Lenawee County

Population 97,779 (2025) 750 sq mi

Lenawee County has recorded 33 tornadoes since 1950, 8th most of 83 counties in Michigan; the most recent was on June 20, 2021.

Hazard fingerprint for Lenawee County Tornado: 57th percentile. Tropical: 0th percentile. Wildfire: 0th percentile. Flood: 32th percentile. Hail & wind: 67th percentile. Heat: 70th percentile. Cold: 66th percentile. Winter: 44th percentile. TORTROPFIREFLOODSEVEREHEATCOLDWINTER

Hazard fingerprint Each spoke is this county’s percentile among U.S. counties where that hazard occurs. How it is computed

2026
  • Tornado damage paths since 195033

At a glance

The record for Lenawee County in eight numbers. Each links to its section below.

Tornadoes since 1950

33

8th of 83 in Michigan

2.5 times the typical Michigan county

Details

Flood insurance claims

60

29th of 83 in Michigan

$345,000 paid since 1979

Details

Strongest tornado

F4

April 11, 1965, 90.3 mile path

Largest earthquake within 50 mi

4.6magnitude

August 9, 1947, 34.4 miles away

Details

Federal disaster declarations

6

Most recent: Covid-19 Pandemic, 2020

Details

Record high

108°F

Reached 2 times, most recently July 14, 1936

Details

Record low

−26°F

January 20, 1892

Details

Snowiest season

68.4in

Winter of 2004-05

Tornadoes

About one every 2.3 years since 1950, 3 of them rated F3/EF3 or stronger.

Strongest

April 11, 1965

F4, 90.3 mile path

1,760 yards wide; 23 killed along the whole path.

Most recent

Sunday, June 20, 2021

EF1, 2.7 mile path

5 years ago.

Tornadoes by decade Doppler radar era² 1950s: 3 3 1960s: 5 5 1970s: 9 9 1980s: 10 10 1990s: 3 3 2000s: 1 1 2010s: 1 1 2020s: 1 1 1950s1960s1970s1980s1990s2000s2010s2020s
Recorded tornadoes per decade. The 2020s are incomplete.
Tornadoes by month J: 0 F: 0 M: 2 A: 7 M: 6 J: 10 10 J: 2 A: 6 S: 0 O: 0 N: 0 D: 0 JFMAMJJASOND
By month of occurrence, all years.

Every recorded tornado

Tornadoes in Lenawee County since 1950
Jun 20, 2021EF12.712500
Jun 5, 2010EF12.525000
Jun 21, 2006F02.210000
May 23, 1999F14.9000
Mar 28, 1998F10.53000
Jun 20, 1994F00.52000
May 15, 1988F00.21010
Apr 3, 1988F01.03000
Jul 31, 1987F03.52000
Jun 29, 1987F10.814700
Jul 15, 1986F00.21300
May 27, 1985F14.98000
May 1, 1983F22.010000
May 1, 1983F25.950000
May 1, 1983F21.940000
Apr 12, 1982F00.11300
Aug 29, 1979F10.35000
Jun 20, 1979F20.62700
Jun 24, 1976F11.05000
Mar 12, 1976F20.18300
Apr 3, 1974F29.91050
Apr 3, 1974F25.416750
Jun 26, 1973F00.11000
Jun 16, 1973F12.55000
Aug 18, 1972F00.11000
Apr 11, 1965F480.51029321
Apr 11, 1965F490.31,76029423
Aug 22, 1964F10.11000
Aug 22, 1964F30.11020
Aug 26, 1962F10.51000
Aug 3, 1958F00.11700
Apr 14, 1956F10.11000
Jun 12, 1954F00.11000
  1. Injuries and deaths are for the tornado’s whole path, which may extend beyond the county. Deaths recorded within Lenawee County: 9.
  2. Weak tornadoes were under-recorded before Doppler radar coverage became national in the early 1990s, so earlier decades read low. Ratings use the Fujita scale before February 2007 and the Enhanced Fujita scale after.

Storm Prediction Center severe weather database, 1950 to 2025.

Hurricanes and tropical storms

No tropical storm or hurricane has tracked within 100 miles since records began in 1851.

Wildfire and smoke

No large wildfire has been mapped here since satellite mapping began in 1984.

Smoke overhead

Smokiest year

2023: 67 days

Heavy smoke on 17 days in 2023, the most of any year.

Last 10 years

22.0 days a year

Medium or heavy smoke, 2016 to 2025.

