Jackson County
Population 16,741 (2025) 634 sq mi
Jackson County has recorded 60 tornadoes since 1950, 5th most of 75 counties in Arkansas; the most recent was on March 14, 2025.
Hazard fingerprint Each spoke is this county’s percentile among U.S. counties where that hazard occurs. How it is computed
- Tornado damage paths since 195060
- Tropical cyclone tracks within 100 miles since 1851, wider where stronger7
- Major flood years since 19782
At a glance
The record for Jackson County in eight numbers. Each links to its section below.
Tropical cyclones within 50 mi
4
31st of 75 in Arkansas
None at hurricane strength since 1851
DetailsStrongest tornado
F4
May 26, 1973, 54.8 mile path
Strongest tropical cyclone
TS
Tropical storm (unnamed), 1923, 2.7 miles away
Tornadoes
About one every 1.3 years since 1950, 9 of them rated F3/EF3 or stronger.
Strongest
May 26, 1973
F4, 54.8 mile path
300 yards wide; 3 killed along the whole path.
Deadliest
May 15, 1968
35 killed, F4
364 injured along the whole path.
Most recent
Friday, March 14, 2025
EF4, 18.5 mile path
Within the past year.
Every recorded tornado
| Mar 14, 2025 | EF4 | 18.5 | 2 | 0 |
| Dec 10, 2021 | EF1 | 0.5 | 0 | 0 |
| Dec 10, 2021 | EF2 | 10.5 | 3 | 0 |
| Dec 10, 2021 | EF1 | 0.5 | 0 | 0 |
| Dec 10, 2021 | EFU | 6.7 | 0 | 0 |
| Mar 28, 2020 | EF1 | 5.3 | 0 | 0 |
| May 2, 2019 | EF0 | 0.2 | 0 | 0 |
| Feb 24, 2018 | EF0 | 0.2 | 0 | 0 |
| Mar 1, 2017 | EF1 | 1.6 | 0 | 0 |
| Mar 1, 2017 | EF1 | 4.2 | 0 | 0 |
| Jun 6, 2014 | EF1 | 2.0 | 0 | 0 |
| Apr 27, 2014 | EF1 | 5.3 | 0 | 0 |
| May 25, 2011 | EF1 | 5.5 | 0 | 0 |
| Apr 30, 2010 | EF3 | 7.7 | 0 | 0 |
| Apr 30, 2009 | EF0 | 0.6 | 0 | 0 |
| May 16, 2003 | F1 | 16.0 | 0 | 0 |
| May 16, 2003 | F2 | 5.0 | 0 | 0 |
| May 16, 2003 | F1 | 4.5 | 0 | 0 |
| May 16, 2003 | F1 | 17.0 | 0 | 0 |
| May 16, 2003 | F1 | 5.0 | 0 | 0 |
| May 10, 2003 | F1 | 0.6 | 0 | 0 |
| May 4, 2003 | F1 | 1.8 | 0 | 0 |
| Apr 24, 2003 | F0 | 2.2 | 0 | 0 |
| Apr 24, 2003 | F0 | 6.7 | 0 | 0 |
| Feb 24, 2001 | F2 | 11.0 | 0 | 0 |
| Jun 23, 1999 | F1 | 3.5 | 0 | 0 |
| Jan 21, 1999 | F1 | 9.0 | 3 | 0 |
| Jan 21, 1999 | F3 | 31.0 | 0 | 0 |
| Jan 17, 1999 | F0 | 0.2 | 0 | 0 |
| Jan 17, 1999 | F0 | 0.5 | 0 | 0 |
| Jan 17, 1999 | F1 | 5.7 | 0 | 0 |
| Jan 17, 1999 | F1 | 9.2 | 1 | 0 |
| Jan 17, 1999 | F0 | 0.2 | 0 | 0 |
| Jan 17, 1999 | F1 | 2.0 | 0 | 0 |
| Jan 17, 1999 | F2 | 7.0 | 0 | 0 |
| Mar 1, 1997 | F1 | 3.0 | 0 | 0 |
| Mar 1, 1997 | F2 | 23.0 | 30 | 1 |
| Mar 1, 1997 | F2 | 8.5 | 30 | 2 |
| Jun 30, 1992 | F0 | 0.1 | 0 | 0 |
| Jun 2, 1989 | F0 | 3.0 | 0 | 0 |
| Apr 3, 1989 | F1 | 12.0 | 0 | 0 |
| May 6, 1984 | F2 | 1.0 | 8 | 0 |
| Mar 15, 1984 | F4 | 26.0 | 12 | 5 |
| Dec 24, 1982 | F2 | 16.0 | 0 | 0 |
| Dec 24, 1982 | F3 | 15.0 | 0 | 1 |
| Jul 9, 1979 | F0 | 0.1 | 0 | 0 |
| Jun 6, 1978 | F1 | 0.1 | 0 | 0 |
| May 30, 1977 | F0 | 0.1 | 0 | 0 |
| Apr 1, 1974 | F1 | 0.3 | 0 | 0 |
| Nov 24, 1973 | F2 | 1.8 | 0 | 0 |
