Tropical storm |
| Unnamed | 1965 | 76.3 | Post-tropical |
| Gracie | 1959 | 64.9 | Tropical storm |
| Able | 1952 | 96.5 | Tropical storm |
| Unnamed | 1949 | 18.0 | Tropical storm |
| Unnamed | 1946 | 88.1 | Post-tropical |
| Unnamed | 1932 | 84.7 | Post-tropical |
| Unnamed | 1927 | 95.7 | Tropical storm |
| Unnamed | 1916 | 0.0 | Tropical storm |
| Unnamed | 1915 | 66.1 | Tropical storm |
| Unnamed | 1912 | 42.5 | Post-tropical |
| Unnamed | 1907 | 0.0 | Post-tropical |
| Unnamed | 1902 | 0.0 | Post-tropical |
| Unnamed | 1901 | 3.7 | Post-tropical |
| Unnamed | 1893 | 59.5 | Tropical storm |
| Unnamed | 1893 | 94.4 | Category 1 |
| Unnamed | 1889 | 60.6 | Tropical storm |
| Unnamed | 1886 | 54.6 | Tropical storm |
| Unnamed | 1882 | 31.2 | Tropical storm |
| Unnamed | 1859 | 29.5 | Tropical storm |
| Unnamed | 1852 | 97.2 | Tropical storm |
- Tropical storms and hurricanes (34 kt or more, still tropical) at closest approach. Post-tropical remnants with gale-force winds are listed but not counted. Direct: track within 50 miles; near: within 100 miles. Distance is measured to the county boundary for counties and to the city centre for cities, using positions interpolated hourly between HURDAT2 fixes.
National Hurricane Center HURDAT2, 1851 to 2025.
Wildfire and smoke
9,007 acres burned in 2 large fires since 1984, equal to 2.8% of the land.
Largest
March 24, 2025
Table Rock Complex, 14,098 acres
5,884 acres inside Pickens County.
Most recent
March 24, 2025
Table Rock Complex
14,098 acres in total.
Every large fire
| Table Rock Complex | 2025 | 5,884 | 14,098 |
| Pinnacle Mountain | 2016 | 3,122 | 7,871 |
- Large fires mapped by the Monitoring Trends in Burn Severity program since 1984: 1,000 acres or more in the West, 500 or more in the East. Prescribed burns are excluded. Acres here are the part of each perimeter inside this place.
Monitoring Trends in Burn Severity (USGS and U.S. Forest Service), 1984 to 2026.
Smoke overhead
Smokiest year
2023: 41 days
Heavy smoke on 4 days in 2023, the most of any year.
Last 10 years
9.5 days a year
Medium or heavy smoke, 2016 to 2025.
2025
8 days
Medium or heavy smoke. 31 so far in 2026.
- A smoke day is a date on which a smoke plume traced by NOAA Hazard Mapping System analysts from satellite imagery covered this place's point (the county's population centre or the city centre). Counts here are of medium or heavy smoke. Since 2018 analysts have often drawn light smoke as one area over most of the continent, so light-smoke counts are not comparable from year to year. The plumes show smoke anywhere in the air above, not air quality at the ground, and smoke hidden by cloud is missed.
NOAA Hazard Mapping System smoke analysis, 2011 to 2026, retrieved October 30, 2026.
Floods and flood insurance
63 federal flood insurance claims since 1979, with $1.7 million paid.
Most claims in one year
2024: 13 claims
$1.0 million paid.
2nd most
2004: 7 claims
$192,000 paid.
3rd most
1989: 5 claims
$59,000 paid.
Claims by ZIP code
| 29642 | 15 | $262,000 |
| 29640 | 12 | $564,000 |
| 29631 | 10 | $25,000 |
| 29671 | 9 | $259,000 |
| 29661 | 7 | $272,000 |
Flood events since 1996
- Flash Flood31
- Flood16
- Heavy Rain8
2 deaths recorded in flood events since 1996.
This product uses the Federal Emergency Management Agency's OpenFEMA API, but is not endorsed by FEMA. The Federal Government or FEMA cannot vouch for the data or analyses derived from these data after the data have been retrieved from the Agency's website(s).
