Clinton County

Population 80,432 (2025) 567 sq mi

Clinton County has recorded 19 tornadoes since 1950, 28th most of 83 counties in Michigan; the most recent was on September 1, 2018.

Hazard fingerprint for Clinton County Tornado: 43th percentile. Tropical: 0th percentile. Wildfire: 0th percentile. Flood: 17th percentile. Hail & wind: 27th percentile. Heat: 4th percentile. Cold: 0th percentile. Winter: 42th percentile. TORTROPFIREFLOODSEVEREHEATCOLDWINTER

Hazard fingerprint Each spoke is this county’s percentile among U.S. counties where that hazard occurs. How it is computed

2026
  • Tornado damage paths since 195019
  • Tropical cyclone tracks within 100 miles since 1851, wider where stronger1

At a glance

The record for Clinton County in eight numbers. Each links to its section below.

Tornadoes since 1950

19

28th of 83 in Michigan

46% more than the typical Michigan county

Details

Flood insurance claims

29

44th of 83 in Michigan

$497,000 paid since 1981

Details

Tropical cyclones within 100 mi

1

None within 50 miles since 1851

Details

Strongest tornado

F4

April 11, 1965, 21.0 mile path

Federal disaster declarations

10

Most recent: Covid-19 Pandemic, 2020

Details

Record high

103°F

July 6, 2012

Details

Record low

−29°F

January 4, 1981

Details

Snowiest season

88.8in

Winter of 1951-52

Tornadoes

About one every 4 years since 1950, 2 of them rated F3/EF3 or stronger.

Strongest

April 11, 1965

F4, 21.0 mile path

100 yards wide; 1 killed along the whole path.

Most recent

Saturday, September 1, 2018

EF0, 4.0 mile path

8 years ago.

Tornadoes by decade Doppler radar era² 1950s: 3 3 1960s: 3 3 1970s: 5 5 1980s: 4 4 1990s: 0 2000s: 2 2 2010s: 2 2 2020s: 0 1950s1960s1970s1980s1990s2000s2010s2020s
Recorded tornadoes per decade. The 2020s are incomplete.
Tornadoes by month J: 0 F: 0 M: 1 A: 4 4 M: 4 J: 1 J: 2 A: 4 S: 3 O: 0 N: 0 D: 0 JFMAMJJASOND
By month of occurrence, all years.

Every recorded tornado

Tornadoes in Clinton County since 1950
Sep 1, 2018EF04.010000
Jul 6, 2014EF01.68000
May 14, 2004F03.57500
May 21, 2001F14.55000
Jul 10, 1987F01.01310
Aug 30, 1984F22.52700
Aug 9, 1984F00.11000
Apr 19, 1980F10.11000
Aug 23, 1979F10.55000
Sep 17, 1977F10.51000
Apr 2, 1977F23.322360
Mar 28, 1977F22.010000
Jun 18, 1976F10.13000
Sep 21, 1967F10.11700
Apr 21, 1967F412.05080
Apr 11, 1965F421.010081
May 12, 1956F210.71030
May 28, 1955F10.11000
Aug 15, 1951F228.533300
  1. Injuries and deaths are for the tornado’s whole path, which may extend beyond the county. Deaths recorded within Clinton County: 1.
  2. Weak tornadoes were under-recorded before Doppler radar coverage became national in the early 1990s, so earlier decades read low. Ratings use the Fujita scale before February 2007 and the Enhanced Fujita scale after.

Storm Prediction Center severe weather database, 1950 to 2025.

Hurricanes and tropical storms

1 tropical cyclone passed within 100 miles since 1851, none within 50.

Most recent

September 14, 2008

Ike, Post-tropical

58.8 miles at closest approach.

Every storm within 100 miles

Tropical cyclones within 100 miles
Ike200858.8Post-tropical58Category 4
Connie195599.3Tropical storm44Category 4
Unnamed19418.1Post-tropical49Category 3
Unnamed193218.6Post-tropical48Category 1
Unnamed19230.0Post-tropical40Tropical storm
Unnamed190011.3Post-tropical62Category 4
Unnamed189280.5Post-tropical58Tropical storm
  1. Tropical storms and hurricanes (34 kt or more, still tropical) at closest approach. Post-tropical remnants with gale-force winds are listed but not counted. Direct: track within 50 miles; near: within 100 miles. Distance is measured to the county boundary for counties and to the city centre for cities, using positions interpolated hourly between HURDAT2 fixes.

National Hurricane Center HURDAT2, 1851 to 2025.

