DeKalb County

Population 44,535 (2025) 363 sq mi

DeKalb County has recorded 13 tornadoes since 1950, 77th most of 92 counties in Indiana; the most recent was on October 24, 2001.

Hazard fingerprint for DeKalb County Tornado: 47th percentile. Tropical: 0th percentile. Wildfire: 0th percentile. Flood: 17th percentile. Hail & wind: 47th percentile. Heat: 0th percentile. Cold: 28th percentile. Winter: 61th percentile. TORTROPFIREFLOODSEVEREHEATCOLDWINTER

Hazard fingerprint Each spoke is this county’s percentile among U.S. counties where that hazard occurs. How it is computed

2026
  • Tornado damage paths since 195013
  • Major flood years since 19781

At a glance

The record for DeKalb County in eight numbers. Each links to its section below.

Tornadoes since 1950

13

77th of 92 in Indiana

Fewer than the typical Indiana county, which has had 23

Details

Flood insurance claims

67

50th of 92 in Indiana

$1.5 million paid since 1978

Details

Strongest tornado

F2

October 24, 2001, 12.5 mile path

Largest earthquake within 50 mi

4.6magnitude

August 9, 1947, 29.3 miles away

Details

Federal disaster declarations

15

Most recent: Severe Winter Storm, 2026

Details

Record high

102°F

June 28, 2012

Details

Record low

−26°F

January 31, 2019

Details

Snowiest season

75.3in

Winter of 2013-14

Tornadoes

About one every 5.8 years since 1950, none rated F3/EF3 or stronger.

Strongest

October 24, 2001

F2, 12.5 mile path

440 yards wide.

Most recent

Wednesday, October 24, 2001

F2, 12.5 mile path

25 years ago.

Tornadoes by decade Doppler radar era² 1950s: 0 1960s: 2 2 1970s: 2 2 1980s: 0 1990s: 3 3 2000s: 6 6 2010s: 0 2020s: 0 1950s1960s1970s1980s1990s2000s2010s2020s
Recorded tornadoes per decade. The 2020s are incomplete.
Tornadoes by month J: 0 F: 0 M: 0 A: 2 M: 3 J: 4 4 J: 3 A: 0 S: 0 O: 1 N: 0 D: 0 JFMAMJJASOND
By month of occurrence, all years.

Every recorded tornado

Tornadoes in DeKalb County since 1950
Oct 24, 2001F212.544000
May 26, 2001F00.11000
Jul 9, 2000F00.15000
Jul 9, 2000F10.13000
Jun 14, 2000F11.025000
Jun 14, 2000F23.040000
May 31, 1998F00.13000
May 31, 1998F00.13000
Jul 14, 1992F28.0150280
Jun 4, 1973F00.12000
Jun 3, 1973F11.02010
Apr 21, 1969F00.11000
Apr 14, 1968F10.11000
  1. Injuries and deaths are for the tornado’s whole path, which may extend beyond the county. Deaths recorded within DeKalb County: 0.
  2. Weak tornadoes were under-recorded before Doppler radar coverage became national in the early 1990s, so earlier decades read low. Ratings use the Fujita scale before February 2007 and the Enhanced Fujita scale after.

Storm Prediction Center severe weather database, 1950 to 2025.

Hurricanes and tropical storms

No tropical storm or hurricane has tracked within 100 miles since records began in 1851.

Wildfire and smoke

No large wildfire has been mapped here since satellite mapping began in 1984.

Smoke overhead

Smokiest year

2023: 66 days

Heavy smoke on 14 days in 2023, the most of any year.

Last 10 years

20.7 days a year

Medium or heavy smoke, 2016 to 2025.

2025

16 days

Medium or heavy smoke. 38 so far in 2026.

Days with medium or heavy smoke overhead, by year 2011: 5 2012: 8 2013: 6 2014: 14 2015: 11 2016: 3 2017: 3 2018: 12 2019: 10 2020: 13 2021: 46 2022: 13 2023: 66 66 2024: 25 2025: 16 201120122013201420152016201720182019202020212022202320242025
Days each year on which a satellite-traced plume of medium or heavy smoke covered the county’s population centre, 2011 to 2025.
  1. A smoke day is a date on which a smoke plume traced by NOAA Hazard Mapping System analysts from satellite imagery covered this place's point (the county's population centre or the city centre). Counts here are of medium or heavy smoke. Since 2018 analysts have often drawn light smoke as one area over most of the continent, so light-smoke counts are not comparable from year to year. The plumes show smoke anywhere in the air above, not air quality at the ground, and smoke hidden by cloud is missed.

