Roseau County

Population 15,246 (2025) 1,672 sq mi

Large wildfires have burned 180,817 acres of Roseau County since 1984, 3rd most of 87 counties in Minnesota; the largest was the Juneberry 3 Fire in 2011.

Hazard fingerprint for Roseau County Tornado: 33th percentile. Tropical: 0th percentile. Wildfire: 84th percentile. Flood: 24th percentile. Hail & wind: 20th percentile. Heat: 13th percentile. Cold: 97th percentile. Winter: 71th percentile. TORTROPFIREFLOODSEVEREHEATCOLDWINTER

Hazard fingerprint Each spoke is this county’s percentile among U.S. counties where that hazard occurs. How it is computed

2026
  • Tornado damage paths since 195042
  • Wildfire burn scars since 198449
  • Major flood years since 19781

At a glance

The record for Roseau County in eight numbers. Each links to its section below.

Acres burned since 1984

180,817

3rd of 87 in Minnesota

49 large fires; the largest was Juneberry 3, 2011

Details

Tornadoes since 1950

42

12th of 87 in Minnesota

56% more than the typical Minnesota county

Details

Flood insurance claims

279

9th of 87 in Minnesota

$3.4 million paid since 1979

Details

Strongest tornado

F3

August 5, 2006, 4.0 mile path

Federal disaster declarations

26

Most recent: Severe Storms and Flooding, 2023

Details

Costliest event since 1996

$200.0M

Flood, June 10, 2002

Details

Tornadoes

About one every 1.8 years since 1950, one of them rated F3/EF3 or stronger.

Strongest

August 5, 2006

F3, 4.0 mile path

500 yards wide.

Most recent

Monday, June 24, 2024

EF0, 0.5 mile path

2 years ago.

Tornadoes by decade Doppler radar era² 1950s: 0 1960s: 2 2 1970s: 1 1 1980s: 2 2 1990s: 16 16 2000s: 15 15 2010s: 3 3 2020s: 3 3 1950s1960s1970s1980s1990s2000s2010s2020s
Recorded tornadoes per decade. The 2020s are incomplete.
Tornadoes by month J: 0 F: 0 M: 0 A: 0 M: 3 J: 17 17 J: 12 A: 9 S: 1 O: 0 N: 0 D: 0 JFMAMJJASOND
By month of occurrence, all years.

Every recorded tornado

Tornadoes in Roseau County since 1950
Jun 24, 2024EF00.55000
Jun 17, 2020EF11.120000
Jun 17, 2020EF12.030000
Jun 19, 2016EF00.22000
Sep 19, 2014EF17.030000
Jun 17, 2010EF14.04000
Jun 24, 2007EF00.22500
Jun 24, 2007EF00.22500
Jun 24, 2007EF13.05000
Aug 16, 2006F03.02500
Aug 5, 2006F111.010000
Aug 5, 2006F09.02500
Aug 5, 2006F34.050000
Aug 5, 2006F15.05000
Jul 3, 2005F12.010000
Jul 2, 2005F11.010000
Aug 25, 2003F11.05000
Jul 1, 2002F00.22500
May 29, 2002F00.22500
May 29, 2002F00.22500
May 29, 2002F00.22500
Jun 6, 1999F00.5000
Jun 6, 1999F00.2000
Jun 6, 1999F00.5000
Jun 27, 1997F10.52300
Jun 27, 1997F211.015010
Jul 9, 1995F00.11000
Aug 27, 1994F00.11000
Jun 30, 1994F00.11000
Aug 8, 1993F00.11000
Jul 27, 1993F00.11000
Jul 27, 1993F05.01000
Jul 27, 1993F00.11000
Jul 27, 1993F00.11000
Jul 27, 1993F04.01000
Jun 26, 1991F00.21000
Jun 26, 1991F00.21000
Jul 13, 1983F24.086700
Jul 5, 1982F17.03010
Jun 12, 1976F11.020000
Jul 25, 1967F10.21000
Aug 5, 1966F10.11000
  1. Injuries and deaths are for the tornado’s whole path, which may extend beyond the county. Deaths recorded within Roseau County: 0.
  2. Weak tornadoes were under-recorded before Doppler radar coverage became national in the early 1990s, so earlier decades read low. Ratings use the Fujita scale before February 2007 and the Enhanced Fujita scale after.

Storm Prediction Center severe weather database, 1950 to 2025.

