Brunswick
Population 15,730 (2025)
65 tropical storms and hurricanes have passed within 50 miles of Brunswick since 1851; the strongest at closest approach was an unnamed storm in 1893 (Category 3).
Hazard fingerprint Each spoke is this county’s percentile among U.S. counties where that hazard occurs. How it is computed
- Tornado damage paths within 25 miles since 195045
- Tropical cyclone tracks within 100 miles since 1851, wider where stronger110
- Wildfire burn scars within 25 miles since 198410
- Major flood years since 1978, Glynn County4
At a glance
Tornado paths within 25 miles, tropical cyclone tracks within 100 miles and wildfire perimeters within 25 miles of the city centre. Storm events, flood insurance claims and disaster declarations are for Glynn County. Earthquakes within 50 miles, volcanoes within 100 miles and smoke days are measured from the city centre; river and tide gauges, tsunami and landslide records and the drought index are for Glynn County.
Strongest tornado
EF4
May 11, 2008, 11.0 mile path
Strongest tropical cyclone
Cat. 3
Hurricane (unnamed), 1893, 45.8 miles away
Tornadoes
About one every 1.7 years since 1950, 2 of them rated F3/EF3 or stronger.
Strongest
May 11, 2008
EF4, 11.0 mile path
700 yards wide.
Most recent
Wednesday, August 30, 2023
EF1, 0.3 mile path
3 years ago.
Every recorded tornado
| Aug 30, 2023 | EF1 | 0.3 | 0 | 0 |
| Aug 30, 2023 | EF1 | 7.9 | 0 | 0 |
| Aug 30, 2023 | EF0 | 9.8 | 0 | 0 |
| Jul 7, 2021 | EF1 | 7.6 | 17 | 0 |
| Apr 23, 2020 | EF0 | 0.3 | 0 | 0 |
| Apr 23, 2020 | EF0 | 0.5 | 0 | 0 |
| Dec 2, 2018 | EF3 | 7.1 | 4 | 0 |
| Dec 2, 2018 | EF1 | 0.6 | 0 | 0 |
| Jan 22, 2017 | EF1 | 16.6 | 0 | 0 |
| Jul 18, 2012 | EF0 | 0.5 | 0 | 0 |
| Apr 28, 2011 | EF0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0 |
| Jun 4, 2009 | EF0 | 2.1 | 0 | 0 |
| Oct 24, 2008 | EF0 | 0.2 | 0 | 0 |
| May 11, 2008 | EF1 | 5.2 | 0 | 0 |
| May 11, 2008 | EF4 | 11.0 | 9 | 0 |
| Mar 7, 2008 | EF0 | 0.6 | 0 | 0 |
| Mar 7, 2008 | EF1 | 0.6 | 0 | 0 |
| Jan 13, 2006 | F0 | 0.1 | 0 | 0 |
| Oct 5, 2005 | F0 | 2.0 | 0 | 0 |
| Sep 5, 2004 | F0 | 0.3 | 0 | 0 |
| Aug 15, 2004 | F0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0 |
| Apr 25, 2003 | F0 | 0.1 | 0 | 0 |
| May 27, 2001 | F0 | 5.0 | 0 | 0 |
| Apr 24, 2000 | F0 | 0.1 | 0 | 0 |
| Apr 24, 2000 | F0 | 0.1 | 0 | 0 |
| Feb 16, 1998 | F0 | 0.5 | 0 | 0 |
| Feb 16, 1998 | F0 | 0.2 | 1 | 0 |
| Nov 7, 1995 | F0 | 12.0 | 0 | 0 |
| Nov 7, 1995 | F1 | 6.5 | 0 | 0 |
| Jun 5, 1995 | F1 | 0.7 | 0 | 0 |
| Jun 27, 1993 | F0 | 0.3 | 0 | 0 |
| Sep 28, 1984 | F1 | 1.0 | 0 | 0 |
| Feb 27, 1984 | F1 | 0.2 | 0 | 0 |
| Feb 27, 1984 | F2 | 3.0 | 0 | 0 |
| Jun 9, 1975 | F1 | 0.1 | 0 | 0 |
| Apr 14, 1975 | F1 | 0.5 | 0 | 0 |
| Jul 21, 1969 | F1 | 0.5 | 0 | 0 |
| Jul 8, 1966 | F1 | 6.6 | 0 | 0 |
| Mar 18, 1965 | F0 | 0.3 | 0 | 0 |
| May 20, 1963 | F1 | 0.2 | 0 | 0 |
| Feb 24, 1963 | F2 | 1.0 | 0 | 0 |
| Jan 13, 1963 | F2 | 1.0 | 0 | 0 |
| Jun 8, 1957 | F1 | 1.0 | 0 | 0 |
| May 3, 1957 | F1 | 1.0 | 1 | 0 |
| Apr 10, 1956 | F0 | 0.3 | 0 | 0 |
- Injuries and deaths are for the tornado’s whole path, which may extend beyond this area.
