Granite County

Population 3,658 (2025) 1,727 sq mi

Large wildfires have burned 235,284 acres of Granite County since 1984, 18th most of 56 counties in Montana; the largest was the Sawmill Complex (Wyman 2) Fire in 2007.

Hazard fingerprint for Granite County Tornado: 3th percentile. Tropical: 0th percentile. Wildfire: 87th percentile. Flood: 5th percentile. Hail & wind: 5th percentile. Heat: 4th percentile. Cold: 67th percentile. Winter: 96th percentile. TORTROPFIREFLOODSEVEREHEATCOLDWINTER

Hazard fingerprint Each spoke is this county’s percentile among U.S. counties where that hazard occurs. How it is computed

2026
  • Tornado damage paths since 19502
  • Wildfire burn scars since 198424

At a glance

The record for Granite County in eight numbers. Each links to its section below.

Acres burned since 1984

235,284

18th of 56 in Montana

24 large fires; the largest was Sawmill Complex (Wyman 2), 2007

Details

Flood insurance claims

7

32nd of 56 in Montana

$17,000 paid since 1981

Details

Tornadoes since 1950

2

41st of 56 in Montana

Fewer than the typical Montana county, which has had 6

Details

Strongest tornado

F0

August 11, 1988, 2.0 mile path

Largest earthquake within 50 mi

5.8magnitude

July 6, 2017, 24.1 miles away

Details

Federal disaster declarations

8

Most recent: Covid-19 Pandemic, 2020

Details

Record high

98°F

Reached 2 times, most recently July 13, 2002

Details

Record low

−41°F

January 13, 2024

Details

Tornadoes

About one every 38 years since 1950, none rated F3/EF3 or stronger.

Strongest

August 11, 1988

F0, 2.0 mile path

23 yards wide.

Most recent

Thursday, August 11, 1988

F0, 2.0 mile path

38 years ago.

Tornadoes by decade Doppler radar era² 1950s: 0 1960s: 0 1970s: 1 1 1980s: 1 1 1990s: 0 2000s: 0 2010s: 0 2020s: 0 1950s1960s1970s1980s1990s2000s2010s2020s
Recorded tornadoes per decade. The 2020s are incomplete.
Tornadoes by month J: 0 F: 0 M: 0 A: 0 M: 1 1 J: 0 J: 0 A: 1 S: 0 O: 0 N: 0 D: 0 JFMAMJJASOND
By month of occurrence, all years.

Every recorded tornado

Tornadoes in Granite County since 1950
Aug 11, 1988F02.02300
May 4, 1971F00.53000
  1. Injuries and deaths are for the tornado’s whole path, which may extend beyond the county. Deaths recorded within Granite County: 0.
  2. Weak tornadoes were under-recorded before Doppler radar coverage became national in the early 1990s, so earlier decades read low. Ratings use the Fujita scale before February 2007 and the Enhanced Fujita scale after.

Storm Prediction Center severe weather database, 1950 to 2025.

Hurricanes and tropical storms

No tropical storm or hurricane has tracked within 100 miles since records began in 1851.

Wildfire and smoke

235,284 acres burned in 24 large fires since 1984, equal to 21% of the land.

Largest

July 13, 2007

Sawmill Complex (Wyman 2), 68,250 acres

66,851 acres inside Granite County.

Most recent

July 21, 2023

Bowles Creek Fire

7,455 acres in total.

Acres burned since 1984, cumulative 1988: 8,5881998: 1,6952000: 32,3192003: 3,4792005: 10,3772006: 3,0032007: 66,8522009: 3,4382011: 3,2432013: 3,4492017: 91,1102020: 3,1062022: 5422023: 4,085 235,284 acres 198519901995200020052010201520202025
Running total of acres burned inside the county (line) and each year’s acres (bars).

Every large fire

Large wildfires since 1984
Bowles Creek20234,0847,455
Hog Trough20225411,799
Cinnabar20203,1053,108
Goat Creek20178,1838,186
Meyers201748,28168,734
Little Hogback201734,64634,653
Moose Meadows20133,4493,453
Copper Mountain20118071,414
Forty One Complex20113712,689
Lutz20112,3982,399
Table Mountain20093,4383,440
Sawmill Complex (Wyman 2)200766,85168,250
Packer Gulch20063,0023,005
Signal Rock200510,37712,660
Cooney Ridge20033,47925,756
Alder Creek20005,0875,090
Ryan Gulch200012,95516,455
Falls20001,2836,536
Valley Complex (Coyote)200020420,619
Middle Fork Complex (Falls Creek)20001,4641,464
Mussigbrod Complex (Mussigbrod)200068264,828
Middle Fork Complex (Cougar Creek)200010,64011,662
Gilbert Creek19981,6941,697
Combination19888,5888,587
  1. Large fires mapped by the Monitoring Trends in Burn Severity program since 1984: 1,000 acres or more in the West, 500 or more in the East. Prescribed burns are excluded. Acres here are the part of each perimeter inside this place.

