Troy
Population 18,022 (2025)
21 tropical storms and hurricanes have passed within 50 miles of Troy since 1851; the strongest at closest approach was Eloise in 1975 (Category 2).
Hazard fingerprint Each spoke is this county’s percentile among U.S. counties where that hazard occurs. How it is computed
- Tornado damage paths within 25 miles since 1950115
- Tropical cyclone tracks within 100 miles since 1851, wider where stronger41
- Wildfire burn scars within 25 miles since 19841
At a glance
Tornado paths within 25 miles, tropical cyclone tracks within 100 miles and wildfire perimeters within 25 miles of the city centre. Storm events, flood insurance claims and disaster declarations are for Pike County. Earthquakes within 50 miles, volcanoes within 100 miles and smoke days are measured from the city centre; river and tide gauges, tsunami and landslide records and the drought index are for Pike County.
Strongest tornado
F4
April 18, 1969, 52.4 mile path
Strongest tropical cyclone
Cat. 2
Hurricane Eloise, 1975, 11.3 miles away
Tornadoes
About 2 tornados a year since 1950, 6 of them rated F3/EF3 or stronger.
Strongest
April 18, 1969
F4, 52.4 mile path
500 yards wide; 2 killed along the whole path.
Most recent
Sunday, April 6, 2025
EF0, 0.5 mile path
Within the past year.
Every recorded tornado
| Apr 6, 2025 | EF0 | 0.5 | 0 | 0 |
| Mar 15, 2025 | EF2 | 21.3 | 3 | 0 |
| Jan 12, 2023 | EF1 | 11.0 | 0 | 0 |
| Nov 30, 2022 | EF0 | 0.8 | 0 | 0 |
| Nov 30, 2022 | EF0 | 1.4 | 0 | 0 |
| Apr 5, 2022 | EF1 | 1.6 | 0 | 0 |
| Apr 5, 2022 | EF1 | 7.6 | 0 | 0 |
| Apr 5, 2022 | EFU | 0.4 | 0 | 0 |
| Apr 5, 2022 | EF2 | 12.7 | 0 | 0 |
| Apr 5, 2022 | EF2 | 1.3 | 0 | 0 |
| Jan 9, 2022 | EF0 | 0.4 | 0 | 0 |
| Aug 30, 2021 | EF0 | 3.2 | 0 | 0 |
| Mar 18, 2021 | EF1 | 0.5 | 0 | 0 |
| Mar 17, 2021 | EF0 | 0.3 | 0 | 0 |
| Apr 19, 2020 | EF0 | 4.4 | 0 | 0 |
| Mar 31, 2020 | EF0 | 0.8 | 0 | 0 |
| Mar 31, 2020 | EF0 | 1.6 | 0 | 0 |
| Mar 31, 2020 | EF0 | 0.1 | 0 | 0 |
| Mar 31, 2020 | EF0 | 3.3 | 0 | 0 |
| Nov 27, 2019 | EF0 | 2.1 | 0 | 0 |
| Nov 27, 2019 | EF0 | 1.1 | 0 | 0 |
| Nov 27, 2019 | EF0 | 0.5 | 0 | 0 |
| Apr 14, 2019 | EF1 | 2.8 | 0 | 0 |
| Apr 14, 2019 | EF0 | 2.6 | 0 | 0 |
| Apr 14, 2019 | EF0 | 1.0 | 0 | 0 |
| Mar 3, 2019 | EF0 | 0.4 | 0 | 0 |
| Apr 22, 2018 | EF0 | 2.6 | 0 | 0 |
| Apr 22, 2018 | EF1 | 2.2 | 0 | 0 |
| Apr 22, 2018 | EF1 | 3.7 | 0 | 0 |
| Apr 27, 2017 | EF1 | 4.9 | 0 | 0 |
| Apr 3, 2017 | EF0 | 0.1 | 0 | 0 |
| Jan 22, 2017 | EF1 | 2.0 | 0 | 0 |
| Jan 21, 2017 | EF1 | 37.3 | 0 | 0 |
| Jan 2, 2017 | EF1 | 3.4 | 0 | 0 |
| Apr 6, 2016 | EF0 | 5.4 | 0 | 0 |
| Apr 6, 2016 | EF0 | 0.8 | 0 | 0 |
| Feb 15, 2016 | EF1 | 5.0 | 0 | 0 |
| Dec 24, 2015 | EF0 | 3.2 | 0 | 0 |
| Aug 6, 2015 | EF1 | 0.4 | 7 | 0 |
| Jan 4, 2015 | EF2 | 14.3 | 0 | 0 |
