Bon Homme County

Population 7,244 (2025) 564 sq mi

Property owners in Bon Homme County have filed 2 federal flood insurance claims since 1978, 44th most of 66 counties in South Dakota.

Hazard fingerprint for Bon Homme County Tornado: 60th percentile. Tropical: 0th percentile. Wildfire: 0th percentile. Flood: 79th percentile. Hail & wind: 71th percentile. Heat: 78th percentile. Cold: 75th percentile. Winter: 85th percentile. TORTROPFIREFLOODSEVEREHEATCOLDWINTER

Hazard fingerprint Each spoke is this county’s percentile among U.S. counties where that hazard occurs. How it is computed

2026
  • Tornado damage paths since 195026

At a glance

The record for Bon Homme County in eight numbers. Each links to its section below.

Flood insurance claims

2

44th of 66 in South Dakota

$24,000 paid since 2019

Details

Tornadoes since 1950

26

37th of 66 in South Dakota

About as many as the typical South Dakota county

Details

Strongest tornado

F3

June 26, 1965, 35.6 mile path

Federal disaster declarations

16

Most recent: Severe Storms, Straight-Line Winds, and Flooding, 2024

Details

Record high

115°F

July 17, 1936

Details

Record low

−41°F

February 2, 1905

Details

Snowiest season

73.8in

Winter of 1959-60

Costliest event since 1996

$1.5M

Flood, March 13, 2019

Details

Tornadoes

About one every 2.9 years since 1950, 4 of them rated F3/EF3 or stronger.

Strongest

June 26, 1965

F3, 35.6 mile path

163 yards wide.

Most recent

Monday, July 3, 2023

EF0, 1.2 mile path

3 years ago.

Tornadoes by decade Doppler radar era² 1950s: 2 2 1960s: 4 4 1970s: 6 6 1980s: 5 5 1990s: 1 1 2000s: 4 4 2010s: 2 2 2020s: 2 2 1950s1960s1970s1980s1990s2000s2010s2020s
Recorded tornadoes per decade. The 2020s are incomplete.
Tornadoes by month J: 0 F: 0 M: 1 A: 4 M: 9 9 J: 8 J: 3 A: 0 S: 1 O: 0 N: 0 D: 0 JFMAMJJASOND
By month of occurrence, all years.

Every recorded tornado

Tornadoes in Bon Homme County since 1950
Jul 3, 2023EF01.24000
May 30, 2022EFU5.55000
Sep 10, 2019EF01.42000
Apr 15, 2012EF00.52500
Mar 23, 2009EF10.910000
May 29, 2008EF00.15000
May 5, 2007EF24.010000
May 5, 2007EF23.510000
May 3, 1999F00.15000
Apr 20, 1985F00.11000
Apr 20, 1985F10.11000
Apr 20, 1985F23.51,00000
Jun 22, 1984F00.11000
Jul 19, 1981F17.51020
Jul 4, 1978F00.11000
Jun 25, 1978F00.11000
May 6, 1975F00.11000
May 6, 1975F10.11000
Jun 13, 1972F00.11000
Jun 15, 1970F10.11000
Jun 26, 1965F335.616300
Jun 21, 1965F315.48700
Jun 5, 1962F39.51,76000
May 14, 1961F10.36000
May 10, 1956F25.610020
Jun 18, 1954F310.61000
  1. Injuries and deaths are for the tornado’s whole path, which may extend beyond the county. Deaths recorded within Bon Homme County: 0.
  2. Weak tornadoes were under-recorded before Doppler radar coverage became national in the early 1990s, so earlier decades read low. Ratings use the Fujita scale before February 2007 and the Enhanced Fujita scale after.

Storm Prediction Center severe weather database, 1950 to 2025.

Hurricanes and tropical storms

No tropical storm or hurricane has tracked within 100 miles since records began in 1851.

Wildfire and smoke

No large wildfire has been mapped here since satellite mapping began in 1984.

Smoke overhead

Smokiest year

2021: 62 days

Heavy smoke on 29 days in 2021, the most of any year.

Last 10 years

29.5 days a year

Medium or heavy smoke, 2016 to 2025.

2025

24 days

Medium or heavy smoke. 40 so far in 2026.

