Johnson County

Population 18,718 (2025) 298 sq mi

Property owners in Johnson County have filed 51 federal flood insurance claims since 1978, 41st most of 95 counties in Tennessee.

Hazard fingerprint for Johnson County Tornado: 17th percentile. Tropical: 34th percentile. Wildfire: 39th percentile. Flood: 55th percentile. Hail & wind: 37th percentile. Heat: 0th percentile. Cold: 0th percentile. Winter: 64th percentile. TORTROPFIREFLOODSEVEREHEATCOLDWINTER

Hazard fingerprint Each spoke is this county’s percentile among U.S. counties where that hazard occurs. How it is computed

2026
  • Tornado damage paths since 19503
  • Tropical cyclone tracks within 100 miles since 1851, wider where stronger11
  • Wildfire burn scars since 19841
  • Major flood years since 19781

At a glance

The record for Johnson County in eight numbers. Each links to its section below.

Flood insurance claims

51

41st of 95 in Tennessee

$2.2 million paid since 1981

Details

Acres burned since 1984

2,242

27th of 95 in Tennessee

1 large fire; the largest was Unnamed, 2007

Details

Tropical cyclones within 50 mi

3

25th of 95 in Tennessee

None at hurricane strength since 1851

Details

Tornadoes since 1950

3

85th of 95 in Tennessee

Fewer than the typical Tennessee county, which has had 16

Details

Strongest tornado

EF2

April 27, 2011, 12.0 mile path

Strongest tropical cyclone

TS

Tropical storm Hugo, 1989, 0.5 miles away

Largest earthquake within 50 mi

5.1magnitude

August 9, 2020, 32.5 miles away

Details

Federal disaster declarations

20

Most recent: Severe Winter Storm, 2026

Details

Tornadoes

About one every 25 years since 1950, none rated F3/EF3 or stronger.

Strongest

April 27, 2011

EF2, 12.0 mile path

250 yards wide; 2 killed along the whole path.

Most recent

Friday, May 12, 2017

EF0, 0.1 mile path

9 years ago.

Tornadoes by decade Doppler radar era² 1950s: 0 1960s: 0 1970s: 0 1980s: 0 1990s: 1 1 2000s: 0 2010s: 2 2 2020s: 0 1950s1960s1970s1980s1990s2000s2010s2020s
Recorded tornadoes per decade. The 2020s are incomplete.
Tornadoes by month J: 0 F: 0 M: 0 A: 1 1 M: 1 J: 1 J: 0 A: 0 S: 0 O: 0 N: 0 D: 0 JFMAMJJASOND
By month of occurrence, all years.

Every recorded tornado

Tornadoes in Johnson County since 1950
May 12, 2017EF00.14000
Apr 27, 2011EF212.025002
Jun 3, 1998F19.58030
  1. Injuries and deaths are for the tornado’s whole path, which may extend beyond the county. Deaths recorded within Johnson County: 2.
  2. Weak tornadoes were under-recorded before Doppler radar coverage became national in the early 1990s, so earlier decades read low. Ratings use the Fujita scale before February 2007 and the Enhanced Fujita scale after.

Storm Prediction Center severe weather database, 1950 to 2025.

Hurricanes and tropical storms

3 passed within 50 miles since 1851; none at hurricane strength.

Strongest within 50 miles

September 22, 1989

Hugo, Tropical storm

0.5 miles at closest approach, winds near 60 mph.

Most recent

October 29, 2020

Zeta, Tropical storm

12.3 miles at closest approach.

Every storm within 100 miles

Tropical cyclones within 100 miles
Zeta202012.3Tropical storm52Category 3
Hugo19890.5Tropical storm60Category 5
David197988.4Tropical storm47Category 5
Able195283.5Tropical storm46Category 2
Unnamed194947.2Tropical storm58Category 4
Unnamed193470.0Post-tropical39Category 2
Unnamed193236.9Post-tropical40Tropical storm
Unnamed191696.8Tropical storm39Category 3
Unnamed191570.7Tropical storm41Category 1
Unnamed190749.4Post-tropical40Tropical storm
Unnamed190238.8Post-tropical40Category 2
Unnamed189390.1Category 174Category 3
Unnamed188686.0Tropical storm40Category 2
Unnamed188287.8Tropical storm46Category 3
Unnamed185994.4Tropical storm46Category 1
  1. Tropical storms and hurricanes (34 kt or more, still tropical) at closest approach. Post-tropical remnants with gale-force winds are listed but not counted. Direct: track within 50 miles; near: within 100 miles. Distance is measured to the county boundary for counties and to the city centre for cities, using positions interpolated hourly between HURDAT2 fixes.