| Nov 17, 2014 | EF1 | 40.7 | 0 | 0 |
| May 14, 2014 | EF0 | 0.9 | 0 | 0 |
| Dec 25, 2012 | EF2 | 15.7 | 2 | 0 |
| Dec 25, 2012 | EF0 | 13.9 | 0 | 0 |
| Dec 25, 2012 | EF1 | 5.4 | 0 | 0 |
| Dec 25, 2012 | EF0 | 0.1 | 0 | 0 |
| Dec 25, 2012 | EF0 | 0.2 | 0 | 0 |
| Mar 23, 2012 | EF1 | 1.7 | 0 | 0 |
| Dec 14, 2009 | EF0 | 0.1 | 0 | 0 |
| Dec 14, 2009 | EF0 | 0.1 | 0 | 0 |
| Apr 19, 2009 | EF0 | 0.1 | 0 | 0 |
| Apr 19, 2009 | EF1 | 0.1 | 0 | 0 |
| Apr 19, 2009 | EF0 | 0.1 | 0 | 0 |
| Aug 25, 2008 | EF0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0 |
| Aug 25, 2008 | EF0 | 0.5 | 0 | 0 |
| Feb 17, 2008 | EF1 | 21.4 | 0 | 0 |
| Feb 17, 2008 | EF1 | 8.4 | 0 | 0 |
| Feb 17, 2008 | EF1 | 1.2 | 0 | 0 |
| Sep 21, 2007 | EF0 | 0.4 | 0 | 0 |
| Apr 14, 2007 | EF1 | 3.2 | 0 | 0 |
| Nov 15, 2006 | F2 | 19.8 | 0 | 0 |
| Nov 15, 2006 | F0 | 3.0 | 2 | 0 |
| Apr 30, 2005 | F0 | 12.6 | 0 | 0 |
| Apr 30, 2005 | F0 | 4.0 | 0 | 0 |
| Sep 16, 2004 | F0 | 0.1 | 0 | 0 |
| Sep 16, 2004 | F0 | 0.2 | 0 | 0 |
| Sep 16, 2004 | F0 | 0.1 | 0 | 0 |
| Nov 24, 2001 | F1 | 11.8 | 0 | 0 |
| Nov 24, 2001 | F0 | 0.2 | 0 | 0 |
| Nov 9, 2000 | F1 | 1.9 | 0 | 0 |
| Sep 28, 1998 | F0 | 4.0 | 0 | 0 |
| Sep 28, 1998 | F0 | 7.0 | 0 | 0 |
| Sep 28, 1998 | F0 | 6.0 | 0 | 0 |
| Sep 28, 1998 | F1 | 0.5 | 0 | 0 |
| Sep 28, 1998 | F1 | 0.5 | 0 | 0 |
| Sep 28, 1998 | F0 | 5.0 | 0 | 0 |
| Sep 28, 1998 | F1 | 0.5 | 0 | 0 |
| Sep 28, 1998 | F1 | 2.6 | 0 | 0 |
| Nov 7, 1996 | F1 | 2.6 | 0 | 0 |
| Dec 6, 1995 | F0 | 0.4 | 1 | 0 |
| Oct 4, 1995 | F0 | 0.1 | 0 | 0 |
| Oct 4, 1995 | F0 | 0.1 | 0 | 0 |
| Mar 9, 1994 | F2 | 3.0 | 0 | 0 |
| Jan 25, 1990 | F1 | 8.0 | 28 | 0 |
| Jul 16, 1989 | F1 | 1.0 | 0 | 0 |
| Mar 5, 1989 | F1 | 5.0 | 0 | 0 |
| Nov 26, 1986 | F2 | 8.0 | 1 | 0 |
| Nov 25, 1986 | F3 | 44.0 | 4 | 0 |
| Mar 5, 1984 | F2 | 0.9 | 4 | 0 |
| Mar 4, 1981 | F1 | 0.3 | 0 | 0 |
| May 20, 1980 | F2 | 11.5 | 1 | 0 |
| Apr 18, 1978 | F0 | 0.2 | 0 | 0 |
| Dec 19, 1974 | F3 | 11.3 | 0 | 0 |
| Dec 19, 1974 | F3 | 0.5 | 1 | 0 |
| Jan 20, 1974 | F2 | 0.1 | 0 | 0 |
| Nov 20, 1973 | F2 | 0.1 | 0 | 0 |
| May 25, 1973 | F1 | 0.1 | 0 | 0 |
| Jul 3, 1972 | F2 | 0.3 | 0 | 0 |
| Apr 23, 1971 | F1 | 1.0 | 0 | 0 |
| Mar 3, 1971 | F3 | 2.0 | 0 | 0 |
| Mar 2, 1971 | F3 | 23.8 | 0 | 0 |
| May 18, 1969 | F1 | 0.1 | 0 | 0 |
| May 18, 1969 | F2 | 6.4 | 0 | 0 |
| May 17, 1969 | F1 | 7.1 | 0 | 0 |
| Apr 18, 1969 | F4 | 52.4 | 14 | 2 |
| Apr 18, 1969 | F1 | 2.5 | 0 | 0 |
| Jan 23, 1968 | F1 | 11.8 | 0 | 0 |
| Sep 29, 1965 | F2 | 0.1 | 2 | 0 |
| Jan 5, 1962 | F2 | 2.0 | 0 | 0 |
| Apr 27, 1961 | F2 | 0.1 | 2 | 0 |
| Apr 9, 1961 | F1 | 54.1 | 0 | 0 |
| Feb 6, 1958 | F2 | 11.3 | 0 | 0 |
| Jun 28, 1957 | F2 | 16.5 | 1 | 0 |
| Jun 28, 1957 | F0 | 0.1 | 0 | 0 |
| Dec 5, 1954 | F1 | 1.5 | 2 | 0 |
- Injuries and deaths are for the tornado’s whole path, which may extend beyond this area.
