Eagle County

Population 54,291 (2025) 1,685 sq mi

Large wildfires have burned 19,102 acres of Eagle County since 1984, 35th most of 64 counties in Colorado; the largest was the Lake Christine Fire in 2018.

Hazard fingerprint for Eagle County Tornado: 3th percentile. Tropical: 0th percentile. Wildfire: 45th percentile. Flood: 20th percentile. Hail & wind: 6th percentile. Heat: 0th percentile. Cold: 94th percentile. Winter: 100th percentile. TORTROPFIREFLOODSEVEREHEATCOLDWINTER

Hazard fingerprint Each spoke is this county’s percentile among U.S. counties where that hazard occurs. How it is computed

2026
  • Tornado damage paths since 19502
  • Wildfire burn scars since 19845

At a glance

The record for Eagle County in eight numbers. Each links to its section below.

Acres burned since 1984

19,102

35th of 64 in Colorado

5 large fires; the largest was Lake Christine, 2018

Details

Flood insurance claims

35

19th of 64 in Colorado

$270,000 paid since 1983

Details

Tornadoes since 1950

2

47th of 64 in Colorado

Fewer than the typical Colorado county, which has had 9

Details

Strongest tornado

F1

April 6, 1974, 0.1 mile path

Federal disaster declarations

9

Most recent: Grizzly Creek Fire, 2020

Details

Costliest event since 1996

$3.5M

Wildfire, October 1, 2018

Details

Tornadoes

About one every 38 years since 1950, none rated F3/EF3 or stronger.

Strongest

April 6, 1974

F1, 0.1 mile path

33 yards wide.

Most recent

Wednesday, June 30, 2004

F0, 0.1 mile path

22 years ago.

Tornadoes by decade Doppler radar era² 1950s: 0 1960s: 0 1970s: 1 1 1980s: 0 1990s: 0 2000s: 1 1 2010s: 0 2020s: 0 1950s1960s1970s1980s1990s2000s2010s2020s
Recorded tornadoes per decade. The 2020s are incomplete.
Tornadoes by month J: 0 F: 0 M: 0 A: 1 1 M: 0 J: 1 J: 0 A: 0 S: 0 O: 0 N: 0 D: 0 JFMAMJJASOND
By month of occurrence, all years.

Every recorded tornado

Tornadoes in Eagle County since 1950
Jun 30, 2004F00.11500
Apr 6, 1974F10.13300
  1. Injuries and deaths are for the tornado’s whole path, which may extend beyond the county. Deaths recorded within Eagle County: 0.
  2. Weak tornadoes were under-recorded before Doppler radar coverage became national in the early 1990s, so earlier decades read low. Ratings use the Fujita scale before February 2007 and the Enhanced Fujita scale after.

Storm Prediction Center severe weather database, 1950 to 2025.

Hurricanes and tropical storms

No tropical storm or hurricane has tracked within 100 miles since records began in 1851.

Wildfire and smoke

19,102 acres burned in 5 large fires since 1984, equal to 1.8% of the land.

Largest

July 3, 2018

Lake Christine Fire, 12,512 acres

12,506 acres inside Eagle County.

Most recent

June 20, 2021

Sylvan Fire

3,486 acres in total.

Acres burned since 1984, cumulative 2002: 1,1082003: 1,3222018: 12,5072020: 6802021: 3,486 19,102 acres 198519901995200020052010201520202025
Running total of acres burned inside the county (line) and each year’s acres (bars).

Every large fire

Large wildfires since 1984
Sylvan20213,4853,486
Grizzly Creek202067930,698
Lake Christine201812,50612,512
Dotsero Crater20031,3221,323
Unnamed20021,1071,237
  1. Large fires mapped by the Monitoring Trends in Burn Severity program since 1984: 1,000 acres or more in the West, 500 or more in the East. Prescribed burns are excluded. Acres here are the part of each perimeter inside this place.

Monitoring Trends in Burn Severity (USGS and U.S. Forest Service), 1984 to 2026.

Smoke overhead

Smokiest year

2021: 37 days

Heavy smoke on 16 days in 2021, the most of any year.

Last 10 years

11.9 days a year

Medium or heavy smoke, 2016 to 2025.

2025

15 days

Medium or heavy smoke. 25 so far in 2026.

