Pike County

Population 33,688 (2025) 672 sq mi

Pike County has recorded 53 tornadoes since 1950, 20th most of 67 counties in Alabama; the most recent was on March 15, 2025.

Hazard fingerprint for Pike County Tornado: 89th percentile. Tropical: 74th percentile. Wildfire: 0th percentile. Flood: 19th percentile. Hail & wind: 18th percentile. Heat: 50th percentile. Cold: 22th percentile. Winter: 7th percentile. TORTROPFIREFLOODSEVEREHEATCOLDWINTER

Hazard fingerprint Each spoke is this county’s percentile among U.S. counties where that hazard occurs. How it is computed

2026
  • Tornado damage paths since 195053
  • Tropical cyclone tracks within 100 miles since 1851, wider where stronger58

At a glance

The record for Pike County in eight numbers. Each links to its section below.

Tornadoes since 1950

53

20th of 67 in Alabama

About as many as the typical Alabama county

Details

Tropical cyclones within 50 mi

27

17th of 67 in Alabama

4 at hurricane strength since 1851

Details

Strongest tornado

F3

March 2, 1971, 23.8 mile path

Strongest tropical cyclone

Cat. 2

Hurricane Eloise, 1975, 0.0 miles away

Federal disaster declarations

23

Most recent: Hurricane Helene, 2024

Details

Record high

108°F

Reached 2 times, most recently September 5, 1925

Details

Record low

−1°F

January 21, 1985

Details

Costliest event since 1996

$3.0M

High Wind, September 16, 2004

Details

Tornadoes

About one every 1.4 years since 1950, 4 of them rated F3/EF3 or stronger.

Strongest

March 2, 1971

F3, 23.8 mile path

10 yards wide.

Most recent

Saturday, March 15, 2025

EF2, 21.3 mile path

Within the past year.

Tornadoes by decade Doppler radar era² 1950s: 2 2 1960s: 5 5 1970s: 8 8 1980s: 4 4 1990s: 3 3 2000s: 9 9 2010s: 12 12 2020s: 10 10 1950s1960s1970s1980s1990s2000s2010s2020s
Recorded tornadoes per decade. The 2020s are incomplete.
Tornadoes by month J: 4 F: 3 M: 9 A: 10 10 M: 2 J: 0 J: 2 A: 4 S: 5 O: 0 N: 9 D: 5 JFMAMJJASOND
By month of occurrence, all years.

Every recorded tornado

Tornadoes in Pike County since 1950
Mar 15, 2025EF221.31,40030
Nov 30, 2022EF00.815000
Nov 30, 2022EF01.415000
Apr 5, 2022EF17.655000
Apr 5, 2022EF212.71,10000
Jan 9, 2022EF00.410000
Aug 30, 2021EF03.27500
Mar 31, 2020EF00.818000
Mar 31, 2020EF01.68000
Mar 31, 2020EF00.18000
Nov 27, 2019EF00.56500
Apr 14, 2019EF12.830000
Apr 14, 2019EF02.67000
Apr 14, 2019EF01.015000
Apr 27, 2017EF14.915000
Jan 21, 2017EF137.340000
Feb 15, 2016EF15.040000
Aug 6, 2015EF10.45070
Nov 17, 2014EF140.750000
Dec 25, 2012EF215.760020
Dec 25, 2012EF15.430000
Mar 23, 2012EF11.770000
Aug 25, 2008EF00.02000
Aug 25, 2008EF00.57500
Feb 17, 2008EF18.425000
Nov 15, 2006F219.865000
Sep 16, 2004F00.13000
Sep 16, 2004F00.13000
Nov 24, 2001F111.87500
Nov 24, 2001F00.25000
Nov 9, 2000F11.97000
Sep 28, 1998F06.05000
Sep 28, 1998F05.05000
Sep 28, 1998F12.63000
Jul 16, 1989F11.05000
Mar 5, 1989F15.020000
Nov 26, 1986F28.015010
Mar 4, 1981F10.35000
Dec 19, 1974F311.330000
Dec 19, 1974F30.510010
Jan 20, 1974F20.13000
May 25, 1973F10.11000
Jul 3, 1972F20.320000
Apr 23, 1971F11.020000
Mar 3, 1971F32.01000
Mar 2, 1971F323.81000
May 17, 1969F17.11000
Apr 18, 1969F12.51000
Jan 5, 1962F22.01000
Apr 27, 1961F20.11020
Apr 9, 1961F154.11000
Feb 6, 1958F211.320000
Dec 5, 1954F11.58320
  1. Injuries and deaths are for the tornado’s whole path, which may extend beyond the county. Deaths recorded within Pike County: 0.
  2. Weak tornadoes were under-recorded before Doppler radar coverage became national in the early 1990s, so earlier decades read low. Ratings use the Fujita scale before February 2007 and the Enhanced Fujita scale after.