- Weak tornadoes were under-recorded before Doppler radar coverage became national in the early 1990s, so earlier decades read low. Ratings use the Fujita scale before February 2007 and the Enhanced Fujita scale after.
Storm Prediction Center severe weather database, 1950 to 2025.
Hurricanes and tropical storms
21 passed within 50 miles since 1851; 4 at hurricane strength.
Strongest within 50 miles
September 23, 1975
Eloise, Category 2
11.3 miles at closest approach, winds near 99 mph.
Most recent
August 17, 2021
Fred, Tropical storm
34.1 miles at closest approach.
Every storm within 100 miles
| Fred | 2021 | 34.1 | Tropical storm |
| Michael | 2018 | 85.4 | Category 2 |
| Ivan | 2004 | 92.7 | Tropical storm |
| Opal | 1995 | 37.4 | Category 1 |
| Juan | 1985 | 60.7 | Tropical storm |
| Eloise | 1975 | 11.3 | Category 2 |
| Unnamed | 1965 | 41.6 | Tropical storm |
| Hilda | 1964 | 81.9 | Post-tropical |
| Dora | 1964 | 87.6 | Tropical storm |
| Flossy | 1956 | 76.9 | Tropical storm |
| Florence | 1953 | 59.5 | Tropical storm |
| Unnamed | 1939 | 86.5 | Tropical storm |
| Unnamed | 1936 | 82.0 | Tropical storm |
| Unnamed | 1932 | 96.1 | Post-tropical |
| Unnamed | 1928 | 25.6 | Tropical storm |
| Unnamed | 1919 | 88.9 | Tropical storm |
| Unnamed | 1917 | 45.5 | Tropical storm |
| Unnamed | 1916 | 73.8 | Category 1 |
| Unnamed | 1915 | 39.2 | Tropical storm |
| Unnamed | 1914 | 58.2 | Tropical storm |
| Unnamed | 1912 | 77.8 | Tropical storm |
| Unnamed | 1907 | 72.8 | Tropical storm |
| Unnamed | 1906 | 15.7 | Tropical storm |
| Unnamed | 1903 | 1.9 | Tropical storm |
| Unnamed | 1902 | 20.8 | Tropical storm |
| Unnamed | 1901 | 40.1 | Tropical storm |
| Unnamed | 1898 | 77.0 | Tropical storm |
| Unnamed | 1898 | 65.7 | Tropical storm |
| Unnamed | 1896 | 39.0 | Category 1 |
| Unnamed | 1893 | 35.6 | Tropical storm |
| Unnamed | 1889 | 19.5 | Tropical storm |
| Unnamed | 1887 | 17.4 | Tropical storm |
| Unnamed | 1887 | 12.1 | Tropical storm |
| Unnamed | 1882 | 30.0 | Category 1 |
| Unnamed | 1881 | 40.7 | Tropical storm |
| Unnamed | 1880 | 96.6 | Tropical storm |
| Unnamed | 1879 | 75.2 | Tropical storm |
| Unnamed | 1877 | 82.5 | Tropical storm |
| Unnamed | 1860 | 30.1 | Tropical storm |
| Unnamed | 1859 | 39.4 | Tropical storm |
| Unnamed | 1856 | 82.7 | Category 1 |
| Unnamed | 1852 | 39.5 | Tropical storm |
| Unnamed | 1851 | 89.7 | Category 2 |
- Tropical storms and hurricanes (34 kt or more, still tropical) at closest approach. Post-tropical remnants with gale-force winds are listed but not counted. Direct: track within 50 miles; near: within 100 miles. Distance is measured to the county boundary for counties and to the city centre for cities, using positions interpolated hourly between HURDAT2 fixes.
