Boundary County

Population 13,997 (2025) 1,269 sq mi

Large wildfires have burned 40,586 acres of Boundary County since 1984, 34th most of 44 counties in Idaho; the largest was the Russell Mountain Fire in 2022.

Hazard fingerprint for Boundary County Tornado: 2th percentile. Tropical: 0th percentile. Wildfire: 63th percentile. Flood: 13th percentile. Hail & wind: 8th percentile. Heat: 4th percentile. Cold: 28th percentile. Winter: 99th percentile. TORTROPFIREFLOODSEVEREHEATCOLDWINTER

Hazard fingerprint Each spoke is this county’s percentile among U.S. counties where that hazard occurs. How it is computed

2026
  • Tornado damage paths since 19501
  • Wildfire burn scars since 19846

At a glance

The record for Boundary County in eight numbers. Each links to its section below.

Acres burned since 1984

40,586

34th of 44 in Idaho

6 large fires; the largest was Russell Mountain, 2022

Details

Flood insurance claims

3

29th of 44 in Idaho

$8,395 paid since 2002

Details

Tornadoes since 1950

1

37th of 44 in Idaho

Fewer than the typical Idaho county, which has had 4

Details

Strongest tornado

F1

May 29, 1994, 0.1 mile path

Federal disaster declarations

12

Most recent: Straight-Line Winds, 2026

Details

Record high

108°F

June 30, 2021

Details

Record low

−33°F

December 30, 1968

Details

Snowiest season

159.0in

Winter of 1996-97

Tornadoes

About one every 76 years since 1950, none rated F3/EF3 or stronger.

Strongest

May 29, 1994

F1, 0.1 mile path

20 yards wide.

Most recent

Sunday, May 29, 1994

F1, 0.1 mile path

32 years ago.

Tornadoes by decade Doppler radar era² 1950s: 0 1960s: 0 1970s: 0 1980s: 0 1990s: 1 1 2000s: 0 2010s: 0 2020s: 0 1950s1960s1970s1980s1990s2000s2010s2020s
Recorded tornadoes per decade. The 2020s are incomplete.
Tornadoes by month J: 0 F: 0 M: 0 A: 0 M: 1 1 J: 0 J: 0 A: 0 S: 0 O: 0 N: 0 D: 0 JFMAMJJASOND
By month of occurrence, all years.

Every recorded tornado

Tornadoes in Boundary County since 1950
May 29, 1994F10.12000
  1. Injuries and deaths are for the tornado’s whole path, which may extend beyond the county. Deaths recorded within Boundary County: 0.
  2. Weak tornadoes were under-recorded before Doppler radar coverage became national in the early 1990s, so earlier decades read low. Ratings use the Fujita scale before February 2007 and the Enhanced Fujita scale after.

Storm Prediction Center severe weather database, 1950 to 2025.

Hurricanes and tropical storms

No tropical storm or hurricane has tracked within 100 miles since records began in 1851.

Wildfire and smoke

40,586 acres burned in 6 large fires since 1984, equal to 5.0% of the land.

Largest

August 24, 2022

Russell Mountain Fire, 26,104 acres

26,121 acres inside Boundary County.

Most recent

August 24, 2022

Russell Mountain Fire

26,104 acres in total.

Acres burned since 1984, cumulative 2003: 3,5392006: 3,3192015: 4,7742017: 1,7182018: 1,1142022: 26,122 40,586 acres 198519901995200020052010201520202025
Running total of acres burned inside the county (line) and each year’s acres (bars).

Every large fire

Large wildfires since 1984
Russell Mountain202226,12126,104
Smith Creek20181,1141,116
North Fork Hughes20171,7184,624
Parker Ridge20154,7734,769
Hughes 32 Complex20063,3194,533
Myrtle Creek20033,5393,533
  1. Large fires mapped by the Monitoring Trends in Burn Severity program since 1984: 1,000 acres or more in the West, 500 or more in the East. Prescribed burns are excluded. Acres here are the part of each perimeter inside this place.

Monitoring Trends in Burn Severity (USGS and U.S. Forest Service), 1984 to 2026.

Smoke overhead

Smokiest year

2021: 46 days

Heavy smoke on 25 days in 2021, the most of any year.

Last 10 years

27.0 days a year

Medium or heavy smoke, 2016 to 2025.

2025

21 days

Medium or heavy smoke. 44 so far in 2026.

