Calhoun County

Population 5,978 (2025) 279 sq mi

Property owners in Calhoun County have filed 264 federal flood insurance claims since 1978, 34th most of 55 counties in West Virginia.

Hazard fingerprint for Calhoun County Tornado: 0th percentile. Tropical: 34th percentile. Wildfire: 0th percentile. Flood: 85th percentile. Hail & wind: 42th percentile. Heat: 72th percentile. Cold: 81th percentile. Winter: 49th percentile. TORTROPFIREFLOODSEVEREHEATCOLDWINTER

Hazard fingerprint Each spoke is this county’s percentile among U.S. counties where that hazard occurs. How it is computed

2026
  • Tropical cyclone tracks within 100 miles since 1851, wider where stronger6
  • Major flood years since 19784

At a glance

The record for Calhoun County in eight numbers. Each links to its section below.

Flood insurance claims

264

34th of 55 in West Virginia

$2.4 million paid since 1978

Details

Tropical cyclones within 50 mi

4

9th of 55 in West Virginia

None at hurricane strength since 1851

Details

Strongest tropical cyclone

TS

Tropical storm (unnamed), 1888, 19.5 miles away

Federal disaster declarations

24

Most recent: Severe Winter Storm, 2026

Details

Record high

105°F

July 26, 1934

Details

Record low

−31°F

Reached 2 times, most recently January 20, 1994

Details

Snowiest season

68.1in

Winter of 2009-10

Costliest event since 1996

$900K

Flash Flood, August 29, 2005

Details

Tornadoes

No tornado is recorded here in the Storm Prediction Center database, which begins in 1950.

Hurricanes and tropical storms

4 passed within 50 miles since 1851; none at hurricane strength.

Strongest within 50 miles

August 21, 1888

Unnamed storm, Tropical storm

19.5 miles at closest approach, winds near 52 mph.

Most recent

September 19, 2003

Isabel, Tropical storm

92.0 miles at closest approach.

Tropical cyclones within 50 miles by decade 50s: 0 60s: 0 70s: 0 80s: 1 1 90s: 0 00s: 0 10s: 0 20s: 0 30s: 0 40s: 0 50s: 1 60s: 0 70s: 1 80s: 1 90s: 0 00s: 0 10s: 0 20s: 0 50s60s70s80s90s00s10s20s30s40s50s60s70s80s90s00s10s20s
Storms within 50 miles, by decade. Records before about 1900 miss storms that never reached land or ships.

Every storm within 100 miles

Tropical cyclones within 100 miles
Isabel200392.0Tropical storm48Category 5
Opal199595.4Post-tropical46Category 4
Hugo198918.7Tropical storm45Category 5
Frederic197919.5Tropical storm40Category 4
Audrey195726.2Tropical storm45Category 3
Unnamed193435.1Post-tropical44Category 2
Unnamed193298.7Post-tropical40Tropical storm
Unnamed191510.9Post-tropical40Category 4
Unnamed188819.5Tropical storm52Category 3
Unnamed187882.5Tropical storm58Category 2
  1. Tropical storms and hurricanes (34 kt or more, still tropical) at closest approach. Post-tropical remnants with gale-force winds are listed but not counted. Direct: track within 50 miles; near: within 100 miles. Distance is measured to the county boundary for counties and to the city centre for cities, using positions interpolated hourly between HURDAT2 fixes.

National Hurricane Center HURDAT2, 1851 to 2025.

Wildfire and smoke

No large wildfire has been mapped here since satellite mapping began in 1984.

Smoke overhead

Smokiest year

2023: 55 days

Heavy smoke on 14 days in 2023, the most of any year.

Last 10 years

13.6 days a year

Medium or heavy smoke, 2016 to 2025.

2025

12 days

Medium or heavy smoke. 34 so far in 2026.

Days with medium or heavy smoke overhead, by year 2011: 2 2012: 2 2013: 0 2014: 1 2015: 6 2016: 0 2017: 2 2018: 5 2019: 8 2020: 9 2021: 26 2022: 8 2023: 55 55 2024: 11 2025: 12 201120122013201420152016201720182019202020212022202320242025
Days each year on which a satellite-traced plume of medium or heavy smoke covered the county’s population centre, 2011 to 2025.
  1. A smoke day is a date on which a smoke plume traced by NOAA Hazard Mapping System analysts from satellite imagery covered this place's point (the county's population centre or the city centre). Counts here are of medium or heavy smoke. Since 2018 analysts have often drawn light smoke as one area over most of the continent, so light-smoke counts are not comparable from year to year. The plumes show smoke anywhere in the air above, not air quality at the ground, and smoke hidden by cloud is missed.