National Hurricane Center HURDAT2, 1851 to 2025.
Wildfire and smoke
1 large fire burned within 25 miles since 1984.
Largest
April 5, 2006
Grizzle Fire, 571 acres
16.8 miles from the city centre.
Most recent
April 5, 2006
Grizzle Fire
571 acres in total.
Every large fire
| Grizzle | 2006 | 16.8 | 571 |
- Large fires mapped by the Monitoring Trends in Burn Severity program since 1984: 1,000 acres or more in the West, 500 or more in the East. Prescribed burns are excluded. Acres here are the part of each perimeter inside this place.
Monitoring Trends in Burn Severity (USGS and U.S. Forest Service), 1984 to 2026.
Smoke overhead
Smokiest year
2023: 39 days
Heavy smoke on 3 days in 2025, the most of any year.
Last 10 years
9.9 days a year
Medium or heavy smoke, 2016 to 2025.
2025
10 days
Medium or heavy smoke. 32 so far in 2026.
- A smoke day is a date on which a smoke plume traced by NOAA Hazard Mapping System analysts from satellite imagery covered this place's point (the county's population centre or the city centre). Counts here are of medium or heavy smoke. Since 2018 analysts have often drawn light smoke as one area over most of the continent, so light-smoke counts are not comparable from year to year. The plumes show smoke anywhere in the air above, not air quality at the ground, and smoke hidden by cloud is missed.
NOAA Hazard Mapping System smoke analysis, 2011 to 2026, retrieved October 30, 2026.
Floods and flood insurance
No federal flood insurance claims are recorded for this county.
Flood events since 1996
- Flash Flood15
- Heavy Rain2
OpenFEMA NFIP Redacted Claims v3, refreshed August 4, 2026. NOAA Storm Events through 2026.
Drought
In severe drought or worse for 97 of 1,581 months since 1895 (6%); the longest spell lasted 14 months.
The drought index is for Pike County, the county that contains Troy.
97
Months in severe drought or worse since 1895
26
Months in extreme drought
6%
Share of all months, severe or worse
57
Drought reports to the Weather Service since 1996
Lowest reading
August 2000
−5.73, extreme drought
Longest severe spell
14 months
May 2011 to June 2012.
Latest month
September 2026
−1.47, mild drought
Last severe month: April 2026.
- The Palmer Drought Severity Index is computed by NOAA each month from the county's average temperature and precipitation, relative to the county's own climate. Zero is normal; -3 or lower is severe drought and -4 or lower extreme drought. It describes the long-term balance of moisture, not water supply or crop losses.
NOAA NCEI nClimDiv county Palmer Drought Severity Index, 1895 to September 2026, issued October 6, 2026.
Earthquakes
No earthquake of magnitude 2.5 or more is recorded within 50 miles of the city centre in the USGS catalogue, which begins in 1900.
Severe weather and other events
338 events in the National Weather Service record for Pike County, 264 of them since 1996.
28
Hail reports, 1 inch or larger
3
Hail, 2 inches or larger
82
Damaging gusts, 58 mph+
9
Winter weather events since 1996
9
Heat events since 1996
4
Cold events since 1996
Largest hail
March 26, 2005
3.00 inches
Strongest measured or estimated gust
April 19, 2020
81 mph
More event types since 1996
| Lightning | 1 | 0 |
Costliest events since 1996
- Sep 16, 2004High Wind, Pike$3.0 million
National Weather Service narrative
Hundreds of trees and power lines were snapped off or blown down across the entire county. Power remained out of service for around one week in places. At least 400 homes suffered some type of wind damage. Maximum wind gusts were estimated around 75 miles an hour.