NOAA Hazard Mapping System smoke analysis, 2011 to 2026, retrieved October 30, 2026.

Floods and flood insurance

67 federal flood insurance claims since 1978, with $1.5 million paid.

Federal flood insurance claims by year 1982: 11 1985: 7 2008: 8 2009: 29 29 1982
Claims per year since 1978. Years with fewer than five claims are not shown.

Most claims in one year

2009: 29 claims

$1.1 million paid.

2nd most

1982: 11 claims

$134,000 paid.

3rd most

2008: 8 claims

$184,000 paid.

Claims by ZIP code

Flood insurance claims by ZIP code
4670652$1.3 million
467389$182,000

Flood events since 1996

  • Flash Flood4
  • Flood4

1 death recorded in flood events since 1996.

This product uses the Federal Emergency Management Agency's OpenFEMA API, but is not endorsed by FEMA. The Federal Government or FEMA cannot vouch for the data or analyses derived from these data after the data have been retrieved from the Agency's website(s).

OpenFEMA NFIP Redacted Claims v3, refreshed August 4, 2026. NOAA Storm Events through 2026.

River crests

Most severe crest

March 11, 2009

Cedar Creek (IN) at 18th Street Auburn, 12.30 ft

3.30 feet above the 9.0 ft flood stage; major flooding by today’s categories.

Most recent moderate or major crest

April 19, 2013

Cedar Creek (IN) at 18th Street Auburn, 10.08 ft

Moderate flooding.

Highest river crests above flood stage
Mar 11, 2009Cedar Creek (IN) at 18th Street Auburn12.30+3.30Major
Feb 6, 2008Cedar Creek (IN) at 18th Street Auburn11.25+2.25Moderate
Nov 30, 2011Cedar Creek (IN) at 18th Street Auburn10.09+1.09Moderate
Apr 19, 2013Cedar Creek (IN) at 18th Street Auburn10.08+1.08Moderate
Jun 28, 2015Cedar Creek (IN) at 18th Street Auburn9.96+0.96Minor
May 22, 2010Cedar Creek (IN) at 18th Street Auburn9.42+0.42Minor
Feb 21, 2018Cedar Creek (IN) at 18th Street Auburn9.39+0.39Minor
Jan 13, 2005Cedar Creek (IN) at 18th Street Auburn9.34+0.34Minor
Apr 4, 2014Cedar Creek (IN) at 18th Street Auburn9.18+0.18Minor
May 1, 2019Cedar Creek (IN) at 18th Street Auburn8.92−0.08Action
May 26, 2011Cedar Creek (IN) at 18th Street Auburn8.58−0.42Action
Jun 12, 2004Cedar Creek (IN) at 18th Street Auburn8.55−0.45Action
Dec 1, 2006Cedar Creek (IN) at 18th Street Auburn8.40−0.60Action
May 10, 2003Cedar Creek (IN) at 18th Street Auburn8.23−0.77Action
Jan 11, 2020Cedar Creek (IN) at 18th Street Auburn7.96−1.04Action
Oct 16, 2001Cedar Creek (IN) at 18th Street Auburn7.90−1.10Action
Dec 23, 2007Cedar Creek (IN) at 18th Street Auburn7.76−1.24Action
Mar 13, 2006Cedar Creek (IN) at 18th Street Auburn7.54−1.46Action
Nov 6, 2017Cedar Creek (IN) at 18th Street Auburn6.96−2.04Action
Dec 26, 2016Cedar Creek (IN) at 18th Street Auburn6.26−2.74Action
Jan 17, 2012Cedar Creek (IN) at 18th Street Auburn6.20−2.80Action

River gauges

River gauges and their highest listed crests
Cedar Creek (IN) at 18th Street Auburn9.012.30 ftMar 11, 20091
  1. Crests are the highest and the recent crests the National Weather Service lists for each river gauge in the county that has a flood stage, not every flood. Flood categories use each gauge's current flood stages; crests from before levees, dams or channel changes may not be comparable. Crests measured on an old datum are left out of the rankings.

NOAA National Water Prediction Service gauge records, retrieved October 30, 2026.

Drought

In severe drought or worse for 119 of 1,581 months since 1895 (8%); the longest spell lasted 17 months.

119

Months in severe drought or worse since 1895

59

Months in extreme drought

8%

Share of all months, severe or worse

Lowest reading

April 1931

−6.53, extreme drought

Longest severe spell

17 months

August 1930 to December 1931.