Hurricanes and tropical storms

No tropical storm or hurricane has tracked within 100 miles since records began in 1851.

Wildfire and smoke

180,817 acres burned in 49 large fires since 1984, equal to 17% of the land.

Largest

October 5, 2011

Juneberry 3 Fire, 29,460 acres

29,444 acres inside Roseau County.

Most recent

October 18, 2024

Hunters Moon Fire

1,509 acres in total.

Acres burned since 1984, cumulative 1985: 5661986: 1,7591987: 1561988: 51,6971990: 8,3261991: 15,8301993: 8561994: 1,1781995: 5,7001998: 2,3141999: 1,0482000: 8,1912002: 9,5942003: 6,9802006: 2,7172007: 23,4892008: 5232011: 29,4452012: 7742015: 4,4462018: 3,6842021: 182024: 1,523 180,817 acres 198519901995200020052010201520202025
Running total of acres burned inside the county (line) and each year’s acres (bars).

Every large fire

Large wildfires since 1984
Hunters Moon20241,5231,509
Klondike Swamp Fire202118706
North County Road 720183,6849,478
Palsburg Fire20154,4464,449
Juneberry Road Fire2012770770
Klondike Cabin Fire20122981
Juneberry 3201129,44429,460
Pig Barn2008523523
Unnamed20071,8181,817
Unnamed200721,67021,673
Cederbend Wma2006706707
Unnamed20062,0106,963
Como20034920
Canada20036,9747,068
Camelback Bridge20023,5203,521
Unnamed20021,3721,374
Polonia2002669670
Honey Joe20023,5143,521
Mikes Lake2002517518
Unnamed20001,0801,082
Unnamed20002,9112,913
Unnamed2000762764
Unnamed200011,916
Unnamed20003,4343,619
Unnamed19991,0371,035
Unnamed1999101,299
Unnamed19981,0691,069
Unnamed19981,2441,245
Unnamed19955,1145,274
Unnamed1995585584
Unnamed19941,1781,180
Unnamed1993856858
Unnamed1991923926
Unnamed1991856854
Unnamed199114,05122,651
Unnamed1990701698
Unnamed1990947947
Unnamed19905,8165,816
Unnamed1990860858
Unnamed1988104760
Unnamed19885,0125,015
Unnamed19881,3691,371
Unnamed19887,5787,578
Unnamed198813,58314,444
Unnamed19881,7851,785
Unnamed198822,26222,278
Unnamed1987156810
Unnamed19861,7591,761
Unnamed1985565566
  1. Large fires mapped by the Monitoring Trends in Burn Severity program since 1984: 1,000 acres or more in the West, 500 or more in the East. Prescribed burns are excluded. Acres here are the part of each perimeter inside this place.

Monitoring Trends in Burn Severity (USGS and U.S. Forest Service), 1984 to 2026.

Smoke overhead

Smokiest year

2023: 90 days

Heavy smoke on 37 days in 2021, the most of any year.

Last 10 years

38.0 days a year

Medium or heavy smoke, 2016 to 2025.

2025

45 days

Medium or heavy smoke. 44 so far in 2026.

Days with medium or heavy smoke overhead, by year 2011: 12 2012: 24 2013: 16 2014: 18 2015: 27 2016: 12 2017: 26 2018: 31 2019: 23 2020: 14 2021: 61 2022: 21 2023: 90 90 2024: 57 2025: 45 201120122013201420152016201720182019202020212022202320242025
Days each year on which a satellite-traced plume of medium or heavy smoke covered the county’s population centre, 2011 to 2025.
  1. A smoke day is a date on which a smoke plume traced by NOAA Hazard Mapping System analysts from satellite imagery covered this place's point (the county's population centre or the city centre). Counts here are of medium or heavy smoke. Since 2018 analysts have often drawn light smoke as one area over most of the continent, so light-smoke counts are not comparable from year to year. The plumes show smoke anywhere in the air above, not air quality at the ground, and smoke hidden by cloud is missed.

NOAA Hazard Mapping System smoke analysis, 2011 to 2026, retrieved October 30, 2026.

Floods and flood insurance

279 federal flood insurance claims since 1979, with $3.4 million paid.

Federal flood insurance claims by year 1997: 6 2002: 266 266 1997
Claims per year since 1979. Years with fewer than five claims are not shown.

Most claims in one year

2002: 266 claims

$3.3 million paid.

