Dundy County

Population 1,568 (2025) 920 sq mi

Dundy County has recorded 36 tornadoes since 1950, 43rd most of 93 counties in Nebraska; the most recent was on May 18, 2025.

Hazard fingerprint for Dundy County Tornado: 51th percentile. Tropical: 0th percentile. Wildfire: 35th percentile. Flood: 16th percentile. Hail & wind: 68th percentile. Heat: 0th percentile. Cold: 59th percentile. Winter: 51th percentile. TORTROPFIREFLOODSEVEREHEATCOLDWINTER

Hazard fingerprint Each spoke is this county’s percentile among U.S. counties where that hazard occurs. How it is computed

2026
  • Tornado damage paths since 195036
  • Wildfire burn scars since 19842

At a glance

The record for Dundy County in eight numbers. Each links to its section below.

Tornadoes since 1950

36

43rd of 93 in Nebraska

About as many as the typical Nebraska county

Details

Acres burned since 1984

5,733

27th of 93 in Nebraska

2 large fires; the largest was Unnamed, 1997

Details

Flood insurance claims

1

63rd of 93 in Nebraska

$3,019 paid since 1984

Details

Strongest tornado

F3

June 6, 1967, 40.1 mile path

Federal disaster declarations

12

Most recent: Severe Storms, Straight-Line Winds, Tornadoes, and Flooding, 2024

Details

Record high

111°F

Reached 2 times, most recently August 2, 2008

Details

Record low

−27°F

February 15, 2021

Details

Snowiest season

56.1in

Winter of 1959-60

Tornadoes

About one every 2.1 years since 1950, 2 of them rated F3/EF3 or stronger.

Strongest

June 6, 1967

F3, 40.1 mile path

10 yards wide.

Most recent

Sunday, May 18, 2025

EFU, 0.1 mile path

Within the past year.

Tornadoes by decade Doppler radar era² 1950s: 2 2 1960s: 2 2 1970s: 4 4 1980s: 5 5 1990s: 5 5 2000s: 4 4 2010s: 5 5 2020s: 9 9 1950s1960s1970s1980s1990s2000s2010s2020s
Recorded tornadoes per decade. The 2020s are incomplete.
Tornadoes by month J: 0 F: 0 M: 2 A: 1 M: 17 17 J: 9 J: 2 A: 4 S: 1 O: 0 N: 0 D: 0 JFMAMJJASOND
By month of occurrence, all years.

Every recorded tornado

Tornadoes in Dundy County since 1950
May 18, 2025EFU0.15000
May 11, 2023EFU3.07500
Jun 24, 2022EFU2.15000
May 26, 2021EFU4.430000
May 26, 2021EFU0.15000
May 26, 2021EF28.357500
May 26, 2021EF01.935000
May 26, 2021EFU1.65000
Jun 4, 2020EFU0.83000
Aug 11, 2019EFU0.05000
Apr 8, 2013EF10.87500
Jun 19, 2011EF01.95000
Jun 19, 2011EF01.55000
May 16, 2010EF00.21000
Mar 28, 2007EF112.044000
May 11, 2005F00.32500
May 11, 2005F00.32500
Aug 26, 2002F00.32500
Aug 21, 1997F10.35000
Aug 4, 1996F10.52000
May 22, 1996F01.05000
Mar 8, 1992F00.52300
Jun 3, 1991F00.12300
Sep 2, 1985F10.23000
Jun 11, 1984F21.03000
Jun 12, 1983F00.11000
Jul 9, 1982F10.83000
May 4, 1982F00.12000
May 26, 1978F11.01000
May 30, 1971F00.11000
May 30, 1971F022.31000
May 30, 1971F00.11000
Jun 6, 1967F340.11010
May 14, 1962F10.11000
Jul 7, 1957F234.21010
Jun 5, 1953F39.81000
  1. Injuries and deaths are for the tornado’s whole path, which may extend beyond the county. Deaths recorded within Dundy County: 0.
  2. Weak tornadoes were under-recorded before Doppler radar coverage became national in the early 1990s, so earlier decades read low. Ratings use the Fujita scale before February 2007 and the Enhanced Fujita scale after.

Storm Prediction Center severe weather database, 1950 to 2025.

Hurricanes and tropical storms

No tropical storm or hurricane has tracked within 100 miles since records began in 1851.

Wildfire and smoke

5,733 acres burned in 2 large fires since 1984, equal to 1.0% of the land.