- Weak tornadoes were under-recorded before Doppler radar coverage became national in the early 1990s, so earlier decades read low. Ratings use the Fujita scale before February 2007 and the Enhanced Fujita scale after.
Storm Prediction Center severe weather database, 1950 to 2025.
Hurricanes and tropical storms
65 passed within 50 miles since 1851; 15 at hurricane strength, 4 as major hurricanes.
Strongest within 50 miles
October 13, 1893
Unnamed storm, Category 3
45.8 miles at closest approach, winds near 121 mph.
Most recent
August 6, 2024
Debby, Tropical storm
22.7 miles at closest approach.
Every storm within 100 miles
| Debby | 2024 | 22.7 | Tropical storm |
| Idalia | 2023 | 59.7 | Tropical storm |
| Elsa | 2021 | 75.4 | Tropical storm |
| Eta | 2020 | 19.1 | Tropical storm |
| Matthew | 2016 | 51.3 | Category 2 |
| Julia | 2016 | 4.5 | Tropical storm |
| Hermine | 2016 | 61.4 | Tropical storm |
| Colin | 2016 | 2.4 | Tropical storm |
| Andrea | 2013 | 16.4 | Tropical storm |
| Alberto | 2012 | 86.4 | Tropical storm |
| Barry | 2007 | 3.2 | Tropical storm |
| Alberto | 2006 | 75.4 | Tropical storm |
| Tammy | 2005 | 40.0 | Tropical storm |
| Charley | 2004 | 64.7 | Category 1 |
| Kyle | 2002 | 41.7 | Tropical storm |
| Josephine | 1996 | 25.6 | Post-tropical |
| Chris | 1988 | 37.7 | Tropical storm |
| Kate | 1985 | 82.2 | Tropical storm |
| Bob | 1985 | 57.5 | Category 1 |
| Isidore | 1984 | 26.5 | Tropical storm |
| Diana | 1984 | 97.0 | Tropical storm |
| Unnamed | 1982 | 46.2 | Subtropical storm |
| Dennis | 1981 | 40.6 | Tropical storm |
| David | 1979 | 21.3 | Category 1 |
| Unnamed | 1976 | 17.9 | Subtropical storm |
| Dottie | 1976 | 86.9 | Tropical storm |
| Unnamed | 1976 | 11.8 | Subtropical storm |
| Alpha | 1972 | 23.3 | Subtropical storm |
| Gladys | 1968 | 72.2 | Category 1 |
| Dolly | 1968 | 93.7 | Tropical storm |
| Brenda | 1968 | 73.6 | Tropical storm |
| Abby | 1968 | 13.8 | Tropical storm |
| Alma | 1966 | 49.2 | Tropical storm |
| Hilda | 1964 | 10.6 | Post-tropical |
| Dora | 1964 | 82.0 | Tropical storm |
| Cleo | 1964 | 10.2 | Tropical storm |
| Donna | 1960 | 78.9 | Category 1 |
| Brenda | 1960 | 31.9 | Tropical storm |
| Unnamed | 1957 | 44.3 | Tropical storm |
| Unnamed | 1956 | 91.8 | Tropical storm |
| Flossy | 1956 | 97.1 | Post-tropical |
| Unnamed | 1954 | 53.5 | Tropical storm |
| Florence | 1953 | 60.7 | Post-tropical |
| Able | 1952 | 73.2 | Category 2 |
| King | 1950 | 93.5 | Tropical storm |
| Unnamed | 1949 | 85.0 | Category 1 |
| Unnamed | 1947 | 43.6 | Category 2 |
| Unnamed | 1947 | 23.3 | Tropical storm |
| Unnamed | 1947 | 21.7 | Post-tropical |
| Unnamed | 1946 | 33.5 | Tropical storm |
| Unnamed | 1945 | 18.4 | Tropical storm |
| Unnamed | 1945 | 81.2 | Tropical storm |
| Unnamed | 1944 | 5.9 | Tropical storm |
| Unnamed | 1941 | 99.1 | Tropical storm |
| Unnamed | 1940 | 73.8 | Category 1 |
| Unnamed | 1935 | 80.4 | Tropical storm |
| Unnamed | 1933 | 72.3 | Tropical storm |