2nd most

1997: 6 claims

$98,000 paid.

Claims by ZIP code

Flood insurance claims by ZIP code
56751271$3.3 million
567636$115,000

Flood events since 1996

  • Flash Flood12
  • Flood11
  • Heavy Rain2

This product uses the Federal Emergency Management Agency's OpenFEMA API, but is not endorsed by FEMA. The Federal Government or FEMA cannot vouch for the data or analyses derived from these data after the data have been retrieved from the Agency's website(s).

OpenFEMA NFIP Redacted Claims v3, refreshed August 4, 2026. NOAA Storm Events through 2026.

River crests

Most severe crest

June 12, 2002

Roseau River at Roseau, 23.40 ft

7.40 feet above the 16.0 ft flood stage; major flooding by today’s categories.

Most recent moderate or major crest

May 14, 2022

Roseau River at Roseau, 18.62 ft

Moderate flooding.

Highest river crests above flood stage
Jun 12, 2002Roseau River at Roseau23.40+7.40Major
Mar 25, 2009Roseau River at Roseau20.56+4.56Major
May 13, 2004Roseau River at Roseau20.50+4.50Major
Apr 3, 2006Roseau River at Roseau19.69+3.69Major
Apr 12, 2014Roseau River at Roseau18.74+2.74Moderate
May 14, 2022Roseau River at Roseau18.62+2.62Moderate
Sep 23, 2019Roseau River at Roseau18.25+2.25Moderate
Aug 3, 2001Roseau River at Roseau18.23+2.23Moderate
Apr 8, 1999Roseau River at Roseau17.59+1.59Minor
Apr 15, 2023Roseau River at Roseau17.00+1.00Minor
Apr 9, 2019Roseau River at Roseau16.56+0.56Minor
Apr 13, 2011Roseau River at Roseau16.24+0.24Minor
Mar 16, 2010Roseau River at Roseau16.06+0.06Minor
Nov 9, 2000Roseau River at Roseau14.68−1.32Action
Apr 7, 2020Roseau River at Roseau14.49−1.51Action
Mar 14, 2016Roseau River at Roseau13.79−2.21Below flood stage
Apr 1, 2017Roseau River at Roseau13.66−2.34Below flood stage
Jun 20, 2024Roseau River at Roseau13.01−2.99Below flood stage
Mar 26, 2007Roseau River at Roseau11.25−4.75Below flood stage
Mar 14, 2012Roseau River at Roseau10.87−5.13Below flood stage
Apr 30, 2013Roseau River at Roseau10.68−5.32Below flood stage
Apr 13, 2026Roseau River at Roseau10.47−5.53Below flood stage
Mar 16, 2015Roseau River at Roseau9.97−6.03Below flood stage
Nov 8, 2008Roseau River at Roseau9.29−6.71Below flood stage
May 2, 2025Roseau River at Roseau8.07−7.93Below flood stage

River gauges

River gauges and their highest listed crests
Roseau River at Roseau16.023.40 ftJun 12, 20024
  1. Crests are the highest and the recent crests the National Weather Service lists for each river gauge in the county that has a flood stage, not every flood. Flood categories use each gauge's current flood stages; crests from before levees, dams or channel changes may not be comparable. Crests measured on an old datum are left out of the rankings.

NOAA National Water Prediction Service gauge records, retrieved October 30, 2026.

Drought

In severe drought or worse for 176 of 1,581 months since 1895 (11%); the longest spell lasted 24 months.

176

Months in severe drought or worse since 1895

75

Months in extreme drought

11%

Share of all months, severe or worse

21

Drought reports to the Weather Service since 1996

Lowest reading

September 2012

−6.41, extreme drought

Longest severe spell

24 months

October 1938 to September 1940.

Latest month

September 2026

−2.44, moderate drought

Last severe month: August 2026.