Days with medium or heavy smoke overhead, by year 2011: 5 2012: 9 2013: 5 2014: 0 2015: 1 2016: 1 2017: 5 2018: 12 2019: 1 2020: 27 2021: 37 37 2022: 7 2023: 8 2024: 6 2025: 15 201120122013201420152016201720182019202020212022202320242025
Days each year on which a satellite-traced plume of medium or heavy smoke covered the county’s population centre, 2011 to 2025.
  1. A smoke day is a date on which a smoke plume traced by NOAA Hazard Mapping System analysts from satellite imagery covered this place's point (the county's population centre or the city centre). Counts here are of medium or heavy smoke. Since 2018 analysts have often drawn light smoke as one area over most of the continent, so light-smoke counts are not comparable from year to year. The plumes show smoke anywhere in the air above, not air quality at the ground, and smoke hidden by cloud is missed.

NOAA Hazard Mapping System smoke analysis, 2011 to 2026, retrieved October 30, 2026.

Floods and flood insurance

35 federal flood insurance claims since 1983, with $270,000 paid.

Federal flood insurance claims by year 1984: 9 9 2019: 8 1984
Claims per year since 1983. Years with fewer than five claims are not shown.

Most claims in one year

1984: 9 claims

$105,000 paid.

2nd most

2019: 8 claims

$92,000 paid.

Claims by ZIP code

Flood insurance claims by ZIP code
8165713$146,000
816218$107,000
816375$3,975

Flood events since 1996

  • Flash Flood22
  • Flood13
  • Heavy Rain9

4 deaths recorded in flood events since 1996.

This product uses the Federal Emergency Management Agency's OpenFEMA API, but is not endorsed by FEMA. The Federal Government or FEMA cannot vouch for the data or analyses derived from these data after the data have been retrieved from the Agency's website(s).

OpenFEMA NFIP Redacted Claims v3, refreshed August 4, 2026. NOAA Storm Events through 2026.

River crests

Most severe crest

June 6, 2010

Gore Creek near Minturn, 11.34 ft

1.04 feet above the 10.3 ft flood stage; moderate flooding by today’s categories.

Most recent moderate or major crest

June 30, 2019

Gore Creek near Minturn, 11.06 ft

Moderate flooding.

Highest river crests above flood stage
Jun 6, 2010Gore Creek near Minturn11.34+1.04Moderate
Jun 30, 2019Gore Creek near Minturn11.06+0.76Moderate
Jun 7, 2011Colorado River near Dotsero12.64+0.64Minor
Jun 1, 2003Gore Creek near Minturn10.88+0.58Minor
Jul 1, 2019Eagle River at Gypsum9.49+0.49Minor
Jun 7, 2010Eagle River at Gypsum9.31+0.31Minor
Jun 1, 2014Colorado River near Dotsero12.12+0.12Minor
Jun 25, 2011Gore Creek near Minturn10.34+0.04Minor
May 1, 1991Frying Pan River below Ruedi Resv.3.38−0.02Action
Jul 3, 2019Frying Pan River below Ruedi Resv.3.38−0.02Action
Jul 10, 2011Frying Pan River below Ruedi Resv.3.37−0.03Action
Jun 9, 2024Gore Creek near Minturn10.24−0.06Action
Jun 8, 2008Frying Pan River below Ruedi Resv.3.25−0.15Action
May 24, 2006Frying Pan River below Ruedi Resv.3.24−0.16Action
Jun 1, 2014Gore Creek near Minturn10.13−0.17Action
Jun 7, 2011Eagle River at Gypsum8.78−0.22Action
May 30, 1998Frying Pan River below Ruedi Resv.3.16−0.24Action
May 20, 2009Frying Pan River below Ruedi Resv.3.14−0.26Action
Jun 29, 1999Frying Pan River below Ruedi Resv.3.13−0.27Action
Jun 9, 2010Frying Pan River below Ruedi Resv.3.12−0.28Action
Jun 18, 2015Frying Pan River below Ruedi Resv.3.09−0.31Action
Jun 17, 2015Eagle River at Gypsum8.68−0.32Action
Jun 2, 2014Eagle River at Gypsum8.66−0.34Action
Jun 12, 2015Gore Creek near Minturn9.92−0.38Action
May 31, 2014Eagle River at Red Cliff5.55−0.45Action

River gauges

River gauges and their highest listed crests
Colorado River near Dotsero12.012.64 ftJun 7, 20110
Eagle River at Gypsum9.09.49 ftJul 1, 20190
Eagle River at Red Cliff6.05.55 ftMay 31, 20140
Frying Pan River below Ruedi Resv.3.43.38 ftMay 1, 19910
Gore Creek near Minturn10.311.34 ftJun 6, 20100
Piney River near State Bridge10.05.73 ftJun 7, 20110
  1. Crests are the highest and the recent crests the National Weather Service lists for each river gauge in the county that has a flood stage, not every flood. Flood categories use each gauge's current flood stages; crests from before levees, dams or channel changes may not be comparable. Crests measured on an old datum are left out of the rankings.