2025

22 days

Medium or heavy smoke. 37 so far in 2026.

Days with medium or heavy smoke overhead, by year 2011: 6 2012: 6 2013: 6 2014: 13 2015: 11 2016: 4 2017: 7 2018: 13 2019: 10 2020: 14 2021: 43 2022: 13 2023: 67 67 2024: 27 2025: 22 201120122013201420152016201720182019202020212022202320242025
Days each year on which a satellite-traced plume of medium or heavy smoke covered the county’s population centre, 2011 to 2025.
  1. A smoke day is a date on which a smoke plume traced by NOAA Hazard Mapping System analysts from satellite imagery covered this place's point (the county's population centre or the city centre). Counts here are of medium or heavy smoke. Since 2018 analysts have often drawn light smoke as one area over most of the continent, so light-smoke counts are not comparable from year to year. The plumes show smoke anywhere in the air above, not air quality at the ground, and smoke hidden by cloud is missed.

NOAA Hazard Mapping System smoke analysis, 2011 to 2026, retrieved October 30, 2026.

Floods and flood insurance

60 federal flood insurance claims since 1979, with $345,000 paid.

Federal flood insurance claims by year 1981: 5 1982: 13 13 2009: 5 2011: 6 2015: 6 1981
Claims per year since 1979. Years with fewer than five claims are not shown.

Most claims in one year

1982: 13 claims

$58,000 paid.

2nd most

2015: 6 claims

$130,000 paid.

3rd most

2011: 6 claims

$65,000 paid.

Claims by ZIP code

Flood insurance claims by ZIP code
4922833$297,000
4922116$19,000
492385$14,000

Flood events since 1996

  • Flood24
  • Flash Flood10

This product uses the Federal Emergency Management Agency's OpenFEMA API, but is not endorsed by FEMA. The Federal Government or FEMA cannot vouch for the data or analyses derived from these data after the data have been retrieved from the Agency's website(s).

OpenFEMA NFIP Redacted Claims v3, refreshed August 4, 2026. NOAA Storm Events through 2026.

River crests

Most severe crest

June 29, 2015

River Raisin at Blissfield, 685.90 ft

2.90 feet above the 683.0 ft flood stage; moderate flooding by today’s categories.

Most recent moderate or major crest

June 29, 2015

River Raisin at Blissfield, 685.90 ft

Moderate flooding.

Highest river crests above flood stage
Jun 29, 2015River Raisin at Blissfield685.90+2.90Moderate
Dec 1, 2011River Raisin at Blissfield685.62+2.62Moderate
Mar 12, 2009River Raisin at Blissfield685.40+2.40Moderate
Feb 8, 2008River Raisin at Blissfield685.10+2.10Moderate
Feb 22, 2018River Raisin at Blissfield684.19+1.19Minor
Jul 5, 2008River Raisin at Blissfield684.12+1.12Minor
Feb 20, 1998River Raisin at Blissfield684.10+1.10Minor
Jan 25, 2000River Raisin at Blissfield684.00+1.00Minor
Apr 29, 2011River Raisin at Blissfield683.98+0.98Minor
May 20, 2020River Raisin at Blissfield683.96+0.96Minor
May 3, 2019River Raisin at Blissfield683.80+0.80Minor
Jan 11, 2008River Raisin at Blissfield683.80+0.80Minor
Jan 15, 2005River Raisin at Blissfield683.65+0.65Minor
May 13, 2002River Raisin at Blissfield683.50+0.50Minor
Jun 20, 1996River Raisin at Blissfield683.50+0.50Minor
Jan 13, 2020River Raisin at Blissfield683.46+0.46Minor
Feb 13, 2009River Raisin at Blissfield683.22+0.22Minor
Feb 11, 2001River Raisin at Blissfield683.20+0.20Minor
Mar 1, 2023River Raisin at Blissfield683.10+0.10Minor
Mar 8, 2011River Raisin at Blissfield682.90−0.10Action
Jun 26, 1968River Raisin near Tecumseh12.66−0.34Action
Jun 23, 2006River Raisin at Blissfield682.54−0.46Action
Feb 23, 1997River Raisin at Blissfield682.50−0.50Action
Mar 14, 1982River Raisin near Tecumseh12.07−0.93Action
Feb 24, 1985River Raisin near Tecumseh12.00−1.00Action

River gauges

River gauges and their highest listed crests
River Raisin at Blissfield683.0685.90 ftJun 29, 20150
River Raisin near Adrian18.015.84 ftJun 29, 20150
River Raisin near Tecumseh13.012.66 ftJun 26, 19680
  1. Crests are the highest and the recent crests the National Weather Service lists for each river gauge in the county that has a flood stage, not every flood. Flood categories use each gauge's current flood stages; crests from before levees, dams or channel changes may not be comparable. Crests measured on an old datum are left out of the rankings.