Days with medium or heavy smoke overhead, by year 2011: 9 2012: 29 2013: 20 2014: 8 2015: 22 2016: 4 2017: 15 2018: 26 2019: 7 2020: 32 2021: 62 62 2022: 22 2023: 58 2024: 45 2025: 24 201120122013201420152016201720182019202020212022202320242025
Days each year on which a satellite-traced plume of medium or heavy smoke covered the county’s population centre, 2011 to 2025.
  1. A smoke day is a date on which a smoke plume traced by NOAA Hazard Mapping System analysts from satellite imagery covered this place's point (the county's population centre or the city centre). Counts here are of medium or heavy smoke. Since 2018 analysts have often drawn light smoke as one area over most of the continent, so light-smoke counts are not comparable from year to year. The plumes show smoke anywhere in the air above, not air quality at the ground, and smoke hidden by cloud is missed.

NOAA Hazard Mapping System smoke analysis, 2011 to 2026, retrieved October 30, 2026.

Floods and flood insurance

2 federal flood insurance claims since 2019, with $24,000 paid.

Federal flood insurance claims by year
Claims per year since 2019. Years with fewer than five claims are not shown.

Flood events since 1996

  • Flood94
  • Flash Flood13
  • Heavy Rain1

This product uses the Federal Emergency Management Agency's OpenFEMA API, but is not endorsed by FEMA. The Federal Government or FEMA cannot vouch for the data or analyses derived from these data after the data have been retrieved from the Agency's website(s).

OpenFEMA NFIP Redacted Claims v3, refreshed August 4, 2026. NOAA Storm Events through 2026.

River crests

Most severe crest

March 14, 2019

Missouri River at Springfield, 17.73 ft

6.73 feet above the 11.0 ft flood stage; major flooding by today’s categories.

Most recent moderate or major crest

March 14, 2019

Missouri River at Springfield, 17.73 ft

Major flooding.

Highest river crests above flood stage
Mar 14, 2019Missouri River at Springfield17.73+6.73Major
Jun 22, 2011Missouri River at Springfield14.72+3.72Moderate
Oct 14, 2018Missouri River at Springfield12.00+1.00Minor
Sep 20, 2018Missouri River at Springfield11.90+0.90Minor
Aug 23, 1995Missouri River at Springfield11.89+0.89Minor
Sep 24, 2010Missouri River at Springfield11.70+0.70Minor
Feb 21, 1997Missouri River at Springfield11.43+0.43Minor
Jan 11, 2016Missouri River at Springfield11.32+0.32Minor
Dec 2, 1985Missouri River at Springfield11.13+0.13Minor
Mar 2, 1996Missouri River at Springfield10.74−0.26Action
Oct 31, 1997Missouri River at Springfield10.69−0.31Action
Jan 18, 1987Missouri River at Springfield10.63−0.37Action
Jun 23, 2024Missouri River at Springfield10.53−0.47Action
Jan 1, 1983Missouri River at Springfield10.36−0.64Action
Sep 20, 2009Missouri River at Springfield10.19−0.81Action
Jan 1, 1999Missouri River at Springfield10.15−0.85Action
Oct 14, 2023Missouri River at Springfield10.14−0.86Action
Dec 25, 1993Missouri River at Springfield10.12−0.88Action
Dec 27, 1983Missouri River at Springfield10.10−0.90Action
Dec 22, 1984Missouri River at Springfield10.03−0.97Action
Oct 7, 1991Missouri River at Springfield9.85−1.15Action
Jan 5, 2025Missouri River at Springfield9.81−1.19Action
Mar 11, 2007Missouri River at Springfield9.81−1.19Action
Jan 28, 2000Missouri River at Springfield9.77−1.23Action
Sep 7, 1988Missouri River at Springfield9.76−1.24Action

River gauges

River gauges and their highest listed crests
Choteau Creek near Avon1,165.0——0
Missouri River at Springfield11.017.73 ftMar 14, 20191
  1. Crests are the highest and the recent crests the National Weather Service lists for each river gauge in the county that has a flood stage, not every flood. Flood categories use each gauge's current flood stages; crests from before levees, dams or channel changes may not be comparable. Crests measured on an old datum are left out of the rankings.

NOAA National Water Prediction Service gauge records, retrieved October 30, 2026.

Drought

In severe drought or worse for 174 of 1,581 months since 1895 (11%); the longest spell lasted 30 months.

174

Months in severe drought or worse since 1895

77

Months in extreme drought

11%

Share of all months, severe or worse

60

Drought reports to the Weather Service since 1996

Lowest reading

September 2012

−6.76, extreme drought

Longest severe spell

30 months

June 1988 to November 1990.

Latest month

September 2026

−1.41, mild drought

Last severe month: August 2026.