Wildfire and smoke

No large wildfire has been mapped here since satellite mapping began in 1984.

Smoke overhead

Smokiest year

2023: 80 days

Heavy smoke on 19 days in 2023, the most of any year.

Last 10 years

24.5 days a year

Medium or heavy smoke, 2016 to 2025.

2025

27 days

Medium or heavy smoke. 37 so far in 2026.

Days with medium or heavy smoke overhead, by year 2011: 6 2012: 7 2013: 8 2014: 14 2015: 14 2016: 5 2017: 9 2018: 16 2019: 9 2020: 15 2021: 42 2022: 11 2023: 80 80 2024: 31 2025: 27 201120122013201420152016201720182019202020212022202320242025
Days each year on which a satellite-traced plume of medium or heavy smoke covered the county’s population centre, 2011 to 2025.
  1. A smoke day is a date on which a smoke plume traced by NOAA Hazard Mapping System analysts from satellite imagery covered this place's point (the county's population centre or the city centre). Counts here are of medium or heavy smoke. Since 2018 analysts have often drawn light smoke as one area over most of the continent, so light-smoke counts are not comparable from year to year. The plumes show smoke anywhere in the air above, not air quality at the ground, and smoke hidden by cloud is missed.

NOAA Hazard Mapping System smoke analysis, 2011 to 2026, retrieved October 30, 2026.

Floods and flood insurance

29 federal flood insurance claims since 1981, with $497,000 paid.

Federal flood insurance claims by year 2013: 5 5 2013
Claims per year since 1981. Years with fewer than five claims are not shown.

Most claims in one year

2013: 5 claims

$93,000 paid.

Claims by ZIP code

Flood insurance claims by ZIP code
488489$368,000
488376$20,000
489065$47,000

Flood events since 1996

  • Flash Flood8
  • Flood5

This product uses the Federal Emergency Management Agency's OpenFEMA API, but is not endorsed by FEMA. The Federal Government or FEMA cannot vouch for the data or analyses derived from these data after the data have been retrieved from the Agency's website(s).

OpenFEMA NFIP Redacted Claims v3, refreshed August 4, 2026. NOAA Storm Events through 2026.

River crests

Most severe crest

March 1, 1904

Maple River at Maple Rapids, 13.80 ft

4.80 feet above the 9.0 ft flood stage; major flooding by today’s categories.

Most recent moderate or major crest

April 18, 2013

Maple River at Maple Rapids, 11.02 ft

Moderate flooding.

Highest river crests above flood stage
Mar 1, 1904Maple River at Maple Rapids13.80+4.80Major
Sep 12, 1986Maple River at Maple Rapids12.33+3.33Moderate
Oct 2, 1986Maple River at Maple Rapids11.27+2.27Moderate
Mar 20, 1948Maple River at Maple Rapids11.22+2.22Moderate
Apr 18, 2013Maple River at Maple Rapids11.02+2.02Moderate
Feb 21, 2018Looking Glass River near Eagle8.89+1.89Minor
Jun 23, 2015Looking Glass River near Eagle8.68+1.68Minor
Apr 6, 2017Looking Glass River near Eagle8.39+1.39Minor
Jun 27, 2021Maple River at Maple Rapids10.29+1.29Minor
Jul 8, 1994Maple River at Maple Rapids10.27+1.27Minor
May 24, 2004Looking Glass River near Eagle8.24+1.24Minor
Mar 31, 1960Maple River at Maple Rapids10.22+1.22Minor
Feb 17, 2022Looking Glass River near Eagle8.17+1.17Minor
Mar 5, 1976Maple River at Maple Rapids10.17+1.17Minor
Feb 21, 2018Maple River at Maple Rapids10.03+1.03Minor
Apr 6, 1947Maple River at Maple Rapids9.97+0.97Minor
Feb 22, 1997Maple River at Maple Rapids9.95+0.95Minor
May 19, 2020Maple River at Maple Rapids9.94+0.94Minor
May 10, 1956Maple River at Maple Rapids9.93+0.93Minor
Apr 6, 2023Maple River at Maple Rapids9.92+0.92Minor
Apr 19, 2013Looking Glass River near Eagle7.89+0.89Minor
Mar 4, 1985Maple River at Maple Rapids9.87+0.87Minor
Mar 17, 1982Maple River at Maple Rapids9.86+0.86Minor
Oct 4, 2019Maple River at Maple Rapids9.82+0.82Minor
Apr 5, 2023Looking Glass River near Eagle7.81+0.81Minor

River gauges

River gauges and their highest listed crests
Looking Glass River near Eagle7.08.89 ftFeb 21, 20180
Maple River at Maple Rapids9.013.80 ftMar 1, 19041
  1. Crests are the highest and the recent crests the National Weather Service lists for each river gauge in the county that has a flood stage, not every flood. Flood categories use each gauge's current flood stages; crests from before levees, dams or channel changes may not be comparable. Crests measured on an old datum are left out of the rankings.