Latest month

September 2026

−0.80, incipient dry spell

Last severe month: March 2026.

Months in severe drought or worse, by year 1895: 5 1896: 0 1897: 0 1898: 0 1899: 0 1900: 0 1901: 0 1902: 0 1903: 0 1904: 0 1905: 0 1906: 0 1907: 0 1908: 2 1909: 1 1910: 0 1911: 0 1912: 0 1913: 0 1914: 0 1915: 0 1916: 0 1917: 0 1918: 0 1919: 0 1920: 0 1921: 0 1922: 0 1923: 0 1924: 0 1925: 0 1926: 0 1927: 0 1928: 0 1929: 0 1930: 5 1931: 12 12 1932: 3 1933: 0 1934: 7 1935: 7 1936: 3 1937: 0 1938: 0 1939: 0 1940: 0 1941: 3 1942: 0 1943: 0 1944: 1 1945: 2 1946: 0 1947: 0 1948: 0 1949: 0 1950: 0 1951: 0 1952: 0 1953: 7 1954: 2 1955: 0 1956: 1 1957: 3 1958: 0 1959: 0 1960: 0 1961: 2 1962: 0 1963: 9 1964: 12 1965: 0 1966: 0 1967: 0 1968: 0 1969: 0 1970: 0 1971: 0 1972: 0 1973: 0 1974: 0 1975: 0 1976: 0 1977: 0 1978: 0 1979: 0 1980: 0 1981: 0 1982: 0 1983: 0 1984: 0 1985: 0 1986: 0 1987: 0 1988: 2 1989: 0 1990: 0 1991: 0 1992: 0 1993: 0 1994: 0 1995: 0 1996: 0 1997: 0 1998: 0 1999: 1 2000: 4 2001: 0 2002: 1 2003: 4 2004: 0 2005: 0 2006: 0 2007: 0 2008: 0 2009: 0 2010: 0 2011: 1 2012: 8 2013: 3 2014: 0 2015: 0 2016: 0 2017: 0 2018: 0 2019: 0 2020: 0 2021: 3 2022: 0 2023: 0 2024: 0 2025: 2 18951905191519251935194519551965197519851995200520152025
Months each year with a Palmer index of −3 or lower, 1895 to 2025. Twelve means the whole year.
  1. The Palmer Drought Severity Index is computed by NOAA each month from the county's average temperature and precipitation, relative to the county's own climate. Zero is normal; -3 or lower is severe drought and -4 or lower extreme drought. It describes the long-term balance of moisture, not water supply or crop losses.

NOAA NCEI nClimDiv county Palmer Drought Severity Index, 1895 to September 2026, issued October 6, 2026.

Earthquakes

1 earthquake of magnitude 4 or more within 50 miles since 1900; the largest was magnitude 4.6 in 1947.

0

Magnitude 2.5+ inside the county since 1973

3

Magnitude 3+ within 50 miles since 1973

1

Magnitude 4+ within 50 miles since 1900

0

Magnitude 5+ within 50 miles since 1900

Largest within 50 miles

August 9, 1947

Magnitude 4.6

Near Coldwater, Michigan; 29.3 miles away, 1.2 miles deep.

Most recent, magnitude 3 or more

June 30, 2015

Magnitude 3.3

5 km NNE of Burlington, Michigan; 43.5 miles away.

Earthquakes of magnitude 3 or more within 50 miles, by year 1973: 0 1974: 0 1975: 0 1976: 0 1977: 1 1 1978: 0 1979: 0 1980: 0 1981: 0 1982: 0 1983: 0 1984: 0 1985: 0 1986: 0 1987: 0 1988: 0 1989: 0 1990: 0 1991: 0 1992: 0 1993: 0 1994: 0 1995: 0 1996: 0 1997: 0 1998: 0 1999: 0 2000: 0 2001: 0 2002: 0 2003: 0 2004: 0 2005: 0 2006: 0 2007: 0 2008: 0 2009: 0 2010: 0 2011: 0 2012: 1 2013: 0 2014: 0 2015: 1 2016: 0 2017: 0 2018: 0 2019: 0 2020: 0 2021: 0 2022: 0 2023: 0 2024: 0 2025: 0 19731978198319881993199820032008201320182023
Per year, 1973 to 2025.