| Nov 24, 1973 | F2 | 1.0 | 1 | 0 |
| May 26, 1973 | F4 | 54.8 | 289 | 3 |
| May 15, 1968 | F4 | 20.9 | 364 | 35 |
| Apr 12, 1964 | F1 | 0.1 | 0 | 0 |
| Mar 5, 1961 | F2 | 30.0 | 0 | 0 |
| May 4, 1960 | F2 | 1.0 | 0 | 0 |
| Jul 5, 1958 | F0 | 0.1 | 0 | 0 |
| May 26, 1955 | F2 | 7.5 | 7 | 0 |
| Mar 21, 1952 | F3 | 28.5 | 6 | 0 |
| Apr 2, 1950 | F3 | 2.5 | 8 | 1 |
- Injuries and deaths are for the tornado’s whole path, which may extend beyond the county. Deaths recorded within Jackson County: 5.
- Weak tornadoes were under-recorded before Doppler radar coverage became national in the early 1990s, so earlier decades read low. Ratings use the Fujita scale before February 2007 and the Enhanced Fujita scale after.
Storm Prediction Center severe weather database, 1950 to 2025.
Hurricanes and tropical storms
4 passed within 50 miles since 1851; none at hurricane strength.
Strongest within 50 miles
October 17, 1923
Unnamed storm, Tropical storm
2.7 miles at closest approach, winds near 52 mph.
Most recent
October 26, 2019
Olga, Post-tropical
91.6 miles at closest approach.
Every storm within 100 miles
- Tropical storms and hurricanes (34 kt or more, still tropical) at closest approach. Post-tropical remnants with gale-force winds are listed but not counted. Direct: track within 50 miles; near: within 100 miles. Distance is measured to the county boundary for counties and to the city centre for cities, using positions interpolated hourly between HURDAT2 fixes.
National Hurricane Center HURDAT2, 1851 to 2025.
Wildfire and smoke
No large wildfire has been mapped here since satellite mapping began in 1984.
Smoke overhead
Smokiest year
2023: 71 days
Heavy smoke on 7 days in 2021, the most of any year.
Last 10 years
20.6 days a year
Medium or heavy smoke, 2016 to 2025.
2025
13 days
Medium or heavy smoke. 47 so far in 2026.
- A smoke day is a date on which a smoke plume traced by NOAA Hazard Mapping System analysts from satellite imagery covered this place's point (the county's population centre or the city centre). Counts here are of medium or heavy smoke. Since 2018 analysts have often drawn light smoke as one area over most of the continent, so light-smoke counts are not comparable from year to year. The plumes show smoke anywhere in the air above, not air quality at the ground, and smoke hidden by cloud is missed.
NOAA Hazard Mapping System smoke analysis, 2011 to 2026, retrieved October 30, 2026.
Floods and flood insurance
174 federal flood insurance claims since 1979, with $3.1 million paid.
Most claims in one year
1982: 30 claims
$402,000 paid.
2nd most
2011: 29 claims
$809,000 paid.
3rd most
2008: 18 claims
$294,000 paid.
Claims by ZIP code
| 72112 | 106 | $1.7 million |
| 72020 | 24 | $658,000 |
| 72473 | 18 | $172,000 |
| 72075 | 10 | $175,000 |
| 72431 | 5 | $100,000 |
Flood events since 1996
- Flash Flood53
- Flood43
- Heavy Rain11
1 death recorded in flood events since 1996.