Monitoring Trends in Burn Severity (USGS and U.S. Forest Service), 1984 to 2026.

Smoke overhead

Smokiest year

2024: 59 days

Heavy smoke on 35 days in 2021, the most of any year.

Last 10 years

29.0 days a year

Medium or heavy smoke, 2016 to 2025.

2025

13 days

Medium or heavy smoke. 37 so far in 2026.

Days with medium or heavy smoke overhead, by year 2011: 13 2012: 32 2013: 16 2014: 10 2015: 18 2016: 4 2017: 44 2018: 29 2019: 2 2020: 25 2021: 57 2022: 30 2023: 27 2024: 59 59 2025: 13 201120122013201420152016201720182019202020212022202320242025
Days each year on which a satellite-traced plume of medium or heavy smoke covered the county’s population centre, 2011 to 2025.
  1. A smoke day is a date on which a smoke plume traced by NOAA Hazard Mapping System analysts from satellite imagery covered this place's point (the county's population centre or the city centre). Counts here are of medium or heavy smoke. Since 2018 analysts have often drawn light smoke as one area over most of the continent, so light-smoke counts are not comparable from year to year. The plumes show smoke anywhere in the air above, not air quality at the ground, and smoke hidden by cloud is missed.

NOAA Hazard Mapping System smoke analysis, 2011 to 2026, retrieved October 30, 2026.

Floods and flood insurance

7 federal flood insurance claims since 1981, with $17,000 paid.

Federal flood insurance claims by year
Claims per year since 1981. Years with fewer than five claims are not shown.

Flood events since 1996

  • Flood6
  • Flash Flood3
  • Heavy Rain2

This product uses the Federal Emergency Management Agency's OpenFEMA API, but is not endorsed by FEMA. The Federal Government or FEMA cannot vouch for the data or analyses derived from these data after the data have been retrieved from the Agency's website(s).

OpenFEMA NFIP Redacted Claims v3, refreshed August 4, 2026. NOAA Storm Events through 2026.

River crests

Most severe crest

February 9, 1996

Clark Fork River near Drummond, 10.03 ft

2.03 feet above the 8.0 ft flood stage; moderate flooding by today’s categories.

Most recent moderate or major crest

February 9, 1996

Clark Fork River near Drummond, 10.03 ft

Moderate flooding.

Highest river crests above flood stage
Feb 9, 1996Clark Fork River near Drummond10.03+2.03Moderate
Jun 11, 2011Clark Fork River near Drummond9.79+1.79Minor
Jun 21, 2018Clark Fork River near Drummond8.76+0.76Minor
Jun 14, 2017Clark Fork River near Drummond8.39+0.39Minor
Mar 14, 2003Clark Fork River near Drummond7.71−0.29Action
Jun 18, 2010Clark Fork River near Drummond7.67−0.33Action
Feb 1, 1995Clark Fork River near Drummond7.55−0.45Action
Jun 27, 1998Clark Fork River near Drummond7.34−0.66Action
May 22, 2020Clark Fork River near Drummond7.01−0.99Action
Jun 17, 1993Clark Fork River near Drummond5.26−2.74Below flood stage
Apr 25, 1994Clark Fork River near Drummond5.15−2.85Below flood stage
May 19, 2025Clark Fork River near Drummond4.00−4.00Below flood stage

River gauges

River gauges and their highest listed crests
Clark Fork River near Drummond8.010.03 ftFeb 9, 19960
  1. Crests are the highest and the recent crests the National Weather Service lists for each river gauge in the county that has a flood stage, not every flood. Flood categories use each gauge's current flood stages; crests from before levees, dams or channel changes may not be comparable. Crests measured on an old datum are left out of the rankings.

NOAA National Water Prediction Service gauge records, retrieved October 30, 2026.

Drought

In severe drought or worse for 186 of 1,581 months since 1895 (12%); the longest spell lasted 22 months.