Months in severe drought or worse, by year 1895: 0 1896: 0 1897: 0 1898: 0 1899: 0 1900: 0 1901: 0 1902: 0 1903: 0 1904: 0 1905: 0 1906: 0 1907: 0 1908: 0 1909: 0 1910: 0 1911: 3 1912: 0 1913: 0 1914: 0 1915: 0 1916: 0 1917: 0 1918: 0 1919: 0 1920: 0 1921: 0 1922: 0 1923: 0 1924: 0 1925: 3 1926: 4 1927: 0 1928: 0 1929: 0 1930: 0 1931: 5 1932: 0 1933: 0 1934: 9 1935: 6 1936: 6 1937: 12 12 1938: 3 1939: 7 1940: 9 1941: 0 1942: 0 1943: 0 1944: 0 1945: 0 1946: 0 1947: 0 1948: 0 1949: 0 1950: 0 1951: 0 1952: 0 1953: 0 1954: 0 1955: 5 1956: 8 1957: 4 1958: 0 1959: 1 1960: 0 1961: 0 1962: 0 1963: 0 1964: 0 1965: 0 1966: 0 1967: 0 1968: 1 1969: 0 1970: 0 1971: 0 1972: 0 1973: 0 1974: 0 1975: 0 1976: 5 1977: 2 1978: 0 1979: 0 1980: 4 1981: 12 1982: 3 1983: 0 1984: 0 1985: 0 1986: 0 1987: 0 1988: 7 1989: 12 1990: 11 1991: 7 1992: 0 1993: 0 1994: 0 1995: 0 1996: 0 1997: 0 1998: 0 1999: 0 2000: 0 2001: 0 2002: 1 2003: 0 2004: 0 2005: 0 2006: 0 2007: 0 2008: 0 2009: 0 2010: 0 2011: 0 2012: 7 2013: 3 2014: 0 2015: 0 2016: 0 2017: 0 2018: 0 2019: 0 2020: 0 2021: 0 2022: 10 2023: 2 2024: 0 2025: 0 18951905191519251935194519551965197519851995200520152025
Months each year with a Palmer index of −3 or lower, 1895 to 2025. Twelve means the whole year.
  1. The Palmer Drought Severity Index is computed by NOAA each month from the county's average temperature and precipitation, relative to the county's own climate. Zero is normal; -3 or lower is severe drought and -4 or lower extreme drought. It describes the long-term balance of moisture, not water supply or crop losses.

NOAA NCEI nClimDiv county Palmer Drought Severity Index, 1895 to September 2026, issued October 6, 2026.

Earthquakes

2 earthquakes of magnitude 4 or more within 50 miles since 1900; the largest was magnitude 4.3 in 2002.

2

Magnitude 2.5+ inside the county since 1973

9

Magnitude 3+ within 50 miles since 1973

2

Magnitude 4+ within 50 miles since 1900

0

Magnitude 5+ within 50 miles since 1900

Largest within 50 miles

November 3, 2002

Magnitude 4.3

16 km SSW of Butte, Nebraska; 37.7 miles away, 3.1 miles deep.

Most recent, magnitude 3 or more

December 10, 2023

Magnitude 3.0

11 km ESE of Wakonda, South Dakota; 35.1 miles away.

Earthquakes of magnitude 3 or more within 50 miles, by year 1973: 0 1974: 0 1975: 1 1976: 0 1977: 0 1978: 0 1979: 0 1980: 0 1981: 0 1982: 1 1983: 0 1984: 0 1985: 0 1986: 0 1987: 0 1988: 0 1989: 0 1990: 1 1991: 0 1992: 0 1993: 0 1994: 0 1995: 0 1996: 1 1997: 0 1998: 0 1999: 0 2000: 0 2001: 0 2002: 1 2003: 0 2004: 0 2005: 0 2006: 0 2007: 0 2008: 0 2009: 0 2010: 0 2011: 0 2012: 0 2013: 0 2014: 0 2015: 0 2016: 0 2017: 0 2018: 0 2019: 0 2020: 0 2021: 3 3 2022: 0 2023: 1 2024: 0 2025: 0 19731978198319881993199820032008201320182023
Per year, 1973 to 2025.