| Unnamed | 1932 | 13.6 | Tropical storm |
| Unnamed | 1929 | 94.0 | Post-tropical |
| Unnamed | 1928 | 21.1 | Category 1 |
| Unnamed | 1927 | 97.9 | Tropical storm |
| Unnamed | 1926 | 78.9 | Tropical storm |
| Unnamed | 1924 | 58.2 | Post-tropical |
| Unnamed | 1924 | 44.1 | Tropical storm |
| Unnamed | 1919 | 7.4 | Tropical storm |
| Unnamed | 1916 | 25.4 | Tropical storm |
| Unnamed | 1916 | 10.2 | Tropical storm |
| Unnamed | 1915 | 39.9 | Tropical storm |
| Unnamed | 1914 | 32.8 | Tropical storm |
| Unnamed | 1912 | 11.5 | Tropical storm |
| Unnamed | 1911 | 77.8 | Tropical storm |
| Unnamed | 1910 | 2.9 | Tropical storm |
| Unnamed | 1907 | 52.5 | Tropical storm |
| Unnamed | 1907 | 26.7 | Tropical storm |
| Unnamed | 1906 | 30.1 | Tropical storm |
| Unnamed | 1902 | 83.1 | Tropical storm |
| Unnamed | 1900 | 28.1 | Tropical storm |
| Unnamed | 1899 | 97.0 | Tropical storm |
| Unnamed | 1898 | 12.3 | Category 3 |
| Unnamed | 1898 | 73.1 | Category 1 |
| Unnamed | 1896 | 22.3 | Category 2 |
| Unnamed | 1894 | 78.3 | Category 1 |
| Unnamed | 1894 | 32.9 | Category 1 |
| Unnamed | 1893 | 45.8 | Category 3 |
| Unnamed | 1893 | 32.3 | Category 3 |
| Unnamed | 1893 | 29.1 | Tropical storm |
| Unnamed | 1889 | 45.1 | Tropical storm |
| Unnamed | 1888 | 36.1 | Category 1 |
| Unnamed | 1888 | 45.6 | Tropical storm |
| Unnamed | 1886 | 64.1 | Tropical storm |
| Unnamed | 1886 | 83.8 | Tropical storm |
| Unnamed | 1885 | 58.0 | Tropical storm |
| Unnamed | 1885 | 58.6 | Tropical storm |
| Unnamed | 1885 | 16.0 | Tropical storm |
| Unnamed | 1885 | 11.5 | Tropical storm |
| Unnamed | 1885 | 43.7 | Category 2 |
| Unnamed | 1884 | 28.7 | Tropical storm |
| Unnamed | 1882 | 4.8 | Tropical storm |
| Unnamed | 1881 | 43.5 | Category 2 |
| Unnamed | 1880 | 75.4 | Tropical storm |
| Unnamed | 1880 | 10.1 | Tropical storm |
| Unnamed | 1879 | 80.9 | Tropical storm |
| Unnamed | 1878 | 17.8 | Tropical storm |
| Unnamed | 1878 | 47.8 | Category 1 |
| Unnamed | 1877 | 99.8 | Tropical storm |
| Unnamed | 1877 | 4.5 | Tropical storm |
| Unnamed | 1874 | 14.8 | Category 1 |
| Unnamed | 1873 | 44.9 | Tropical storm |
| Unnamed | 1873 | 21.8 | Tropical storm |
| Unnamed | 1871 | 56.1 | Tropical storm |
| Unnamed | 1871 | 37.2 | Tropical storm |
| Unnamed | 1871 | 5.6 | Tropical storm |
| Unnamed | 1868 | 18.7 | Tropical storm |
| Unnamed | 1867 | 52.0 | Tropical storm |
| Unnamed | 1867 | 86.6 | Tropical storm |
| Unnamed | 1860 | 53.4 | Tropical storm |
| Unnamed | 1854 | 30.9 | Category 3 |
| Unnamed | 1853 | 37.3 | Category 2 |
| Unnamed | 1852 | 85.9 | Tropical storm |
- Tropical storms and hurricanes (34 kt or more, still tropical) at closest approach. Post-tropical remnants with gale-force winds are listed but not counted. Direct: track within 50 miles; near: within 100 miles. Distance is measured to the county boundary for counties and to the city centre for cities, using positions interpolated hourly between HURDAT2 fixes.