NOAA Hazard Mapping System smoke analysis, 2011 to 2026, retrieved October 30, 2026.

Floods and flood insurance

264 federal flood insurance claims since 1978, with $2.4 million paid.

Federal flood insurance claims by year 1978: 26 1985: 56 56 1989: 9 1994: 13 1997: 54 2000: 22 2003: 46 2005: 6 2009: 10 19782000
Claims per year since 1978. Years with fewer than five claims are not shown.

Most claims in one year

1985: 56 claims

$482,000 paid.

2nd most

1997: 54 claims

$692,000 paid.

3rd most

2003: 46 claims

$389,000 paid.

Claims by ZIP code

Flood insurance claims by ZIP code
26147169$1.1 million
2523444$763,000
2613620$165,000
2526812$123,000
261416$57,000

Flood events since 1996

  • Flash Flood29
  • Flood19
  • Heavy Rain8

1 death recorded in flood events since 1996.

This product uses the Federal Emergency Management Agency's OpenFEMA API, but is not endorsed by FEMA. The Federal Government or FEMA cannot vouch for the data or analyses derived from these data after the data have been retrieved from the Agency's website(s).

OpenFEMA NFIP Redacted Claims v3, refreshed August 4, 2026. NOAA Storm Events through 2026.

River crests

Highest river crests above flood stage
Apr 12, 2024Little Kanawha River at Grantsville35.72−0.28Action
Feb 17, 2018Little Kanawha River at Grantsville34.31−1.69Action

River gauges

River gauges and their highest listed crests
Little Kanawha River at Grantsville36.035.72 ftApr 12, 20240
  1. Crests are the highest and the recent crests the National Weather Service lists for each river gauge in the county that has a flood stage, not every flood. Flood categories use each gauge's current flood stages; crests from before levees, dams or channel changes may not be comparable. Crests measured on an old datum are left out of the rankings.

NOAA National Water Prediction Service gauge records, retrieved October 30, 2026.

Drought

In severe drought or worse for 130 of 1,581 months since 1895 (8%); the longest spell lasted 18 months.

130

Months in severe drought or worse since 1895

45

Months in extreme drought

8%

Share of all months, severe or worse

18

Drought reports to the Weather Service since 1996

Lowest reading

January 1931

−6.51, extreme drought

Longest severe spell

18 months

August 1965 to January 1967.

Latest month

September 2026

+3.16, very wet

Last severe month: July 2026.

Months in severe drought or worse, by year 1895: 4 1896: 5 1897: 0 1898: 0 1899: 0 1900: 4 1901: 3 1902: 0 1903: 0 1904: 5 1905: 9 1906: 0 1907: 0 1908: 0 1909: 0 1910: 0 1911: 1 1912: 0 1913: 0 1914: 1 1915: 0 1916: 0 1917: 0 1918: 0 1919: 0 1920: 0 1921: 0 1922: 0 1923: 0 1924: 0 1925: 0 1926: 0 1927: 0 1928: 0 1929: 0 1930: 6 1931: 9 1932: 0 1933: 0 1934: 0 1935: 0 1936: 3 1937: 0 1938: 0 1939: 0 1940: 1 1941: 2 1942: 7 1943: 0 1944: 0 1945: 0 1946: 0 1947: 3 1948: 0 1949: 0 1950: 0 1951: 0 1952: 0 1953: 4 1954: 6 1955: 1 1956: 1 1957: 1 1958: 0 1959: 2 1960: 0 1961: 0 1962: 0 1963: 0 1964: 0 1965: 5 1966: 12 12 1967: 1 1968: 0 1969: 0 1970: 0 1971: 0 1972: 0 1973: 0 1974: 0 1975: 0 1976: 0 1977: 0 1978: 0 1979: 0 1980: 0 1981: 0 1982: 0 1983: 0 1984: 0 1985: 0 1986: 0 1987: 3 1988: 5 1989: 0 1990: 0 1991: 2 1992: 0 1993: 0 1994: 0 1995: 0 1996: 0 1997: 0 1998: 0 1999: 6 2000: 2 2001: 0 2002: 0 2003: 0 2004: 0 2005: 0 2006: 0 2007: 0 2008: 0 2009: 0 2010: 0 2011: 0 2012: 0 2013: 0 2014: 0 2015: 0 2016: 0 2017: 0 2018: 0 2019: 0 2020: 0 2021: 0 2022: 0 2023: 0 2024: 5 2025: 4 18951905191519251935194519551965197519851995200520152025
Months each year with a Palmer index of −3 or lower, 1895 to 2025. Twelve means the whole year.
  1. The Palmer Drought Severity Index is computed by NOAA each month from the county's average temperature and precipitation, relative to the county's own climate. Zero is normal; -3 or lower is severe drought and -4 or lower extreme drought. It describes the long-term balance of moisture, not water supply or crop losses.