NOAA National Water Prediction Service gauge records, retrieved October 30, 2026.

Drought

In severe drought or worse for 154 of 1,581 months since 1895 (10%); the longest spell lasted 16 months.

154

Months in severe drought or worse since 1895

58

Months in extreme drought

10%

Share of all months, severe or worse

249

Drought reports to the Weather Service since 1996

Lowest reading

July 2026

−7.64, extreme drought

Longest severe spell

16 months

November 1939 to February 1941.

Latest month

September 2026

−6.92, extreme drought

Months in severe drought or worse, by year 1895: 0 1896: 0 1897: 0 1898: 0 1899: 0 1900: 4 1901: 6 1902: 8 1903: 0 1904: 1 1905: 0 1906: 0 1907: 0 1908: 0 1909: 0 1910: 2 1911: 2 1912: 0 1913: 1 1914: 0 1915: 0 1916: 0 1917: 0 1918: 0 1919: 1 1920: 0 1921: 0 1922: 0 1923: 0 1924: 0 1925: 0 1926: 0 1927: 0 1928: 0 1929: 0 1930: 0 1931: 0 1932: 0 1933: 0 1934: 0 1935: 0 1936: 0 1937: 0 1938: 0 1939: 2 1940: 12 12 1941: 2 1942: 0 1943: 0 1944: 0 1945: 1 1946: 0 1947: 0 1948: 0 1949: 0 1950: 0 1951: 0 1952: 0 1953: 0 1954: 5 1955: 0 1956: 2 1957: 0 1958: 5 1959: 1 1960: 0 1961: 2 1962: 1 1963: 6 1964: 1 1965: 0 1966: 0 1967: 0 1968: 0 1969: 0 1970: 0 1971: 0 1972: 0 1973: 0 1974: 0 1975: 0 1976: 0 1977: 11 1978: 1 1979: 0 1980: 0 1981: 4 1982: 0 1983: 0 1984: 0 1985: 0 1986: 0 1987: 0 1988: 1 1989: 0 1990: 7 1991: 0 1992: 0 1993: 0 1994: 3 1995: 1 1996: 0 1997: 0 1998: 0 1999: 0 2000: 0 2001: 0 2002: 12 2003: 2 2004: 1 2005: 0 2006: 0 2007: 0 2008: 0 2009: 0 2010: 0 2011: 0 2012: 5 2013: 3 2014: 0 2015: 0 2016: 0 2017: 1 2018: 9 2019: 0 2020: 5 2021: 10 2022: 0 2023: 0 2024: 0 2025: 4 18951905191519251935194519551965197519851995200520152025
Months each year with a Palmer index of −3 or lower, 1895 to 2025. Twelve means the whole year.
  1. The Palmer Drought Severity Index is computed by NOAA each month from the county's average temperature and precipitation, relative to the county's own climate. Zero is normal; -3 or lower is severe drought and -4 or lower extreme drought. It describes the long-term balance of moisture, not water supply or crop losses.

NOAA NCEI nClimDiv county Palmer Drought Severity Index, 1895 to September 2026, issued October 6, 2026.

Earthquakes, volcanoes and landslides

2 earthquakes of magnitude 4 or more within 50 miles since 1900; the largest was magnitude 4.3 in 2002.

4

Magnitude 2.5+ inside the county since 1973

27

Magnitude 3+ within 50 miles since 1973

2

Magnitude 4+ within 50 miles since 1900

0

Magnitude 5+ within 50 miles since 1900

Largest within 50 miles

January 31, 2002

Magnitude 4.3

28 km SSW of Craig, Colorado; 39.8 miles away, 3.1 miles deep.

Most recent, magnitude 3 or more

September 2, 2024

Magnitude 3.1

21 km NW of Steamboat Springs, Colorado; 48.1 miles away.