Largest

March 31, 1997

Unnamed Fire, 4,775 acres

4,776 acres inside Dundy County.

Most recent

July 31, 2024

Rock Creek Fire

933 acres in total.

Acres burned since 1984, cumulative 1997: 4,7772024: 956 5,733 acres 198519901995200020052010201520202025
Running total of acres burned inside the county (line) and each year’s acres (bars).

Every large fire

Large wildfires since 1984
Rock Creek2024956933
Unnamed19974,7764,775
  1. Large fires mapped by the Monitoring Trends in Burn Severity program since 1984: 1,000 acres or more in the West, 500 or more in the East. Prescribed burns are excluded. Acres here are the part of each perimeter inside this place.

Monitoring Trends in Burn Severity (USGS and U.S. Forest Service), 1984 to 2026.

Smoke overhead

Smokiest year

2021: 54 days

Heavy smoke on 23 days in 2021, the most of any year.

Last 10 years

22.8 days a year

Medium or heavy smoke, 2016 to 2025.

2025

18 days

Medium or heavy smoke. 27 so far in 2026.

Days with medium or heavy smoke overhead, by year 2011: 15 2012: 21 2013: 16 2014: 3 2015: 8 2016: 5 2017: 14 2018: 22 2019: 4 2020: 42 2021: 54 54 2022: 17 2023: 25 2024: 27 2025: 18 201120122013201420152016201720182019202020212022202320242025
Days each year on which a satellite-traced plume of medium or heavy smoke covered the county’s population centre, 2011 to 2025.
  1. A smoke day is a date on which a smoke plume traced by NOAA Hazard Mapping System analysts from satellite imagery covered this place's point (the county's population centre or the city centre). Counts here are of medium or heavy smoke. Since 2018 analysts have often drawn light smoke as one area over most of the continent, so light-smoke counts are not comparable from year to year. The plumes show smoke anywhere in the air above, not air quality at the ground, and smoke hidden by cloud is missed.

NOAA Hazard Mapping System smoke analysis, 2011 to 2026, retrieved October 30, 2026.

Floods and flood insurance

1 federal flood insurance claims since 1984, with $3,019 paid.

Federal flood insurance claims by year
Claims per year since 1984. Years with fewer than five claims are not shown.

Flood events since 1996

  • Flash Flood13
  • Flood6
  • Heavy Rain1

This product uses the Federal Emergency Management Agency's OpenFEMA API, but is not endorsed by FEMA. The Federal Government or FEMA cannot vouch for the data or analyses derived from these data after the data have been retrieved from the Agency's website(s).

OpenFEMA NFIP Redacted Claims v3, refreshed August 4, 2026. NOAA Storm Events through 2026.

River crests

Most severe crest

May 31, 1935

Republican River near Benkelman, 13.10 ft

6.10 feet above the 7.0 ft flood stage; major flooding by today’s categories.

Most recent moderate or major crest

July 24, 2020

Republican River near Benkelman, 9.35 ft

Moderate flooding.

Highest river crests above flood stage
May 31, 1935Republican River near Benkelman13.10+6.10Major
Jul 24, 2020Republican River near Benkelman9.35+2.35Moderate
Apr 28, 1947North Fork Republican River at 8WNW Haigler, Nebraska5.92+0.92Minor
Aug 9, 1950Republican River near Benkelman7.80+0.80Minor
Sep 3, 1940North Fork Republican River at 8WNW Haigler, Nebraska5.72+0.72Minor
Jul 24, 2020S. Fork Republican River near Benkelman9.64+0.64Minor
Sep 7, 1951Republican River near Benkelman7.58+0.58Minor
Jun 15, 1948Republican River near Benkelman7.44+0.44Minor
Jul 31, 1962North Fork Republican River at 8WNW Haigler, Nebraska5.43+0.43Minor
May 30, 1982North Fork Republican River at 8WNW Haigler, Nebraska4.98−0.02Action
May 18, 2023Republican River near Benkelman6.91−0.09Action
Apr 28, 1947Republican River near Benkelman6.80−0.20Action
Aug 12, 1992North Fork Republican River at 8WNW Haigler, Nebraska4.74−0.26Action
Aug 27, 1968North Fork Republican River at 8WNW Haigler, Nebraska4.64−0.36Action
May 15, 1951North Fork Republican River at 8WNW Haigler, Nebraska4.62−0.38Action
Jul 31, 1962Republican River near Benkelman6.61−0.39Action
May 30, 1938North Fork Republican River at 8WNW Haigler, Nebraska4.54−0.46Action
Apr 1, 1931North Fork Republican River at 8WNW Haigler, Nebraska4.31−0.69Action
Jun 15, 1955Republican River near Benkelman6.30−0.70Action
May 2, 1958North Fork Republican River at 8WNW Haigler, Nebraska4.30−0.70Action
Jun 27, 1992Republican River near Benkelman6.25−0.75Action
Aug 17, 1956Republican River near Benkelman6.21−0.79Action
Aug 16, 1958Republican River near Benkelman6.15−0.85Action
Jul 5, 1965Rock Creek at Parks, NE6.00−1.00Action
Jun 15, 1934North Fork Republican River at 8WNW Haigler, Nebraska4.00−1.00Action