- Nov 15, 2006Tornado$500,000
National Weather Service narrative
This tornado, which is believed to have initially touched down just across the Coffee County line near the Roeton community, entered Pike County about 1.5 miles southwest of Hamilton Crossroads. The tornado track crossed US Highway 231, State Highway 10, and State Highway 130 before crossing the Pea River into western Barbour County. Numerous trees were blown down or snapped off along the path. Numerous structures suffered significant damage, including a water tower that completely collapsed, a fire department building, and several homes.
- Nov 9, 2000Tornado$95,000
National Weather Service narrative
A weak tornado formed on a bow echo about 4.1 miles north-northeast of Troy just west of the intersection of CR 103 and CR 7. The tornado traveled on a northeasterly track crossing CR 103 and CR 7. The tornado dissipated just southeast of Needmore after traveling about 1.9 miles. One mobile home that was tied down was completely destroyed and was thrown over 100 feet. Another mobile home suffered significant damage when a tree fell on one end of it. Three other mobile homes suffered some damage. Five permanent homes also sustained damage mostly to the roofs. Numerous trees sustained damage including several that were uprooted. A number of outbuildings (sheds and the like) also…
- Mar 26, 2005Hail$85,000
National Weather Service narrative
Very large hail fell across parts of southeastern and eastern Pike County. The hail was associated witha left moving supercell. The hail was golf ball size to just larger than a baseball and covered the ground in many locations. The hail started falling along SR 125, moved through Brundidge, and exited the county just north of SR 130. The hail caused considerable damage to homes and vehicles. Damaging thunderstorm winds also occurred with the supercell as it moved through Pike County. A few trees were blown down along the path and several outbuildings were destroyed near Brundidge. One barn roof was blown off along US 231 near Brundidge.
- Mar 8, 1998Flash Flood$75,000
National Weather Service narrative
Several county roads were washed out after more than five inches of rain fell over the southern part of the county. Several schools were also closed due to the flooding.
- Mar 26, 2005Thunderstorm Wind$70,000
National Weather Service narrative
Very large hail fell across parts of southeastern and eastern Pike County. The hail was associated witha left moving supercell. The hail was golf ball size to just larger than a baseball and covered the ground in many locations. The hail started falling along SR 125, moved through Brundidge, and exited the county just north of SR 130. The hail caused considerable damage to homes and vehicles. Damaging thunderstorm winds also occurred with the supercell as it moved through Pike County. A few trees were blown down along the path and several outbuildings were destroyed near Brundidge. One barn roof was blown off along US 231 near Brundidge.
- May 3, 1998Hail$60,000
National Weather Service narrative
Baseball size hail that damaged cars was reported in Goshen.
- Feb 17, 2008Tornado$60,000
National Weather Service narrative
This tornado was already on the ground when it entered Pike County from Coffee County, about 5 miles southeast of Henderson. The tornado moved northeast, crossing AL-87 and AL-167, before lifting north of the intersection of CR-6 and CR-57. In Pike County, one home and one church were damaged, and a greenhouse had its windows blown out. Numerous trees were either snapped off or were uprooted along the path.
- Sep 29, 1998Flash Flood$50,000
National Weather Service narrative
The remnants of Hurricane Georges dumped 5+ inches of rain across the three counties. Numerous roads were covered with water and many roads were impassable and closed. Non-severe wind and saturated conditions combined to knock many trees down.
- Nov 24, 2001Tornado$50,000
National Weather Service narrative
An F1 tornado began near the intersection of SR 87 and CR 78 south of Spring Hill. A few homes sustained moderate roof damage near the beginning of the path between SR 87 and CR 167. The tornado traveled northeast and damaged a few roofs near Mims Creek. The tornado ended just south of the city of Brundidge where one home had significant roof damage. Numerous trees were snapped off or blown down along the entire tornado path. No injuries were reported. Beg: 31 38.160/85 58.206 End: 31 42.649/85 48.690
- Storm Events records before 1996 cover only tornadoes, thunderstorm wind and hail. Damage figures are as reported by the National Weather Service at the time, not adjusted for inflation.