Storm Prediction Center severe weather database, 1950 to 2025.

Hurricanes and tropical storms

27 passed within 50 miles since 1851; 4 at hurricane strength.

Strongest within 50 miles

September 23, 1975

Eloise, Category 2

0.0 miles at closest approach, winds near 99 mph.

Most recent

August 17, 2021

Fred, Tropical storm

16.4 miles at closest approach.

Tropical cyclones within 50 miles by decade 50s: 2 60s: 1 70s: 0 80s: 5 5 90s: 4 00s: 4 10s: 3 20s: 1 30s: 0 40s: 0 50s: 1 60s: 1 70s: 1 80s: 1 90s: 1 00s: 1 10s: 0 20s: 1 50s60s70s80s90s00s10s20s30s40s50s60s70s80s90s00s10s20s
Storms within 50 miles, by decade. Records before about 1900 miss storms that never reached land or ships.

Every storm within 100 miles

Tropical cyclones within 100 miles
Fred202116.4Tropical storm40Tropical storm
Zeta202094.5Tropical storm67Category 3
Nestor201984.7Post-tropical44Tropical storm
Michael201867.7Category 3113Category 5
Dennis200585.0Category 183Category 4
Ivan200477.5Tropical storm66Category 5
Barry200135.9Tropical storm43Tropical storm
Earl199882.7Tropical storm67Category 2
Opal199520.3Category 175Category 4
Kate198597.5Category 186Category 3
Juan198545.2Tropical storm45Category 1
Eloise19750.0Category 299Category 3
Unnamed196524.1Tropical storm52Tropical storm
Hilda196467.8Post-tropical55Category 4
Dora196470.2Tropical storm46Category 4
Flossy195660.2Tropical storm58Category 1
Florence195343.6Tropical storm58Category 3
Unnamed194195.3Tropical storm71Category 3
Unnamed193968.6Tropical storm60Category 1
Unnamed193664.9Tropical storm66Category 2
Unnamed193278.8Post-tropical45Tropical storm
Unnamed192983.1Tropical storm67Category 4
Unnamed19288.0Tropical storm40Category 1
Unnamed192884.2Tropical storm39Category 2
Unnamed191972.1Tropical storm40Tropical storm
Unnamed191727.5Tropical storm71Category 4
Unnamed191660.1Category 175Category 2
Unnamed191686.8Tropical storm40Category 3
Unnamed191521.6Tropical storm58Category 2
Unnamed191441.3Tropical storm40Tropical storm
Unnamed191261.5Tropical storm44Tropical storm
Unnamed190789.0Tropical storm48Tropical storm
Unnamed190755.9Tropical storm40Tropical storm
Unnamed190787.5Tropical storm56Tropical storm
Unnamed19060.0Tropical storm40Tropical storm
Unnamed19030.0Tropical storm49Category 1
Unnamed19023.4Tropical storm43Category 2
Unnamed190184.7Tropical storm40Tropical storm
Unnamed190123.1Tropical storm48Category 1
Unnamed18990.0Tropical storm39Category 2
Unnamed189899.7Tropical storm48Category 4
Unnamed189848.0Tropical storm48Category 1
Unnamed189620.9Category 174Category 2
Unnamed189488.1Category 2106Category 3
Unnamed189319.5Tropical storm61Category 4
Unnamed18896.2Tropical storm56Category 2
Unnamed18871.1Tropical storm39Category 1
Unnamed18870.0Tropical storm58Category 2
Unnamed188599.6Tropical storm55Tropical storm
Unnamed188211.9Category 181Category 3
Unnamed188123.8Tropical storm49Category 2
Unnamed188078.9Tropical storm67Category 2
Unnamed187958.5Tropical storm46Tropical storm
Unnamed187796.4Category 184Category 3
Unnamed187767.8Tropical storm66Category 1
Unnamed187589.0Tropical storm46Tropical storm
Unnamed186016.5Tropical storm48Category 3
Unnamed185922.0Tropical storm46Category 1
Unnamed185664.6Category 184Category 3
Unnamed185222.9Tropical storm46Category 3
Unnamed185171.7Category 2100Category 3
  1. Tropical storms and hurricanes (34 kt or more, still tropical) at closest approach. Post-tropical remnants with gale-force winds are listed but not counted. Direct: track within 50 miles; near: within 100 miles. Distance is measured to the county boundary for counties and to the city centre for cities, using positions interpolated hourly between HURDAT2 fixes.