NOAA National Water Prediction Service gauge records, retrieved October 30, 2026.

Drought

In severe drought or worse for 137 of 1,581 months since 1895 (9%); the longest spell lasted 33 months.

137

Months in severe drought or worse since 1895

71

Months in extreme drought

9%

Share of all months, severe or worse

2

Drought reports to the Weather Service since 1996

Lowest reading

April 1931

−6.71, extreme drought

Longest severe spell

33 months

December 1933 to August 1936.

Latest month

September 2026

−1.34, mild drought

Last severe month: February 2026.

Months in severe drought or worse, by year 1895: 4 1896: 0 1897: 0 1898: 0 1899: 0 1900: 0 1901: 0 1902: 0 1903: 0 1904: 0 1905: 1 1906: 0 1907: 0 1908: 0 1909: 0 1910: 0 1911: 0 1912: 0 1913: 0 1914: 0 1915: 0 1916: 0 1917: 0 1918: 0 1919: 0 1920: 0 1921: 0 1922: 0 1923: 0 1924: 0 1925: 0 1926: 0 1927: 0 1928: 0 1929: 0 1930: 5 1931: 12 12 1932: 4 1933: 1 1934: 12 1935: 12 1936: 8 1937: 0 1938: 0 1939: 1 1940: 5 1941: 2 1942: 0 1943: 0 1944: 1 1945: 2 1946: 0 1947: 0 1948: 0 1949: 0 1950: 0 1951: 0 1952: 2 1953: 11 1954: 1 1955: 0 1956: 0 1957: 0 1958: 0 1959: 0 1960: 0 1961: 1 1962: 1 1963: 12 1964: 12 1965: 4 1966: 0 1967: 0 1968: 0 1969: 0 1970: 0 1971: 3 1972: 2 1973: 0 1974: 0 1975: 0 1976: 0 1977: 0 1978: 0 1979: 0 1980: 0 1981: 0 1982: 0 1983: 0 1984: 0 1985: 0 1986: 0 1987: 0 1988: 2 1989: 0 1990: 0 1991: 0 1992: 0 1993: 0 1994: 0 1995: 0 1996: 0 1997: 0 1998: 0 1999: 2 2000: 3 2001: 0 2002: 0 2003: 1 2004: 0 2005: 1 2006: 0 2007: 0 2008: 0 2009: 0 2010: 0 2011: 0 2012: 6 2013: 0 2014: 0 2015: 0 2016: 0 2017: 0 2018: 0 2019: 0 2020: 0 2021: 0 2022: 0 2023: 0 2024: 0 2025: 1 18951905191519251935194519551965197519851995200520152025
Months each year with a Palmer index of −3 or lower, 1895 to 2025. Twelve means the whole year.
  1. The Palmer Drought Severity Index is computed by NOAA each month from the county's average temperature and precipitation, relative to the county's own climate. Zero is normal; -3 or lower is severe drought and -4 or lower extreme drought. It describes the long-term balance of moisture, not water supply or crop losses.

NOAA NCEI nClimDiv county Palmer Drought Severity Index, 1895 to September 2026, issued October 6, 2026.

Earthquakes

1 earthquake of magnitude 4 or more within 50 miles since 1900; the largest was magnitude 4.6 in 1947.

0

Magnitude 2.5+ inside the county since 1973

6

Magnitude 3+ within 50 miles since 1973

1

Magnitude 4+ within 50 miles since 1900

0

Magnitude 5+ within 50 miles since 1900

Largest within 50 miles

August 9, 1947

Magnitude 4.6

Near Coldwater, Michigan; 34.4 miles away, 1.2 miles deep.

Most recent, magnitude 3 or more

April 26, 2026

Magnitude 3.0

7 km SSE of Amherstburg, Canada; 36.7 miles away.