River gauges

River gauges and their highest listed crests
Arikaree River at Haigler12.010.87 ftJul 24, 20200
Buffalo Creek near Haigler11.06.45 ftJul 23, 20200
North Fork Republican River at 8WNW Haigler, Nebraska5.05.92 ftApr 28, 19470
Republican River near Benkelman7.013.10 ftMay 31, 19351
Rock Creek at Parks, NE7.06.00 ftJul 5, 19650
S. Fork Republican River near Benkelman9.09.64 ftJul 24, 20200
  1. Crests are the highest and the recent crests the National Weather Service lists for each river gauge in the county that has a flood stage, not every flood. Flood categories use each gauge's current flood stages; crests from before levees, dams or channel changes may not be comparable. Crests measured on an old datum are left out of the rankings.

NOAA National Water Prediction Service gauge records, retrieved October 30, 2026.

Drought

In severe drought or worse for 152 of 1,581 months since 1895 (10%); the longest spell lasted 31 months.

152

Months in severe drought or worse since 1895

53

Months in extreme drought

10%

Share of all months, severe or worse

64

Drought reports to the Weather Service since 1996

Lowest reading

August 1955

−6.26, extreme drought

Longest severe spell

31 months

April 1954 to October 1956.

Latest month

September 2026

−3.83, severe drought

Months in severe drought or worse, by year 1895: 0 1896: 0 1897: 0 1898: 0 1899: 0 1900: 0 1901: 0 1902: 0 1903: 0 1904: 0 1905: 0 1906: 0 1907: 0 1908: 0 1909: 0 1910: 1 1911: 4 1912: 0 1913: 0 1914: 0 1915: 0 1916: 0 1917: 0 1918: 0 1919: 0 1920: 0 1921: 0 1922: 0 1923: 0 1924: 0 1925: 0 1926: 0 1927: 0 1928: 0 1929: 0 1930: 0 1931: 0 1932: 0 1933: 2 1934: 6 1935: 4 1936: 0 1937: 7 1938: 1 1939: 5 1940: 9 1941: 0 1942: 0 1943: 0 1944: 0 1945: 0 1946: 0 1947: 0 1948: 0 1949: 0 1950: 0 1951: 0 1952: 0 1953: 2 1954: 9 1955: 12 12 1956: 10 1957: 0 1958: 0 1959: 0 1960: 0 1961: 0 1962: 0 1963: 0 1964: 0 1965: 1 1966: 0 1967: 0 1968: 4 1969: 0 1970: 0 1971: 0 1972: 0 1973: 0 1974: 0 1975: 0 1976: 5 1977: 2 1978: 2 1979: 0 1980: 0 1981: 0 1982: 0 1983: 0 1984: 0 1985: 0 1986: 0 1987: 0 1988: 0 1989: 0 1990: 0 1991: 0 1992: 0 1993: 0 1994: 0 1995: 0 1996: 0 1997: 0 1998: 0 1999: 0 2000: 3 2001: 0 2002: 8 2003: 7 2004: 4 2005: 0 2006: 3 2007: 0 2008: 0 2009: 0 2010: 0 2011: 0 2012: 7 2013: 4 2014: 0 2015: 0 2016: 0 2017: 0 2018: 0 2019: 0 2020: 6 2021: 6 2022: 11 2023: 0 2024: 0 2025: 0 18951905191519251935194519551965197519851995200520152025
Months each year with a Palmer index of −3 or lower, 1895 to 2025. Twelve means the whole year.
  1. The Palmer Drought Severity Index is computed by NOAA each month from the county's average temperature and precipitation, relative to the county's own climate. Zero is normal; -3 or lower is severe drought and -4 or lower extreme drought. It describes the long-term balance of moisture, not water supply or crop losses.

