The October 15, 1979 earthquake

M6.4The 1979 Imperial Valley Earthquake, California-Baja California, Arizona

A magnitude 6.4 earthquake 9.3 miles deep, 32.3 miles off Yuma County. The 4th strongest in Arizona’s record since 1900, and the strongest within 50 miles since a magnitude 6.6 on October 21, 1942. 199 aftershocks of magnitude 2.5 or more followed within 30 days.

Watch the sequence unfold

Magnitude 6.4 · October 15, 1979

How the ground moved

Every recorded earthquake in the sequence, in order, through the month after.

About this replay

Local time (MST)—Historical replay — logged times

Main shock—

Aftershocks—of 199 in 30 days

Largest so far—

Sequence milestones

EarthquakesSized by magnitude; each flares as it strikes, then fades

Main shockMagnitude 6.4 at 9.3 miles deep

Shaking frontsThe faster and slower seismic waves, drawn at typical speeds of 6 and 3.5 km per second, not measured ones

Sequence areaEarthquakes within 20 miles are counted, the length of fault a magnitude 6.4 typically breaks

Source: U.S. Geological Survey ComCat catalogue, every event it holds within 20 miles of the epicentre from seven days before to 30 days after. Times as logged, shown in local time (MST); the clock runs faster as the sequence slows. Towns are today’s Census places.

The earthquake

Magnitude: 6.4; moment magnitude (mw)
Depth: 9.3 mi; 15.0 km below the surface
Local time: Monday, October 15, 1979; 16:16 MST; 23:16 UTC
Epicentre: 32.67°N, 115.36°W; 32.3 mi from Yuma County
In Arizona’s record: 4th; strongest of 6,972 since 1900
Within 50 miles: 4; counties; more on this date

USGS ANSS Comprehensive Earthquake Catalog, event ci3352060 (“The 1979 Imperial Valley Earthquake, California-Baja California”). The USGS event page carries the ShakeMap, felt reports and the official summary.

Aftershocks

Earthquakes of magnitude 2.5 or more within 20 miles of the epicentre in the 30 days after.

199

Aftershocks in 30 days

5.2

Largest aftershock, Oct 15, 1979 · its page

141

On the first day

In the 7 days before

The search radius is the surface rupture length expected for an earthquake of this magnitude (Wells and Coppersmith, 1994), at least 20 and at most 600 miles, so a great earthquake's sequence is counted along its whole fault.

Counties and cities within 50 miles

Distance from the epicentre to each county boundary (zero when inside) and to each city centre.

Counties

Yuma CountyAZ · 32.3 mi
Imperial CountyCA · 37.4 mi
San Diego CountyCA · 43.6 mi
La Paz CountyAZ · 47.6 mi

Cities, largest first

YumaAZ · 49.9 mi
El CentroCA · 14.3 mi
San LuisAZ · 39.2 mi
CalexicoCA · 8.0 mi
BrawleyCA · 23.6 mi
ImperialCA · 17.1 mi
SomertonAZ · 38.8 mi

Earthquakes around the epicentre

4,266 earthquakes of magnitude 3 or more within 50 miles of this epicentre since 1973.

Earlier earthquakes of magnitude 5 or more within 50 miles, strongest first

USGS ANSS Comprehensive Earthquake Catalog. Local time is the time zone of the county nearest the epicentre. Magnitudes are as the catalogue reports them.