NOAA National Water Prediction Service gauge records, retrieved October 30, 2026.

Drought

In severe drought or worse for 95 of 1,581 months since 1895 (6%); the longest spell lasted 20 months.

95

Months in severe drought or worse since 1895

42

Months in extreme drought

6%

Share of all months, severe or worse

Lowest reading

April 1931

−6.11, extreme drought

Longest severe spell

20 months

November 1962 to June 1964.

Latest month

September 2026

+0.65, incipient wet spell

Last severe month: October 2003.

Months in severe drought or worse, by year 1895: 4 1896: 0 1897: 0 1898: 0 1899: 0 1900: 0 1901: 0 1902: 0 1903: 0 1904: 0 1905: 0 1906: 0 1907: 0 1908: 0 1909: 0 1910: 0 1911: 0 1912: 0 1913: 0 1914: 0 1915: 0 1916: 0 1917: 0 1918: 0 1919: 0 1920: 0 1921: 0 1922: 0 1923: 0 1924: 0 1925: 1 1926: 0 1927: 0 1928: 0 1929: 0 1930: 5 1931: 12 12 1932: 0 1933: 0 1934: 8 1935: 4 1936: 2 1937: 0 1938: 0 1939: 1 1940: 4 1941: 1 1942: 0 1943: 0 1944: 1 1945: 3 1946: 0 1947: 0 1948: 0 1949: 0 1950: 0 1951: 0 1952: 0 1953: 4 1954: 3 1955: 0 1956: 0 1957: 1 1958: 0 1959: 0 1960: 0 1961: 2 1962: 2 1963: 12 1964: 8 1965: 0 1966: 0 1967: 0 1968: 0 1969: 0 1970: 0 1971: 0 1972: 0 1973: 0 1974: 0 1975: 0 1976: 0 1977: 4 1978: 0 1979: 0 1980: 0 1981: 0 1982: 0 1983: 0 1984: 0 1985: 0 1986: 0 1987: 0 1988: 1 1989: 0 1990: 0 1991: 0 1992: 0 1993: 0 1994: 0 1995: 0 1996: 0 1997: 0 1998: 3 1999: 0 2000: 2 2001: 0 2002: 0 2003: 7 2004: 0 2005: 0 2006: 0 2007: 0 2008: 0 2009: 0 2010: 0 2011: 0 2012: 0 2013: 0 2014: 0 2015: 0 2016: 0 2017: 0 2018: 0 2019: 0 2020: 0 2021: 0 2022: 0 2023: 0 2024: 0 2025: 0 18951905191519251935194519551965197519851995200520152025
Months each year with a Palmer index of −3 or lower, 1895 to 2025. Twelve means the whole year.
  1. The Palmer Drought Severity Index is computed by NOAA each month from the county's average temperature and precipitation, relative to the county's own climate. Zero is normal; -3 or lower is severe drought and -4 or lower extreme drought. It describes the long-term balance of moisture, not water supply or crop losses.

NOAA NCEI nClimDiv county Palmer Drought Severity Index, 1895 to September 2026, issued October 6, 2026.

Earthquakes

1 earthquake of magnitude 4 or more within 50 miles since 1900; the largest was magnitude 4.2 in 2015.

1

Magnitude 2.5+ inside the county since 1973

3

Magnitude 3+ within 50 miles since 1973

1

Magnitude 4+ within 50 miles since 1900

0

Magnitude 5+ within 50 miles since 1900

Largest within 50 miles

May 2, 2015

Magnitude 4.2

5 km S of Galesburg, Michigan; 47.7 miles away, 2.8 miles deep.

Most recent, magnitude 3 or more

June 30, 2015

Magnitude 3.3

5 km NNE of Burlington, Michigan; 44.4 miles away.