Months in severe drought or worse, by year 1895: 0 1896: 0 1897: 0 1898: 0 1899: 0 1900: 2 1901: 0 1902: 0 1903: 0 1904: 0 1905: 0 1906: 0 1907: 0 1908: 0 1909: 0 1910: 0 1911: 1 1912: 0 1913: 0 1914: 0 1915: 0 1916: 0 1917: 0 1918: 7 1919: 0 1920: 0 1921: 0 1922: 0 1923: 0 1924: 2 1925: 0 1926: 0 1927: 0 1928: 0 1929: 1 1930: 4 1931: 0 1932: 0 1933: 6 1934: 9 1935: 0 1936: 1 1937: 0 1938: 3 1939: 12 12 1940: 9 1941: 0 1942: 0 1943: 0 1944: 0 1945: 0 1946: 0 1947: 0 1948: 0 1949: 0 1950: 0 1951: 0 1952: 9 1953: 10 1954: 9 1955: 6 1956: 0 1957: 0 1958: 0 1959: 0 1960: 0 1961: 3 1962: 0 1963: 2 1964: 3 1965: 0 1966: 0 1967: 0 1968: 0 1969: 0 1970: 0 1971: 0 1972: 0 1973: 0 1974: 0 1975: 0 1976: 3 1977: 8 1978: 0 1979: 0 1980: 5 1981: 1 1982: 0 1983: 0 1984: 0 1985: 0 1986: 0 1987: 0 1988: 12 1989: 2 1990: 4 1991: 3 1992: 0 1993: 0 1994: 0 1995: 0 1996: 0 1997: 0 1998: 0 1999: 0 2000: 0 2001: 0 2002: 0 2003: 0 2004: 0 2005: 0 2006: 3 2007: 4 2008: 0 2009: 0 2010: 0 2011: 1 2012: 9 2013: 0 2014: 0 2015: 0 2016: 0 2017: 0 2018: 0 2019: 0 2020: 0 2021: 3 2022: 0 2023: 6 2024: 4 2025: 3 18951905191519251935194519551965197519851995200520152025
Months each year with a Palmer index of −3 or lower, 1895 to 2025. Twelve means the whole year.
  1. The Palmer Drought Severity Index is computed by NOAA each month from the county's average temperature and precipitation, relative to the county's own climate. Zero is normal; -3 or lower is severe drought and -4 or lower extreme drought. It describes the long-term balance of moisture, not water supply or crop losses.

NOAA NCEI nClimDiv county Palmer Drought Severity Index, 1895 to September 2026, issued October 6, 2026.

Earthquakes

No earthquake of magnitude 2.5 or more is recorded within 50 miles of the county in the USGS catalogue, which begins in 1900.

Severe weather and other events

687 events in the National Weather Service record, 618 of them since 1996.

163

Hail reports, 1 inch or larger

19

Hail, 2 inches or larger

96

Damaging gusts, 58 mph+

107

Winter weather events since 1996

2

Heat events since 1996

85

Cold events since 1996

Largest hail

August 12, 2015

4.25 inches

Strongest measured or estimated gust

September 19, 2014

93 mph

More event types since 1996

Other Storm Events types since 1996
Lightning100Jul 20, 2011

Costliest events since 1996

  1. Jun 10, 2002Flood, Roseau$200 million
    National Weather Service narrative

    Heavy rainfall on the 9th and 10th produced a record flood on the Roseau River at Roseau. The NDAWN mesonet site near Roseau measured 4.32 inches of rain, but unofficial reports of 15 to 18 inches of rain were received. The official cooperative observer in Roseau reported 9.25 inches of rain for June and the official Warroad cooperative observer reported 13.79 inches. This caused the Roseau River to rise nearly 17 feet and reach a new record stage of 23.3 feet on the 12th. The city of Roseau struggled to protect against the rising river, but the levels got too high for the city dikes. The dikes broke, sending water throughout the city of 2500. The city retreated to try to save the…

  2. Aug 5, 2006Tornado$20.0 million
    National Weather Service narrative

    Tornado number two of a series tracked east-southeast for about 4 miles across the northern part of Warroad. The main tornado appeared to have touched down about a mile west of the Marvin Windows plant complex at the northwest corner of Warroad. The tornado grew to around 500 yards wide as it moved across the Lakeview Park and campground area. The tornado apparently lifted as it passed into Muskeg Bay of the Lake of the Woods. Peak wind speeds were estimated from 160 to 180 mph.Damage was extensive along the tornado path in Warroad. At the Marvin Windows plant, the roof was damaged and 16 semi trailers were overturned. Several of the trailers were full with new windows, which were…

  3. Apr 4, 1997Ice Storm, Roseau$2.0 million
    National Weather Service narrative

    An intense low pressure system, with center pressures around 28.8 inches, tracked from Fergus Falls to International Falls. The initial rain was accompanied by thunder and lightning in Polk county, and then changed to freezing rain as the temperature fell. One-half to one inch of ice built up on exposed surfaces. Hundreds of power poles and lines snapped due to the weight of the ice, cutting power to many homes and businesses, many of which were beginning to fight the spring flood. The wind equipment froze up on ASOS and AWOS units across northwest Minnesota, and remained frozen for 7 days. The 3 inches of liquid equivalent from the storm fell on top of a record snowpack.