Earthquakes of magnitude 3 or more within 50 miles, by year 1973: 0 1974: 0 1975: 0 1976: 0 1977: 1 1978: 1 1979: 0 1980: 0 1981: 0 1982: 0 1983: 0 1984: 3 1985: 0 1986: 5 5 1987: 0 1988: 0 1989: 0 1990: 1 1991: 0 1992: 0 1993: 1 1994: 0 1995: 0 1996: 0 1997: 0 1998: 0 1999: 0 2000: 1 2001: 1 2002: 1 2003: 0 2004: 0 2005: 2 2006: 1 2007: 0 2008: 0 2009: 0 2010: 0 2011: 2 2012: 1 2013: 0 2014: 0 2015: 0 2016: 0 2017: 1 2018: 3 2019: 1 2020: 0 2021: 0 2022: 0 2023: 0 2024: 1 2025: 0 19731978198319881993199820032008201320182023
Per year, 1973 to 2025.

Every earthquake of magnitude 4 or more within 50 miles

Earthquakes of magnitude 4 or more within 50 miles
Jan 31, 20024.339.83.128 km SSW of Craig, Colorado
Aug 9, 20014.022.73.111 km NNE of Chacra, Colorado
  1. Earthquakes of magnitude 2.5 or more in the USGS Comprehensive Catalog since 1900. Within 50 miles means the epicentre lies within 50 miles of the county boundary (or inside the county).
  2. Small earthquakes were under-recorded before the modern seismic networks of the 1970s and are still missed in remote areas, so early decades read low. Magnitudes are as the catalogue reports them and mix scales (moment, local and body-wave).

USGS ANSS Comprehensive Earthquake Catalog, 1900 to present, retrieved October 30, 2026.

Volcanoes within 100 miles

Volcanoes within 100 miles
Dotsero Volcanic CenterInsideModerate7,316
  1. U.S. volcanoes within 100 miles, from the USGS Volcano Hazards Program. The threat category is the USGS 2018 National Volcanic Threat Assessment, which ranks volcanoes by how hazardous their past eruptions were and how many people and how much infrastructure lie near them. It is not a forecast of eruption.

USGS Volcano Hazards Program, retrieved October 30, 2026.

Mapped landslides

1,343

Landslides mapped, probable or better

8

With a recorded date

3

Source inventories

Mapped by CO GS (1,331), NASA (8), USGS Conterminous (4).

  1. Landslides mapped in the USGS compilation of landslide inventories across the United States (version 3.0, 2025), rated probable or better. The compilation joins inventories made by federal and state agencies for different purposes and areas, so the number mapped in a county reflects how closely it has been surveyed as much as how often its slopes fail. An area with few records may simply not have been mapped. Deaths are as recorded in the inventories; a slide listed in two inventories is counted once.

USGS Landslide Inventories across the United States, version 3.0, retrieved October 27, 2026.

Severe weather and other events

1,546 events in the National Weather Service record, 1,538 of them since 1996.

0

Hail reports, 1 inch or larger

0

Hail, 2 inches or larger

41

Damaging gusts, 58 mph+

1,024

Winter weather events since 1996

0

Heat events since 1996

68

Cold events since 1996

Largest hail

August 22, 2000

0.75 inches

Strongest measured or estimated gust

June 6, 2007

92 mph

More event types since 1996

Other Storm Events types since 1996
Lightning100Aug 16, 2008
Dense fog and smoke1900Jan 3, 2026
Debris flows2516Aug 5, 2024
Avalanches472621Mar 7, 2026

Costliest events since 1996

  1. Oct 1, 2018Wildfire, Gore And Elk Mountains/Central Mountain Valleys$3.5 million
    National Weather Service narrative

    The Lake Christine Fire began in early July from human causes, allegedly from tracer rounds fired at the Basalt Gun Range about one mile northwest of Basalt. Lack of rainfall and gusty winds allowed the fire to grow to a total of 12,588 acres before it was finally contained in early October. Periodic road closures were in effect as well as closures in the White River National Forest. Numerous neighborhoods were evacuated. The fire destroyed three homes, a barn and an outbuilding. The three homes had a combined value of $2.65 million.

  2. Aug 1, 2018Wildfire, Gore And Elk Mountains/Central Mountain Valleys$3.5 million
    National Weather Service narrative

    The Lake Christine Fire began in early July from human causes, allegedly from tracer rounds fired at the Basalt Gun Range about a mile northwest of Basalt. Lack of rainfall and gusty winds allowed the fire to grow to a total of 12,588 acres before it was finally contained in the beginning of October. Periodic road closures were in effect as well as closed access in the White River National Forest. Numerous neighborhoods were evacuated. The fire destroyed three homes, a barn and an outbuilding. The three homes had a combined value of $2.65 million.