Every earthquake of magnitude 4 or more within 50 miles

Earthquakes of magnitude 4 or more within 50 miles
Nov 3, 20024.337.73.116 km SSW of Butte, Nebraska
Nov 14, 19824.3Inside3.11 km NE of Tyndall, South Dakota
  1. Earthquakes of magnitude 2.5 or more in the USGS Comprehensive Catalog since 1900. Within 50 miles means the epicentre lies within 50 miles of the county boundary (or inside the county).
  2. Small earthquakes were under-recorded before the modern seismic networks of the 1970s and are still missed in remote areas, so early decades read low. Magnitudes are as the catalogue reports them and mix scales (moment, local and body-wave).

USGS ANSS Comprehensive Earthquake Catalog, 1900 to present, retrieved October 30, 2026.

Severe weather and other events

815 events in the National Weather Service record, 735 of them since 1996.

130

Hail reports, 1 inch or larger

15

Hail, 2 inches or larger

109

Damaging gusts, 58 mph+

163

Winter weather events since 1996

30

Heat events since 1996

25

Cold events since 1996

Largest hail

July 17, 1965

5.00 inches

Strongest measured or estimated gust

September 4, 2016

110 mph

More event types since 1996

Other Storm Events types since 1996
Lightning300Jul 30, 2001

Costliest events since 1996

  1. Mar 13, 2019Flood$1.5 million
    National Weather Service narrative

    Flooding resulted in extensive damage to public infrastructure including numerous county and township roads, culverts, and some bridges.

  2. Jun 21, 2024Flood$1.2 million
    National Weather Service narrative

    Rainfall amounts across Bon Homme County from June 20-22 ranged from 2 to 3 inches with an estimated 5 to 6 inches across the far northern portion of the county. Overland flooding ensued with additional major flooding along the James River.||One home experienced a partial basement collapse and 3 businesses received flood damage. ||During peak flooding on June 21, water was overflowing at least 60 roads county-wide with the worst impacts north of South Dakota Highway 46, including South Dakota Highway 25 and the intersection of South Dakota Highways 46 and 37. Water also overran South Dakota Highway 50 near the Bon Homme Golf Course. Preliminary damage assessments estimate loss to…

  3. Sep 4, 2016Thunderstorm Wind$1.0 million
    National Weather Service narrative

    Thunderstorm winds destroyed about 6 houses, severely damaged several other houses and shops, destroyed or damaged several unattached garages, destroyed farm outbuildings and other farm structures, caused widespread tree damage, including numerous trees blown down, moved a large boat 25 yards from a parked position, damaging the boat, and damaged or destroyed outdoor furniture.

  4. Nov 27, 2005Ice Storm, Bon Homme$1.0 million
    National Weather Service narrative

    Heavy freezing rain coated roads, trees, power lines, and most other objects with ice up to 3 inches thick. Travel quickly became difficult to impossible. Many roads including Interstate Highways 90 and 29 were closed for extended periods of time. Most schools and businesses were forced to close. Electric power was lost over widespread areas when many miles of power lines and thousands of poles were knocked down, with more damaged. Strong winds which accompanied the ice storm and the immediately following blizzard combined with the weight of the ice to bring down many of the power lines and poles. Tens of thousands of households and businesses lost power, with the time power was…

  5. Apr 10, 2005Thunderstorm Wind$150,000
    National Weather Service narrative

    Thunderstorm winds blew over and heavily damaged a concession stand at a ball park, damaged front of two businesses on Main Street, blew down several trees, damaged several small buildings at nearby farms, and injured several calves.

  6. Jun 24, 2003Thunderstorm Wind$100,000
    National Weather Service narrative

    Thunderstorm winds caused tree damage, including numerous trees and large limbs down. Several houses and vehicles were damaged by falling trees or tree debris.

  7. Jun 24, 2003Thunderstorm Wind$100,000
    National Weather Service narrative

    Thunderstorm winds caused tree damage, including several trees and large limbs blown down. A few houses sustained roof and siding damage.

  8. Jul 27, 1997Thunderstorm Wind$100,000
    National Weather Service narrative

    Thunderstorm winds caused tree and power line damage, and blew out a large window. Minor damage occurred to homes, mainly from wind blown tree debris.

  9. May 5, 2007Tornado$100,000
    National Weather Service narrative

    A tornado damaged two farms, including a house shifted off its foundation, and several outbuildings destroyed. The tornado also caused widespread tree damage, including some trees debarked and uprooted. The tornado also blew off the tops of grain bins and blew down power lines.

  10. Aug 8, 2009Hail$100,000
    National Weather Service narrative

    Large hail smashed windows on vehicles and buildings, dented vehicles, damaged roofs, and damaged crops. The amount of crop damage was not known.