National Hurricane Center HURDAT2, 1851 to 2025.
Wildfire and smoke
10 large fires burned within 25 miles since 1984.
Largest
May 11, 2001
Unnamed Fire, 4,521 acres
18.5 miles from the city centre.
Most recent
June 14, 2011
Waverly Fire
1,078 acres in total.
Every large fire
| Waverly Fire | 2011 | 11.7 | 1,078 |
| Ga Shrimp Fire | 2011 | 19.5 | 1,834 |
| South Cut | 2008 | 15.1 | 1,379 |
| Browntown | 2008 | 21.4 | 677 |
| Unnamed | 2004 | 14.4 | 1,238 |
| Unnamed | 2004 | 14.6 | 569 |
| Unnamed | 2004 | 21.2 | 1,106 |
| Unnamed | 2001 | 18.5 | 4,521 |
| Unnamed | 1994 | 24.7 | 2,729 |
| Unnamed | 1989 | 13.8 | 823 |
- Large fires mapped by the Monitoring Trends in Burn Severity program since 1984: 1,000 acres or more in the West, 500 or more in the East. Prescribed burns are excluded. Acres here are the part of each perimeter inside this place.
Monitoring Trends in Burn Severity (USGS and U.S. Forest Service), 1984 to 2026.
Smoke overhead
Smokiest year
2011: 26 days
Heavy smoke on 11 days in 2011, the most of any year.
Last 10 years
4.9 days a year
Medium or heavy smoke, 2016 to 2025.
2025
5 days
Medium or heavy smoke. 17 so far in 2026.
- A smoke day is a date on which a smoke plume traced by NOAA Hazard Mapping System analysts from satellite imagery covered this place's point (the county's population centre or the city centre). Counts here are of medium or heavy smoke. Since 2018 analysts have often drawn light smoke as one area over most of the continent, so light-smoke counts are not comparable from year to year. The plumes show smoke anywhere in the air above, not air quality at the ground, and smoke hidden by cloud is missed.
NOAA Hazard Mapping System smoke analysis, 2011 to 2026, retrieved October 30, 2026.
Floods and flood insurance
1,996 federal flood insurance claims since 1978, with $43.5 million paid.
Flood insurance figures are for Glynn County, the county that contains Brunswick.
Most claims in one year
2017: 884 claims
$29.2 million paid.
2nd most
2016: 255 claims
$5.9 million paid.
3rd most
2005: 242 claims
$2.8 million paid.
Claims by ZIP code
| 31522 | 780 | $16.4 million |
| 31520 | 469 | $10.7 million |
| 31525 | 377 | $9.6 million |
| 31523 | 236 | $4.8 million |
| 31561 | 82 | $1.8 million |
| 31527 | 52 | $161,000 |
Flood events since 1996
- Heavy Rain39
- Flood17
- Coastal Flood15
- Flash Flood4
This product uses the Federal Emergency Management Agency's OpenFEMA API, but is not endorsed by FEMA. The Federal Government or FEMA cannot vouch for the data or analyses derived from these data after the data have been retrieved from the Agency's website(s).
OpenFEMA NFIP Redacted Claims v3, refreshed August 4, 2026. NOAA Storm Events through 2026.
River crests
River gauges in Glynn County, the county that contains Brunswick.
Most severe crest
September 11, 2017
Atlantic Coast at St. Simons Island at Village Pier (in MHHW), 3.93 ft
1.93 feet above the 2.0 ft flood stage; major flooding by today’s categories.
Most recent moderate or major crest
October 10, 2025
Atlantic Coast at St. Simons Island at Village Pier (in MHHW), 2.78 ft
Moderate flooding.
River gauges
| Altamaha River near Everett City | 13.0 | 16.76 ft | 0 |
| Atlantic Coast at St. Simons Island at Village Pier (in MHHW) | 2.0 | 3.93 ft | 2 |
| Brunswick River at Brunswick | 5.5 | 6.31 ft | 0 |
- Crests are the highest and the recent crests the National Weather Service lists for each river gauge in the county that has a flood stage, not every flood. Flood categories use each gauge's current flood stages; crests from before levees, dams or channel changes may not be comparable. Crests measured on an old datum are left out of the rankings.
NOAA National Water Prediction Service gauge records, retrieved October 30, 2026.