This product uses the Federal Emergency Management Agency's OpenFEMA API, but is not endorsed by FEMA. The Federal Government or FEMA cannot vouch for the data or analyses derived from these data after the data have been retrieved from the Agency's website(s).
OpenFEMA NFIP Redacted Claims v3, refreshed August 4, 2026. NOAA Storm Events through 2026.
River crests
Most severe crest
April 17, 1945
White River at Newport, 35.90 ft
9.90 feet above the 26.0 ft flood stage; major flooding by today’s categories.
Most recent moderate or major crest
April 8, 2025
White River at Newport, 33.26 ft
Major flooding.
| Apr 17, 1945 | White River at Newport | 35.90 | +9.90 |
| Apr 17, 1927 | White River at Newport | 35.60 | +9.60 |
| May 14, 1943 | White River at Newport | 34.68 | +8.68 |
| Feb 1, 1916 | White River at Newport | 34.30 | +8.30 |
| May 4, 2011 | White River at Newport | 34.17 | +8.17 |
| Dec 5, 1982 | White River at Newport | 34.00 | +8.00 |
| Aug 24, 1915 | White River at Newport | 33.90 | +7.90 |
| Mar 21, 2008 | White River at Newport | 33.87 | +7.87 |
| Mar 14, 1935 | White River at Newport | 33.70 | +7.70 |
| Jan 28, 1949 | White River at Newport | 33.50 | +7.50 |
| Feb 20, 1938 | White River at Newport | 33.40 | +7.40 |
| May 5, 2017 | White River at Newport | 33.35 | +7.35 |
| Apr 8, 2025 | White River at Newport | 33.26 | +7.26 |
| Apr 13, 2008 | White River at Newport | 33.16 | +7.16 |
| Jun 15, 1928 | White River at Newport | 33.10 | +7.10 |
| Mar 14, 1890 | White River at Newport | 33.00 | +7.00 |
| Apr 25, 1973 | White River at Newport | 32.73 | +6.73 |
| Dec 31, 2015 | White River at Newport | 32.29 | +6.29 |
| May 15, 1918 | White River at Newport | 32.20 | +6.20 |
| May 19, 1933 | White River at Newport | 32.10 | +6.10 |
| May 15, 1950 | White River at Newport | 32.10 | +6.10 |
| May 8, 1898 | White River at Newport | 32.10 | +6.10 |
| Mar 30, 1975 | White River at Newport | 31.46 | +5.46 |
| Apr 30, 1921 | White River at Newport | 31.30 | +5.30 |
| May 5, 1893 | White River at Newport | 30.70 | +4.70 |
River gauges
| White River at Newport | 26.0 | 35.90 ft | 37 |
- Crests are the highest and the recent crests the National Weather Service lists for each river gauge in the county that has a flood stage, not every flood. Flood categories use each gauge's current flood stages; crests from before levees, dams or channel changes may not be comparable. Crests measured on an old datum are left out of the rankings.
NOAA National Water Prediction Service gauge records, retrieved October 30, 2026.
Drought
In severe drought or worse for 89 of 1,581 months since 1895 (6%); the longest spell lasted 17 months.
89
Months in severe drought or worse since 1895
26
Months in extreme drought
6%
Share of all months, severe or worse
12
Drought reports to the Weather Service since 1996
Lowest reading
November 1954
−5.36, extreme drought
Longest severe spell
17 months
October 1953 to February 1955.
Latest month
September 2026
−4.64, extreme drought
- The Palmer Drought Severity Index is computed by NOAA each month from the county's average temperature and precipitation, relative to the county's own climate. Zero is normal; -3 or lower is severe drought and -4 or lower extreme drought. It describes the long-term balance of moisture, not water supply or crop losses.
NOAA NCEI nClimDiv county Palmer Drought Severity Index, 1895 to September 2026, issued October 6, 2026.
Earthquakes
13 earthquakes of magnitude 4 or more within 50 miles since 1900; the largest was magnitude 4.8 in 1938.
0
Magnitude 2.5+ inside the county since 1973
108
Magnitude 3+ within 50 miles since 1973
13
Magnitude 4+ within 50 miles since 1900
0
Magnitude 5+ within 50 miles since 1900
Largest within 50 miles
September 16, 1938
Magnitude 4.8
2 km E of Gilmore, Arkansas; 44.4 miles away, 0.6 miles deep.