Every earthquake of magnitude 4 or more within 50 miles

Earthquakes of magnitude 4 or more within 50 miles
Aug 9, 19474.629.31.2Near Coldwater, Michigan
  1. Earthquakes of magnitude 2.5 or more in the USGS Comprehensive Catalog since 1900. Within 50 miles means the epicentre lies within 50 miles of the county boundary (or inside the county).
  2. Small earthquakes were under-recorded before the modern seismic networks of the 1970s and are still missed in remote areas, so early decades read low. Magnitudes are as the catalogue reports them and mix scales (moment, local and body-wave).

USGS ANSS Comprehensive Earthquake Catalog, 1900 to present, retrieved October 30, 2026.

Severe weather and other events

302 events in the National Weather Service record, 255 of them since 1996.

34

Hail reports, 1 inch or larger

4

Hail, 2 inches or larger

77

Damaging gusts, 58 mph+

85

Winter weather events since 1996

0

Heat events since 1996

5

Cold events since 1996

Largest hail

May 7, 2024

3.50 inches

Strongest measured or estimated gust

August 22, 2001

86 mph

More event types since 1996

Other Storm Events types since 1996
Lightning100Mar 19, 2025
Dense fog and smoke100Jan 12, 2005

Costliest events since 1996

  1. Oct 24, 2001Tornado$1.0 million
    National Weather Service narrative

    On Wednesday 10/24/01 a surface low pressure system tracked rapidly northeast from the mid Mississippi Valley to northern Lake Michigan and deepened significantly. The accompanying cold front surged east from the Mississippi Valley during the afternoon to southeast Michigan and western Ohio in the evening. The deepening surface low was the result of a negatively tilted upper level trough approaching the Mississippi Valley. The air mass ahead of the cold front was quite unstable with lifted indices around -5C and surface dewpoints of 65-70F. Strong veering wind fields were over the area with 20-30kt S-SSE flow at the surface veering rapidly in the low levels to southwest at 45kts,…

  2. Nov 6, 2005Thunderstorm Wind$750,000
    National Weather Service narrative

    4 houses suffered extensive damage in the city of Auburn. Numerous trees, tree limbs, power lines and poles were also blown down. A shed and other building suffered varying degrees of damage. A truck was blown over onto its side. A local resident reported a 2 by 6 stud was driven into the ground. An officer on his way to work reported a large piece of metal being wrapped around a tree on county road 427. Surveys from local emergency and NWS officials found evidence of the formation of gustnadoes where concentrated areas of damage were observed.

  3. Aug 29, 2022Thunderstorm Wind$300,000
    National Weather Service narrative

    The Auburn-Garrett drive-in theatre outdoor movie screen suffered extensive damage with half of the panels being ripped off the screen and some supports bent or removed. Damage was estimated at $300,000.

  4. Jun 14, 2000Tornado$300,000
    National Weather Service narrative

    Once the previous tornado lifted up into the clouds, the thunderstorm cell moved northeast when this second tornado touched down and followed a skipping path near CR 60. The tornado reached the ground about 3 times. The tornado touched down first in a forested area and knocked down many trees. It then lifted and dropped down again in a residential area about a quarter mile away. There was much damage to houses and barns. A window was broken and a downspout torn off of a house. A satellite dish was twisted and bent while a television antenna was knocked off of a roof. Several trees were snapped and knocked onto power lines before the tornado lifted. It touched down a third time…

  5. Sep 11, 2000Flood, De Kalb$250,000
    National Weather Service narrative

    Widespread street and basement flooding. Between 4 and 5 inches of rainfall was reported in town. Several people were rescued from stranded vehicles in flood waters.

  6. May 7, 2024Hail$200,000
    National Weather Service narrative

    Hail damage in Corunna, cars, siding, and roofs damaged from 3 inch hail stones.

  7. Jun 14, 2000Tornado$200,000
    National Weather Service narrative

    The tornado touched down on CR 64, one half mile west of Indian Springs Camp Ground. Trees and power lines were knocked down and many were snapped and uprooted. Extensive roof damage occurred to houses in the area. A barn was damaged with much of its roof torn off and outbuildings were either damaged or destroyed. The tornado then lifted back into its parent cloud.

  8. Jan 8, 2008Flood$150,000
    National Weather Service narrative

    At least 6 roads were temporarily closed, with many others posted with high water signs, as ditches overflowed and low areas filled. A senior care center was threatened by flood waters coming out of a overflown retention pond. Sandbags were placed to help, but luckily no evacuations were needed. No exact damage figure were available, but are estimated at around $150,000.