OpenFEMA NFIP Redacted Claims v3, refreshed August 4, 2026. NOAA Storm Events through 2026.
River crests
Most severe crest
February 7, 2020
Twelve mile creek near Liberty, 17.26 ft
7.26 feet above the 10.0 ft flood stage; major flooding by today’s categories.
Most recent moderate or major crest
September 28, 2024
Twelve mile creek near Liberty, 15.50 ft
Moderate flooding.
River gauges
| Seneca River at Jocassee Dam | 102.0 | 100.82 ft | 0 |
| Seneca River at Keowee Dam | 102.0 | 100.48 ft | 0 |
| Twelve mile creek near Liberty | 10.0 | 17.26 ft | 1 |
- Crests are the highest and the recent crests the National Weather Service lists for each river gauge in the county that has a flood stage, not every flood. Flood categories use each gauge's current flood stages; crests from before levees, dams or channel changes may not be comparable. Crests measured on an old datum are left out of the rankings.
NOAA National Water Prediction Service gauge records, retrieved October 30, 2026.
Drought
In severe drought or worse for 151 of 1,581 months since 1895 (10%); the longest spell lasted 19 months.
151
Months in severe drought or worse since 1895
48
Months in extreme drought
10%
Share of all months, severe or worse
77
Drought reports to the Weather Service since 1996
Lowest reading
September 1925
−6.05, extreme drought
Longest severe spell
19 months
August 2007 to February 2009.
Latest month
September 2026
−4.03, extreme drought
- The Palmer Drought Severity Index is computed by NOAA each month from the county's average temperature and precipitation, relative to the county's own climate. Zero is normal; -3 or lower is severe drought and -4 or lower extreme drought. It describes the long-term balance of moisture, not water supply or crop losses.
NOAA NCEI nClimDiv county Palmer Drought Severity Index, 1895 to September 2026, issued October 6, 2026.
Earthquakes and landslides
2 earthquakes of magnitude 4 or more within 50 miles since 1900; the largest was magnitude 5.2 in 1916.
0
Magnitude 2.5+ inside the county since 1973
14
Magnitude 3+ within 50 miles since 1973
2
Magnitude 4+ within 50 miles since 1900
1
Magnitude 5+ within 50 miles since 1900
Largest within 50 miles
February 21, 1916
Near Asheville, North Carolina; 29.7 miles away.
Most recent, magnitude 3 or more
August 23, 2025
Magnitude 3.0
3 km N of Coronaca, South Carolina; 43.2 miles away.
Every earthquake of magnitude 4 or more within 50 miles
| Feb 21, 1916 | 5.2 | 29.7 |
| Jan 1, 1913 | 4.3 | 39.7 |
- Earthquakes of magnitude 2.5 or more in the USGS Comprehensive Catalog since 1900. Within 50 miles means the epicentre lies within 50 miles of the county boundary (or inside the county).
- Small earthquakes were under-recorded before the modern seismic networks of the 1970s and are still missed in remote areas, so early decades read low. Magnitudes are as the catalogue reports them and mix scales (moment, local and body-wave).
USGS ANSS Comprehensive Earthquake Catalog, 1900 to present, retrieved October 30, 2026.
Mapped landslides
1
Landslides mapped, probable or better
1
With a recorded date
1
Source inventory
Mapped by NASA (1).
- Landslides mapped in the USGS compilation of landslide inventories across the United States (version 3.0, 2025), rated probable or better. The compilation joins inventories made by federal and state agencies for different purposes and areas, so the number mapped in a county reflects how closely it has been surveyed as much as how often its slopes fail. An area with few records may simply not have been mapped. Deaths are as recorded in the inventories; a slide listed in two inventories is counted once.
USGS Landslide Inventories across the United States, version 3.0, retrieved October 27, 2026.
Severe weather and other events
919 events in the National Weather Service record, 802 of them since 1996.