NOAA NCEI nClimDiv county Palmer Drought Severity Index, 1895 to September 2026, issued October 6, 2026.

Earthquakes and landslides

31 earthquakes of magnitude 2.5 or more within 50 miles since 1926; none reached magnitude 4.

0

Magnitude 2.5+ inside the county since 1973

6

Magnitude 3+ within 50 miles since 1973

0

Magnitude 4+ within 50 miles since 1900

0

Magnitude 5+ within 50 miles since 1900

Largest within 50 miles

November 5, 1926

Magnitude 3.8

6 km NNE of Rutland, Ohio; 45.8 miles away.

Most recent, magnitude 3 or more

April 2, 2017

Magnitude 3.0

5 km W of Graysville, Ohio; 43.4 miles away.

Earthquakes of magnitude 3 or more within 50 miles, by year 1973: 0 1974: 1 1 1975: 0 1976: 0 1977: 0 1978: 0 1979: 0 1980: 0 1981: 0 1982: 0 1983: 0 1984: 0 1985: 0 1986: 0 1987: 0 1988: 0 1989: 0 1990: 0 1991: 1 1992: 0 1993: 0 1994: 0 1995: 0 1996: 0 1997: 0 1998: 0 1999: 0 2000: 0 2001: 0 2002: 0 2003: 0 2004: 0 2005: 0 2006: 0 2007: 0 2008: 0 2009: 0 2010: 1 2011: 1 2012: 0 2013: 1 2014: 0 2015: 0 2016: 0 2017: 1 2018: 0 2019: 0 2020: 0 2021: 0 2022: 0 2023: 0 2024: 0 2025: 0 19731978198319881993199820032008201320182023
Per year, 1973 to 2025.
  1. Earthquakes of magnitude 2.5 or more in the USGS Comprehensive Catalog since 1900. Within 50 miles means the epicentre lies within 50 miles of the county boundary (or inside the county).
  2. Small earthquakes were under-recorded before the modern seismic networks of the 1970s and are still missed in remote areas, so early decades read low. Magnitudes are as the catalogue reports them and mix scales (moment, local and body-wave).

USGS ANSS Comprehensive Earthquake Catalog, 1900 to present, retrieved October 30, 2026.

Mapped landslides

1,438

Landslides mapped, probable or better

0

With a recorded date

1

Source inventory

Mapped by WV GS (1,438).

  1. Landslides mapped in the USGS compilation of landslide inventories across the United States (version 3.0, 2025), rated probable or better. The compilation joins inventories made by federal and state agencies for different purposes and areas, so the number mapped in a county reflects how closely it has been surveyed as much as how often its slopes fail. An area with few records may simply not have been mapped. Deaths are as recorded in the inventories; a slide listed in two inventories is counted once.

USGS Landslide Inventories across the United States, version 3.0, retrieved October 27, 2026.

Severe weather and other events

310 events in the National Weather Service record, 296 of them since 1996.

16

Hail reports, 1 inch or larger

0

Hail, 2 inches or larger

40

Damaging gusts, 58 mph+

67

Winter weather events since 1996

19

Heat events since 1996

31

Cold events since 1996

Largest hail

March 21, 2011

1.75 inches

Strongest measured or estimated gust

June 23, 2016

100 mph

Costliest events since 1996

  1. Aug 29, 2005Flash Flood$900,000
    National Weather Service narrative

    Most of the flooding occurred from the headwaters of the West Fork of the Little Kanawha River, including Walker Creek and Walnut Fork, on north, to the Arnoldsburg and Millstone vicinity. In 3 hours ending at 1600E, 3.45 inches of rain fell at the gauge near Walnut. About 75 family dwellings, 3 businesses, 1 fire hall, and a community building sustained some degree of water damage. In Arnoldsburg, 2 houses were flooded, but most of the damage was along Route 16 near Stinson, Chloe, and Minnora. Four cars, 1 truck, 1 motorcycle, and 2 four wheelers were destroyed. On Walnut Road, 30 bales of hay floated down and backed up the water at the bridge crossing Route 16. In Calhoun…

  2. Jun 29, 2012Thunderstorm Wind$750,000
    National Weather Service narrative

    Numerous trees and large branches were blown down in the county. Electricity was lost to about 5,500 customers. Two houses were destroyed, 2 others had major damage, and 1 more had minor damage. The public infrastructure damage assessment was near $47,000.