National Hurricane Center HURDAT2, 1851 to 2025.

Wildfire and smoke

No large wildfire has been mapped here since satellite mapping began in 1984.

Smoke overhead

Smokiest year

2023: 39 days

Heavy smoke on 3 days in 2025, the most of any year.

Last 10 years

10.0 days a year

Medium or heavy smoke, 2016 to 2025.

2025

10 days

Medium or heavy smoke. 32 so far in 2026.

Days with medium or heavy smoke overhead, by year 2011: 8 2012: 2 2013: 0 2014: 0 2015: 1 2016: 1 2017: 1 2018: 3 2019: 3 2020: 2 2021: 12 2022: 23 2023: 39 39 2024: 6 2025: 10 201120122013201420152016201720182019202020212022202320242025
Days each year on which a satellite-traced plume of medium or heavy smoke covered the county’s population centre, 2011 to 2025.
  1. A smoke day is a date on which a smoke plume traced by NOAA Hazard Mapping System analysts from satellite imagery covered this place's point (the county's population centre or the city centre). Counts here are of medium or heavy smoke. Since 2018 analysts have often drawn light smoke as one area over most of the continent, so light-smoke counts are not comparable from year to year. The plumes show smoke anywhere in the air above, not air quality at the ground, and smoke hidden by cloud is missed.

NOAA Hazard Mapping System smoke analysis, 2011 to 2026, retrieved October 30, 2026.

Floods and flood insurance

No federal flood insurance claims are recorded for this county.

Flood events since 1996

  • Flash Flood15
  • Heavy Rain2

OpenFEMA NFIP Redacted Claims v3, refreshed August 4, 2026. NOAA Storm Events through 2026.

Drought

In severe drought or worse for 97 of 1,581 months since 1895 (6%); the longest spell lasted 14 months.

97

Months in severe drought or worse since 1895

26

Months in extreme drought

6%

Share of all months, severe or worse

57

Drought reports to the Weather Service since 1996

Lowest reading

August 2000

−5.73, extreme drought

Longest severe spell

14 months

May 2011 to June 2012.

Latest month

September 2026

−1.47, mild drought

Last severe month: April 2026.

Months in severe drought or worse, by year 1895: 0 1896: 0 1897: 1 1898: 7 1899: 0 1900: 0 1901: 0 1902: 2 1903: 0 1904: 0 1905: 0 1906: 0 1907: 0 1908: 0 1909: 1 1910: 0 1911: 1 1912: 0 1913: 0 1914: 5 1915: 0 1916: 0 1917: 0 1918: 0 1919: 0 1920: 0 1921: 0 1922: 1 1923: 0 1924: 0 1925: 5 1926: 0 1927: 8 8 1928: 3 1929: 0 1930: 2 1931: 1 1932: 2 1933: 0 1934: 2 1935: 0 1936: 0 1937: 0 1938: 0 1939: 0 1940: 0 1941: 3 1942: 0 1943: 0 1944: 0 1945: 0 1946: 0 1947: 0 1948: 0 1949: 0 1950: 0 1951: 1 1952: 0 1953: 0 1954: 7 1955: 7 1956: 2 1957: 0 1958: 0 1959: 0 1960: 0 1961: 0 1962: 0 1963: 0 1964: 0 1965: 0 1966: 0 1967: 0 1968: 1 1969: 0 1970: 0 1971: 0 1972: 0 1973: 0 1974: 0 1975: 0 1976: 0 1977: 1 1978: 0 1979: 0 1980: 0 1981: 1 1982: 0 1983: 0 1984: 0 1985: 0 1986: 0 1987: 0 1988: 0 1989: 0 1990: 0 1991: 0 1992: 0 1993: 0 1994: 0 1995: 0 1996: 0 1997: 0 1998: 0 1999: 0 2000: 6 2001: 0 2002: 0 2003: 0 2004: 0 2005: 0 2006: 3 2007: 5 2008: 0 2009: 0 2010: 0 2011: 8 2012: 6 2013: 0 2014: 0 2015: 0 2016: 2 2017: 0 2018: 0 2019: 1 2020: 0 2021: 0 2022: 0 2023: 0 2024: 0 2025: 0 18951905191519251935194519551965197519851995200520152025
Months each year with a Palmer index of −3 or lower, 1895 to 2025. Twelve means the whole year.
  1. The Palmer Drought Severity Index is computed by NOAA each month from the county's average temperature and precipitation, relative to the county's own climate. Zero is normal; -3 or lower is severe drought and -4 or lower extreme drought. It describes the long-term balance of moisture, not water supply or crop losses.