Most recent, magnitude 3 or more
December 27, 2023
Magnitude 3.8
6 km NE of Etowah, Arkansas; 47.8 miles away.
Every earthquake of magnitude 4 or more within 50 miles
| Feb 27, 2011 | 4.7 | 45.0 |
| Feb 18, 2011 | 4.1 | 46.2 |
| Oct 11, 2010 | 4.1 | 42.3 |
| May 1, 2005 | 4.2 | 49.7 |
| Feb 10, 2005 | 4.1 | 44.7 |
| May 4, 2001 | 4.3 | 42.3 |
| Feb 28, 1982 | 4.1 | 34.0 |
| Jan 20, 1982 | 4.2 | 41.7 |
| Mar 24, 1976 | 4.2 | 36.1 |
| Mar 24, 1976 | 4.6 | 35.5 |
| Sep 16, 1938 | 4.8 | 44.4 |
| May 7, 1927 | 4.8 | 35.9 |
| Oct 28, 1923 | 4.8 | 37.4 |
- Earthquakes of magnitude 2.5 or more in the USGS Comprehensive Catalog since 1900. Within 50 miles means the epicentre lies within 50 miles of the county boundary (or inside the county).
- Small earthquakes were under-recorded before the modern seismic networks of the 1970s and are still missed in remote areas, so early decades read low. Magnitudes are as the catalogue reports them and mix scales (moment, local and body-wave).
USGS ANSS Comprehensive Earthquake Catalog, 1900 to present, retrieved October 30, 2026.
Severe weather and other events
615 events in the National Weather Service record, 505 of them since 1996.
64
Hail reports, 1 inch or larger
11
Hail, 2 inches or larger
164
Damaging gusts, 58 mph+
70
Winter weather events since 1996
8
Heat events since 1996
4
Cold events since 1996
Largest hail
October 15, 2022
3.00 inches
Strongest measured or estimated gust
August 7, 1986
100 mph
More event types since 1996
| Lightning | 3 | 2 |
| Dust storms and dust devils | 1 | 0 |
Costliest events since 1996
- Jan 26, 2009Ice Storm, Jackson$35.0 million
National Weather Service narrative
The county's emergency manager reported 1/4 inch of freezing rain as of 10:00 AM on the 27th. Almost 100 percent electrical losses occurred in the county. Trees had to be removed from roads and homes throughout the county. Downed trees and power lines caused traffic delays on Arkansas Highway 18 near Grubbs.
- Mar 1, 1997Tornado$25.0 million
National Weather Service narrative
The tornado in Independence County moved back into Jackson County about 4 miles southwest of Jacksonport at 342 pm CST. The tornado moved northeastward into Jacksonport where there was a considerable loss of trees and damage to homes and businesses. One person was killed in a mobile home that was destroyed. A riverboat also suffered considerable damage when it was blown into a partially flooded area on the shoreline. As the tornado continued to move northeastward, it caused roof and structural damage to a number of buildings. A lot of trees were also blown down as well. The tornado crossed Highway 67 about a mile south of Tuckerman and skirted the southeast part of town. Several…
- Mar 1, 1997Tornado$10.0 million
National Weather Service narrative
The White County tornado moved into Jackson County 3 miles south of Denmark at 325 pm CST. As the tornado crossed Highway 167, 2 people were killed when a tree fell on them while they were taking shelter from the tornado in a ditch. Several mobile homes and some frame homes suffered partial roof removal as the tornado progressed across the county. The tornado exited Jackson County 7 miles northeast of Denmark at 331 pm CST. Damage along the path of the tornado was consistent with an F2 rating.
- Mar 19, 2008Flood$5.0 million
National Weather Service narrative
Heavy rain caused the White River at Newport to crest above major flood level and at the same stage as in December, 1982. Approximately 45 homes in Newport were damaged due to the rising water. The Jacksonport State Park was submerged by water from the river. The camping area, pavilion, playground and bathrooms were flooded. In Jackson County, 53 homes and 47 county roads confirmed damage. Arkansas Highways 14 and 69 were flooded. Agricultural damages were also noted with pastures and winter wheat losses.
- May 1, 2011Flood$1.5 million
National Weather Service narrative
Parts of Arkansas Highways 14, 18, 37, 42, 69, 69S, 224, 226, and 384 were closed due to flooding. Jacksonport and areas to the north of town were evacuated; Jacksonport State Park was closed. Flooding in Jackson County continued into June.