National Hurricane Center HURDAT2, 1851 to 2025.

Wildfire and smoke

2,242 acres burned in 1 large fire since 1984, equal to 1.2% of the land.

Largest

April 10, 2007

Unnamed Fire, 2,242 acres

2,242 acres inside Johnson County.

Most recent

April 10, 2007

Unnamed Fire

2,242 acres in total.

Acres burned since 1984, cumulative 2007: 2,242 2,242 acres 198519901995200020052010201520202025
Running total of acres burned inside the county (line) and each year’s acres (bars).

Every large fire

Large wildfires since 1984
Unnamed20072,2422,242
  1. Large fires mapped by the Monitoring Trends in Burn Severity program since 1984: 1,000 acres or more in the West, 500 or more in the East. Prescribed burns are excluded. Acres here are the part of each perimeter inside this place.

Monitoring Trends in Burn Severity (USGS and U.S. Forest Service), 1984 to 2026.

Smoke overhead

Smokiest year

2023: 43 days

Heavy smoke on 7 days in 2023, the most of any year.

Last 10 years

10.3 days a year

Medium or heavy smoke, 2016 to 2025.

2025

8 days

Medium or heavy smoke. 24 so far in 2026.

Days with medium or heavy smoke overhead, by year 2011: 2 2012: 5 2013: 0 2014: 0 2015: 4 2016: 1 2017: 1 2018: 3 2019: 4 2020: 6 2021: 18 2022: 11 2023: 43 43 2024: 8 2025: 8 201120122013201420152016201720182019202020212022202320242025
Days each year on which a satellite-traced plume of medium or heavy smoke covered the county’s population centre, 2011 to 2025.
  1. A smoke day is a date on which a smoke plume traced by NOAA Hazard Mapping System analysts from satellite imagery covered this place's point (the county's population centre or the city centre). Counts here are of medium or heavy smoke. Since 2018 analysts have often drawn light smoke as one area over most of the continent, so light-smoke counts are not comparable from year to year. The plumes show smoke anywhere in the air above, not air quality at the ground, and smoke hidden by cloud is missed.

NOAA Hazard Mapping System smoke analysis, 2011 to 2026, retrieved October 30, 2026.

Floods and flood insurance

51 federal flood insurance claims since 1981, with $2.2 million paid.

Federal flood insurance claims by year 2013: 5 2024: 33 33 2013
Claims per year since 1981. Years with fewer than five claims are not shown.

Most claims in one year

2024: 33 claims

$1.9 million paid.

2nd most

2013: 5 claims

$261,000 paid.

Claims by ZIP code

Flood insurance claims by ZIP code
3768339$1.8 million
376409$392,000

Flood events since 1996

  • Flash Flood17
  • Flood9
  • Heavy Rain1

1 death recorded in flood events since 1996.

This product uses the Federal Emergency Management Agency's OpenFEMA API, but is not endorsed by FEMA. The Federal Government or FEMA cannot vouch for the data or analyses derived from these data after the data have been retrieved from the Agency's website(s).

OpenFEMA NFIP Redacted Claims v3, refreshed August 4, 2026. NOAA Storm Events through 2026.

Drought

In severe drought or worse for 93 of 1,581 months since 1895 (6%); the longest spell lasted 15 months.

93

Months in severe drought or worse since 1895

13

Months in extreme drought

6%

Share of all months, severe or worse

1

Drought reports to the Weather Service since 1996

Lowest reading

April 1942

−4.86, extreme drought

Longest severe spell

15 months

September 2007 to November 2008.

Latest month

September 2026

−0.89, incipient dry spell

Last severe month: February 2011.