  4. Apr 1, 2006Flood$1.3 million
    National Weather Service narrative

    Due to the quick snowmelt, water quickly drained into low areas, damaging around 46 different road and bridge sites around the county. The fifth highest modern-day river stage of 19.71 feet (unofficial) was recorded on the Roseau River in Roseau on April 2nd. In the city of Roseau, the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers put fill in 3 different low areas. State Highway 310 at the Canadian border was closed due to flooding. Roseau County received a Presidential Disaster Declaration for damages caused by spring flooding.

  5. Jul 20, 2011Thunderstorm Wind$700,000
    National Weather Service narrative

    Numerous large tree limbs were broken down around Greenbush. Trees were blown down on cars and roofs of homes. Power lines were also downed. Large commercial scale steel grain bins were dented or collapsed inward at the elevator complex. Smaller farm scale steel bins nearby were torn from their foundations and rolled.

  6. Sep 19, 2014Tornado$300,000
    National Weather Service narrative

    The tornado snapped or uprooted numerous trees along its path, destroyed two steel grain bins at one farmstead, and severely damaged three more at subsequent farmsteads. Steel roofing panels and doors were town off of pole sheds and flung dozens of yards. Peak winds were estimated at 100 mph.

  7. Sep 20, 2019Flash Flood$250,000
    National Weather Service narrative

    Streets, low spots, rivers, and basements were flooded by 4 to 9 inches of rain over a short duration of time. Cars that got stuck in the flood waters were abandoned where they stalled. Farm fields and access roads were also flooded.

  8. Jun 27, 1997Tornado$250,000
    National Weather Service narrative

    A tornado damaged 2 homes, several farm buildings, and 2 steel grain bins as it struck 10 miles north and 2 miles east of Greenbush. One man barely made it out of his trailer home before the tornado struck. As the tornado travelled between the 2 homes, it came close to a tractor plowing a field. A man in the tractor had glass blown into his eyes as the glass tractor cab shattered. A third home, 3 miles east and 2 miles north of Greenbush, was shifted off its foundation as the tornado passed. The tornado crossed highway 11, damaging a fourth home located 3 miles east of Greenbush, before dissipating.

  9. Jul 31, 2001Flash Flood$200,000
  10. Jul 31, 2001Flash Flood$200,000
  1. Storm Events records before 1996 cover only tornadoes, thunderstorm wind and hail. Damage figures are as reported by the National Weather Service at the time, not adjusted for inflation.

NOAA NCEI Storm Events Database, 1950 to 2026, issued October 26, 2026.

Weather records

No weather station within 40 miles has the 30 years of complete, current records this section needs.

Federal disaster declarations

26 since 1953. The most recent: Severe Storms and Flooding, July 19, 2023.