NOAA NCEI nClimDiv county Palmer Drought Severity Index, 1895 to September 2026, issued October 6, 2026.

Earthquakes

2 earthquakes of magnitude 2.5 or more within 50 miles since 1979; none reached magnitude 4.

0

Magnitude 2.5+ inside the county since 1973

1

Magnitude 3+ within 50 miles since 1973

0

Magnitude 4+ within 50 miles since 1900

0

Magnitude 5+ within 50 miles since 1900

Largest within 50 miles

April 16, 2007

Magnitude 3.0

11 km WSW of Maywood, Nebraska; 35.1 miles away, 3.1 miles deep.

Most recent, magnitude 3 or more

April 16, 2007

Magnitude 3.0

11 km WSW of Maywood, Nebraska; 35.1 miles away.

  1. Earthquakes of magnitude 2.5 or more in the USGS Comprehensive Catalog since 1900. Within 50 miles means the epicentre lies within 50 miles of the county boundary (or inside the county).
  2. Small earthquakes were under-recorded before the modern seismic networks of the 1970s and are still missed in remote areas, so early decades read low. Magnitudes are as the catalogue reports them and mix scales (moment, local and body-wave).

USGS ANSS Comprehensive Earthquake Catalog, 1900 to present, retrieved October 30, 2026.

Severe weather and other events

781 events in the National Weather Service record, 715 of them since 1996.

227

Hail reports, 1 inch or larger

47

Hail, 2 inches or larger

149

Damaging gusts, 58 mph+

69

Winter weather events since 1996

0

Heat events since 1996

13

Cold events since 1996

Largest hail

July 20, 2009

4.25 inches

Strongest measured or estimated gust

June 28, 2023

120 mph

More event types since 1996

Other Storm Events types since 1996
Dust storms and dust devils700Jun 2, 2025

Costliest events since 1996

  1. Mar 28, 2007Tornado$460,000
    National Weather Service narrative

    Tornado moved into county from northern Cheyenne county, Kansas 3 miles SE of Benkelman, and dissipated 8 miles NNE of Benkelman. Total path length of the tornado was 15 miles, with 12 of those miles being in Dundy county. Three homes were affected by the tornado east of Benkelman, with one home north of Hwy 34 losing its roof and suffering significant property damage, including loss of a barn and other outbuildings. Other homes south of Hwy 34, just north of the golf course experienced damage, including loss of a garage and carport at one location, and garage and grain bins destroyed at another. The golf course experienced significant tree damage as well.

  2. Apr 8, 2013Tornado$250,000
    National Weather Service narrative

    Report was first relayed to NWS from local newspaper, and later followed up with a storm survey. Extensive damage to one farm and feed yard. Several large outbuildings were destroyed, utility poles/fences were broken, a trailer was overturned and rolled. Farm implements were moved. At least two cows were put down due to injuries from the storm.

  3. Apr 14, 2011Blizzard, Dundy$160,000
    National Weather Service narrative

    Four to seven inches of snow was reported across the county by cooperative and CoCoRaHS observers. Strong winds resulted in blizzard conditions with road closures and power outages common. Thirty-five utility poles were damaged or broken during the event.

  4. Jul 23, 2020Flash Flood$100,000
    National Weather Service narrative

    Multiple roads across the flooded part of the county were washed out. Notable road closures include Highway 34 closed from Benkelman to Highway 385 at Wray, River Road closed from Parks to Doane, and Avenue 328 closed due to four feet of water over the road. The flood waters also washed out part of the railroad between Parks and Haigler, stranding the train in Haigler. The Republican River at Benkelman reached a peak height of almost nine and a half feet. The record stage height is just over 13 feet.||Total damage for this event (both flash flood and flood) totaled between $100,000 and $108,000.

  5. Jul 23, 2020Flood$100,000
    National Weather Service narrative

    Multiple roads across the flooded part of the county were washed out. Notable road closures include Highway 34 closed from Benkelman to Highway 385 at Wray, River Road closed from Parks to Doane, and Avenue 328 closed due to four feet of water over the road. The flood waters also washed out part of the railroad between Parks and Haigler, stranding the train in Haigler. The Republican River at Benkelman reached a peak height of almost nine and a half feet. The record stage height is just over 13 feet. ||Total damage for this event (both flash flood and flood) totaled between $100,000 and $108,000.