Earthquakes of magnitude 3 or more within 50 miles, by year 1973: 0 1974: 0 1975: 0 1976: 0 1977: 0 1978: 0 1979: 0 1980: 0 1981: 0 1982: 0 1983: 0 1984: 0 1985: 0 1986: 0 1987: 0 1988: 0 1989: 0 1990: 0 1991: 0 1992: 0 1993: 0 1994: 1 1995: 0 1996: 0 1997: 0 1998: 0 1999: 0 2000: 0 2001: 0 2002: 0 2003: 0 2004: 0 2005: 0 2006: 0 2007: 0 2008: 0 2009: 0 2010: 0 2011: 0 2012: 0 2013: 0 2014: 0 2015: 2 2 2016: 0 2017: 0 2018: 0 2019: 0 2020: 0 2021: 0 2022: 0 2023: 0 2024: 0 2025: 0 19731978198319881993199820032008201320182023
Per year, 1973 to 2025.

Every earthquake of magnitude 4 or more within 50 miles

Earthquakes of magnitude 4 or more within 50 miles
May 2, 20154.247.72.85 km S of Galesburg, Michigan
  1. Earthquakes of magnitude 2.5 or more in the USGS Comprehensive Catalog since 1900. Within 50 miles means the epicentre lies within 50 miles of the county boundary (or inside the county).
  2. Small earthquakes were under-recorded before the modern seismic networks of the 1970s and are still missed in remote areas, so early decades read low. Magnitudes are as the catalogue reports them and mix scales (moment, local and body-wave).

USGS ANSS Comprehensive Earthquake Catalog, 1900 to present, retrieved October 30, 2026.

Severe weather and other events

336 events in the National Weather Service record, 232 of them since 1996.

25

Hail reports, 1 inch or larger

2

Hail, 2 inches or larger

142

Damaging gusts, 58 mph+

57

Winter weather events since 1996

1

Heat events since 1996

0

Cold events since 1996

Largest hail

June 12, 2021

2.75 inches

Strongest measured or estimated gust

April 18, 1955

82 mph

More event types since 1996

Other Storm Events types since 1996
Dense fog and smoke100Jan 20, 1999

Costliest events since 1996

  1. Mar 8, 2017High Wind, Clinton$10.0 million
    National Weather Service narrative

    A 64 mph peak wind gust was measured at the Capital City airport in Lansing. Peak wind gusts in the 60 to 70 mph range resulted in numerous downed trees and limbs and power lines and widespread power outages.

  2. Apr 17, 2013Flood$5.0 million
    National Weather Service narrative

    Significant flooding occurred on rivers and streams across Clinton county.

  3. Aug 24, 2023Thunderstorm Wind$5.0 million
    National Weather Service narrative

    There were numerous reports of downed power lines, trees and tree limbs across portions of Clinton county.

  4. Feb 24, 2019High Wind, Clinton$3.0 million
    National Weather Service narrative

    Downed tree limbs and power lines and widespread power outages occurred due to wind gusts of up to around 60 mph.

  5. Feb 5, 2019Ice Storm, Clinton$3.0 million
    National Weather Service narrative

    Up to three quarters of an inch of freezing rain resulted in numerous downed trees, limbs, power lines and widespread power outages.

  6. Nov 29, 2011Winter Storm, Clinton$1.0 million
    National Weather Service narrative

    A trained spotter in St. John's measured ten inches of snow. The weight of the snow caused limbs and power lines to come down. 8.1 inches of snow was measured at Capital City Airport just northwest of downtown Lansing.

  7. Dec 21, 2013Ice Storm, Clinton$1.0 million
    National Weather Service narrative

    An ice storm brought a half an inch of ice accumulation across southern Clinton county, causing numerous power outages and downed trees, tree limbs and lines. Thousands of people did not have power restored until 3 to 5 days after the storm hit.

  8. May 21, 2004Flood, Clinton$1.0 million
    National Weather Service narrative

    The biggest and longest duration flooding event in the past ten to twenty years occurred across southwestern and south central lower Michigan from May 20th through the third of June. Flooding in mid May resulted in very high river levels and the ground was saturated on the 20th. Numerous thunderstorm complexes and areas of heavy rainfall developed repeatedly in the vicinity of a quasi stationary frontal boundary draped across southern lower Michigan. The heaviest rain fell on Saturday, May 22nd, when over two inches of rain fell over most of the area. Total rainfall over the Grand River basin from May 20th through June 3rd varied from four to as much as seven inches.The Grand…