- Dec 25, 2012Winter Storm, Jackson$1.0 million
National Weather Service narrative
Cooperative observers measured 10 inches of snow at Newport and 4.6 inches at Beedeville.
- Apr 30, 2010Tornado$1.0 million
National Weather Service narrative
This was the fifth of five tornadoes spawned by the same supercell thunderstorm. This tornado passed through the south side of Shoffner. A church was destroyed and a power substation was damaged. A hangar at a flying service was destroyed and an aircraft used for agricultural application was damaged. A mobile home was overturned and destroyed. Significant roof damage occurred to homes. A grain elevator was badly damaged. An irrigation pivot was overturned. Outbuildings were destroyed or damaged. Trees were blown down.
- Sep 13, 2008Tropical Storm, Jackson$750,000
National Weather Service narrative
At the Newport airport, sustained winds reached 46 mph and gusts were recorded at 61 MPH. Trees were down all over Newport.
- Jun 12, 2009Thunderstorm Wind$600,000
National Weather Service narrative
A building belonging to an agricultural flying service was destroyed, as was the crop dusting plane inside it.
- Mar 2, 2014Winter Storm, Jackson$600,000
National Weather Service narrative
The fire station at Grubbs collapsed on the 5th due to the weight of ice and snow on the roof of the metal building.
- Storm Events records before 1996 cover only tornadoes, thunderstorm wind and hail. Damage figures are as reported by the National Weather Service at the time, not adjusted for inflation.
NOAA NCEI Storm Events Database, 1950 to 2026, issued October 26, 2026.
Weather records
From Newport, 2.1 miles from the county’s population centre, with records from 1884.
- All-time high
- 114°FAug 9, 1930
- All-time low
- −17°FDec 25, 1983
- Warmest night
- 86°FAug 8, 1951
- Coldest day
- 7°F2 times, most recently Dec 25, 1983
- Wettest day
- 6.90 inMay 17, 2003
- Snowiest day
- 12.0 in2 times, most recently Jan 7, 1988
- Hottest year
- 1921mean 64.9°F
- Coldest year
- 1979mean 56.6°F
- Wettest year
- 200984.15 in
- Driest year
- 200531.58 in
- Snowiest season
- 17.4 in2009-10
Median first snow
January 9
Earliest: November 14, 1976
Median last snow
February 11
Latest: March 24, 1940
17 of 83 winters had no measurable snow.
Station Newport (USC00035186), 220 ft elevation, 2.1 miles from the population centre. Daily records from 1884 to October 26, 2026; 96.1% of days in the last 30 years are complete. Records at a single station can differ from a city’s official threaded record, which may combine several stations.
NOAA NCEI Global Historical Climatology Network Daily.
Federal disaster declarations
35 since 1953. The most recent: Severe Winter Storm, January 24, 2026.
| Jan 24, 2026 | Winter Storm | EM-3636-AR |
| May 21, 2025 | Flood | DR-4873-AR |
| May 8, 2025 | Severe Storm | DR-4865-AR |
| Apr 5, 2025 | Severe Storm | EM-3627-AR |
| Dec 23, 2021 | Tornado | DR-4633-AR |
| Aug 27, 2020 | Hurricane | EM-3541-AR |
| Apr 3, 2020 | Biological | DR-4518-AR |
| Mar 13, 2020 | Biological | EM-3461-AR |
| Jun 15, 2017 | Severe Storm | DR-4318-AR |
| Feb 5, 2016 | Severe Storm | DR-4254-AR |
| Apr 29, 2014 | Severe Storm | DR-4174-AR |
| May 2, 2011 | Severe Storm | DR-1975-AR |
| Feb 4, 2010 | Severe Storm | DR-1872-AR |
| Dec 3, 2009 | Severe Storm | DR-1861-AR |
| Jun 16, 2009 | Severe Storm | DR-1845-AR |
| Feb 6, 2009 | Severe Storm | DR-1819-AR |
| Jan 28, 2009 | Severe Ice Storm | EM-3301-AR |
| Mar 26, 2008 | Severe Storm | DR-1751-AR |