  6. Apr 24, 2008Thunderstorm Wind$76,000
    National Weather Service narrative

    Several irrigation systems were toppled, tree branches were snapped and shingles removed from homes across northern Dundy county.

  7. Jun 7, 1998Thunderstorm Wind$50,000
    National Weather Service narrative

    Thunderstorm winds estimated to 80 mph rolled a steel roof from building, downed branches 6-10 inches in diameter, destroyed a porch deck, broke windows at an auto dealership, and downed a 2 foot diameter tree.

  8. May 22, 1998Flash Flood$50,000
    National Weather Service narrative

    Around 5 inches of rain fell between 1800 and 2000 MST. Many homes had basements flooded with water and mud. Several cars were stalled. Roads were damaged. Waters started receding around 2100 MST,

  9. Jun 19, 2011Tornado$35,000
    National Weather Service narrative

    Storm chaser reported the tornado remained mostly over open fields in rural Dundy county. Newspaper accounts stated that one center pivot system was overturned, and a barn roof was damaged.

  10. Jul 20, 2020Flash Flood$30,000
    National Weather Service narrative

    A small bridge in the Rock Creek channel near Rock Creek Lake, and part of a road, were washed away due to the prolonged rainfall.

  1. Storm Events records before 1996 cover only tornadoes, thunderstorm wind and hail. Damage figures are as reported by the National Weather Service at the time, not adjusted for inflation.

NOAA NCEI Storm Events Database, 1950 to 2026, issued October 26, 2026.

Weather records

From Imperial Municipal Airport, 29.1 miles from the county’s population centre, with records from 1951.

All-time high
111°F2 times, most recently Aug 2, 2008
All-time low
−27°FFeb 15, 2021
Warmest night
75°F2 times, most recently Jun 19, 2022
Coldest day
−5°F2 times, most recently Dec 22, 2022
Wettest day
5.06 inApr 19, 1971
Snowiest day
9.5 inJan 14, 1960
Hottest year
2012mean 54.2°F
Coldest year
1960mean 48.4°F
Wettest year
196527.37 in
Driest year
20028.77 in
Snowiest season
56.1 in1959-60
Average monthly high and low temperature and precipitation, last 30 years, Imperial Municipal Airport 32°F 42° 16° 0.3 Jan 43° 17° 0.3 Feb 56° 27° 0.7 Mar 64° 35° 1.9 Apr 73° 46° 3.3 May 86° 57° 2.9 Jun 92° 63° 2.4 Jul 89° 60° 2.0 Aug 82° 51° 1.3 Sep 67° 37° 1.1 Oct 54° 25° 0.4 Nov 43° 17° 0.3 Dec Precipitation, inches
Average daily high and low by month, and average monthly precipitation, over the last 30 years.
Days reaching 95°F per year 2001: 42 2002: 46 2003: 33 2004: 19 2005: 36 2006: 34 2007: 36 2008: 23 2009: 12 2010: 31 2011: 26 2012: 60 60 2013: 34 2014: 14 2015: 25 2016: 24 2017: 28 2018: 20 2019: 17 2020: 41 2021: 37 2022: 54 2023: 23 2024: 31 2025: 26 200120112021
Days reaching 95°F each complete year, last 50 years. Thirty-year average: 30.9.
Snowfall by winter 1951: 28.0 in 1952: 26.3 in 1953: 26.8 in 1954: 20.8 in 1955: 14.0 in 1956: 23.0 in 1957: 31.1 in 1958: 51.1 in 1959: 56.1 in 56.1 1960: 28.1 in 1961: 11.8 in 1962: 20.6 in 1963: 18.9 in 1964: 18.7 in 1965: 22.9 in 1966: 11.8 in 1967: 8.9 in 1968: 19.0 in 1969: 43.2 in 1970: 33.4 in 19511961
Total snowfall each winter (July to June), last 50 winters.

Median first snow

November 9

Earliest: October 5, 1969

Median last snow

April 5

Latest: May 12, 1966

0 of 20 winters had no measurable snow.

Station Imperial Municipal Airport (USW00024091), 3,269 ft elevation, 29.1 miles from the population centre. Daily records from 1951 to October 25, 2026; 87.6% of days in the last 30 years are complete. Records at a single station can differ from a city’s official threaded record, which may combine several stations.

NOAA NCEI Global Historical Climatology Network Daily.

Federal disaster declarations

12 since 1953. The most recent: Severe Storms, Straight-Line Winds, Tornadoes, and Flooding, August 20, 2024.