Months in severe drought or worse, by year 1895: 0 1896: 2 1897: 0 1898: 0 1899: 0 1900: 0 1901: 0 1902: 0 1903: 0 1904: 1 1905: 0 1906: 0 1907: 0 1908: 0 1909: 0 1910: 0 1911: 1 1912: 0 1913: 0 1914: 0 1915: 0 1916: 0 1917: 0 1918: 0 1919: 0 1920: 0 1921: 0 1922: 0 1923: 0 1924: 0 1925: 5 1926: 5 1927: 0 1928: 0 1929: 0 1930: 5 1931: 3 1932: 0 1933: 0 1934: 2 1935: 0 1936: 0 1937: 0 1938: 0 1939: 2 1940: 3 1941: 6 1942: 4 1943: 0 1944: 0 1945: 0 1946: 0 1947: 0 1948: 0 1949: 0 1950: 0 1951: 0 1952: 1 1953: 2 1954: 4 1955: 1 1956: 0 1957: 0 1958: 0 1959: 0 1960: 0 1961: 0 1962: 0 1963: 0 1964: 0 1965: 0 1966: 0 1967: 0 1968: 0 1969: 0 1970: 0 1971: 0 1972: 0 1973: 0 1974: 0 1975: 0 1976: 0 1977: 0 1978: 0 1979: 0 1980: 0 1981: 0 1982: 0 1983: 0 1984: 0 1985: 3 1986: 4 1987: 0 1988: 7 1989: 0 1990: 0 1991: 0 1992: 0 1993: 4 1994: 0 1995: 0 1996: 0 1997: 0 1998: 3 1999: 1 2000: 0 2001: 1 2002: 3 2003: 0 2004: 0 2005: 0 2006: 0 2007: 4 2008: 11 11 2009: 0 2010: 3 2011: 2 2012: 0 2013: 0 2014: 0 2015: 0 2016: 0 2017: 0 2018: 0 2019: 0 2020: 0 2021: 0 2022: 0 2023: 0 2024: 0 2025: 0 18951905191519251935194519551965197519851995200520152025
Months each year with a Palmer index of −3 or lower, 1895 to 2025. Twelve means the whole year.
  1. The Palmer Drought Severity Index is computed by NOAA each month from the county's average temperature and precipitation, relative to the county's own climate. Zero is normal; -3 or lower is severe drought and -4 or lower extreme drought. It describes the long-term balance of moisture, not water supply or crop losses.

NOAA NCEI nClimDiv county Palmer Drought Severity Index, 1895 to September 2026, issued October 6, 2026.

Earthquakes and landslides

7 earthquakes of magnitude 4 or more within 50 miles since 1900; the largest was magnitude 5.1 in 2020.

3

Magnitude 2.5+ inside the county since 1973

14

Magnitude 3+ within 50 miles since 1973

7

Magnitude 4+ within 50 miles since 1900

1

Magnitude 5+ within 50 miles since 1900

Largest within 50 miles

August 9, 2020

Magnitude 5.1

4 km SE of Sparta, North Carolina; 32.5 miles away, 2.6 miles deep.

Most recent, magnitude 3 or more

August 9, 2020

Magnitude 5.1

4 km SE of Sparta, North Carolina; 32.5 miles away.

Earthquakes of magnitude 3 or more within 50 miles, by year 1973: 0 1974: 0 1975: 0 1976: 1 1977: 0 1978: 0 1979: 0 1980: 0 1981: 0 1982: 1 1983: 0 1984: 1 1985: 0 1986: 0 1987: 0 1988: 2 2 1989: 1 1990: 0 1991: 0 1992: 0 1993: 1 1994: 1 1995: 2 1996: 0 1997: 0 1998: 0 1999: 0 2000: 0 2001: 0 2002: 0 2003: 0 2004: 0 2005: 0 2006: 2 2007: 0 2008: 0 2009: 0 2010: 0 2011: 0 2012: 0 2013: 0 2014: 1 2015: 0 2016: 0 2017: 0 2018: 0 2019: 0 2020: 1 2021: 0 2022: 0 2023: 0 2024: 0 2025: 0 19731978198319881993199820032008201320182023
Per year, 1973 to 2025.

Every earthquake of magnitude 4 or more within 50 miles

Earthquakes of magnitude 4 or more within 50 miles
Aug 9, 20205.132.52.64 km SE of Sparta, North Carolina
Nov 23, 20064.338.70.013 km NW of Raven, Virginia
Nov 2, 20064.341.40.613 km NNW of Raven, Virginia
Apr 10, 19894.338.40.011 km SSE of Vansant, Virginia
Apr 14, 19884.144.40.09 km E of Vansant, Virginia
May 13, 19574.033.73.114 km SSW of Spruce Pine, North Carolina
Nov 2, 19284.546.43.15 km S of Greeneville, Tennessee
  1. Earthquakes of magnitude 2.5 or more in the USGS Comprehensive Catalog since 1900. Within 50 miles means the epicentre lies within 50 miles of the county boundary (or inside the county).
  2. Small earthquakes were under-recorded before the modern seismic networks of the 1970s and are still missed in remote areas, so early decades read low. Magnitudes are as the catalogue reports them and mix scales (moment, local and body-wave).