Days with medium or heavy smoke overhead, by year 2011: 4 2012: 11 2013: 10 2014: 14 2015: 26 2016: 2 2017: 27 2018: 34 2019: 10 2020: 17 2021: 46 46 2022: 32 2023: 43 2024: 38 2025: 21 201120122013201420152016201720182019202020212022202320242025
Days each year on which a satellite-traced plume of medium or heavy smoke covered the county’s population centre, 2011 to 2025.
  1. A smoke day is a date on which a smoke plume traced by NOAA Hazard Mapping System analysts from satellite imagery covered this place's point (the county's population centre or the city centre). Counts here are of medium or heavy smoke. Since 2018 analysts have often drawn light smoke as one area over most of the continent, so light-smoke counts are not comparable from year to year. The plumes show smoke anywhere in the air above, not air quality at the ground, and smoke hidden by cloud is missed.

NOAA Hazard Mapping System smoke analysis, 2011 to 2026, retrieved October 30, 2026.

Floods and flood insurance

3 federal flood insurance claims since 2002, with $8,395 paid.

Federal flood insurance claims by year
Claims per year since 2002. Years with fewer than five claims are not shown.

Flood events since 1996

  • Flood18
  • Flash Flood3
  • Heavy Rain2

This product uses the Federal Emergency Management Agency's OpenFEMA API, but is not endorsed by FEMA. The Federal Government or FEMA cannot vouch for the data or analyses derived from these data after the data have been retrieved from the Agency's website(s).

OpenFEMA NFIP Redacted Claims v3, refreshed August 4, 2026. NOAA Storm Events through 2026.

River crests

Most severe crest

May 29, 1961

Kootenai River at Bonners Ferry, 80.13 ft

16.13 feet above the 64.0 ft flood stage; major flooding by today’s categories.

Most recent moderate or major crest

May 21, 2002

Moyie River at Eastport, 10.46 ft

Moderate flooding.

Highest river crests above flood stage
May 29, 1961Kootenai River at Bonners Ferry80.13+16.13Major
May 14, 1956Kootenai River at Bonners Ferry80.10+16.10Major
May 21, 1954Kootenai River at Bonners Ferry78.55+14.55Major
May 28, 1948Kootenai River at Bonners Ferry78.32+14.32Major
Jun 1, 1894Kootenai River at Bonners Ferry77.20+13.20Moderate
Jun 22, 1950Kootenai River at Bonners Ferry76.98+12.98Moderate
Jun 11, 1967Kootenai River at Bonners Ferry76.04+12.04Moderate
Jun 7, 1959Kootenai River at Bonners Ferry75.69+11.69Moderate
Jun 18, 1933Kootenai River at Bonners Ferry74.98+10.98Moderate
Jun 10, 1964Kootenai River at Bonners Ferry74.94+10.94Moderate
May 13, 1951Kootenai River at Bonners Ferry74.86+10.86Moderate
Jun 15, 1955Kootenai River at Bonners Ferry74.80+10.80Moderate
May 27, 1938Kootenai River at Bonners Ferry74.44+10.44Moderate
May 11, 1947Kootenai River at Bonners Ferry74.31+10.31Moderate
May 30, 1971Kootenai River at Bonners Ferry73.84+9.84Moderate
May 14, 1949Kootenai River at Bonners Ferry73.84+9.84Moderate
May 30, 1946Kootenai River at Bonners Ferry73.41+9.41Moderate
Jun 15, 1953Kootenai River at Bonners Ferry73.21+9.21Moderate
Apr 29, 1934Kootenai River at Bonners Ferry73.04+9.04Moderate
May 25, 1928Kootenai River at Bonners Ferry72.78+8.78Moderate
May 26, 1958Kootenai River at Bonners Ferry72.68+8.68Moderate
May 27, 1942Kootenai River at Bonners Ferry72.00+8.00Moderate
May 8, 1957Kootenai River at Bonners Ferry71.81+7.81Moderate
May 23, 1932Kootenai River at Bonners Ferry70.06+6.06Moderate
May 20, 1954Moyie River at Eastport10.55+1.55Moderate

River gauges

River gauges and their highest listed crests
Kootenai River at Bonners Ferry64.080.13 ftMay 29, 19614
Moyie River at Eastport9.010.55 ftMay 20, 19540
  1. Crests are the highest and the recent crests the National Weather Service lists for each river gauge in the county that has a flood stage, not every flood. Flood categories use each gauge's current flood stages; crests from before levees, dams or channel changes may not be comparable. Crests measured on an old datum are left out of the rankings.

NOAA National Water Prediction Service gauge records, retrieved October 30, 2026.