Drought
In severe drought or worse for 93 of 1,581 months since 1895 (6%); the longest spell lasted 21 months.
The drought index is for Glynn County, the county that contains Brunswick.
93
Months in severe drought or worse since 1895
25
Months in extreme drought
6%
Share of all months, severe or worse
7
Drought reports to the Weather Service since 1996
Lowest reading
April 1932
−5.54, extreme drought
Longest severe spell
21 months
September 2010 to May 2012.
Latest month
September 2026
−2.67, moderate drought
Last severe month: April 2026.
- The Palmer Drought Severity Index is computed by NOAA each month from the county's average temperature and precipitation, relative to the county's own climate. Zero is normal; -3 or lower is severe drought and -4 or lower extreme drought. It describes the long-term balance of moisture, not water supply or crop losses.
NOAA NCEI nClimDiv county Palmer Drought Severity Index, 1895 to September 2026, issued October 6, 2026.
Earthquakes
No earthquake of magnitude 2.5 or more is recorded within 50 miles of the city centre in the USGS catalogue, which begins in 1900.
Severe weather and other events
408 events in the National Weather Service record for Glynn County, 359 of them since 1996.
26
Hail reports, 1 inch or larger
1
Hail, 2 inches or larger
118
Damaging gusts, 58 mph+
5
Winter weather events since 1996
0
Heat events since 1996
0
Cold events since 1996
Largest hail
April 30, 1971
2.00 inches
Strongest measured or estimated gust
July 29, 1969
82 mph
More event types since 1996
| Rip currents | 3 | 3 |
| High surf and sneaker waves | 1 | 0 |
| Lightning | 7 | 0 |
Costliest events since 1996
- Apr 25, 2026Wildfire, Inland Glynn$500,000
National Weather Service narrative
On April 20, 2026 at 4 PM EDT, the Georgia Forestry Commission reported a wildfire developed along Highway 82 near Atkinson, GA. The Highway 82 fire was caused by a Mylar balloon coming into contact with a power line, creating an electrical arc that ignited the surrounding vegetation. This wildfire resulted in the worst home loss from a single fire in Georgia history, with 110 homes destroyed and 27 homes damaged. On April 25th, the fire grew to 9,578 acres per overnight infrared flight mapping. The winds shifted to southwesterly pushing smoke from Brantley County to Glynn County, with heavy smoke around Post Road and Highway 32. The fire was 13,745 acres and 7% contained. The…
- Feb 17, 1998Tornado$500,000
National Weather Service narrative
15-20 Homes were damaged. Large trees and power lines were blown down.
- Jul 27, 1998Thunderstorm Wind$100,000
National Weather Service narrative
Downbust uprooted large trees and damaged 10 homes.
- Jul 5, 2026Thunderstorm Wind$50,000
National Weather Service narrative
The City of Brunswick Emergency Manager reported that the Airport Hanger Roof Collapsed at the Brunswick Golden Isles Airport. Radar estimated time.
- Oct 5, 2005Tornado$50,000
National Weather Service narrative
Spawned by Tropical Storm Tammy. Tornado touched down near Spur 25 striking a hotel and causing minor roof damage (est. $10K) and snapping several pines. Tornado moved NNE over Gatch Lane where it ripped up power lines and unroofed a mobile home (est $40K) and lifted. Tornado had a second brief touchdown along State Road 99 near New Hope Plantation where it snapped pine trees.
- Apr 1, 1999Thunderstorm Wind$50,000
National Weather Service narrative
Port crane was blown into another. Boom was bent.
- Aug 18, 2010Heavy Rain$30,000
National Weather Service narrative
The combination of heavy rainfall, water pooling on the roof and structural failure caused the roof of the Family Dollar Store on 4420 Altama Avenue in the Brunswick area to collapse. One person was hospitalized due to injuries and 3 others suffered minor injuries. Radar indicated rainfall rates near 2 inches per hour, and the time of the event was estimated. The cost of damage was estimated at $20K and the cost of supply damage was estimated at $10K.
- Jul 5, 2026Flood$30,000
National Weather Service narrative
Water entered the first floor of an apartment complex off of Darien Hwy in Brunswick, GA.
- Mar 1, 1998Flood, Inland Glynn$25,000
National Weather Service narrative
Total flooding related to El Nino. More than 200 homes damaged. Flooding mainly along the St Mary's, Altamaha, and Satilla Rivers. Some areas also effect with Closed Basin flooding.