USGS ANSS Comprehensive Earthquake Catalog, 1900 to present, retrieved October 30, 2026.

Mapped landslides

2

Landslides mapped, probable or better

1

With a recorded date

2

Source inventories

Mapped by NASA (1), NC GS (1).

  1. Landslides mapped in the USGS compilation of landslide inventories across the United States (version 3.0, 2025), rated probable or better. The compilation joins inventories made by federal and state agencies for different purposes and areas, so the number mapped in a county reflects how closely it has been surveyed as much as how often its slopes fail. An area with few records may simply not have been mapped. Deaths are as recorded in the inventories; a slide listed in two inventories is counted once.

USGS Landslide Inventories across the United States, version 3.0, retrieved October 27, 2026.

Severe weather and other events

231 events in the National Weather Service record, 224 of them since 1996.

8

Hail reports, 1 inch or larger

1

Hail, 2 inches or larger

51

Damaging gusts, 58 mph+

89

Winter weather events since 1996

0

Heat events since 1996

0

Cold events since 1996

Largest hail

September 10, 1957

2.00 inches

Strongest measured or estimated gust

June 7, 2005

75 mph

Costliest events since 1996

  1. Sep 27, 2024Flash Flood$6.5 million
    National Weather Service narrative

    Reports of water rescues in Trade were received at 8:30 am EST. By 9:30 am EST, multiple structures had been damaged by flood waters throughout Trade. Damaging flood waters occurred in Mountain City and northward through Laurel Bloomery through the morning. Employees at the Parkdale Plant between Mountain City and Midway were evacuated by helicopter. Antioch Baptist Church near Midway was completely washed away by Roan Creek, to which it was adjacent. Portions of TN 91 from Laurel Bloomery northward to the state line were washed out. Flooding hazards in the county continued into the night. Reports were received from county officials, trained spotters, social media, and broadcast media.

  2. Apr 27, 2011Tornado$1.0 million
    National Weather Service narrative

    A NWS storm survey reported an EF2 tornado touched down near Butler. It had a path length of 12 miles and a path width of 250 yards. The max wind of 120 mph destroyed homes and buildings and downed numerous trees. In addition, 2 women died. A 54 year old woman died in her home in the Doe Valley community and a 53 year old woman died in her home in Butler.

  3. Feb 23, 2019Flood$900,000
    National Weather Service narrative

    Flooding in the Neva community along Mill Creek Road.

  4. Jan 7, 1998Flash Flood$500,000
    National Weather Service narrative

    Heavy rain over several hours triggered flash flooding across these counties in northeast Tennessee.

  5. Feb 14, 2003Flood, Johnson$248,000
    National Weather Service narrative

    Four day rainfall totals of two to eight inches fell across east Tennessee, with the highest amounts occurring across the Cumberland Plateau and adjacent valleys areas. This rainfall combined with a melting snowpack (reports of up to a foot in the higher elevations) to produce widespread flooding of rivers and streams with numerous mudslides also reported (one notable mudslide pushed an apartment complex off its foundation in Knox County). The Powell, Clinch and Holston rivers measured the most significant rises with Claiborne, Rhea and Knox counties reporting the most significant damage.

  6. Jun 3, 1998Tornado$125,000
    National Weather Service narrative

    This is a continuation of the tornado originating in Carter County. The tornado's path continued to be intermittent. Near the community of Pandora, numerous trees were blown down or snapped off along hillsides and in river bottoms. Some trees were 1.5 feet in diameter. One home was totally destroyed, along with a mobile home on the same lot. The house was not attached to the foundation. Debris was scattered over the hillside over several acres. Mattresses from the home were found nearly a mile away at a convenience store, and family photos were found two miles away at the home of the sister of the owner of the destroyed house. A three-horse trailer was blown approximately…

  7. May 27, 1997Flash Flood$25,000
    National Weather Service narrative

    In the Cove Springs community, a trailer home was flooded near the hospital. In the Laurel Bloomery community, water was reported in a few homes.

  8. Dec 9, 2009High Wind, Johnson$25,000
    National Weather Service narrative

    Emergency management personnel reported numerous trees and powerlines downed by non-thunderstorm winds countywide.

  9. May 14, 2005Thunderstorm Wind$25,000
    National Weather Service narrative

    Numerous trees and large limbs downed power lines across the county.