Drought

In severe drought or worse for 141 of 1,581 months since 1895 (9%); the longest spell lasted 18 months.

141

Months in severe drought or worse since 1895

38

Months in extreme drought

9%

Share of all months, severe or worse

Lowest reading

December 1944

−5.25, extreme drought

Longest severe spell

18 months

August 1930 to January 1932.

Latest month

September 2026

−2.17, moderate drought

Last severe month: September 2025.

Months in severe drought or worse, by year 1895: 0 1896: 1 1897: 0 1898: 0 1899: 0 1900: 0 1901: 0 1902: 0 1903: 0 1904: 0 1905: 1 1906: 0 1907: 0 1908: 0 1909: 0 1910: 0 1911: 0 1912: 0 1913: 0 1914: 0 1915: 0 1916: 0 1917: 1 1918: 0 1919: 1 1920: 3 1921: 0 1922: 10 1923: 2 1924: 5 1925: 2 1926: 6 1927: 0 1928: 0 1929: 9 1930: 9 1931: 12 12 1932: 2 1933: 0 1934: 2 1935: 1 1936: 9 1937: 1 1938: 4 1939: 9 1940: 7 1941: 4 1942: 0 1943: 0 1944: 11 1945: 1 1946: 0 1947: 0 1948: 0 1949: 0 1950: 0 1951: 0 1952: 2 1953: 0 1954: 0 1955: 0 1956: 0 1957: 0 1958: 0 1959: 0 1960: 0 1961: 0 1962: 0 1963: 0 1964: 0 1965: 0 1966: 0 1967: 0 1968: 0 1969: 0 1970: 0 1971: 0 1972: 0 1973: 1 1974: 0 1975: 0 1976: 0 1977: 7 1978: 0 1979: 2 1980: 0 1981: 0 1982: 0 1983: 0 1984: 0 1985: 0 1986: 0 1987: 0 1988: 0 1989: 0 1990: 0 1991: 0 1992: 0 1993: 0 1994: 0 1995: 0 1996: 0 1997: 0 1998: 0 1999: 0 2000: 0 2001: 4 2002: 0 2003: 0 2004: 2 2005: 0 2006: 0 2007: 1 2008: 0 2009: 0 2010: 0 2011: 0 2012: 0 2013: 0 2014: 0 2015: 1 2016: 0 2017: 0 2018: 0 2019: 3 2020: 0 2021: 4 2022: 0 2023: 0 2024: 0 2025: 1 18951905191519251935194519551965197519851995200520152025
Months each year with a Palmer index of −3 or lower, 1895 to 2025. Twelve means the whole year.
  1. The Palmer Drought Severity Index is computed by NOAA each month from the county's average temperature and precipitation, relative to the county's own climate. Zero is normal; -3 or lower is severe drought and -4 or lower extreme drought. It describes the long-term balance of moisture, not water supply or crop losses.

NOAA NCEI nClimDiv county Palmer Drought Severity Index, 1895 to September 2026, issued October 6, 2026.

Earthquakes and landslides

2 earthquakes of magnitude 4 or more within 50 miles since 1900; the largest was magnitude 4.3 in 2006.

1

Magnitude 2.5+ inside the county since 1973

23

Magnitude 3+ within 50 miles since 1973

2

Magnitude 4+ within 50 miles since 1900

0

Magnitude 5+ within 50 miles since 1900

Largest within 50 miles

March 22, 2006

Magnitude 4.3

8 km SSW of Rexford, Montana; 40.4 miles away, 5.1 miles deep.

Most recent, magnitude 3 or more

September 17, 2026

Magnitude 3.6

38 km ENE of Nelson, Canada; 44.2 miles away.

Earthquakes of magnitude 3 or more within 50 miles, by year 1973: 0 1974: 0 1975: 0 1976: 0 1977: 0 1978: 0 1979: 0 1980: 0 1981: 0 1982: 0 1983: 1 1984: 1 1985: 1 1986: 0 1987: 0 1988: 1 1989: 0 1990: 1 1991: 2 1992: 0 1993: 0 1994: 0 1995: 0 1996: 1 1997: 1 1998: 0 1999: 0 2000: 1 2001: 0 2002: 0 2003: 1 2004: 0 2005: 0 2006: 1 2007: 0 2008: 0 2009: 0 2010: 0 2011: 0 2012: 2 2013: 0 2014: 0 2015: 5 5 2016: 0 2017: 1 2018: 0 2019: 0 2020: 1 2021: 0 2022: 0 2023: 0 2024: 0 2025: 0 19731978198319881993199820032008201320182023
Per year, 1973 to 2025.