  3. Mar 1, 1997Flash Flood$500,000
  4. Feb 18, 2000Flash Flood$400,000
    National Weather Service narrative

    A warm front surged north during the morning of Friday the 18th, dropping a half inch to an inch of rain. Meanwhile, low pressure extended from southern Ohio on down the entire length of the Ohio River during that afternoon. A southerly wind at the surface, with dew points in the 55 to 60 degree range, fed moisture north from Tennessee and Kentucky. This moisture was advected into the boundary along the Ohio River. Additional rains sank south into western and central West Virginia during the afternoon of the 18th, reaching the Charleston to Sutton corridor around 1500E. The southern edge of the rain lifted a bit further north during the early evening hours, temporarily ending the…

  5. Feb 16, 2003Ice Storm, Calhoun$400,000
    National Weather Service narrative

    A severe ice storm occurred across a narrow east to west band of counties. The severe ice continued west, into southeast Ohio and northeast Kentucky. Ice from freezing rain accumulated 1 to 3 inches on power lines and trees. The precipitation then ended as snow on the 17th. The added weight from the ice, broke limbs and snapped the tops off thousands of trees. Other trees were uprooted or left leaning at precarious angles. The fallen trees blocked many roads. Power outages were widespread, and lasted for more than 3 days. Refrigerated frozen foods thawed and spoiled. Phone and water services were also interrupted. The Red Cross opened shelters. One gas station in Ravenswood wired…

  6. May 4, 2009Flood$250,000
    National Weather Service narrative

    The West Fork of the Little Kanawha River and its feeder streams flooded roads and homes. Later that day, the main stem of the Little Kanawha River flooded. The crest at Grantsville was just over 1 foot about flood stage, cresting near 37 feet overnight on May 4th into the 5th. In the county, 2 homes had major damage, while several other homes received minor damage. Three businesses also received damage. The elememtary school in Arnoldsburg got about 17 to 18 inches of water inside. School employees moved vulnerable supplies to higher ground before the water spilled inside. One church had a basement classroom damaged.

  7. Jun 28, 1998Flash Flood$200,000
    National Weather Service narrative

    A few evacuations took place along Philip Run.

  8. Jul 30, 2020Flash Flood$200,000
    National Weather Service narrative

    Rain gauges indicated 4 to 5 of rain fell around Grantsville, causing numerous areas of flash flooding. Parts of Route 16 were closed, and several homes along the road were damaged by high water. Pine Creek flooded, washing away a driveway bridge and flooding several vehicles. Philip Run also experienced flooding, with several homes damaged by the high water.

  9. Mar 2, 1997Flood, Calhoun$200,000
  10. Feb 19, 2000Flood, Calhoun$150,000
    National Weather Service narrative

    A warm front surged north during the morning of Friday the 18th, dropping a half inch to an inch of rain. Meanwhile, low pressure extended from southern Ohio on down the entire length of the Ohio River during that afternoon. A southerly wind at the surface, with dew points in the 55 to 60 degree range, fed moisture north from Tennessee and Kentucky. This moisture was advected into the boundary along the Ohio River. Additional rains sank south into western and central West Virginia during the afternoon of the 18th, reaching the Charleston to Sutton corridor around 1500E. The southern edge of the rain lifted a bit further north during the early evening hours, temporarily ending the…

  1. Storm Events records before 1996 cover only tornadoes, thunderstorm wind and hail. Damage figures are as reported by the National Weather Service at the time, not adjusted for inflation.

NOAA NCEI Storm Events Database, 1950 to 2026, issued October 26, 2026.

Weather records

From Spencer, 14.1 miles from the county’s population centre, with records from 1892.