186

Months in severe drought or worse since 1895

74

Months in extreme drought

12%

Share of all months, severe or worse

Lowest reading

March 1905

−6.59, extreme drought

Longest severe spell

22 months

December 2023 to September 2025.

Latest month

September 2026

+1.45, slightly wet

Last severe month: September 2025.

Months in severe drought or worse, by year 1895: 0 1896: 0 1897: 0 1898: 0 1899: 1 1900: 0 1901: 0 1902: 0 1903: 0 1904: 4 1905: 12 12 1906: 4 1907: 0 1908: 0 1909: 0 1910: 2 1911: 0 1912: 0 1913: 0 1914: 0 1915: 2 1916: 0 1917: 0 1918: 0 1919: 4 1920: 0 1921: 0 1922: 0 1923: 0 1924: 1 1925: 0 1926: 0 1927: 0 1928: 0 1929: 1 1930: 0 1931: 10 1932: 8 1933: 0 1934: 2 1935: 4 1936: 11 1937: 12 1938: 1 1939: 0 1940: 1 1941: 4 1942: 0 1943: 0 1944: 0 1945: 0 1946: 5 1947: 0 1948: 0 1949: 0 1950: 0 1951: 0 1952: 0 1953: 2 1954: 1 1955: 2 1956: 0 1957: 0 1958: 0 1959: 0 1960: 1 1961: 10 1962: 0 1963: 0 1964: 0 1965: 0 1966: 0 1967: 0 1968: 0 1969: 0 1970: 0 1971: 0 1972: 0 1973: 2 1974: 0 1975: 0 1976: 0 1977: 2 1978: 0 1979: 4 1980: 2 1981: 0 1982: 0 1983: 0 1984: 0 1985: 0 1986: 0 1987: 0 1988: 5 1989: 0 1990: 0 1991: 0 1992: 0 1993: 0 1994: 0 1995: 0 1996: 0 1997: 0 1998: 0 1999: 0 2000: 4 2001: 4 2002: 0 2003: 0 2004: 2 2005: 0 2006: 0 2007: 0 2008: 0 2009: 0 2010: 0 2011: 0 2012: 0 2013: 1 2014: 1 2015: 7 2016: 11 2017: 1 2018: 0 2019: 0 2020: 0 2021: 4 2022: 7 2023: 3 2024: 12 2025: 9 18951905191519251935194519551965197519851995200520152025
Months each year with a Palmer index of −3 or lower, 1895 to 2025. Twelve means the whole year.
  1. The Palmer Drought Severity Index is computed by NOAA each month from the county's average temperature and precipitation, relative to the county's own climate. Zero is normal; -3 or lower is severe drought and -4 or lower extreme drought. It describes the long-term balance of moisture, not water supply or crop losses.

NOAA NCEI nClimDiv county Palmer Drought Severity Index, 1895 to September 2026, issued October 6, 2026.

Earthquakes

14 earthquakes of magnitude 4 or more within 50 miles since 1900; the largest was magnitude 5.8 in 2017.

13

Magnitude 2.5+ inside the county since 1973

177

Magnitude 3+ within 50 miles since 1973

14

Magnitude 4+ within 50 miles since 1900

3

Magnitude 5+ within 50 miles since 1900

Largest within 50 miles

July 6, 2017

Magnitude 5.8

11 km SE of Lincoln, Montana; 24.1 miles away, 7.6 miles deep.

Most recent, magnitude 3 or more

October 4, 2026

Magnitude 3.1

12 km N of Ovando, Montana; 22.2 miles away.

Earthquakes of magnitude 3 or more within 50 miles, by year 1973: 0 1974: 0 1975: 3 1976: 1 1977: 2 1978: 9 1979: 2 1980: 3 1981: 1 1982: 3 1983: 2 1984: 0 1985: 3 1986: 7 1987: 3 1988: 4 1989: 2 1990: 4 1991: 3 1992: 2 1993: 4 1994: 0 1995: 2 1996: 2 1997: 2 1998: 1 1999: 1 2000: 1 2001: 0 2002: 2 2003: 2 2004: 2 2005: 2 2006: 0 2007: 1 2008: 0 2009: 2 2010: 1 2011: 3 2012: 3 2013: 1 2014: 4 2015: 2 2016: 1 2017: 49 49 2018: 7 2019: 6 2020: 3 2021: 5 2022: 4 2023: 0 2024: 3 2025: 4 19731978198319881993199820032008201320182023
Per year, 1973 to 2025.