Every earthquake of magnitude 4 or more within 50 miles

Earthquakes of magnitude 4 or more within 50 miles
Mar 22, 20064.340.45.18 km SSW of Rexford, Montana
Aug 6, 19854.029.13.132 km NNW of Creston, Canada
  1. Earthquakes of magnitude 2.5 or more in the USGS Comprehensive Catalog since 1900. Within 50 miles means the epicentre lies within 50 miles of the county boundary (or inside the county).
  2. Small earthquakes were under-recorded before the modern seismic networks of the 1970s and are still missed in remote areas, so early decades read low. Magnitudes are as the catalogue reports them and mix scales (moment, local and body-wave).

USGS ANSS Comprehensive Earthquake Catalog, 1900 to present, retrieved October 30, 2026.

Mapped landslides

42

Landslides mapped, probable or better

7

With a recorded date

3

Source inventories

Mapped by ID GS (32), NASA (7), USGS Conterminous (3).

  1. Landslides mapped in the USGS compilation of landslide inventories across the United States (version 3.0, 2025), rated probable or better. The compilation joins inventories made by federal and state agencies for different purposes and areas, so the number mapped in a county reflects how closely it has been surveyed as much as how often its slopes fail. An area with few records may simply not have been mapped. Deaths are as recorded in the inventories; a slide listed in two inventories is counted once.

USGS Landslide Inventories across the United States, version 3.0, retrieved October 27, 2026.

Severe weather and other events

691 events in the National Weather Service record, 688 of them since 1996.

5

Hail reports, 1 inch or larger

0

Hail, 2 inches or larger

16

Damaging gusts, 58 mph+

527

Winter weather events since 1996

1

Heat events since 1996

5

Cold events since 1996

Largest hail

April 23, 1998

1.75 inches

Strongest measured or estimated gust

August 12, 1989

75 mph

More event types since 1996

Other Storm Events types since 1996
Dense fog and smoke400Sep 12, 2020
Debris flows1500May 21, 2023
Avalanches234Mar 1, 2024

Costliest events since 1996

  1. Sep 1, 2025Wildfire, Northern Panhandle$17.8 million
    National Weather Service narrative

    Sunset Wildfire started on August 13 by unknown human cause. It was located 26 miles North of Coeur d'Alene. It burned 3183 acres of timber. Three structures were lost. It contained on September 2. Cost is estimated.

  2. Aug 13, 2025Wildfire, Northern Panhandle$17.8 million
    National Weather Service narrative

    Sunset Wildfire started on August 13 by unknown human cause. It was located 26 miles North of Coeur d'Alene. It burned 3183 acres of timber. Three structures were lost. It continued into September. Cost is estimated.

  3. Jul 8, 2026Wildfire, Northern Panhandle$15.0 million
    National Weather Service narrative

    Upper Smith Wildfire was discovered around 0729 PST on July 8. It was started by lightning. It is located 7 miles west of Copeland. It burned 4800 acres of timber. It continued through the end of July. Cost is estimated.

  4. Oct 1, 2022Wildfire, Northern Panhandle$15.0 million
    National Weather Service narrative

    The Kootenai River Complex consists of the Eneas Peak, Katka, Russell Mountain, Scotch Creek, and Trout Fires. They have combined to burn 25401 acres.

  5. Jun 30, 2023Wildfire, Northern Panhandle$9.2 million
    National Weather Service narrative

    Consalus fire started on June 30 by lightning. It continued through the end of the June. It has burned 475 acres of timber.

  6. Jul 1, 2023Wildfire, Northern Panhandle$9.2 million
    National Weather Service narrative

    Consalus fire started on June 30 by lightning. It continued through the month of July. It has burned 475 acres of timber.

  7. Aug 1, 2023Wildfire, Northern Panhandle$9.2 million
    National Weather Service narrative

    Consalus fire started on June 30 by lightning. It continued until August 30. It has burned 475 acres of timber.

  8. Aug 1, 2018Wildfire, Northern Panhandle$5.1 million
    National Weather Service narrative

    The Cougar Wildfire near Hope Idaho is believed to have been started by lightning on July 28th. The fire grew and eventually burned 7,866 acres of timber. No structures of homes were lost or threatened. The cost of the firefighting resources required to contain the fire was calculated at 5.1 million dollars.