89
Hail reports, 1 inch or larger
2
Hail, 2 inches or larger
242
Damaging gusts, 58 mph+
165
Winter weather events since 1996
2
Heat events since 1996
27
Cold events since 1996
Largest hail
May 3, 1998
2.75 inches
Strongest measured or estimated gust
April 10, 1990
115 mph
More event types since 1996
| Lightning | 6 | 0 |
| Dense fog and smoke | 7 | 0 |
Costliest events since 1996
- Dec 4, 2002Ice Storm, Greater Pickens$7.0 million
National Weather Service narrative
Freezing rain began across upstate South Carolina during the early afternoon of the 4th, and had spread into the eastern piedmont by mid afternoon. Resultant damage due to ice accumulation began during the mid-to-late afternoon. The intensity of the freezing rain increased after midnight, and by dawn on the 5th, devastating ice accumulations of 1/2 to 1 1/2 inches were observed, with the hardest hit areas being along the I-85 corridor, from Anderson, to Greenville-Spartanburg, to Gaffney. Hundreds of thousands lost power, and the outages lasted for as long as 2 weeks in some areas.
- Dec 4, 2002Ice Storm, Pickens Mountains$3.0 million
National Weather Service narrative
Freezing rain began across upstate South Carolina during the early afternoon of the 4th, and had spread into the eastern piedmont by mid afternoon. Resultant damage due to ice accumulation began during the mid-to-late afternoon. The intensity of the freezing rain increased after midnight, and by dawn on the 5th, devastating ice accumulations of 1/2 to 1 1/2 inches were observed, with the hardest hit areas being along the I-85 corridor, from Anderson, to Greenville-Spartanburg, to Gaffney. Hundreds of thousands lost power, and the outages lasted for as long as 2 weeks in some areas.
- Jan 7, 1998Tornado$3.0 million
National Weather Service narrative
A tornado developed from a fast moving severe thunderstorm that raced north out of eastern Georgia. The F2 tornado destroyed several houses and mobile homes and severely damaged many other homes and businesses. Damage was sustained to the south of the track of the tornado due to strong inflow into the storm. Damage from severe thunderstorm winds in the rear flank downdraft occurred north into Easley.
- Jan 2, 1999Ice Storm, Northern Pickens$1.5 million
National Weather Service narrative
A shallow cold arctic airmass in place ahead of a developing storm system in the southern Plains set the stage for a significant ice storm for most of the Upstate during the evening of the 2nd. Patchy sleet began during the late morning and became more widespread and heavier during the afternoon - mixing at times with freezing rain. Sleet accumulated to nearly one inch across the foothills before changing to freezing rain in the early evening. Freezing rain continued through the evening, heavy at times and accumulated to damaging levels. Downed trees and power lines caused widespread power outages, totalling 160,000 across the Upstate. Much of the damage to homes was due to ice…
- Jan 2, 1999Ice Storm, Southern Pickens$1.5 million
National Weather Service narrative
A shallow cold arctic airmass in place ahead of a developing storm system in the southern Plains set the stage for a significant ice storm for most of the Upstate during the evening of the 2nd. Patchy sleet began during the late morning and became more widespread and heavier during the afternoon - mixing at times with freezing rain. Sleet accumulated to nearly one inch across the foothills before changing to freezing rain in the early evening. Freezing rain continued through the evening, heavy at times and accumulated to damaging levels. Downed trees and power lines caused widespread power outages, totalling 160,000 across the Upstate. Much of the damage to homes was due to ice…
- Nov 30, 2010Tornado$1.5 million
National Weather Service narrative
A tornado damage path was surveyed starting in the Old Market Square area near downtown Easley. Numerous buildings in the downtown area received minor to significant roof damage. Some trees fell on homes as well. The tornado appeared to lift briefly as it traveled north northeast from the downtown area. However, the damage path appeared again in the Lenhardt Rd area just north of downtown. An anchored mobile home was rolled 60 to 80 feet and completely destroyed at this location. Numerous trees were also uprooted or snapped in this area.