  3. Sep 1, 2018Wildfire, Gore And Elk Mountains/Central Mountain Valleys$3.5 million
    National Weather Service narrative

    The Lake Christine fire began in early July from human causes, allegedly from tracer rounds fired at the Basalt Gun Range about mile northwest of Basalt. Lack of rainfall and gusty winds allowed the fire to grow to a total of 12,588 acres before it was finally contained in the beginning of October. Periodic road closures were in effect as well as closures in the White River National Forest. Numerous neighborhoods were evacuated. The fire destroyed three homes, a barn and an outbuilding. The three homes had a combined value of $2.65 million.

  4. Jun 1, 2003Flood, Gore And Elk Mountains/Central Mountain Valleys$3.2 million
    National Weather Service narrative

    Heavy rains combined with snow melt to cause Gore Creek to rise above flood stage. More than 400 homes were ordered evacuated in Vail and East Vail due to flooding along Gore Creek. A 4 to 5 foot berm was built and sandbagging operations were conducted along portions of Gore Creek to hold flood waters at bay. Interstate 70 in the Vail area was closed in both directions for several days due to a 20-by-20 foot sinkhole in the westbound lanes which formed after high water from Big Horn Creek washed out a culvert .

  5. Jul 3, 2018Wildfire, Gore And Elk Mountains/Central Mountain Valleys$3.0 million
    National Weather Service narrative

    The Lake Christine Fire began from human causes, allegedly from tracer rounds fired at the Basalt Gun Range about one mile northwest of Basalt. Lack of rainfall and gusty winds allowed the fire to grow to a total of 12,588 acres before it was finally contained in the beginning of October. Periodic road closures were in effect as well as closures in the White River National Forest. Numerous neighborhoods were evacuated. The fire destroyed three homes, a barn and an outbuilding. The three homes had a combined value of $2.65 million.

  6. Nov 25, 2004Debris Flow, Central Colorado River Basin$1.4 million
    National Weather Service narrative

    A massive rockslide punched van-size holes in the decking of Interstate 70 near the Hanging Lake exit ramp, about 8 miles east of Glenwood Springs. The highway was closed in both directions all day on Thanksgiving Day, sending holiday travelers on a 220 mile detour to get through the mountains. The slide zone covered a stretch of Interstate 70 about 100 feet in length and 10 feet deep. According to the Colorado Department of Transportation, two bridges received holes in their decking on eastbound I-70. About six boulders were embedded up to eight feet into the roadway. The rocks fell from about 1,300 feet above the highway, leaving gaping holes up to 25 feet wide and 10 feet long…

  7. Mar 8, 2010Debris Flow, Central Colorado River Basin$1.0 million
    National Weather Service narrative

    A massive rockslide occurred in Glenwood Canyon about two miles east of Glenwood springs and struck a section of Interstate 70 with boulders the size of trucks. Some of the boulders punched through the westbound lanes producing holes in the road up to 20 feet in length and 10 feet wide. Additionally, large boulders the size of cars blocked the eastbound lanes.

  8. Jul 22, 2021Debris Flow$500,000
    National Weather Service narrative

    Nottingham Road west of Buck Creek Road in Avon was closed for several hours after multiple mudslides occurred as a result of heavy rains.

  9. Apr 15, 2008Wildfire, Central Colorado River Basin$500,000
    National Weather Service narrative

    A fire of unknown origins started about 1.2 miles east of Carbondale along County Road 100. Wind gusts to 50 mph quickly spread the fire to over 1000 acres, and the fire jumped across the Roaring Fork River in the process. Four houses caught on fire, though efforts by firefighters prevented the houses from being destroyed. Many lawns and trees were charred. A man received burns to the back of his head and arms as he was fishing along the Roaring Fork River. County Road 100 was closed for an extensive period of time, while Highway 82 was closed for three hours. Hundreds of residents and a large number of livestock in the area were evacuated. There were 140 firefighters who fought…

  10. Aug 16, 2008Lightning$500,000
    National Weather Service narrative

    Lightning struck a home in Vail Valley and ignited a fire within the floor structure and the ceiling cavity. The fire burned through five structural floor joists. The lightning also blew apart a section of the stone chimney and sent pieces flying up to 20 feet away.