  10. Jun 11, 2003Thunderstorm Wind$20,000
    National Weather Service narrative

    Numerous trees and power lines were reported down across the county.

  1. Storm Events records before 1996 cover only tornadoes, thunderstorm wind and hail. Damage figures are as reported by the National Weather Service at the time, not adjusted for inflation.

NOAA NCEI Storm Events Database, 1950 to 2026, issued October 26, 2026.

Weather records

From Mountain City 2, 2.8 miles from the county’s population centre, with records from 1956.

All-time high
97°F2 times, most recently Jul 1, 2012
All-time low
−24°FDec 13, 1962
Warmest night
74°FOct 10, 2017
Coldest day
4°FDec 23, 1989
Wettest day
4.03 inOct 16, 1964
Snowiest day
20.0 inMar 14, 1993
Hottest year
2017mean 55.3°F
Coldest year
1988mean 50.4°F
Wettest year
199061.00 in
Driest year
200835.35 in
Snowiest season
75.5 in1959-60
Average monthly high and low temperature and precipitation, last 30 years, Mountain City 2 32°F 45° 22° 4.0 Jan 49° 26° 3.5 Feb 57° 31° 3.6 Mar 67° 39° 4.2 Apr 74° 48° 5.0 May 80° 56° 4.0 Jun 82° 60° 5.3 Jul 81° 59° 4.7 Aug 77° 52° 3.4 Sep 68° 41° 2.5 Oct 58° 30° 2.7 Nov 49° 26° 3.4 Dec Precipitation, inches
Average daily high and low by month, and average monthly precipitation, over the last 30 years.
Nights at or below freezing per year 1988: 153 153 1989: 133 1990: 111 1991: 117 1992: 128 1993: 139 2013: 117 2014: 126 2015: 96 2016: 124 2017: 106 2018: 120 2019: 112 2020: 118 2021: 121 2022: 137 2023: 118 2024: 117 2025: 133 19882017
Nights at or below freezing each complete year, last 50 years. Thirty-year average: 118.8.
Snowfall by winter 1987: 19.3 in 1988: 27.3 in 1989: 11.2 in 1990: 4.5 in 1991: 2.6 in 1992: 38.8 in 38.8 1993: 18.0 in 1996: 6.9 in 1997: 3.5 in 1998: 18.3 in 1999: 2.5 in 2000: 13.8 in 2001: 2.1 in 2003: 17.6 in 2004: 4.8 in 2005: 26.0 in 2006: 7.0 in 2007: 6.0 in 2008: 9.5 in 2013: 21.9 in 2014: 22.1 in 2015: 18.8 in 2016: 6.0 in 2017: 2.2 in 2018: 9.6 in 2019: 1.8 in 2020: 8.3 in 2021: 14.4 in 2022: 5.0 in 2023: 9.2 in 2024: 15.8 in 2025: 20.7 in 1987199920142024
Total snowfall each winter (July to June), last 50 winters.

Median first snow

December 9

Earliest: October 27, 1957

Median last snow

March 13

Latest: April 14, 1959

0 of 51 winters had no measurable snow.

Station Mountain City 2 (USC00406292), 2,419 ft elevation, 2.8 miles from the population centre. Daily records from 1956 to October 7, 2026; 87.9% of days in the last 30 years are complete. Records at a single station can differ from a city’s official threaded record, which may combine several stations.

NOAA NCEI Global Historical Climatology Network Daily.

Federal disaster declarations

20 since 1953. The most recent: Severe Winter Storm, February 6, 2026.