  9. Jan 12, 2005Dense Fog, De Kalb$100,000
    National Weather Service narrative

    Widespread dense fog developed across much of Northern Indiana during the morning hours. Visibility was reported to be at or near zero in many locations. Numerous accidents were reported as a result of the fog. The fog was indirectly responsible for a total of 2 deaths and at least 11 injuries. A 32 vehicle pile-up occurred on the Indiana Toll Road, 4 miles east of State Route 9 near the Indiana/Michigan state line at approximately 11 am EST. A 27 year old male was killed when the car he was traveling in as a passenger was crushed between 2 semi's involved in the pile up. 8 other injuries were reported in this pile up. 2 ambulances were also involved in the pile up when they were…

  10. Jul 16, 2024Thunderstorm Wind$75,000
    National Weather Service narrative

    State police report a semi truck driver was injured when a tree fell onto the cab of the truck.

  1. Storm Events records before 1996 cover only tornadoes, thunderstorm wind and hail. Damage figures are as reported by the National Weather Service at the time, not adjusted for inflation.

NOAA NCEI Storm Events Database, 1950 to 2026, issued October 26, 2026.

Weather records

From Garrett 1 S, 5.2 miles from the county’s population centre, with records from 1989.

All-time high
102°FJun 28, 2012
All-time low
−26°FJan 31, 2019
Warmest night
80°FJun 16, 2022
Coldest day
−5°FJan 19, 1994
Wettest day
4.73 inSep 12, 2000
Snowiest day
8.7 inFeb 2, 2011
Hottest year
1998mean 53.5°F
Coldest year
2014mean 45.7°F
Wettest year
199055.99 in
Driest year
201226.23 in
Snowiest season
75.3 in2013-14
Average monthly high and low temperature and precipitation, last 30 years, Garrett 1 S 32°F 32° 18° 2.4 Jan 37° 20° 2.4 Feb 49° 29° 2.9 Mar 62° 38° 3.9 Apr 72° 49° 4.8 May 80° 59° 3.9 Jun 83° 62° 3.8 Jul 81° 60° 3.8 Aug 76° 53° 3.0 Sep 64° 42° 3.1 Oct 50° 32° 2.7 Nov 38° 24° 2.7 Dec Precipitation, inches
Average daily high and low by month, and average monthly precipitation, over the last 30 years.
Nights at or below freezing per year 1989: 123 1990: 121 1991: 122 1992: 114 1993: 137 1994: 125 1995: 133 1996: 139 1997: 138 1998: 106 1999: 124 2000: 127 2001: 123 2002: 137 2003: 131 2004: 109 2005: 125 2006: 105 2007: 126 2009: 121 2010: 138 2011: 122 2012: 128 2013: 146 2014: 145 2015: 124 2016: 120 2017: 117 2018: 157 157 2019: 139 2021: 129 2022: 130 2023: 117 2024: 110 2025: 126 1989199920102021
Nights at or below freezing each complete year, last 50 years. Thirty-year average: 127.1.
Snowfall by winter 1989: 26.8 in 1990: 32.9 in 1991: 29.7 in 1992: 52.8 in 1993: 48.6 in 1994: 17.5 in 1995: 35.4 in 1996: 48.0 in 1997: 24.5 in 1998: 43.0 in 1999: 23.9 in 2000: 41.1 in 2001: 20.1 in 2002: 42.4 in 2003: 30.1 in 2004: 50.9 in 2005: 25.8 in 2006: 29.2 in 2007: 54.3 in 2008: 32.9 in 2009: 35.1 in 2010: 53.2 in 2011: 31.9 in 2012: 22.3 in 2013: 75.3 in 75.3 2014: 33.1 in 2015: 24.9 in 2016: 21.5 in 2017: 30.0 in 2018: 30.9 in 2019: 34.7 in 2020: 39.3 in 2021: 26.9 in 2022: 24.9 in 2023: 14.1 in 2024: 16.8 in 2025: 48.0 in 1989199920092019
Total snowfall each winter (July to June), last 50 winters.

Median first snow

November 16

Earliest: October 12, 2006

Median last snow

April 2

Latest: May 9, 2021

0 of 37 winters had no measurable snow.

Station Garrett 1 S (USC00123207), 870 ft elevation, 5.2 miles from the population centre. Daily records from 1989 to September 29, 2026; 98.0% of days in the last 30 years are complete. Records at a single station can differ from a city’s official threaded record, which may combine several stations.

NOAA NCEI Global Historical Climatology Network Daily.

Federal disaster declarations

15 since 1953. The most recent: Severe Winter Storm, January 24, 2026.