  9. Aug 5, 2023Wildfire, Northern Panhandle$5.0 million
    National Weather Service narrative

    Buckskin 2 Wildfire was started by unknown causes near the upper end of Twin Creek and Buckskin Saddle. It burned 242 acres of Timber.

  10. Jun 1, 1997Flood, Northern Panhandle$4.0 million
    National Weather Service narrative

    Rivers and streams in Idaho's panhandle region began flooding in May from heavy spring snow melt. Flooding along several of these rivers continued well into the month of June, with the Pend Oreille, St. Joe and Kootenai Rivers flooding roads and a few homes. Total damage from the entire May through June flood event was estimated at 4 million dollars, with most of the serious property damage occurring in the month of May when the floods reached their peak.

  1. Storm Events records before 1996 cover only tornadoes, thunderstorm wind and hail. Damage figures are as reported by the National Weather Service at the time, not adjusted for inflation.

NOAA NCEI Storm Events Database, 1950 to 2026, issued October 26, 2026.

Weather records

From Bonners Ferry, 1.3 miles from the county’s population centre, with records from 1907.

All-time high
108°FJun 30, 2021
All-time low
−33°FDec 30, 1968
Warmest night
71°FJul 24, 2007
Coldest day
−10°FDec 30, 1968
Wettest day
2.80 inJan 27, 1999
Snowiest day
20.0 inDec 2, 2007
Hottest year
2025mean 51.2°F
Coldest year
1913mean 42.5°F
Wettest year
201234.44 in
Driest year
200810.58 in
Snowiest season
159.0 in1996-97
Average monthly high and low temperature and precipitation, last 30 years, Bonners Ferry 32°F 34° 23° 2.6 Jan 38° 23° 1.6 Feb 48° 29° 1.9 Mar 59° 34° 1.1 Apr 69° 43° 1.6 May 75° 49° 1.4 Jun 86° 54° 0.6 Jul 86° 53° 0.6 Aug 74° 45° 0.9 Sep 57° 36° 1.8 Oct 42° 29° 2.5 Nov 34° 24° 3.3 Dec Precipitation, inches
Average daily high and low by month, and average monthly precipitation, over the last 30 years.
Days reaching 95°F per year 1976: 0 1977: 9 1978: 2 1979: 8 1980: 2 1981: 6 1982: 0 1983: 0 1984: 5 1985: 11 1986: 4 1987: 5 1988: 8 1991: 0 1992: 9 1994: 15 1995: 0 1996: 0 1997: 1 1998: 7 1999: 4 2000: 3 2001: 8 2002: 2 2005: 5 2011: 2 2012: 1 2013: 4 2014: 10 2015: 13 2016: 6 2017: 11 2018: 7 2019: 3 2020: 9 2021: 23 23 2022: 12 2023: 11 2025: 20 1976198619992016
Days reaching 95°F each complete year, last 50 years. Thirty-year average: 7.4.
Snowfall by winter 1975: 59.4 in 1976: 18.7 in 1977: 82.1 in 1978: 42.0 in 1979: 77.4 in 1980: 35.3 in 1981: 68.5 in 1982: 51.2 in 1983: 36.1 in 1984: 98.6 in 1985: 63.2 in 1986: 38.6 in 1987: 31.9 in 1988: 63.7 in 1990: 54.3 in 1991: 31.9 in 1992: 72.7 in 1994: 56.8 in 1995: 58.5 in 1996: 159.0 in 159.0 1997: 29.8 in 1998: 36.7 in 1999: 56.2 in 2000: 53.3 in 2001: 57.0 in 2003: 30.5 in 2004: 26.5 in 2007: 98.3 in 2010: 76.6 in 2011: 50.7 in 2012: 45.5 in 2013: 50.4 in 2014: 17.6 in 2015: 30.4 in 2016: 86.1 in 2017: 61.0 in 2018: 60.9 in 2019: 36.6 in 2020: 20.4 in 2021: 80.5 in 2022: 68.6 in 2023: 46.1 in 2024: 32.3 in 19751985199720122022
Total snowfall each winter (July to June), last 50 winters.

Median first snow

November 13

Earliest: October 10, 1958

Median last snow

March 18

Latest: May 2, 1956

0 of 88 winters had no measurable snow.

Station Bonners Ferry (USC00101079), 2,001 ft elevation, 1.3 miles from the population centre. Daily records from 1907 to September 16, 2026; 89.8% of days in the last 30 years are complete. Records at a single station can differ from a city’s official threaded record, which may combine several stations.

NOAA NCEI Global Historical Climatology Network Daily.