  9. May 31, 1998Thunderstorm Wind$503,000
    National Weather Service narrative

    Michigan State Police EMD's Damage and Injury Assessment Report indicated $502,700 in public damage costs, 910 homes damaged, 2 homes destroyed, and 131 businesses damaged. Private property damage estimates were not available. Damage was widespread across the county, with the cities of St. Johns, Elsie, Ovid, and De Witt especially hard-hit. Law enforcement officials reported a 62-year old man was killed in Victor Township on Tuesday, June 2nd, while attempting to clear debris. He was cutting a tree into pieces with a chainsaw when a large limb sprang up and killed him. Clinton County declared a local state of emergency and was granted a Governor's disaster declaration to activate…

  10. May 21, 2001Tornado$300,000
    National Weather Service narrative

    A F1 tornado produced maximum estimated wind speeds of 90 m.p.h. in Riley. The tornado began just south of Pratt road and moved north northwest, parallel to Forest Hill road, and ended just south of Parks road. Two sheds were destroyed and a barn was damaged. A shop at an archery range was destroyed and insulation from the shop was carried 3 miles north by the tornado. The tornado had a path length of 4.5 miles and was 50 yards wide.

  1. Storm Events records before 1996 cover only tornadoes, thunderstorm wind and hail. Damage figures are as reported by the National Weather Service at the time, not adjusted for inflation.

NOAA NCEI Storm Events Database, 1950 to 2026, issued October 26, 2026.

Weather records

From Lansing Capital City Airport, 8 miles from the county’s population centre, with records from 1948.

All-time high
103°FJul 6, 2012
All-time low
−29°FJan 4, 1981
Warmest night
78°F2 times, most recently Jun 22, 2025
Coldest day
−3°FJan 15, 1972
Wettest day
4.95 inJun 11, 1986
Snowiest day
15.4 inJan 26, 1967
Hottest year
2024mean 51.8°F
Coldest year
1972mean 44.7°F
Wettest year
201341.46 in
Driest year
196221.23 in
Snowiest season
88.8 in1951-52
Average monthly high and low temperature and precipitation, last 30 years, Lansing Capital City Airport 32°F 31° 17° 1.9 Jan 34° 18° 1.8 Feb 45° 26° 2.3 Mar 58° 36° 3.2 Apr 69° 47° 3.8 May 79° 57° 3.9 Jun 83° 61° 2.9 Jul 81° 59° 3.5 Aug 74° 52° 2.7 Sep 61° 41° 3.2 Oct 48° 32° 2.2 Nov 36° 23° 2.0 Dec Precipitation, inches
Average daily high and low by month, and average monthly precipitation, over the last 30 years.
Nights at or below freezing per year 1976: 170 1977: 134 1978: 160 1979: 141 1980: 160 1981: 144 1982: 139 1983: 142 1984: 143 1985: 142 1986: 150 1987: 145 1988: 152 1989: 162 1990: 143 1991: 149 1992: 150 1993: 151 1994: 151 1995: 153 1996: 167 1997: 173 173 1998: 128 1999: 155 2000: 143 2001: 134 2002: 160 2003: 148 2004: 133 2005: 134 2006: 130 2007: 137 2008: 147 2009: 137 2010: 141 2011: 134 2012: 126 2013: 152 2014: 149 2015: 128 2016: 120 2017: 114 2018: 154 2019: 143 2020: 140 2021: 134 2022: 130 2023: 115 2024: 109 2025: 144 19761986199620062016
Nights at or below freezing each complete year, last 50 years. Thirty-year average: 138.6.
Snowfall by winter 1976: 57.0 in 1977: 66.7 in 1978: 58.6 in 1979: 34.7 in 1980: 38.7 in 1981: 62.1 in 1982: 33.5 in 1983: 49.4 in 1984: 60.6 in 1985: 61.2 in 1986: 37.3 in 1987: 47.9 in 1988: 39.9 in 1989: 56.4 in 1990: 36.2 in 1991: 58.3 in 1992: 67.4 in 1993: 50.3 in 1994: 51.8 in 1995: 39.2 in 2004: 73.7 in 73.7 2005: 48.9 in 2006: 31.5 in 2007: 69.5 in 2008: 69.8 in 2009: 42.6 in 2010: 52.9 in 2011: 39.3 in 2012: 30.2 in 2013: 69.1 in 2014: 35.6 in 2015: 50.0 in 2016: 30.2 in 2017: 53.3 in 2018: 38.8 in 2019: 45.9 in 2020: 45.6 in 2021: 58.1 in 2022: 58.1 in 2023: 30.5 in 2024: 37.7 in 2025: 41.6 in 19761986200420142024
Total snowfall each winter (July to June), last 50 winters.

Median first snow

November 9

Earliest: October 12, 2006

Median last snow

April 11

Latest: May 4, 1954

0 of 65 winters had no measurable snow.