Every earthquake of magnitude 4 or more within 50 miles

Earthquakes of magnitude 4 or more within 50 miles
Jul 17, 20174.025.87.812 km ESE of Lincoln, Montana
Jul 6, 20174.424.86.014 km SE of Lincoln, Montana
Jul 6, 20174.022.25.714 km SSE of Lincoln, Montana
Jul 6, 20175.018.59.215 km S of Lincoln, Montana
Jul 6, 20175.824.17.611 km SE of Lincoln, Montana
Jan 30, 20164.332.61.019 km E of Lincoln, Montana
Jul 19, 20024.042.815.343 km NE of Seeley Lake, Montana
Jun 28, 20004.0Inside6.121 km SE of Clinton, Montana
Apr 1, 19854.830.86.221 km ENE of Seeley Lake, Montana
Mar 10, 19804.032.63.115 km NNE of Seeley Lake, Montana
Nov 10, 19784.312.63.115 km W of Ovando, Montana
Apr 23, 19784.59.33.112 km WSW of Ovando, Montana
May 28, 19584.415.7—14 km W of Garrison, Montana
Apr 19, 19105.430.0—Near Butte, Montana
  1. Earthquakes of magnitude 2.5 or more in the USGS Comprehensive Catalog since 1900. Within 50 miles means the epicentre lies within 50 miles of the county boundary (or inside the county).
  2. Small earthquakes were under-recorded before the modern seismic networks of the 1970s and are still missed in remote areas, so early decades read low. Magnitudes are as the catalogue reports them and mix scales (moment, local and body-wave).

USGS ANSS Comprehensive Earthquake Catalog, 1900 to present, retrieved October 30, 2026.

Severe weather and other events

477 events in the National Weather Service record, 467 of them since 1996.

18

Hail reports, 1 inch or larger

2

Hail, 2 inches or larger

12

Damaging gusts, 58 mph+

367

Winter weather events since 1996

1

Heat events since 1996

17

Cold events since 1996

Largest hail

July 21, 2021

2.00 inches

Strongest measured or estimated gust

September 15, 1997

69 mph

More event types since 1996

Other Storm Events types since 1996
Dust storms and dust devils118Sep 9, 2000
Debris flows200Jul 17, 2026
Avalanches221Mar 10, 2014

Costliest events since 1996

  1. Dec 29, 2004Heavy Snow, Butte / Pintlar Region$85,000
    National Weather Service narrative

    Heavy snow event across southwest Montana brought snow amounts ranging from 5 to 8 inches in the valleys to a foot over higher mountains. The city of Anaconda received a record breaking 5.9 inches for December 30th. The previous record was 5 inches set in 1977. The Montana Highway Patrol reported several severe accidents while at least 20 cars slid off roads from snow packed and icy roads. A truck driver totaled his $85,000 truck when he struck a vehicle in front of him who lost control and slowed down. His truck skidded sideways and rolled into a ditch.

  2. Jun 13, 2017Flood$50,000
    National Weather Service narrative

    Granite county saw widespread impacts from the heavy rain. Philipsburg, MT received 3.28 inches of rain in 24 hours from noon 6/12 through noon 6/13. A public report from Georgetown Lake, MT had a measured 3.7 inches of rain over the 2-day event. Fred Burr Creek was particularly hard hit, with private driveway bridges being washed out, thus stranding a couple residents. Many of these same residents had basement flooding as well. USGS stream gauges on Boulder Creek near Maxville recorded 1410 cfs; 1000 cfs begins to cause road flooding issues, and this was much above this impact level. Rock Creek and Flint Creek both saw extremely rapid and high flows, with water spilling into…

  3. Dec 17, 2025High Wind, Bitterroot / Sapphire Mountains$15,000
    National Weather Service narrative

    Extreme winds battered the higher elevations, with a weather station atop Mount Sentinel (5,026 feet) serving as a proxy for the surrounding peaks. This station recorded a sustained wind of 76 mph and a staggering peak gust of 99 mph from the west-northwest at 0900MST, with gusts consistently exceeding 70 to 90 mph throughout the morning and into the afternoon. Along Highway 12 between Lolo and Lolo Pass, the Montana Department of Transportation warned motorists to limit travel as strong winds blew trees, debris, and rocks onto the roadway around 0820MST west of milepost 32.6. Widespread power outages were reported throughout the area, including significant disruptions up Petty…

  4. Jul 4, 2008Hail$12,000
    National Weather Service narrative

    State employee 14 miles south of Philipsburg near Georgetown Lake reported 1.75 inch hail.