Federal disaster declarations
Jul 19, 2023FloodSevere Storms and FloodingMajor disasterDR-4722-MN
Jul 13, 2022FloodSevere Storms, Straight-Line Winds, and FloodingMajor disasterDR-4659-MN
Apr 7, 2020BiologicalCovid-19 PandemicMajor disasterDR-4531-MN
Mar 13, 2020BiologicalCovid-19EmergencyEM-3453-MN
Jun 12, 2019FloodSevere Winter Storm, Straight-Line Winds, and FloodingMajor disasterDR-4442-MN
Jul 21, 2014FloodSevere Storms, Straight-Line Winds, Flooding, Landslides, and MudslidesMajor disasterDR-4182-MN
May 10, 2011FloodSevere Storms and FloodingMajor disasterDR-1982-MN
Apr 9, 2009Severe StormSevere Storms and FloodingMajor disasterDR-1830-MN
Jun 5, 2006FloodFloodingMajor disasterDR-1648-MN
Sep 13, 2005HurricaneHurricane Katrina EvacuationEmergencyEM-3242-MN
Jun 14, 2002Severe StormSevere Storms, Flooding and TornadoesMajor disasterDR-1419-MN
May 16, 2001FloodSevere Winter Storms, Flooding, and TornadoesMajor disasterDR-1370-MN
Jun 27, 2000Severe StormSevere Storms and FloodingMajor disasterDR-1333-MN
Aug 26, 1999Severe Ice StormSevere Ice Storm and FloodingMajor disasterDR-1288-MN
Apr 8, 1997FloodSevere Flooding, High Winds,Severe StormsMajor disasterDR-1175-MN
Jan 16, 1997Severe StormSevere Winter StormsMajor disasterDR-1158-MN
Jun 1, 1996FloodFlooding and Severe StormsMajor disasterDR-1116-MN
Jun 11, 1993Severe StormSevere Storms, Tornadoes & FloodingMajor disasterDR-993-MN
Apr 30, 1979FloodSevere Storms & FloodingMajor disasterDR-582-MN
Jul 17, 1975Severe StormSevere Storms, Tornadoes & FloodingMajor disasterDR-476-MN
Jun 10, 1974FloodHeavy Rains & FloodingMajor disasterDR-440-MN
Jul 22, 1970FloodHeavy Rains & FloodingMajor disasterDR-291-MN
Apr 18, 1969FloodFloodingMajor disasterDR-255-MN
Sep 9, 1968FloodHeavy Rains & FloodingMajor disasterDR-250-MN
Mar 22, 1966FloodFloodingMajor disasterDR-215-MN
Apr 11, 1965FloodFloodingMajor disasterDR-188-MN

This product uses the Federal Emergency Management Agency's OpenFEMA API, but is not endorsed by FEMA. The Federal Government or FEMA cannot vouch for the data or analyses derived from these data after the data have been retrieved from the Agency's website(s).

OpenFEMA Disaster Declarations Summaries, retrieved October 30, 2026. Statewide declarations are not listed.

How this compares

Where Roseau County stands among 87 counties in Minnesota and 3,143 in the United States.

Ranks
Tornadoes since 19504212 / 87590 / 3,143
Tornadoes rated F3/EF3 or stronger130 / 871,281 / 3,143
Tropical cyclones within 50 mi0——
Hurricane-strength passes within 50 mi0——
Wildfire acres since 1984180,8173 / 87238 / 3,143
Flood insurance claims2799 / 87778 / 3,143
Flood insurance paid$3.4 million13 / 87915 / 3,143
Disaster declarations266 / 87672 / 3,143
Flood events since 19962552 / 872,296 / 3,143
Hail and wind events since 199634223 / 87981 / 3,143
Winter storm events since 199610770 / 87882 / 3,143
Reported damage since 1996$226 million5 / 87279 / 3,143
River crests at major flood stage426 / 87981 / 3,143
High tide flooding days a year, last 10 years0.0——
Months in severe drought since 189517622 / 87482 / 3,143
Medium or heavy smoke days a year, last 10 years38.01 / 871 / 3,143
Earthquakes M4+ within 50 mi since 19000——
Earthquakes M2.5+ in the county since 19730——

Neighbouring counties

Neighbouring counties
Beltrami County450288,2453
Kittson County340142,118247
Lake of the Woods County18012,9135
Marshall County380173,5201,405

Sources and vintage

Every number on this page comes from these public records.

  • Tornadoes NOAA Storm Prediction Center severe weather database, through 2025.
  • Tropical cyclones NOAA National Hurricane Center HURDAT2 (Atlantic; Northeast and Central Pacific), through 2025.
  • Wildfire USGS/USFS Monitoring Trends in Burn Severity, through 2026.
  • Storm events NOAA NCEI Storm Events Database, through 2026.
  • Flood insurance OpenFEMA NFIP Redacted Claims v3, refreshed August 4, 2026.
  • Declarations OpenFEMA Disaster Declarations Summaries v2, retrieved October 30, 2026.
  • Weather records NOAA NCEI Global Historical Climatology Network Daily.
  • River crests NOAA National Weather Service, National Water Prediction Service river gauges, retrieved October 30, 2026.
  • Drought NOAA NCEI nClimDiv county Palmer Drought Severity Index, through September 2026.
  • Smoke NOAA NESDIS Hazard Mapping System smoke analysis, retrieved October 30, 2026.
  • Earthquakes USGS ANSS Comprehensive Earthquake Catalog (ComCat), retrieved October 30, 2026.

Joins, thresholds and known limits are set out in the methodology. Found an error? Report it. Page built October 30, 2026.