- Aug 8, 2000Thunderstorm Wind$20,000
National Weather Service narrative
Large trees and power lines were blown down. One vehicle damaged by falling tree.
- Storm Events records before 1996 cover only tornadoes, thunderstorm wind and hail. Damage figures are as reported by the National Weather Service at the time, not adjusted for inflation.
NOAA NCEI Storm Events Database, 1950 to 2026, issued October 26, 2026.
Weather records
From Brunswick, 3 miles from the city centre, with records from 1895.
- All-time high
- 106°FJul 21, 1986
- All-time low
- 5°F2 times, most recently Jan 21, 1985
- Warmest night
- 85°FJul 29, 1896
- Coldest day
- 29°FDec 30, 1917
- Wettest day
- 9.92 inOct 19, 1944
- Snowiest day
- 3.0 inFeb 15, 1895
- Hottest year
- 1998mean 71.2°F
- Coldest year
- 1983mean 66.0°F
- Wettest year
- 195379.15 in
- Driest year
- 193131.92 in
Station Brunswick (USC00091340), 13 ft elevation, 3.0 miles from the city centre. Daily records from 1895 to October 27, 2026; 89.1% of days in the last 30 years are complete. Records at a single station can differ from a city’s official threaded record, which may combine several stations.
NOAA NCEI Global Historical Climatology Network Daily.
Federal disaster declarations
20 since 1953. The most recent: Hurricane Helene, September 30, 2024.
Declarations for Glynn County.
| Sep 30, 2024 | Hurricane | DR-4830-GA |
| Sep 26, 2024 | Tropical Storm | EM-3616-GA |
| Aug 5, 2024 | Tropical Storm | EM-3607-GA |
| Sep 7, 2023 | Hurricane | DR-4738-GA |
| Mar 29, 2020 | Biological | DR-4501-GA |
| Mar 13, 2020 | Biological | EM-3464-GA |
| Sep 1, 2019 | Hurricane | EM-3422-GA |
| Oct 10, 2018 | Hurricane | EM-3406-GA |
| Sep 15, 2017 | Hurricane | DR-4338-GA |
| Sep 8, 2017 | Hurricane | EM-3387-GA |
| Oct 8, 2016 | Hurricane | DR-4284-GA |
| Oct 6, 2016 | Hurricane | EM-3379-GA |
| May 23, 2008 | Severe Storm | DR-1761-GA |
| Sep 5, 2005 | Hurricane | EM-3218-GA |
| Sep 24, 2004 | Hurricane | DR-1560-GA |
| Sep 14, 1999 | Hurricane | EM-3144-GA |
| Mar 11, 1998 | Severe Storm | DR-1209-GA |
| Mar 15, 1993 | Snowstorm | EM-3097-GA |
| Jul 20, 1977 | Drought | EM-3044-GA |
| Jun 2, 1977 | Freezing | DR-536-GA |
This product uses the Federal Emergency Management Agency's OpenFEMA API, but is not endorsed by FEMA. The Federal Government or FEMA cannot vouch for the data or analyses derived from these data after the data have been retrieved from the Agency's website(s).
OpenFEMA Disaster Declarations Summaries, retrieved October 30, 2026. Statewide declarations are not listed.
Sources and vintage
Every number on this page comes from these public records.
- Tornadoes NOAA Storm Prediction Center severe weather database, through 2025.
- Tropical cyclones NOAA National Hurricane Center HURDAT2 (Atlantic; Northeast and Central Pacific), through 2025.
- Wildfire USGS/USFS Monitoring Trends in Burn Severity, through 2026.
- Storm events NOAA NCEI Storm Events Database, through 2026.
- Flood insurance OpenFEMA NFIP Redacted Claims v3, refreshed August 4, 2026.
- Declarations OpenFEMA Disaster Declarations Summaries v2, retrieved October 30, 2026.
- Weather records NOAA NCEI Global Historical Climatology Network Daily, station USC00091340.
- River crests NOAA National Weather Service, National Water Prediction Service river gauges, retrieved October 30, 2026.
- Drought NOAA NCEI nClimDiv county Palmer Drought Severity Index, through September 2026.
- Smoke NOAA NESDIS Hazard Mapping System smoke analysis, retrieved October 30, 2026.
- Earthquakes USGS ANSS Comprehensive Earthquake Catalog (ComCat), retrieved October 30, 2026.
Joins, thresholds and known limits are set out in the methodology. Found an error? Report it. Page built October 30, 2026.