Federal disaster declarations
Aug 20, 2024Severe StormSevere Storms, Straight-Line Winds, Tornadoes, and FloodingMajor disasterDR-4808-NE
Apr 4, 2020BiologicalCovid-19 PandemicMajor disasterDR-4521-NE
Mar 13, 2020BiologicalCovid-19EmergencyEM-3483-NE
Jun 25, 2015Severe StormSevere Storms, Tornadoes, Straight-Line Winds, and FloodingMajor disasterDR-4225-NE
Aug 12, 2011Severe StormSevere Storms, Tornadoes, Straight Line Winds, and FloodingMajor disasterDR-4014-NE
Jun 20, 2008Severe StormSevere Storms, Tornadoes, and FloodingMajor disasterDR-1770-NE
Aug 29, 2007Severe StormSevere Storms and FloodingMajor disasterDR-1721-NE
Jan 7, 2007Severe StormSevere Winter StormsMajor disasterDR-1674-NE
Jan 26, 2006Severe StormSevere Winter StormMajor disasterDR-1627-NE
Sep 13, 2005HurricaneHurricane Katrina EvacueesEmergencyEM-3245-NE
May 16, 2001Severe StormSevere Winter Storms, Flooding and TornadoesMajor disasterDR-1373-NE
Jul 19, 1993FloodSevere Storms and FloodingMajor disasterDR-998-NE

This product uses the Federal Emergency Management Agency's OpenFEMA API, but is not endorsed by FEMA. The Federal Government or FEMA cannot vouch for the data or analyses derived from these data after the data have been retrieved from the Agency's website(s).

OpenFEMA Disaster Declarations Summaries, retrieved October 30, 2026. Statewide declarations are not listed.

How this compares

Where Dundy County stands among 93 counties in Nebraska and 3,143 in the United States.

Ranks
Tornadoes since 19503643 / 93770 / 3,143
Tornadoes rated F3/EF3 or stronger244 / 93866 / 3,143
Tropical cyclones within 50 mi0——
Hurricane-strength passes within 50 mi0——
Wildfire acres since 19845,73327 / 93936 / 3,143
Flood insurance claims163 / 932,799 / 3,143
Flood insurance paid$3,01960 / 932,792 / 3,143
Disaster declarations1272 / 932,631 / 3,143
Flood events since 19962059 / 932,509 / 3,143
Hail and wind events since 199651616 / 93419 / 3,143
Winter storm events since 19966959 / 931,481 / 3,143
Reported damage since 1996$1.6 million86 / 932,854 / 3,143
River crests at major flood stage133 / 931,446 / 3,143
High tide flooding days a year, last 10 years0.0——
Months in severe drought since 189515266 / 93896 / 3,143
Medium or heavy smoke days a year, last 10 years22.893 / 93803 / 3,143
Earthquakes M4+ within 50 mi since 19000——
Earthquakes M2.5+ in the county since 19730——

Neighbouring counties

Neighbouring counties
Chase County31000
Cheyenne County KS5107,9450
Hayes County2006,0830
Hitchcock County3401,5450
Rawlins County KS5402970
Yuma County CO11406,5585

Sources and vintage

Every number on this page comes from these public records.

  • Tornadoes NOAA Storm Prediction Center severe weather database, through 2025.
  • Tropical cyclones NOAA National Hurricane Center HURDAT2 (Atlantic; Northeast and Central Pacific), through 2025.
  • Wildfire USGS/USFS Monitoring Trends in Burn Severity, through 2026.
  • Storm events NOAA NCEI Storm Events Database, through 2026.
  • Flood insurance OpenFEMA NFIP Redacted Claims v3, refreshed August 4, 2026.
  • Declarations OpenFEMA Disaster Declarations Summaries v2, retrieved October 30, 2026.
  • Weather records NOAA NCEI Global Historical Climatology Network Daily, station USW00024091.
  • River crests NOAA National Weather Service, National Water Prediction Service river gauges, retrieved October 30, 2026.
  • Drought NOAA NCEI nClimDiv county Palmer Drought Severity Index, through September 2026.
  • Smoke NOAA NESDIS Hazard Mapping System smoke analysis, retrieved October 30, 2026.
  • Earthquakes USGS ANSS Comprehensive Earthquake Catalog (ComCat), retrieved October 30, 2026.

Joins, thresholds and known limits are set out in the methodology. Found an error? Report it. Page built October 30, 2026.