  1. Storm Events records before 1996 cover only tornadoes, thunderstorm wind and hail. Damage figures are as reported by the National Weather Service at the time, not adjusted for inflation.

NOAA NCEI Storm Events Database, 1950 to 2026, issued October 26, 2026.

Weather records

From Tyndall, 1.8 miles from the county’s population centre, with records from 1893.

All-time high
115°FJul 17, 1936
All-time low
−41°FFeb 2, 1905
Warmest night
86°FJul 12, 1901
Coldest day
−22°FFeb 9, 1899
Wettest day
6.10 inMay 21, 1903
Snowiest day
19.0 inJan 19, 1988
Hottest year
2012mean 53.3°F
Coldest year
1951mean 44.5°F
Wettest year
194438.27 in
Driest year
197412.62 in
Snowiest season
73.8 in1959-60
Average monthly high and low temperature and precipitation, last 30 years, Tyndall 32°F 30° 10° 0.6 Jan 35° 13° 0.7 Feb 47° 24° 1.3 Mar 59° 35° 2.7 Apr 71° 48° 3.8 May 82° 59° 3.6 Jun 87° 64° 2.9 Jul 84° 61° 3.6 Aug 78° 53° 2.8 Sep 63° 38° 2.1 Oct 48° 25° 0.9 Nov 34° 15° 0.9 Dec Precipitation, inches
Average daily high and low by month, and average monthly precipitation, over the last 30 years.
Days reaching 95°F per year 1977: 10 1978: 9 1979: 5 1980: 26 1981: 9 1982: 6 1983: 16 1984: 5 1985: 5 1986: 8 1987: 14 1988: 38 1989: 20 1990: 26 1991: 25 1992: 2 1993: 0 1994: 1 1995: 12 1996: 2 1997: 9 1998: 8 1999: 9 2000: 12 2001: 6 2002: 18 2003: 10 2004: 6 2005: 10 2006: 14 2007: 12 2008: 2 2009: 4 2010: 7 2011: 15 2012: 42 42 2013: 3 2014: 1 2015: 4 2016: 8 2017: 7 2018: 4 2019: 5 2020: 2 2021: 12 2022: 20 2023: 12 2024: 2 2025: 4 19771987199720072017
Days reaching 95°F each complete year, last 50 years. Thirty-year average: 9.0.
Snowfall by winter 1976: 31.4 in 1977: 42.4 in 1978: 36.5 in 1979: 35.7 in 1980: 11.0 in 1981: 39.9 in 1982: 63.9 in 1983: 70.6 in 70.6 1984: 17.4 in 1985: 56.1 in 1986: 17.5 in 1987: 40.0 in 1988: 32.5 in 1989: 26.0 in 1990: 41.3 in 1991: 26.0 in 1992: 33.9 in 1993: 33.8 in 1994: 27.7 in 1995: 11.4 in 1997: 25.0 in 1998: 15.5 in 1999: 6.0 in 2000: 41.0 in 2001: 34.3 in 2002: 34.5 in 2003: 42.5 in 2004: 12.6 in 2005: 46.0 in 2006: 42.8 in 2007: 51.4 in 2008: 39.1 in 2009: 45.8 in 2010: 48.8 in 2013: 28.3 in 2014: 18.7 in 2015: 43.7 in 2016: 38.6 in 2017: 55.2 in 2018: 54.9 in 2019: 38.5 in 2020: 37.7 in 2021: 12.4 in 2022: 54.2 in 2023: 39.2 in 2024: 13.9 in 2025: 19.9 in 19761986199720072019
Total snowfall each winter (July to June), last 50 winters.

Median first snow

November 13

Earliest: September 25, 1984

Median last snow

March 30

Latest: May 9, 1945

0 of 93 winters had no measurable snow.

Station Tyndall (USC00398472), 1,420 ft elevation, 1.8 miles from the population centre. Daily records from 1893 to October 23, 2026; 99.6% of days in the last 30 years are complete. Records at a single station can differ from a city’s official threaded record, which may combine several stations.

NOAA NCEI Global Historical Climatology Network Daily.

Federal disaster declarations

16 since 1953. The most recent: Severe Storms, Straight-Line Winds, and Flooding, August 15, 2024.