Earthquakes of magnitude 3 or more within 50 miles, by year 1973: 0 1974: 1 1 1975: 0 1976: 0 1977: 0 1978: 0 1979: 0 1980: 1 1981: 0 1982: 0 1983: 0 1984: 0 1985: 0 1986: 0 1987: 0 1988: 0 1989: 0 1990: 0 1991: 0 1992: 0 1993: 0 1994: 0 1995: 0 1996: 0 1997: 0 1998: 0 1999: 0 2000: 0 2001: 0 2002: 0 2003: 0 2004: 0 2005: 0 2006: 0 2007: 0 2008: 0 2009: 0 2010: 0 2011: 0 2012: 0 2013: 0 2014: 0 2015: 1 2016: 0 2017: 0 2018: 1 2019: 0 2020: 1 2021: 0 2022: 0 2023: 0 2024: 0 2025: 0 19731978198319881993199820032008201320182023
Per year, 1973 to 2025.

Every earthquake of magnitude 4 or more within 50 miles

Earthquakes of magnitude 4 or more within 50 miles
Aug 9, 19474.634.41.2Near Coldwater, Michigan
  1. Earthquakes of magnitude 2.5 or more in the USGS Comprehensive Catalog since 1900. Within 50 miles means the epicentre lies within 50 miles of the county boundary (or inside the county).
  2. Small earthquakes were under-recorded before the modern seismic networks of the 1970s and are still missed in remote areas, so early decades read low. Magnitudes are as the catalogue reports them and mix scales (moment, local and body-wave).

USGS ANSS Comprehensive Earthquake Catalog, 1900 to present, retrieved October 30, 2026.

Severe weather and other events

670 events in the National Weather Service record, 552 of them since 1996.

72

Hail reports, 1 inch or larger

3

Hail, 2 inches or larger

262

Damaging gusts, 58 mph+

61

Winter weather events since 1996

18

Heat events since 1996

16

Cold events since 1996

Largest hail

June 19, 2021

3.00 inches

Strongest measured or estimated gust

April 12, 1996

90 mph

More event types since 1996

Other Storm Events types since 1996
Lightning1810Jul 26, 2007

Costliest events since 1996

  1. Mar 8, 2017High Wind, Lenawee$15.0 million
    National Weather Service narrative

    A non thunderstorm event took place over the state on Wednesday, March 8, 2017, as high winds brought wind gusts in excess of 60 mph! The high winds took out power lines and trees, along with numerous reports of structural damage to buildings. There were also reports of brush fires and tractor-trailers flipped over around the area. Due to the extensive damage, many areas were without power for several days. Approximately 800,000 DTE customers and approximately 300,000 Consumers Energy customers were affected. The highest wind gust reported across Southeast Michigan was 68 mph at both Saginaw and Detroit Metro Airport.

  2. Feb 20, 2011Ice Storm, Lenawee$1.5 million
    National Weather Service narrative

    A big winter storm impacted southeast Michigan, with 5 to 10 inches of snow falling across the majority of the area. Snow turned to ice near the Ohio border, where a major ice storm occured. Downed trees and powerlines occured over Lenawee and Monroe counties due to ice accumulations half an inch to one inch. Power outages lasted 4 to 5 days.

  3. May 4, 2018High Wind, Lenawee$1.5 million
    National Weather Service narrative

    A strong low pressure system tracked through northern Lower Michigan, swinging a strong cold front through southeast Michigan early in the afternoon. Sustained winds ranging between 30 - 40 mph, with frequent gusts in the 45 to 60 mph range, with scattered thunderstorms that developed leading to enhanced winds near 70 MPH. Downed large trees, branches, telephone and power lines were reported across all counties in Southeast Michigan, with around 230,000 customers without power during the peak. In Independence Township, a large tree fell onto a car, killing the 36 year old man inside. Additionally, a postal employee in South Lyon was also seriously hurt when a tree fell on him as…

  4. Nov 12, 2003High Wind, Lenawee$1.2 million
    National Weather Service narrative

    A strong low pressure system moved across the straits on the evening of the 12th, moving into Ontario overnight as it deepened to 974 mb. Strong cold advection and a tight pressure gradient over Lower Michigan produced wind gusts between 50 and 60 MPH across all of Southeast Michigan. In addition, there were even a few wind gusts reported between 60 and 88 mph. The highest wind gust was reported by a spotter in Dexter who recorded an 88 mph gust. An estimated 250,000 customers lost power in southeast Michigan, as widespread trees and power lines were blown down.