Federal disaster declarations
Feb 6, 2026Winter StormSevere Winter StormMajor disasterDR-4898-TN
Jan 24, 2026Winter StormSevere Winter StormEmergencyEM-3635-TN
Apr 2, 2025Severe StormSevere Storms, Straight-Line Winds, Tornadoes, and FloodingEmergencyEM-3625-TN
Oct 2, 2024Tropical StormTropical Storm HeleneMajor disasterDR-4832-TN
Sep 27, 2024Tropical StormTropical Storm HeleneEmergencyEM-3620-TN
Apr 7, 2023Severe StormSevere Storms, Straight-Line Winds, and TornadoesMajor disasterDR-4701-TN
Apr 2, 2020BiologicalCovid-19 PandemicMajor disasterDR-4514-TN
Mar 13, 2020BiologicalCovid-19EmergencyEM-3473-TN
Apr 17, 2019FloodSevere Storms, Flooding, Landslides, and MudslidesMajor disasterDR-4427-TN
May 1, 2011Severe StormSevere Storms, Tornadoes, Straight-Line Winds, and Associated FloodingMajor disasterDR-1974-TN
Sep 5, 2005HurricaneHurricane Katrina EvacuationEmergencyEM-3217-TN
Oct 7, 2004Severe StormSevere Storms and FloodingMajor disasterDR-1568-TN
Mar 20, 2003Severe StormSevere Storms and FloodingMajor disasterDR-1456-TN
Aug 15, 2001Severe StormSevere Storms and FloodingMajor disasterDR-1387-TN
Jan 13, 1998Severe StormSevere Storms and FloodingMajor disasterDR-1197-TN
Apr 14, 1994FloodExtensive Rainfall and Flash FloodingMajor disasterDR-1022-TN
Mar 14, 1993SnowstormSevere Snowfall, Winter StormEmergencyEM-3095-TN
Nov 12, 1977FloodSevere Storms & FloodingMajor disasterDR-544-TN
Apr 4, 1974TornadoTornadoesMajor disasterDR-424-TN
Mar 21, 1973FloodHeavy Rains & FloodingMajor disasterDR-366-TN

This product uses the Federal Emergency Management Agency's OpenFEMA API, but is not endorsed by FEMA. The Federal Government or FEMA cannot vouch for the data or analyses derived from these data after the data have been retrieved from the Agency's website(s).

OpenFEMA Disaster Declarations Summaries, retrieved October 30, 2026. Statewide declarations are not listed.

How this compares

Where Johnson County stands among 95 counties in Tennessee and 3,143 in the United States.

Ranks
Tornadoes since 1950385 / 952,775 / 3,143
Tornadoes rated F3/EF3 or stronger0——
Tropical cyclones within 50 mi325 / 951,131 / 3,143
Hurricane-strength passes within 50 mi0——
Wildfire acres since 19842,24227 / 951,146 / 3,143
Flood insurance claims5141 / 951,635 / 3,143
Flood insurance paid$2.2 million29 / 951,112 / 3,143
Disaster declarations2061 / 951,524 / 3,143
Flood events since 19962774 / 952,222 / 3,143
Hail and wind events since 199610390 / 952,755 / 3,143
Winter storm events since 19968911 / 951,113 / 3,143
Reported damage since 1996$9.9 million59 / 951,956 / 3,143
River crests at major flood stage0——
High tide flooding days a year, last 10 years0.0——
Months in severe drought since 18959362 / 952,559 / 3,143
Medium or heavy smoke days a year, last 10 years10.387 / 952,525 / 3,143
Earthquakes M4+ within 50 mi since 1900731 / 95503 / 3,143
Earthquakes M2.5+ in the county since 1973324 / 95583 / 3,143

Neighbouring counties

Neighbouring counties
Ashe County NC130183
Avery County NC24808288
Carter County436,310288
Grayson County VA461826
Sullivan County321,503197
Washington County VA12276080
Watauga County NC441,480463

Sources and vintage

Every number on this page comes from these public records.

  • Tornadoes NOAA Storm Prediction Center severe weather database, through 2025.
  • Tropical cyclones NOAA National Hurricane Center HURDAT2 (Atlantic; Northeast and Central Pacific), through 2025.
  • Wildfire USGS/USFS Monitoring Trends in Burn Severity, through 2026.
  • Storm events NOAA NCEI Storm Events Database, through 2026.
  • Flood insurance OpenFEMA NFIP Redacted Claims v3, refreshed August 4, 2026.
  • Declarations OpenFEMA Disaster Declarations Summaries v2, retrieved October 30, 2026.
  • Weather records NOAA NCEI Global Historical Climatology Network Daily, station USC00406292.
  • River crests NOAA National Weather Service, National Water Prediction Service river gauges, retrieved October 30, 2026.
  • Drought NOAA NCEI nClimDiv county Palmer Drought Severity Index, through September 2026.
  • Smoke NOAA NESDIS Hazard Mapping System smoke analysis, retrieved October 30, 2026.
  • Landslides USGS Landslide Inventories across the United States, version 3.0 (2025).
  • Earthquakes USGS ANSS Comprehensive Earthquake Catalog (ComCat), retrieved October 30, 2026.

Joins, thresholds and known limits are set out in the methodology. Found an error? Report it. Page built October 30, 2026.