- Feb 6, 2020Flash Flood$1.5 million
National Weather Service narrative
Emergency manager and automated stream gauges reported significant flash flooding developed across Pickens County after 4 to 7 inches of rain, with locally higher amounts fell in about an 18-hour period. More than half of that rain fell in less than 6 hours from daybreak through late morning of the 6th. The main impact was within the Twelvemile Creek basin. A stream gauge on the creek near Liberty exceeded major flood stage by the evening of the 6th. At this level, significant flooding occurs to the Pickens County Flea Market on Highway 183, and most of the bridges over Twelvemile Creek become inundated. One home on Williams Dr was rendered uninhabitable due to water damage. Flash…
- Sep 7, 2004Flood, Greater Pickens$1.3 million
National Weather Service narrative
After earlier flash flooding, general flooding continued into the overnight hours, as moderate to heavy rainfall continued over the county. Many streams overflowed their banks, flooding roads and highways. Water entered some homes and many businesses around Easley, Central, and Pickens. The Saluda Lake flooded homes along its western bank, while Twelve Mile Creek flooded the flea market area. The Oolenoy River flooded miles of farmland. Vegetable crops in the northern part of the county were destroyed. Five bridges in the county were heavily damaged, requiring closure. Many other bridges and roads incurred some damage.
- Apr 16, 2007High Wind, Pickens Mountains$500,000
National Weather Service narrative
After an intense, but relatively brief high wind event affected the mountains and foothills on the evening of the 15th, another widespread damaging high wind event developed during the day of the 16th. However, this particular event included much of the piedmont. Thousands of trees fell across the area, resulting in widespread power outages. Numerous trees fell on roads, homes, and vehicles. A 90-year-old man in Walhalla, SC was killed when a tree fell on and crushed the outbuilding he was in.
- Feb 6, 2020Flood$500,000
National Weather Service narrative
Although heavy rain gradually wound down across Pickens County through the evening, high water conditions persisted, including throughout the Saluda River and Twelvemile Creek basin into the daylight hours of the 7th. Major flooding developed along the Saluda during this time, and the flooding in the west Greenville area was the worst since October 1964. Multiple structures were inundated in extreme southeast Pickens County, including homes on Shady Acres Circle and Old Easley Bridge Rd. Meanwhile. the stream gauge on Twelvemile Creek near Liberty remained in moderate to major flooding until around sunrise on the 7th. However, flooding persisted on the Saluda River, and multiple…
- Storm Events records before 1996 cover only tornadoes, thunderstorm wind and hail. Damage figures are as reported by the National Weather Service at the time, not adjusted for inflation.
NOAA NCEI Storm Events Database, 1950 to 2026, issued October 26, 2026.
Weather records
From Pickens, 5.5 miles from the county’s population centre, with records from 1951.
- All-time high
- 105°F3 times, most recently Aug 21, 1983
- All-time low
- −6°FJan 21, 1985
- Warmest night
- 78°FAug 22, 1968
- Coldest day
- 22°F2 times, most recently Dec 25, 1983
- Wettest day
- 8.02 inSep 7, 2004
- Snowiest day
- 8.5 inJan 22, 1987
- Hottest year
- 1990mean 63.0°F
- Coldest year
- 1996mean 58.3°F
- Wettest year
- 196478.46 in
- Driest year
- 198133.34 in
- Snowiest season
- 11.0 in1971-72
Median first snow
January 7
Earliest: November 11, 1968
Median last snow
February 3
Latest: March 24, 1983
28 of 60 winters had no measurable snow.
Station Pickens (USC00386831), 1,075 ft elevation, 5.5 miles from the population centre. Daily records from 1951 to September 30, 2026; 97.4% of days in the last 30 years are complete. Records at a single station can differ from a city’s official threaded record, which may combine several stations.
NOAA NCEI Global Historical Climatology Network Daily.
Federal disaster declarations
26 since 1953. The most recent: Severe Winter Storm, April 7, 2026.