NOAA NCEI nClimDiv county Palmer Drought Severity Index, 1895 to September 2026, issued October 6, 2026.

Earthquakes

No earthquake of magnitude 2.5 or more is recorded within 50 miles of the county in the USGS catalogue, which begins in 1900.

Severe weather and other events

338 events in the National Weather Service record, 264 of them since 1996.

28

Hail reports, 1 inch or larger

3

Hail, 2 inches or larger

82

Damaging gusts, 58 mph+

9

Winter weather events since 1996

9

Heat events since 1996

4

Cold events since 1996

Largest hail

March 26, 2005

3.00 inches

Strongest measured or estimated gust

April 19, 2020

81 mph

More event types since 1996

Other Storm Events types since 1996
Lightning100Jun 1, 2010

Costliest events since 1996

  1. Sep 16, 2004High Wind, Pike$3.0 million
    National Weather Service narrative

    Hundreds of trees and power lines were snapped off or blown down across the entire county. Power remained out of service for around one week in places. At least 400 homes suffered some type of wind damage. Maximum wind gusts were estimated around 75 miles an hour.

  2. Nov 15, 2006Tornado$500,000
    National Weather Service narrative

    This tornado, which is believed to have initially touched down just across the Coffee County line near the Roeton community, entered Pike County about 1.5 miles southwest of Hamilton Crossroads. The tornado track crossed US Highway 231, State Highway 10, and State Highway 130 before crossing the Pea River into western Barbour County. Numerous trees were blown down or snapped off along the path. Numerous structures suffered significant damage, including a water tower that completely collapsed, a fire department building, and several homes.

  3. Nov 9, 2000Tornado$95,000
    National Weather Service narrative

    A weak tornado formed on a bow echo about 4.1 miles north-northeast of Troy just west of the intersection of CR 103 and CR 7. The tornado traveled on a northeasterly track crossing CR 103 and CR 7. The tornado dissipated just southeast of Needmore after traveling about 1.9 miles. One mobile home that was tied down was completely destroyed and was thrown over 100 feet. Another mobile home suffered significant damage when a tree fell on one end of it. Three other mobile homes suffered some damage. Five permanent homes also sustained damage mostly to the roofs. Numerous trees sustained damage including several that were uprooted. A number of outbuildings (sheds and the like) also…

  4. Mar 26, 2005Hail$85,000
    National Weather Service narrative

    Very large hail fell across parts of southeastern and eastern Pike County. The hail was associated witha left moving supercell. The hail was golf ball size to just larger than a baseball and covered the ground in many locations. The hail started falling along SR 125, moved through Brundidge, and exited the county just north of SR 130. The hail caused considerable damage to homes and vehicles. Damaging thunderstorm winds also occurred with the supercell as it moved through Pike County. A few trees were blown down along the path and several outbuildings were destroyed near Brundidge. One barn roof was blown off along US 231 near Brundidge.

  5. Mar 8, 1998Flash Flood$75,000
    National Weather Service narrative

    Several county roads were washed out after more than five inches of rain fell over the southern part of the county. Several schools were also closed due to the flooding.

  6. Mar 26, 2005Thunderstorm Wind$70,000
    National Weather Service narrative

    Very large hail fell across parts of southeastern and eastern Pike County. The hail was associated witha left moving supercell. The hail was golf ball size to just larger than a baseball and covered the ground in many locations. The hail started falling along SR 125, moved through Brundidge, and exited the county just north of SR 130. The hail caused considerable damage to homes and vehicles. Damaging thunderstorm winds also occurred with the supercell as it moved through Pike County. A few trees were blown down along the path and several outbuildings were destroyed near Brundidge. One barn roof was blown off along US 231 near Brundidge.

  7. May 3, 1998Hail$60,000
    National Weather Service narrative

    Baseball size hail that damaged cars was reported in Goshen.