NOAA NCEI Storm Events Database, 1950 to 2026, issued October 26, 2026.
Weather records
From Troy, 0.5 miles from the city centre, with records from 1908.
- All-time high
- 108°F2 times, most recently Sep 5, 1925
- All-time low
- −1°FJan 21, 1985
- Warmest night
- 80°F2 times, most recently Jul 28, 1986
- Coldest day
- 21°FDec 25, 1983
- Wettest day
- 10.25 inSep 20, 1926
- Snowiest day
- 11.0 inFeb 10, 1973
- Hottest year
- 1921mean 68.6°F
- Coldest year
- 1976mean 63.2°F
- Wettest year
- 192977.84 in
- Driest year
- 195424.41 in
Station Troy (USC00018323), 542 ft elevation, 0.5 miles from the city centre. Daily records from 1908 to September 20, 2026; 91.2% of days in the last 30 years are complete. Records at a single station can differ from a city’s official threaded record, which may combine several stations.
NOAA NCEI Global Historical Climatology Network Daily.
Federal disaster declarations
23 since 1953. The most recent: Hurricane Helene, September 26, 2024.
Declarations for Pike County.
| Sep 26, 2024 | Hurricane | EM-3618-AL |
| Sep 20, 2020 | Hurricane | DR-4563-AL |
| Sep 14, 2020 | Hurricane | EM-3545-AL |
| Jul 10, 2020 | Severe Storm | DR-4554-AL |
| Mar 29, 2020 | Biological | DR-4503-AL |
| Mar 13, 2020 | Biological | EM-3472-AL |
| Oct 12, 2018 | Hurricane | EM-3407-AL |
| Oct 8, 2017 | Hurricane | EM-3394-AL |
| Sep 11, 2017 | Hurricane | EM-3389-AL |
| Jan 21, 2016 | Severe Storm | DR-4251-AL |
| Apr 28, 2011 | Severe Storm | DR-1971-AL |
| Apr 27, 2011 | Severe Storm | EM-3319-AL |
| Dec 31, 2009 | Severe Storm | DR-1870-AL |
| Aug 30, 2008 | Hurricane | EM-3292-AL |
| Sep 10, 2005 | Hurricane | EM-3237-AL |
| Jul 10, 2005 | Hurricane | DR-1593-AL |
| Sep 15, 2004 | Hurricane | DR-1549-AL |
| Oct 4, 1995 | Hurricane | DR-1070-AL |
| Mar 15, 1993 | Snowstorm | EM-3096-AL |
| Mar 21, 1990 | Severe Storm | DR-861-AL |
| Jul 20, 1977 | Drought | EM-3045-AL |
| Oct 2, 1975 | Severe Storm | DR-488-AL |
| Mar 14, 1975 | Flood | DR-458-AL |
This product uses the Federal Emergency Management Agency's OpenFEMA API, but is not endorsed by FEMA. The Federal Government or FEMA cannot vouch for the data or analyses derived from these data after the data have been retrieved from the Agency's website(s).
OpenFEMA Disaster Declarations Summaries, retrieved October 30, 2026. Statewide declarations are not listed.
Sources and vintage
Every number on this page comes from these public records.
- Tornadoes NOAA Storm Prediction Center severe weather database, through 2025.
- Tropical cyclones NOAA National Hurricane Center HURDAT2 (Atlantic; Northeast and Central Pacific), through 2025.
- Wildfire USGS/USFS Monitoring Trends in Burn Severity, through 2026.
- Storm events NOAA NCEI Storm Events Database, through 2026.
- Flood insurance OpenFEMA NFIP Redacted Claims v3, refreshed August 4, 2026.
- Declarations OpenFEMA Disaster Declarations Summaries v2, retrieved October 30, 2026.
- Weather records NOAA NCEI Global Historical Climatology Network Daily, station USC00018323.
- River crests NOAA National Weather Service, National Water Prediction Service river gauges, retrieved October 30, 2026.
- Drought NOAA NCEI nClimDiv county Palmer Drought Severity Index, through September 2026.
- Smoke NOAA NESDIS Hazard Mapping System smoke analysis, retrieved October 30, 2026.
- Earthquakes USGS ANSS Comprehensive Earthquake Catalog (ComCat), retrieved October 30, 2026.
Joins, thresholds and known limits are set out in the methodology. Found an error? Report it. Page built October 30, 2026.