| Apr 7, 2026 | Winter Storm | DR-4908-SC |
| Jan 23, 2026 | Winter Storm | EM-3632-SC |
| Mar 23, 2025 | Fire | FM-5576-SC |
| Mar 23, 2025 | Fire | FM-5575-SC |
| Sep 29, 2024 | Hurricane | DR-4829-SC |
| Sep 26, 2024 | Tropical Storm | EM-3619-SC |
| Aug 5, 2024 | Tropical Storm | EM-3606-SC |
| Aug 31, 2023 | Hurricane | EM-3597-SC |
| Nov 21, 2022 | Hurricane | DR-4677-SC |
| Sep 29, 2022 | Hurricane | EM-3585-SC |
| May 1, 2020 | Severe Storm | DR-4542-SC |
| Mar 27, 2020 | Biological | DR-4492-SC |
| Mar 17, 2020 | Severe Storm | DR-4479-SC |
| Mar 13, 2020 | Biological | EM-3470-SC |
| Sep 1, 2019 | Hurricane | EM-3421-SC |
| Sep 10, 2018 | Hurricane | EM-3400-SC |
| Oct 16, 2017 | Hurricane | DR-4346-SC |
| Sep 7, 2017 | Hurricane | EM-3386-SC |
| Nov 12, 2016 | Fire | FM-5162-SC |
| Oct 6, 2016 | Hurricane | EM-3378-SC |
| Oct 3, 2015 | Severe Storm | EM-3373-SC |
| Feb 12, 2014 | Severe Ice Storm | EM-3369-SC |
| Jan 20, 2006 | Severe Ice Storm | DR-1625-SC |
| Sep 10, 2005 | Hurricane | EM-3233-SC |
| Oct 7, 2004 | Hurricane | DR-1566-SC |
| Aug 4, 1977 | Drought | EM-3047-SC |
This product uses the Federal Emergency Management Agency's OpenFEMA API, but is not endorsed by FEMA. The Federal Government or FEMA cannot vouch for the data or analyses derived from these data after the data have been retrieved from the Agency's website(s).
OpenFEMA Disaster Declarations Summaries, retrieved October 30, 2026. Statewide declarations are not listed.
How this compares
Where Pickens County stands among 46 counties in South Carolina and 3,143 in the United States.
| Tornadoes since 1950 | 35 | 13 / 46 |
| Tornadoes rated F3/EF3 or stronger | 1 | 20 / 46 |
| Tropical cyclones within 50 mi | 6 | 45 / 46 |
| Hurricane-strength passes within 50 mi | 0 | — |
| Wildfire acres since 1984 | 9,007 | 8 / 46 |
| Flood insurance claims | 63 | 23 / 46 |
| Flood insurance paid | $1.7 million | 20 / 46 |
| Disaster declarations | 26 | 16 / 46 |
| Flood events since 1996 | 55 | 17 / 46 |
| Hail and wind events since 1996 | 441 | 20 / 46 |
| Winter storm events since 1996 | 165 | 1 / 46 |
| Reported damage since 1996 | $26.2 million | 17 / 46 |
| River crests at major flood stage | 1 | 19 / 46 |
| High tide flooding days a year, last 10 years | 0.0 | — |
| Months in severe drought since 1895 | 151 | 9 / 46 |
| Medium or heavy smoke days a year, last 10 years | 9.5 | 3 / 46 |
| Earthquakes M4+ within 50 mi since 1900 | 2 | 26 / 46 |
| Earthquakes M2.5+ in the county since 1973 | 0 | — |
Neighbouring counties
| Anderson County | 38 | 10 |
| Greenville County | 39 | 14 |
| Oconee County | 31 | 6 |
| Transylvania County NC | 3 | 3 |
Sources and vintage
Every number on this page comes from these public records.
- Tornadoes NOAA Storm Prediction Center severe weather database, through 2025.
- Tropical cyclones NOAA National Hurricane Center HURDAT2 (Atlantic; Northeast and Central Pacific), through 2025.
- Wildfire USGS/USFS Monitoring Trends in Burn Severity, through 2026.
- Storm events NOAA NCEI Storm Events Database, through 2026.
- Flood insurance OpenFEMA NFIP Redacted Claims v3, refreshed August 4, 2026.
- Declarations OpenFEMA Disaster Declarations Summaries v2, retrieved October 30, 2026.
- Weather records NOAA NCEI Global Historical Climatology Network Daily, station USC00386831.
- River crests NOAA National Weather Service, National Water Prediction Service river gauges, retrieved October 30, 2026.
- Drought NOAA NCEI nClimDiv county Palmer Drought Severity Index, through September 2026.
- Smoke NOAA NESDIS Hazard Mapping System smoke analysis, retrieved October 30, 2026.
- Landslides USGS Landslide Inventories across the United States, version 3.0 (2025).
- Earthquakes USGS ANSS Comprehensive Earthquake Catalog (ComCat), retrieved October 30, 2026.
Joins, thresholds and known limits are set out in the methodology. Found an error? Report it. Page built October 30, 2026.