  1. Storm Events records before 1996 cover only tornadoes, thunderstorm wind and hail. Damage figures are as reported by the National Weather Service at the time, not adjusted for inflation.

NOAA NCEI Storm Events Database, 1950 to 2026, issued October 26, 2026.

Weather records

No weather station within 40 miles has the 30 years of complete, current records this section needs.

Federal disaster declarations

9 since 1953. The most recent: Grizzly Creek Fire, August 19, 2020.

Federal disaster declarations
Aug 19, 2020FireGrizzly Creek FireFire managementFM-5334-CO
Mar 28, 2020BiologicalCovid-19 PandemicMajor disasterDR-4498-CO
Mar 13, 2020BiologicalCovid-19EmergencyEM-3436-CO
Jul 4, 2018FireLake Christine FireFire managementFM-5249-CO
Sep 5, 2005Coastal StormHurricane Katrina EvacuationEmergencyEM-3224-CO
Jul 31, 2002FireCo - Panorama Fire - 07/31/02Fire managementFM-2457-CO
Jun 19, 2002FireWildfiresMajor disasterDR-1421-CO
Jul 27, 1984FloodSevere Storms, Mudslides, Landslides & FloodingMajor disasterDR-719-CO
Jan 29, 1977DroughtDroughtEmergencyEM-3025-CO

This product uses the Federal Emergency Management Agency's OpenFEMA API, but is not endorsed by FEMA. The Federal Government or FEMA cannot vouch for the data or analyses derived from these data after the data have been retrieved from the Agency's website(s).

OpenFEMA Disaster Declarations Summaries, retrieved October 30, 2026. Statewide declarations are not listed.

How this compares

Where Eagle County stands among 64 counties in Colorado and 3,143 in the United States.

Ranks
Tornadoes since 1950247 / 642,866 / 3,143
Tornadoes rated F3/EF3 or stronger0——
Tropical cyclones within 50 mi0——
Hurricane-strength passes within 50 mi0——
Wildfire acres since 198419,10235 / 64675 / 3,143
Flood insurance claims3519 / 641,818 / 3,143
Flood insurance paid$270,00019 / 642,017 / 3,143
Disaster declarations929 / 642,860 / 3,143
Flood events since 19964420 / 641,593 / 3,143
Hail and wind events since 19968146 / 642,876 / 3,143
Winter storm events since 19961,0248 / 6411 / 3,143
Reported damage since 1996$21.9 million16 / 641,406 / 3,143
River crests at major flood stage0——
High tide flooding days a year, last 10 years0.0——
Months in severe drought since 189515441 / 64849 / 3,143
Medium or heavy smoke days a year, last 10 years11.940 / 642,174 / 3,143
Earthquakes M4+ within 50 mi since 1900240 / 641,151 / 3,143
Earthquakes M2.5+ in the county since 1973417 / 64505 / 3,143

Neighbouring counties

Neighbouring counties
Garfield County00219,11930
Grand County10224,5197
Lake County0001
Pitkin County10031
Routt County3071,48936
Summit County00030

Sources and vintage

Every number on this page comes from these public records.

  • Tornadoes NOAA Storm Prediction Center severe weather database, through 2025.
  • Tropical cyclones NOAA National Hurricane Center HURDAT2 (Atlantic; Northeast and Central Pacific), through 2025.
  • Wildfire USGS/USFS Monitoring Trends in Burn Severity, through 2026.
  • Storm events NOAA NCEI Storm Events Database, through 2026.
  • Flood insurance OpenFEMA NFIP Redacted Claims v3, refreshed August 4, 2026.
  • Declarations OpenFEMA Disaster Declarations Summaries v2, retrieved October 30, 2026.
  • Weather records NOAA NCEI Global Historical Climatology Network Daily.
  • River crests NOAA National Weather Service, National Water Prediction Service river gauges, retrieved October 30, 2026.
  • Drought NOAA NCEI nClimDiv county Palmer Drought Severity Index, through September 2026.
  • Smoke NOAA NESDIS Hazard Mapping System smoke analysis, retrieved October 30, 2026.
  • Volcanoes USGS Volcano Hazards Program, U.S. volcanoes and 2018 threat assessment.
  • Landslides USGS Landslide Inventories across the United States, version 3.0 (2025).
  • Earthquakes USGS ANSS Comprehensive Earthquake Catalog (ComCat), retrieved October 30, 2026.

Joins, thresholds and known limits are set out in the methodology. Found an error? Report it. Page built October 30, 2026.