Federal disaster declarations
Jan 24, 2026Winter StormSevere Winter StormEmergencyEM-3641-IN
Apr 3, 2020BiologicalCovid-19 PandemicMajor disasterDR-4515-IN
Mar 13, 2020BiologicalCovid-19EmergencyEM-3456-IN
Apr 22, 2009Severe StormSevere Storms, Tornadoes, and FloodingMajor disasterDR-1832-IN
Jan 30, 2008Severe StormSevere Storms and FloodingMajor disasterDR-1740-IN
Mar 12, 2007SnowstormSnowEmergencyEM-3274-IN
Sep 10, 2005HurricaneHurricane Katrina EvacuationEmergencyEM-3238-IN
Jan 21, 2005Severe StormSevere Winter Storms and FloodingMajor disasterDR-1573-IN
Jun 3, 2004Severe StormSevere Storms, Tornadoes, and FloodingMajor disasterDR-1520-IN
Jan 24, 2001SnowstormSnowEmergencyEM-3162-IN
Jan 15, 1999SnowstormIn-Winter Storm 12/23/98EmergencyEM-3135-IN
Jul 3, 1996Severe StormSevere Storms and FloodingMajor disasterDR-1125-IN
Sep 18, 1992Severe StormSevere Storms, Tornadoes & FloodingMajor disasterDR-962-IN
Jan 5, 1991FloodSevere Storms & FloodingMajor disasterDR-891-IN
Mar 20, 1982FloodSevere Storms & FloodingMajor disasterDR-652-IN

This product uses the Federal Emergency Management Agency's OpenFEMA API, but is not endorsed by FEMA. The Federal Government or FEMA cannot vouch for the data or analyses derived from these data after the data have been retrieved from the Agency's website(s).

OpenFEMA Disaster Declarations Summaries, retrieved October 30, 2026. Statewide declarations are not listed.

How this compares

Where DeKalb County stands among 92 counties in Indiana and 3,143 in the United States.

Ranks
Tornadoes since 19501377 / 922,001 / 3,143
Tornadoes rated F3/EF3 or stronger0——
Tropical cyclones within 50 mi0——
Hurricane-strength passes within 50 mi0——
Wildfire acres since 19840——
Flood insurance claims6750 / 921,484 / 3,143
Flood insurance paid$1.5 million39 / 921,283 / 3,143
Disaster declarations1577 / 922,305 / 3,143
Flood events since 1996887 / 922,967 / 3,143
Hail and wind events since 199614873 / 922,393 / 3,143
Winter storm events since 19968525 / 921,179 / 3,143
Reported damage since 1996$3.7 million77 / 922,516 / 3,143
River crests at major flood stage156 / 921,446 / 3,143
High tide flooding days a year, last 10 years0.0——
Months in severe drought since 189511978 / 921,773 / 3,143
Medium or heavy smoke days a year, last 10 years20.723 / 92967 / 3,143
Earthquakes M4+ within 50 mi since 1900137 / 921,397 / 3,143
Earthquakes M2.5+ in the county since 19730——

Neighbouring counties

Neighbouring counties
Allen County32001,673
Defiance County OH1200330
LaGrange County140045
Noble County1500226
Steuben County210055
Williams County OH90032

Sources and vintage

Every number on this page comes from these public records.

  • Tornadoes NOAA Storm Prediction Center severe weather database, through 2025.
  • Tropical cyclones NOAA National Hurricane Center HURDAT2 (Atlantic; Northeast and Central Pacific), through 2025.
  • Wildfire USGS/USFS Monitoring Trends in Burn Severity, through 2026.
  • Storm events NOAA NCEI Storm Events Database, through 2026.
  • Flood insurance OpenFEMA NFIP Redacted Claims v3, refreshed August 4, 2026.
  • Declarations OpenFEMA Disaster Declarations Summaries v2, retrieved October 30, 2026.
  • Weather records NOAA NCEI Global Historical Climatology Network Daily, station USC00123207.
  • River crests NOAA National Weather Service, National Water Prediction Service river gauges, retrieved October 30, 2026.
  • Drought NOAA NCEI nClimDiv county Palmer Drought Severity Index, through September 2026.
  • Smoke NOAA NESDIS Hazard Mapping System smoke analysis, retrieved October 30, 2026.
  • Earthquakes USGS ANSS Comprehensive Earthquake Catalog (ComCat), retrieved October 30, 2026.

Joins, thresholds and known limits are set out in the methodology. Found an error? Report it. Page built October 30, 2026.