  8. Feb 17, 2008Tornado$60,000
    National Weather Service narrative

    This tornado was already on the ground when it entered Pike County from Coffee County, about 5 miles southeast of Henderson. The tornado moved northeast, crossing AL-87 and AL-167, before lifting north of the intersection of CR-6 and CR-57. In Pike County, one home and one church were damaged, and a greenhouse had its windows blown out. Numerous trees were either snapped off or were uprooted along the path.

  9. Sep 29, 1998Flash Flood$50,000
    National Weather Service narrative

    The remnants of Hurricane Georges dumped 5+ inches of rain across the three counties. Numerous roads were covered with water and many roads were impassable and closed. Non-severe wind and saturated conditions combined to knock many trees down.

  10. Nov 24, 2001Tornado$50,000
    National Weather Service narrative

    An F1 tornado began near the intersection of SR 87 and CR 78 south of Spring Hill. A few homes sustained moderate roof damage near the beginning of the path between SR 87 and CR 167. The tornado traveled northeast and damaged a few roofs near Mims Creek. The tornado ended just south of the city of Brundidge where one home had significant roof damage. Numerous trees were snapped off or blown down along the entire tornado path. No injuries were reported. Beg: 31 38.160/85 58.206 End: 31 42.649/85 48.690

  1. Storm Events records before 1996 cover only tornadoes, thunderstorm wind and hail. Damage figures are as reported by the National Weather Service at the time, not adjusted for inflation.

NOAA NCEI Storm Events Database, 1950 to 2026, issued October 26, 2026.

Weather records

From Troy, 2.1 miles from the county’s population centre, with records from 1908.

All-time high
108°F2 times, most recently Sep 5, 1925
All-time low
−1°FJan 21, 1985
Warmest night
80°F2 times, most recently Jul 28, 1986
Coldest day
21°FDec 25, 1983
Wettest day
10.25 inSep 20, 1926
Snowiest day
11.0 inFeb 10, 1973
Hottest year
1921mean 68.6°F
Coldest year
1976mean 63.2°F
Wettest year
192977.84 in
Driest year
195424.41 in
Average monthly high and low temperature and precipitation, last 30 years, Troy 32°F 59° 37° 3.9 Jan 63° 41° 3.5 Feb 71° 47° 4.9 Mar 77° 53° 4.3 Apr 84° 62° 4.2 May 89° 69° 5.2 Jun 91° 71° 5.0 Jul 91° 71° 4.4 Aug 87° 66° 4.0 Sep 79° 56° 2.9 Oct 69° 46° 3.3 Nov 61° 40° 4.7 Dec Precipitation, inches
Average daily high and low by month, and average monthly precipitation, over the last 30 years.
Days reaching 95°F per year 1976: 0 1977: 39 1978: 14 1979: 4 1980: 41 1981: 21 1983: 22 1984: 7 1985: 10 1986: 30 1987: 24 1988: 7 1989: 7 1990: 24 1991: 5 1992: 3 1993: 16 1994: 0 1995: 18 1996: 6 1997: 8 1998: 39 1999: 16 2002: 14 2003: 0 2004: 2 2005: 3 2006: 30 2008: 9 2009: 5 2013: 0 2014: 7 2016: 6 2017: 0 2018: 1 2019: 35 2021: 1 2023: 35 2024: 45 45 2025: 17 1976198719972013
Days reaching 95°F each complete year, last 50 years. Thirty-year average: 13.3.

Station Troy (USC00018323), 542 ft elevation, 2.1 miles from the population centre. Daily records from 1908 to September 20, 2026; 91.2% of days in the last 30 years are complete. Records at a single station can differ from a city’s official threaded record, which may combine several stations.

NOAA NCEI Global Historical Climatology Network Daily.

Federal disaster declarations

23 since 1953. The most recent: Hurricane Helene, September 26, 2024.