All-time high
105°FJul 26, 1934
All-time low
−31°F2 times, most recently Jan 20, 1994
Warmest night
85°F2 times, most recently Jun 27, 1953
Coldest day
−4°FDec 25, 1983
Wettest day
4.26 inJun 26, 1918
Snowiest day
16.0 inDec 26, 1894
Hottest year
1921mean 57.6°F
Coldest year
1981mean 50.4°F
Wettest year
198966.37 in
Driest year
193025.92 in
Snowiest season
68.1 in2009-10
Average monthly high and low temperature and precipitation, last 30 years, Spencer 32°F 41° 22° 3.4 Jan 45° 24° 3.3 Feb 55° 30° 3.9 Mar 66° 39° 3.9 Apr 74° 49° 4.8 May 81° 57° 4.8 Jun 84° 61° 5.5 Jul 84° 60° 3.9 Aug 79° 53° 3.4 Sep 67° 42° 3.2 Oct 55° 31° 2.8 Nov 46° 27° 3.5 Dec Precipitation, inches
Average daily high and low by month, and average monthly precipitation, over the last 30 years.
Nights at or below freezing per year 1973: 95 1974: 103 1975: 109 1976: 135 1978: 135 1979: 137 1980: 147 1981: 165 165 1982: 134 1983: 131 1984: 118 1985: 98 1986: 114 1989: 138 1991: 120 1992: 142 1993: 140 1996: 143 1997: 142 1998: 116 1999: 136 2000: 134 2001: 128 2002: 114 2003: 115 2004: 103 2005: 112 2006: 113 2007: 112 2008: 126 2009: 117 2010: 142 2011: 121 2012: 116 2013: 142 2014: 123 2015: 119 2016: 123 2017: 105 2018: 141 2019: 120 2020: 122 2021: 124 2022: 125 19731984199920092019
Nights at or below freezing each complete year, last 50 years. Thirty-year average: 124.1.
Snowfall by winter 1978: 46.7 in 1979: 33.9 in 1980: 33.7 in 1981: 44.4 in 1982: 31.7 in 1983: 32.2 in 1984: 34.4 in 1986: 24.6 in 1987: 14.5 in 1988: 5.4 in 1989: 20.0 in 1990: 16.0 in 1991: 12.8 in 1992: 24.4 in 1993: 47.4 in 1996: 11.3 in 1997: 13.0 in 1998: 20.9 in 1999: 16.4 in 2000: 15.1 in 2001: 11.9 in 2002: 27.5 in 2003: 14.8 in 2004: 19.5 in 2005: 11.7 in 2006: 15.0 in 2007: 13.6 in 2008: 17.2 in 2009: 68.1 in 68.1 2015: 32.3 in 2016: 6.8 in 2017: 25.7 in 2018: 17.9 in 2019: 8.7 in 2020: 26.8 in 2021: 33.0 in 2022: 5.1 in 2023: 7.4 in 1978198920012016
Total snowfall each winter (July to June), last 50 winters.

Median first snow

December 1

Earliest: October 24, 1937

Median last snow

March 14

Latest: April 28, 1928

0 of 76 winters had no measurable snow.

Station Spencer (USC00468384), 972 ft elevation, 14.1 miles from the population centre. Daily records from 1892 to August 31, 2026; 92.2% of days in the last 30 years are complete. Records at a single station can differ from a city’s official threaded record, which may combine several stations.

NOAA NCEI Global Historical Climatology Network Daily.

Federal disaster declarations

24 since 1953. The most recent: Severe Winter Storm, January 24, 2026.