| Sep 2, 2005 | Hurricane | EM-3215-AR |
| May 7, 2004 | Severe Storm | DR-1516-AR |
| Jun 6, 2003 | Severe Storm | DR-1472-AR |
| Jan 6, 2003 | Severe Ice Storm | DR-1450-AR |
| Jan 24, 2002 | Severe Storm | DR-1400-AR |
| Dec 29, 2000 | Severe Ice Storm | DR-1354-AR |
| Dec 28, 2000 | Severe Ice Storm | EM-3159-AR |
| Jan 23, 1999 | Severe Storm | DR-1266-AR |
| Apr 14, 1997 | Flood | DR-1176-AR |
| Mar 2, 1997 | Severe Storm | DR-1162-AR |
| Dec 13, 1982 | Severe Storm | DR-673-AR |
| Apr 11, 1979 | Tornado | DR-574-AR |
| Dec 3, 1976 | Drought | EM-3019-AR |
| May 29, 1973 | Flood | DR-389-AR |
| Apr 27, 1973 | Flood | DR-375-AR |
| Feb 15, 1969 | Flood | DR-254-AR |
| May 29, 1968 | Tornado | DR-239-AR |
This product uses the Federal Emergency Management Agency's OpenFEMA API, but is not endorsed by FEMA. The Federal Government or FEMA cannot vouch for the data or analyses derived from these data after the data have been retrieved from the Agency's website(s).
OpenFEMA Disaster Declarations Summaries, retrieved October 30, 2026. Statewide declarations are not listed.
How this compares
Where Jackson County stands among 75 counties in Arkansas and 3,143 in the United States.
| Tornadoes since 1950 | 60 | 5 / 75 |
| Tornadoes rated F3/EF3 or stronger | 9 | 6 / 75 |
| Tropical cyclones within 50 mi | 4 | 31 / 75 |
| Hurricane-strength passes within 50 mi | 0 | — |
| Wildfire acres since 1984 | 0 | — |
| Flood insurance claims | 174 | 17 / 75 |
| Flood insurance paid | $3.1 million | 18 / 75 |
| Disaster declarations | 35 | 1 / 75 |
| Flood events since 1996 | 107 | 17 / 75 |
| Hail and wind events since 1996 | 253 | 40 / 75 |
| Winter storm events since 1996 | 70 | 25 / 75 |
| Reported damage since 1996 | $86.0 million | 20 / 75 |
| River crests at major flood stage | 37 | 3 / 75 |
| High tide flooding days a year, last 10 years | 0.0 | — |
| Months in severe drought since 1895 | 89 | 34 / 75 |
| Medium or heavy smoke days a year, last 10 years | 20.6 | 9 / 75 |
| Earthquakes M4+ within 50 mi since 1900 | 13 | 7 / 75 |
| Earthquakes M2.5+ in the county since 1973 | 0 | — |
Neighbouring counties
| Craighead County | 57 | 4 |
| Cross County | 30 | 6 |
| Independence County | 43 | 3 |
| Lawrence County | 24 | 4 |
| Poinsett County | 49 | 5 |
| White County | 81 | 3 |
| Woodruff County | 38 | 3 |
Sources and vintage
Every number on this page comes from these public records.
- Tornadoes NOAA Storm Prediction Center severe weather database, through 2025.
- Tropical cyclones NOAA National Hurricane Center HURDAT2 (Atlantic; Northeast and Central Pacific), through 2025.
- Wildfire USGS/USFS Monitoring Trends in Burn Severity, through 2026.
- Storm events NOAA NCEI Storm Events Database, through 2026.
- Flood insurance OpenFEMA NFIP Redacted Claims v3, refreshed August 4, 2026.
- Declarations OpenFEMA Disaster Declarations Summaries v2, retrieved October 30, 2026.
- Weather records NOAA NCEI Global Historical Climatology Network Daily, station USC00035186.
- River crests NOAA National Weather Service, National Water Prediction Service river gauges, retrieved October 30, 2026.
- Drought NOAA NCEI nClimDiv county Palmer Drought Severity Index, through September 2026.
- Smoke NOAA NESDIS Hazard Mapping System smoke analysis, retrieved October 30, 2026.
- Earthquakes USGS ANSS Comprehensive Earthquake Catalog (ComCat), retrieved October 30, 2026.
Joins, thresholds and known limits are set out in the methodology. Found an error? Report it. Page built October 30, 2026.