  5. Nov 15, 2021High Wind, Bitterroot / Sapphire Mountains$7,000
    National Weather Service narrative

    There was a report of roof damage and blown over trees near Skalkaho Pass.

  6. Aug 9, 2013Flash Flood$5,000
    National Weather Service narrative

    A slow moving wet thunderstorm dumped at least 1 of rainfall in one hour just southeast of Drummond. A rancher experienced a 5 foot wall of fast moving water that moved down their driveway. The fast flowing water laden with pea-sized hail and mud severely damaged grain & alfalfa crops, irrigation sprinklers and a fence. They said it was the worst flooding in at least 20 years.

  7. Aug 15, 2024Strong Wind, Bitterroot / Sapphire Mountains$4,000
    National Weather Service narrative

    The Sheriff's Office reported downed powerlines over the Eastside Highway south of Stevensville. There were 113 people reported without power. Strong winds knocked over a camper and truck camper 8 miles east of Florence.

  8. Jan 10, 2012Winter Weather, Bitterroot / Sapphire Mountains$3,000
    National Weather Service narrative

    An accident involving three semi trucks occurred on Highway 12, 13 miles west of Lolo, after light freezing rain fell in the area. This caused a short closure of Highway 12.

  9. Jun 24, 2016Strong Wind, Bitterroot / Sapphire Mountains$3,000
    National Weather Service narrative

    The Deer Mountain RAWS reported a max wind gust of 50 mph between 12:06pm MST and 1:06 MST. Other locations above the valley floor gusted in the 40 to 50 mph range, including the Little Rock Creek RAWS with 45 mph gusts.

  10. Jan 13, 2021High Wind, Bitterroot / Sapphire Mountains$2,000
    National Weather Service narrative

    Volunteer groomers for the Chief Joseph cross country trails had to clear an estimated 100 downed trees. They remarked that there was a tree down almost every 100 yards. The U.S. Forest Service reported that a couple of their radio repeaters were blown down in the Bitterroot Mountains. The Little Rock Creek RAWS located at 5500 feet, just south of Lake Como, reported a peak wind of 58 mph. A wind sensor on top of Mount Sentinel (north end of the Sapphire Mountains) recorded a peak wind speed of 125 mph at 10:45 am MST.

  1. Storm Events records before 1996 cover only tornadoes, thunderstorm wind and hail. Damage figures are as reported by the National Weather Service at the time, not adjusted for inflation.

NOAA NCEI Storm Events Database, 1950 to 2026, issued October 26, 2026.

Weather records

From Philipsburg Rs, 9 miles from the county’s population centre, with records from 1955.

All-time high
98°F2 times, most recently Jul 13, 2002
All-time low
−41°FJan 13, 2024
Warmest night
66°FJul 17, 1996
Coldest day
−23°FFeb 2, 1989
Wettest day
3.45 inJun 13, 2017
Snowiest day
20.0 inApr 26, 1975
Hottest year
1988mean 45.2°F
Coldest year
1975mean 38.8°F
Wettest year
197524.30 in
Driest year
19798.41 in
Snowiest season
88.7 in1966-67
Average monthly high and low temperature and precipitation, last 30 years, Philipsburg Rs 32°F 36° 15° 0.4 Jan 37° 15° 0.4 Feb 46° 21° 0.6 Mar 54° 26° 0.9 Apr 63° 32° 1.4 May 71° 39° 1.9 Jun 82° 43° 0.7 Jul 81° 42° 0.9 Aug 71° 36° 0.7 Sep 57° 28° 0.7 Oct 43° 21° 0.7 Nov 35° 15° 0.4 Dec Precipitation, inches
Average daily high and low by month, and average monthly precipitation, over the last 30 years.
Nights at or below freezing per year 1975: 236 236 1976: 214 1977: 204 1978: 218 1979: 207 1980: 209 1981: 208 1984: 210 1985: 215 1986: 188 1987: 200 1988: 177 1989: 192 1990: 188 1991: 204 1992: 214 1993: 206 1995: 196 2005: 219 2006: 214 2007: 211 2008: 230 2009: 226 2010: 232 2011: 210 2012: 223 2013: 214 2014: 214 2015: 201 2018: 200 2024: 221 1975198720072024
Nights at or below freezing each complete year, last 50 years. Thirty-year average: 215.1.
Snowfall by winter 1975: 42.5 in 1977: 46.0 in 46.0 1991: 25.6 in 1992: 43.3 in 1993: 42.0 in 1995: 0.0 in 2000: 4.4 in 2006: 0.0 in 2008: 0.0 in 2009: 23.1 in 2021: 44.5 in 19752021
Total snowfall each winter (July to June), last 50 winters.