Federal disaster declarations
Aug 15, 2024FloodSevere Storms, Straight-Line Winds, and FloodingMajor disasterDR-4807-SD
Jun 29, 2022Severe StormSevere Storm, Straight-Line Winds, Tornadoes, and FloodingMajor disasterDR-4656-SD
Apr 5, 2020BiologicalCovid-19 PandemicMajor disasterDR-4527-SD
Mar 13, 2020BiologicalCovid-19EmergencyEM-3475-SD
Jun 7, 2019FloodSevere Winter Storm, Snowstorm, and FloodingMajor disasterDR-4440-SD
Jul 9, 2008Severe StormSevere Storms and FloodingMajor disasterDR-1774-SD
May 22, 2007Severe StormSevere Storms, Tornadoes, and FloodingMajor disasterDR-1702-SD
Dec 20, 2005Severe StormSevere Winter StormMajor disasterDR-1620-SD
Sep 10, 2005Coastal StormHurricane Katrina EvacuationEmergencyEM-3234-SD
Apr 7, 1997FloodSevere Flooding, Sever Winter Storms,Heavy Rains High WindsMajor disasterDR-1173-SD
Jan 10, 1997Severe StormSevere Winter Storms and Blizzard ConditionsMajor disasterDR-1156-SD
Jan 5, 1996SnowstormSevere Winter StormMajor disasterDR-1075-SD
May 26, 1995FloodFloodingMajor disasterDR-1052-SD
Jul 19, 1993Severe StormSevere Storms, Tornadoes & FloodingMajor disasterDR-999-SD
Jul 19, 1984FloodSevere Storms & FloodingMajor disasterDR-717-SD
Jun 17, 1976DroughtDroughtEmergencyEM-3015-SD

This product uses the Federal Emergency Management Agency's OpenFEMA API, but is not endorsed by FEMA. The Federal Government or FEMA cannot vouch for the data or analyses derived from these data after the data have been retrieved from the Agency's website(s).

OpenFEMA Disaster Declarations Summaries, retrieved October 30, 2026. Statewide declarations are not listed.

How this compares

Where Bon Homme County stands among 66 counties in South Dakota and 3,143 in the United States.

Ranks
Tornadoes since 19502637 / 661,204 / 3,143
Tornadoes rated F3/EF3 or stronger42 / 66387 / 3,143
Tropical cyclones within 50 mi0——
Hurricane-strength passes within 50 mi0——
Wildfire acres since 19840——
Flood insurance claims244 / 662,727 / 3,143
Flood insurance paid$24,00039 / 662,619 / 3,143
Disaster declarations1647 / 662,158 / 3,143
Flood events since 19961087 / 66521 / 3,143
Hail and wind events since 199633937 / 66991 / 3,143
Winter storm events since 199616319 / 66462 / 3,143
Reported damage since 1996$6.7 million32 / 662,205 / 3,143
River crests at major flood stage137 / 661,446 / 3,143
High tide flooding days a year, last 10 years0.0——
Months in severe drought since 18951746 / 66505 / 3,143
Medium or heavy smoke days a year, last 10 years29.552 / 66238 / 3,143
Earthquakes M4+ within 50 mi since 1900223 / 661,151 / 3,143
Earthquakes M2.5+ in the county since 197327 / 66665 / 3,143

Neighbouring counties

Neighbouring counties
Charles Mix County470011
Hutchinson County480014
Knox County NE480026
Yankton County290062

Sources and vintage

Every number on this page comes from these public records.

  • Tornadoes NOAA Storm Prediction Center severe weather database, through 2025.
  • Tropical cyclones NOAA National Hurricane Center HURDAT2 (Atlantic; Northeast and Central Pacific), through 2025.
  • Wildfire USGS/USFS Monitoring Trends in Burn Severity, through 2026.
  • Storm events NOAA NCEI Storm Events Database, through 2026.
  • Flood insurance OpenFEMA NFIP Redacted Claims v3, refreshed August 4, 2026.
  • Declarations OpenFEMA Disaster Declarations Summaries v2, retrieved October 30, 2026.
  • Weather records NOAA NCEI Global Historical Climatology Network Daily, station USC00398472.
  • River crests NOAA National Weather Service, National Water Prediction Service river gauges, retrieved October 30, 2026.
  • Drought NOAA NCEI nClimDiv county Palmer Drought Severity Index, through September 2026.
  • Smoke NOAA NESDIS Hazard Mapping System smoke analysis, retrieved October 30, 2026.
  • Earthquakes USGS ANSS Comprehensive Earthquake Catalog (ComCat), retrieved October 30, 2026.

Joins, thresholds and known limits are set out in the methodology. Found an error? Report it. Page built October 30, 2026.