Federal disaster declarations
Jan 24, 2026Winter StormSevere Winter StormEmergencyEM-3639-WV
Jan 30, 2024FloodSevere Storms, Flooding, Landslides, and MudslidesMajor disasterDR-4756-WV
Apr 3, 2020BiologicalCovid-19 PandemicMajor disasterDR-4517-WV
Mar 13, 2020BiologicalCovid-19EmergencyEM-3450-WV
Apr 17, 2018Mud/LandslideSevere Storms, Flooding, Landslides, and MudslidesMajor disasterDR-4359-WV
May 21, 2015FloodSevere Storms, Flooding, Landslides, and MudslidesMajor disasterDR-4221-WV
Oct 29, 2012HurricaneHurricane SandyEmergencyEM-3358-WV
Jul 23, 2012Severe StormSevere Storms and Straight-Line WindsMajor disasterDR-4071-WV
Jun 30, 2012Severe StormSevere StormsEmergencyEM-3345-WV
Mar 2, 2010SnowstormSevere Winter Storm and SnowstormMajor disasterDR-1881-WV
May 15, 2009Severe StormSevere Storms, Flooding, Mudslides, and LandslidesMajor disasterDR-1838-WV
Jun 19, 2008Severe StormSevere Storms, Tornadoes, Flooding, Mudslides, andMajor disasterDR-1769-WV
Sep 5, 2005HurricaneHurricane Katrina EvacuationEmergencyEM-3221-WV
Jun 7, 2004Severe StormSevere Storms, Flooding, and LandslidesMajor disasterDR-1522-WV
Nov 21, 2003Severe StormSevere Storms, Flooding, and LandslidesMajor disasterDR-1500-WV
Mar 14, 2003Severe StormSevere Winter Storm, Record/Near Record Snow, Heavy Rains, Flooding and LandslidesMajor disasterDR-1455-WV
Jun 3, 2001Severe StormSevere Storms, Flooding and LandslidesMajor disasterDR-1378-WV
Feb 28, 2000FloodFlooding, Severe Storms, and LandslidesMajor disasterDR-1319-WV
Jul 1, 1998Severe StormSevere Storms and FloodingMajor disasterDR-1229-WV
Mar 7, 1997FloodHeavy & Wind Driven Rain, High Winds,Flooding,SlidesMajor disasterDR-1168-WV
Jan 13, 1996SnowstormBlizzard of 96 (Severe Snow Storm)Major disasterDR-1084-WV
Mar 17, 1993SnowstormSevere Snowfall & Winter StormEmergencyEM-3109-WV
Nov 7, 1985FloodSevere Storms & FloodingMajor disasterDR-753-WV
Mar 13, 1967FloodFloodingMajor disasterDR-224-WV

This product uses the Federal Emergency Management Agency's OpenFEMA API, but is not endorsed by FEMA. The Federal Government or FEMA cannot vouch for the data or analyses derived from these data after the data have been retrieved from the Agency's website(s).

OpenFEMA Disaster Declarations Summaries, retrieved October 30, 2026. Statewide declarations are not listed.

How this compares

Where Calhoun County stands among 55 counties in West Virginia and 3,143 in the United States.

Ranks
Tornadoes since 19500——
Tornadoes rated F3/EF3 or stronger0——
Tropical cyclones within 50 mi49 / 551,001 / 3,143
Hurricane-strength passes within 50 mi0——
Wildfire acres since 19840——
Flood insurance claims26434 / 55798 / 3,143
Flood insurance paid$2.4 million41 / 551,083 / 3,143
Disaster declarations2426 / 55900 / 3,143
Flood events since 19965646 / 551,278 / 3,143
Hail and wind events since 199610553 / 552,740 / 3,143
Winter storm events since 19966736 / 551,541 / 3,143
Reported damage since 1996$5.5 million44 / 552,332 / 3,143
River crests at major flood stage0——
High tide flooding days a year, last 10 years0.0——
Months in severe drought since 18951304 / 551,459 / 3,143
Medium or heavy smoke days a year, last 10 years13.617 / 551,889 / 3,143
Earthquakes M4+ within 50 mi since 19000——
Earthquakes M2.5+ in the county since 19730——

Neighbouring counties

Neighbouring counties
Braxton County13040
Clay County046,95476
Gilmer County130455
Ritchie County13065
Roane County140189
Wirt County14067

Sources and vintage

Every number on this page comes from these public records.

  • Tornadoes NOAA Storm Prediction Center severe weather database, through 2025.
  • Tropical cyclones NOAA National Hurricane Center HURDAT2 (Atlantic; Northeast and Central Pacific), through 2025.
  • Wildfire USGS/USFS Monitoring Trends in Burn Severity, through 2026.
  • Storm events NOAA NCEI Storm Events Database, through 2026.
  • Flood insurance OpenFEMA NFIP Redacted Claims v3, refreshed August 4, 2026.
  • Declarations OpenFEMA Disaster Declarations Summaries v2, retrieved October 30, 2026.
  • Weather records NOAA NCEI Global Historical Climatology Network Daily, station USC00468384.
  • River crests NOAA National Weather Service, National Water Prediction Service river gauges, retrieved October 30, 2026.
  • Drought NOAA NCEI nClimDiv county Palmer Drought Severity Index, through September 2026.
  • Smoke NOAA NESDIS Hazard Mapping System smoke analysis, retrieved October 30, 2026.
  • Landslides USGS Landslide Inventories across the United States, version 3.0 (2025).
  • Earthquakes USGS ANSS Comprehensive Earthquake Catalog (ComCat), retrieved October 30, 2026.

Joins, thresholds and known limits are set out in the methodology. Found an error? Report it. Page built October 30, 2026.