Median first snow

November 4

Earliest: August 23, 1992

Median last snow

April 28

Latest: May 22, 2022

3 of 21 winters had no measurable snow.

Station Philipsburg Rs (USC00246472), 5,270 ft elevation, 9.0 miles from the population centre. Daily records from 1955 to October 26, 2026; 87.1% of days in the last 30 years are complete. Records at a single station can differ from a city’s official threaded record, which may combine several stations.

NOAA NCEI Global Historical Climatology Network Daily.

Federal disaster declarations

8 since 1953. The most recent: Covid-19 Pandemic, March 31, 2020.

Federal disaster declarations
Mar 31, 2020BiologicalCovid-19 PandemicMajor disasterDR-4508-MT
Mar 13, 2020BiologicalCovid-19EmergencyEM-3476-MT
Jun 17, 2011Severe StormSevere Storms and FloodingMajor disasterDR-1996-MT
Sep 13, 2005HurricaneHurricane Katrina EvacuationEmergencyEM-3253-MT
Aug 30, 2000FireWildfiresMajor disasterDR-1340-MT
Aug 5, 2000FireMt-Southwestern Zone Two Fire ComplexFire managementFM-2317-MT
Mar 15, 1986FloodHeavy Rains, Landslides & FloodingMajor disasterDR-761-MT
May 27, 1981FloodSevere Storms & FloodingMajor disasterDR-640-MT

This product uses the Federal Emergency Management Agency's OpenFEMA API, but is not endorsed by FEMA. The Federal Government or FEMA cannot vouch for the data or analyses derived from these data after the data have been retrieved from the Agency's website(s).

OpenFEMA Disaster Declarations Summaries, retrieved October 30, 2026. Statewide declarations are not listed.

How this compares

Where Granite County stands among 56 counties in Montana and 3,143 in the United States.

Ranks
Tornadoes since 1950241 / 562,866 / 3,143
Tornadoes rated F3/EF3 or stronger0——
Tropical cyclones within 50 mi0——
Hurricane-strength passes within 50 mi0——
Wildfire acres since 1984235,28418 / 56194 / 3,143
Flood insurance claims732 / 562,449 / 3,143
Flood insurance paid$17,00035 / 562,653 / 3,143
Disaster declarations843 / 562,925 / 3,143
Flood events since 19961149 / 562,869 / 3,143
Hail and wind events since 19966653 / 562,944 / 3,143
Winter storm events since 19963679 / 56118 / 3,143
Reported damage since 1996$189,00047 / 563,084 / 3,143
River crests at major flood stage0——
High tide flooding days a year, last 10 years0.0——
Months in severe drought since 189518618 / 56395 / 3,143
Medium or heavy smoke days a year, last 10 years29.029 / 56278 / 3,143
Earthquakes M4+ within 50 mi since 19001422 / 56332 / 3,143
Earthquakes M2.5+ in the county since 19731313 / 56314 / 3,143

Neighbouring counties

Neighbouring counties
Deer Lodge County109859
Missoula County20275,851172
Powell County20337,41418
Ravalli County30527,92836

Sources and vintage

Every number on this page comes from these public records.

  • Tornadoes NOAA Storm Prediction Center severe weather database, through 2025.
  • Tropical cyclones NOAA National Hurricane Center HURDAT2 (Atlantic; Northeast and Central Pacific), through 2025.
  • Wildfire USGS/USFS Monitoring Trends in Burn Severity, through 2026.
  • Storm events NOAA NCEI Storm Events Database, through 2026.
  • Flood insurance OpenFEMA NFIP Redacted Claims v3, refreshed August 4, 2026.
  • Declarations OpenFEMA Disaster Declarations Summaries v2, retrieved October 30, 2026.
  • Weather records NOAA NCEI Global Historical Climatology Network Daily, station USC00246472.
  • River crests NOAA National Weather Service, National Water Prediction Service river gauges, retrieved October 30, 2026.
  • Drought NOAA NCEI nClimDiv county Palmer Drought Severity Index, through September 2026.
  • Smoke NOAA NESDIS Hazard Mapping System smoke analysis, retrieved October 30, 2026.
  • Earthquakes USGS ANSS Comprehensive Earthquake Catalog (ComCat), retrieved October 30, 2026.

Joins, thresholds and known limits are set out in the methodology. Found an error? Report it. Page built October 30, 2026.