Station Lansing Capital City Airport (USW00014836), 857 ft elevation, 8.0 miles from the population centre. Daily records from 1948 to October 26, 2026; 99.9% of days in the last 30 years are complete. Records at a single station can differ from a city’s official threaded record, which may combine several stations.

NOAA NCEI Global Historical Climatology Network Daily.

Federal disaster declarations

10 since 1953. The most recent: Covid-19 Pandemic, March 27, 2020.

Federal disaster declarations
Mar 27, 2020BiologicalCovid-19 PandemicMajor disasterDR-4494-MI
Mar 13, 2020BiologicalCovid-19EmergencyEM-3455-MI
Sep 7, 2005HurricaneHurricane Katrina EvacuationEmergencyEM-3225-MI
Jan 10, 2001SnowstormSnowEmergencyEM-3160-MI
Jun 24, 1998Severe StormSevere StormsMajor disasterDR-1226-MI
Sep 18, 1986FloodSevere Storms & FloodingMajor disasterDR-774-MI
Jan 27, 1978SnowstormBlizzards & SnowstormsEmergencyEM-3057-MI
Mar 19, 1976Severe StormSevere Storms, Tornadoes, Icing & FloodingMajor disasterDR-495-MI
Apr 5, 1972SnowstormSevere Storm & FreezingMajor disasterDR-330-MI
Apr 14, 1965TornadoTornadoes & Severe StormsMajor disasterDR-190-MI

This product uses the Federal Emergency Management Agency's OpenFEMA API, but is not endorsed by FEMA. The Federal Government or FEMA cannot vouch for the data or analyses derived from these data after the data have been retrieved from the Agency's website(s).

OpenFEMA Disaster Declarations Summaries, retrieved October 30, 2026. Statewide declarations are not listed.

How this compares

Where Clinton County stands among 83 counties in Michigan and 3,143 in the United States.

Ranks
Tornadoes since 19501928 / 831,626 / 3,143
Tornadoes rated F3/EF3 or stronger217 / 83866 / 3,143
Tropical cyclones within 50 mi0——
Hurricane-strength passes within 50 mi0——
Wildfire acres since 19840——
Flood insurance claims2944 / 831,905 / 3,143
Flood insurance paid$497,00035 / 831,783 / 3,143
Disaster declarations1037 / 832,788 / 3,143
Flood events since 19961343 / 832,802 / 3,143
Hail and wind events since 199615540 / 832,334 / 3,143
Winter storm events since 19965780 / 831,781 / 3,143
Reported damage since 1996$33.0 million32 / 831,099 / 3,143
River crests at major flood stage122 / 831,446 / 3,143
High tide flooding days a year, last 10 years0.0——
Months in severe drought since 18959573 / 832,506 / 3,143
Medium or heavy smoke days a year, last 10 years24.558 / 83690 / 3,143
Earthquakes M4+ within 50 mi since 1900113 / 831,397 / 3,143
Earthquakes M2.5+ in the county since 197311 / 83826 / 3,143

Neighbouring counties

Neighbouring counties
Eaton County2600149
Gratiot County150036
Ingham County3200397
Ionia County270037
Montcalm County12009
Shiawassee County350062

Sources and vintage

Every number on this page comes from these public records.

  • Tornadoes NOAA Storm Prediction Center severe weather database, through 2025.
  • Tropical cyclones NOAA National Hurricane Center HURDAT2 (Atlantic; Northeast and Central Pacific), through 2025.
  • Wildfire USGS/USFS Monitoring Trends in Burn Severity, through 2026.
  • Storm events NOAA NCEI Storm Events Database, through 2026.
  • Flood insurance OpenFEMA NFIP Redacted Claims v3, refreshed August 4, 2026.
  • Declarations OpenFEMA Disaster Declarations Summaries v2, retrieved October 30, 2026.
  • Weather records NOAA NCEI Global Historical Climatology Network Daily, station USW00014836.
  • River crests NOAA National Weather Service, National Water Prediction Service river gauges, retrieved October 30, 2026.
  • Drought NOAA NCEI nClimDiv county Palmer Drought Severity Index, through September 2026.
  • Smoke NOAA NESDIS Hazard Mapping System smoke analysis, retrieved October 30, 2026.
  • Earthquakes USGS ANSS Comprehensive Earthquake Catalog (ComCat), retrieved October 30, 2026.

Joins, thresholds and known limits are set out in the methodology. Found an error? Report it. Page built October 30, 2026.