Federal disaster declarations
Sep 26, 2024HurricaneHurricane HeleneEmergencyEM-3618-AL
Sep 20, 2020HurricaneHurricane SallyMajor disasterDR-4563-AL
Sep 14, 2020HurricaneHurricane SallyEmergencyEM-3545-AL
Jul 10, 2020Severe StormSevere Storms, Straight-Line Winds, and TornadoesMajor disasterDR-4554-AL
Mar 29, 2020BiologicalCovid-19 PandemicMajor disasterDR-4503-AL
Mar 13, 2020BiologicalCovid-19EmergencyEM-3472-AL
Oct 12, 2018HurricaneHurricane MichaelEmergencyEM-3407-AL
Oct 8, 2017HurricaneHurricane NateEmergencyEM-3394-AL
Sep 11, 2017HurricaneHurricane IrmaEmergencyEM-3389-AL
Jan 21, 2016Severe StormSevere Storms, Tornadoes, Straight-Line Winds, and FloodingMajor disasterDR-4251-AL
Apr 28, 2011Severe StormSevere Storms, Tornadoes, Straight-Line Winds, and FloodingMajor disasterDR-1971-AL
Apr 27, 2011Severe StormSevere Storms, Tornadoes, and Straight-Line WindsEmergencyEM-3319-AL
Dec 31, 2009Severe StormSevere Storms and FloodingMajor disasterDR-1870-AL
Aug 30, 2008HurricaneHurricane GustavEmergencyEM-3292-AL
Sep 10, 2005HurricaneHurricane Katrina EvacuationEmergencyEM-3237-AL
Jul 10, 2005HurricaneHurricane DennisMajor disasterDR-1593-AL
Sep 15, 2004HurricaneHurricane IvanMajor disasterDR-1549-AL
Oct 4, 1995HurricaneHurricane OpalMajor disasterDR-1070-AL
Mar 15, 1993SnowstormSevere Snowfall, Winter StormEmergencyEM-3096-AL
Mar 21, 1990Severe StormSevere Storms, Tornadoes & FloodingMajor disasterDR-861-AL
Jul 20, 1977DroughtDroughtEmergencyEM-3045-AL
Oct 2, 1975Severe StormSevere Storms, Tornadoes & FloodingMajor disasterDR-488-AL
Mar 14, 1975FloodSevere Storms & FloodingMajor disasterDR-458-AL

This product uses the Federal Emergency Management Agency's OpenFEMA API, but is not endorsed by FEMA. The Federal Government or FEMA cannot vouch for the data or analyses derived from these data after the data have been retrieved from the Agency's website(s).

OpenFEMA Disaster Declarations Summaries, retrieved October 30, 2026. Statewide declarations are not listed.

How this compares

Where Pike County stands among 67 counties in Alabama and 3,143 in the United States.

Ranks
Tornadoes since 19505320 / 67348 / 3,143
Tornadoes rated F3/EF3 or stronger431 / 67387 / 3,143
Tropical cyclones within 50 mi2717 / 67388 / 3,143
Hurricane-strength passes within 50 mi416 / 67356 / 3,143
Wildfire acres since 19840——
Flood insurance claims0——
Flood insurance paid$0——
Disaster declarations2347 / 671,054 / 3,143
Flood events since 19961754 / 672,630 / 3,143
Hail and wind events since 199612459 / 672,594 / 3,143
Winter storm events since 1996950 / 672,851 / 3,143
Reported damage since 1996$4.6 million56 / 672,430 / 3,143
River crests at major flood stage0——
High tide flooding days a year, last 10 years0.0——
Months in severe drought since 18959750 / 672,461 / 3,143
Medium or heavy smoke days a year, last 10 years10.055 / 672,575 / 3,143
Earthquakes M4+ within 50 mi since 19000——
Earthquakes M2.5+ in the county since 19730——

Neighbouring counties

Neighbouring counties
Barbour County4526034
Bullock County27225713
Coffee County41350591
Crenshaw County313002
Dale County43320144
Montgomery County61230417

Sources and vintage

Every number on this page comes from these public records.

  • Tornadoes NOAA Storm Prediction Center severe weather database, through 2025.
  • Tropical cyclones NOAA National Hurricane Center HURDAT2 (Atlantic; Northeast and Central Pacific), through 2025.
  • Wildfire USGS/USFS Monitoring Trends in Burn Severity, through 2026.
  • Storm events NOAA NCEI Storm Events Database, through 2026.
  • Flood insurance OpenFEMA NFIP Redacted Claims v3, refreshed August 4, 2026.
  • Declarations OpenFEMA Disaster Declarations Summaries v2, retrieved October 30, 2026.
  • Weather records NOAA NCEI Global Historical Climatology Network Daily, station USC00018323.
  • River crests NOAA National Weather Service, National Water Prediction Service river gauges, retrieved October 30, 2026.
  • Drought NOAA NCEI nClimDiv county Palmer Drought Severity Index, through September 2026.
  • Smoke NOAA NESDIS Hazard Mapping System smoke analysis, retrieved October 30, 2026.
  • Earthquakes USGS ANSS Comprehensive Earthquake Catalog (ComCat), retrieved October 30, 2026.

Joins, thresholds and known limits are set out in the methodology. Found an error? Report it. Page built October 30, 2026.