  5. Jan 11, 1999Cold/Wind Chill, Lenawee$1.0 million
    National Weather Service narrative

    Temperatures plunged below zero in far southeast Michigan during the early morning hours of the 11th. At Detroit Metro Airport, the morning low was -4 degrees. The cold resulted in over 120 water main breaks in the city of Detroit. A very large water main ruptured in downtown Adrian, causing a water shortage for its 22,000 residents.

  6. Nov 17, 2013High Wind, Lenawee$1.0 million
    National Weather Service narrative

    A powerful low pressure system strengthened and tracked northeast from the western Great Lakes towards James Bay during the afternoon of November 17th through the overnight hours. Southerly winds out ahead of the cold front allowed temperatures to soar into the lower to middle 60s during the afternoon hours across southeast Michigan. A line of thunderstorms developed with the cold front that swept through the area during the evening hours. Several of these storms produced severe wind gusts and wind damage as they moved through the area. Behind the cold front, gradient winds gusted to 55 to 65 mph during the evening and overnight hours, producing additional damage across southeast…

  7. Apr 12, 1996Hail$1.0 million
  8. Apr 12, 1996Thunderstorm Wind$1.0 million
  9. Apr 12, 1996Thunderstorm Wind$1.0 million
  10. Apr 12, 1996Hail$1.0 million
  1. Storm Events records before 1996 cover only tornadoes, thunderstorm wind and hail. Damage figures are as reported by the National Weather Service at the time, not adjusted for inflation.

NOAA NCEI Storm Events Database, 1950 to 2026, issued October 26, 2026.

Weather records

From Adrian 2 Nne, 2 miles from the county’s population centre, with records from 1887.

All-time high
108°F2 times, most recently Jul 14, 1936
All-time low
−26°FJan 20, 1892
Warmest night
83°FAug 29, 1937
Coldest day
−5°FFeb 9, 1899
Wettest day
5.02 inJul 30, 2016
Snowiest day
22.0 inMar 1, 2005
Hottest year
1931mean 53.6°F
Coldest year
1917mean 45.4°F
Wettest year
189251.86 in
Driest year
196319.47 in
Snowiest season
68.4 in2004-05
Average monthly high and low temperature and precipitation, last 30 years, Adrian 2 Nne 32°F 32° 17° 2.2 Jan 36° 18° 2.1 Feb 47° 27° 2.7 Mar 60° 37° 3.5 Apr 71° 47° 4.0 May 80° 57° 4.2 Jun 84° 61° 3.5 Jul 82° 59° 3.2 Aug 76° 52° 3.2 Sep 63° 41° 2.8 Oct 49° 31° 2.6 Nov 38° 23° 2.5 Dec Precipitation, inches
Average daily high and low by month, and average monthly precipitation, over the last 30 years.
Nights at or below freezing per year 1971: 150 1972: 160 1973: 121 1974: 153 1975: 153 1976: 163 1977: 135 1978: 170 170 1981: 147 1982: 136 1983: 145 1984: 147 1985: 150 1986: 158 1988: 148 1989: 151 1990: 133 1991: 133 1992: 153 1993: 160 1994: 147 1995: 163 1996: 154 1997: 144 1999: 135 2000: 131 2001: 125 2002: 146 2003: 143 2004: 129 2005: 146 2006: 123 2007: 132 2008: 139 2009: 137 2010: 131 2011: 131 2012: 122 2013: 156 2014: 142 2015: 131 2016: 130 2017: 130 2018: 159 2019: 142 2020: 145 19711983199420052015
Nights at or below freezing each complete year, last 50 years. Thirty-year average: 140.0.
Snowfall by winter 1976: 28.8 in 1977: 55.9 in 1978: 23.4 in 1980: 23.9 in 1982: 15.0 in 1983: 40.0 in 1984: 34.0 in 1985: 34.9 in 1986: 31.2 in 1987: 28.8 in 1988: 12.8 in 1989: 24.8 in 1990: 23.0 in 1991: 19.0 in 1992: 40.3 in 1993: 36.1 in 1994: 19.5 in 1995: 23.1 in 1996: 29.5 in 1997: 17.9 in 1999: 21.1 in 2000: 24.7 in 2001: 17.6 in 2002: 33.1 in 2003: 21.3 in 2004: 68.4 in 68.4 2005: 30.7 in 2006: 24.1 in 2007: 50.1 in 2008: 34.0 in 2009: 29.7 in 2010: 33.5 in 2016: 17.8 in 2017: 39.7 in 2018: 20.8 in 2019: 22.7 in 2020: 29.3 in 2021: 32.3 in 2022: 15.8 in 2023: 19.1 in 2024: 9.9 in 2025: 32.8 in 19761988199920092024
Total snowfall each winter (July to June), last 50 winters.