Federal disaster declarations

12 since 1953. The most recent: Straight-Line Winds, April 7, 2026.

Federal disaster declarations
Apr 7, 2026Straight-Line WindsStraight-Line WindsMajor disasterDR-4905-ID
Apr 9, 2020BiologicalCovid-19 PandemicMajor disasterDR-4534-ID
Mar 13, 2020BiologicalCovid-19EmergencyEM-3467-ID
May 18, 2017FloodSevere Storms, Flooding, Landslides, and MudslidesMajor disasterDR-4313-ID
Dec 23, 2015Severe StormSevere Storm and Straight-Line WindMajor disasterDR-4246-ID
Sep 13, 2005HurricaneHurricane KatrinaEmergencyEM-3244-ID
Jun 13, 1997Severe StormSevere Storms, Snowmelt, Land/Mud Slides, FloodingMajor disasterDR-1177-ID
Jan 4, 1997Severe StormSevere Storms, Flooding, Mud and LandslidesMajor disasterDR-1154-ID
Feb 11, 1996Severe StormSevere Storms and FloodingMajor disasterDR-1102-ID
May 22, 1980Volcanic EruptionVolcanic Eruption, Mt. St. HelensMajor disasterDR-624-ID
Jan 25, 1974FloodSevere Storms, Snowmelt & FloodingMajor disasterDR-415-ID
Aug 30, 1967FireForest FiresMajor disasterDR-231-ID

This product uses the Federal Emergency Management Agency's OpenFEMA API, but is not endorsed by FEMA. The Federal Government or FEMA cannot vouch for the data or analyses derived from these data after the data have been retrieved from the Agency's website(s).

OpenFEMA Disaster Declarations Summaries, retrieved October 30, 2026. Statewide declarations are not listed.

How this compares

Where Boundary County stands among 44 counties in Idaho and 3,143 in the United States.

Ranks
Tornadoes since 1950137 / 442,949 / 3,143
Tornadoes rated F3/EF3 or stronger0——
Tropical cyclones within 50 mi0——
Hurricane-strength passes within 50 mi0——
Wildfire acres since 198440,58634 / 44504 / 3,143
Flood insurance claims329 / 442,656 / 3,143
Flood insurance paid$8,39531 / 442,723 / 3,143
Disaster declarations129 / 442,631 / 3,143
Flood events since 19962320 / 442,374 / 3,143
Hail and wind events since 19968126 / 442,876 / 3,143
Winter storm events since 19965272 / 4443 / 3,143
Reported damage since 1996$138 million3 / 44399 / 3,143
River crests at major flood stage47 / 44981 / 3,143
High tide flooding days a year, last 10 years0.0——
Months in severe drought since 189514137 / 441,162 / 3,143
Medium or heavy smoke days a year, last 10 years27.08 / 44423 / 3,143
Earthquakes M4+ within 50 mi since 1900236 / 441,151 / 3,143
Earthquakes M2.5+ in the county since 1973129 / 44826 / 3,143

Neighbouring counties

Neighbouring counties
Bonner County4029,51840
Lincoln County MT00240,14939
Pend Oreille County WA1039,44199

Sources and vintage

Every number on this page comes from these public records.

  • Tornadoes NOAA Storm Prediction Center severe weather database, through 2025.
  • Tropical cyclones NOAA National Hurricane Center HURDAT2 (Atlantic; Northeast and Central Pacific), through 2025.
  • Wildfire USGS/USFS Monitoring Trends in Burn Severity, through 2026.
  • Storm events NOAA NCEI Storm Events Database, through 2026.
  • Flood insurance OpenFEMA NFIP Redacted Claims v3, refreshed August 4, 2026.
  • Declarations OpenFEMA Disaster Declarations Summaries v2, retrieved October 30, 2026.
  • Weather records NOAA NCEI Global Historical Climatology Network Daily, station USC00101079.
  • River crests NOAA National Weather Service, National Water Prediction Service river gauges, retrieved October 30, 2026.
  • Drought NOAA NCEI nClimDiv county Palmer Drought Severity Index, through September 2026.
  • Smoke NOAA NESDIS Hazard Mapping System smoke analysis, retrieved October 30, 2026.
  • Landslides USGS Landslide Inventories across the United States, version 3.0 (2025).
  • Earthquakes USGS ANSS Comprehensive Earthquake Catalog (ComCat), retrieved October 30, 2026.

Joins, thresholds and known limits are set out in the methodology. Found an error? Report it. Page built November 1, 2026.