Median first snow

November 22

Earliest: October 19, 1989

Median last snow

March 26

Latest: May 10, 1907

0 of 85 winters had no measurable snow.

Station Adrian 2 Nne (USC00200032), 760 ft elevation, 2.0 miles from the population centre. Daily records from 1887 to October 14, 2026; 92.0% of days in the last 30 years are complete. Records at a single station can differ from a city’s official threaded record, which may combine several stations.

NOAA NCEI Global Historical Climatology Network Daily.

Federal disaster declarations

6 since 1953. The most recent: Covid-19 Pandemic, March 27, 2020.

Federal disaster declarations
Mar 27, 2020BiologicalCovid-19 PandemicMajor disasterDR-4494-MI
Mar 13, 2020BiologicalCovid-19EmergencyEM-3455-MI
Sep 7, 2005HurricaneHurricane Katrina EvacuationEmergencyEM-3225-MI
Jan 27, 1999SnowstormMi - Severe Weather 1/2 /99EmergencyEM-3137-MI
Jan 27, 1978SnowstormBlizzards & SnowstormsEmergencyEM-3057-MI
Apr 14, 1965TornadoTornadoes & Severe StormsMajor disasterDR-190-MI

This product uses the Federal Emergency Management Agency's OpenFEMA API, but is not endorsed by FEMA. The Federal Government or FEMA cannot vouch for the data or analyses derived from these data after the data have been retrieved from the Agency's website(s).

OpenFEMA Disaster Declarations Summaries, retrieved October 30, 2026. Statewide declarations are not listed.

How this compares

Where Lenawee County stands among 83 counties in Michigan and 3,143 in the United States.

Ranks
Tornadoes since 1950338 / 83876 / 3,143
Tornadoes rated F3/EF3 or stronger38 / 83571 / 3,143
Tropical cyclones within 50 mi0——
Hurricane-strength passes within 50 mi0——
Wildfire acres since 19840——
Flood insurance claims6029 / 831,549 / 3,143
Flood insurance paid$345,00037 / 831,921 / 3,143
Disaster declarations673 / 833,045 / 3,143
Flood events since 19963411 / 831,944 / 3,143
Hail and wind events since 19964167 / 83680 / 3,143
Winter storm events since 19966176 / 831,697 / 3,143
Reported damage since 1996$35.6 million27 / 831,043 / 3,143
River crests at major flood stage0——
High tide flooding days a year, last 10 years0.0——
Months in severe drought since 189513722 / 831,259 / 3,143
Medium or heavy smoke days a year, last 10 years22.082 / 83864 / 3,143
Earthquakes M4+ within 50 mi since 1900113 / 831,397 / 3,143
Earthquakes M2.5+ in the county since 19730——

Neighbouring counties

Neighbouring counties
Fulton County OH140034
Hillsdale County260013
Jackson County200041
Lucas County OH12001,201
Monroe County41001,672
Washtenaw County2800133

Sources and vintage

Every number on this page comes from these public records.

  • Tornadoes NOAA Storm Prediction Center severe weather database, through 2025.
  • Tropical cyclones NOAA National Hurricane Center HURDAT2 (Atlantic; Northeast and Central Pacific), through 2025.
  • Wildfire USGS/USFS Monitoring Trends in Burn Severity, through 2026.
  • Storm events NOAA NCEI Storm Events Database, through 2026.
  • Flood insurance OpenFEMA NFIP Redacted Claims v3, refreshed August 4, 2026.
  • Declarations OpenFEMA Disaster Declarations Summaries v2, retrieved October 30, 2026.
  • Weather records NOAA NCEI Global Historical Climatology Network Daily, station USC00200032.
  • River crests NOAA National Weather Service, National Water Prediction Service river gauges, retrieved October 30, 2026.
  • Drought NOAA NCEI nClimDiv county Palmer Drought Severity Index, through September 2026.
  • Smoke NOAA NESDIS Hazard Mapping System smoke analysis, retrieved October 30, 2026.
  • Earthquakes USGS ANSS Comprehensive Earthquake Catalog (ComCat), retrieved October 30, 2026.

Joins, thresholds and known limits are set out in the methodology. Found an error? Report it. Page built October 30, 2026.