Barry County

Population 63,991 (2025) 553 sq mi

Barry County has recorded 21 tornadoes since 1950, 23rd most of 83 counties in Michigan; the most recent was on May 15, 2025.

Hazard fingerprint for Barry County Tornado: 50th percentile. Tropical: 0th percentile. Wildfire: 0th percentile. Flood: 23th percentile. Hail & wind: 35th percentile. Heat: 0th percentile. Cold: 0th percentile. Winter: 61th percentile. TORTROPFIREFLOODSEVEREHEATCOLDWINTER

Hazard fingerprint Each spoke is this county’s percentile among U.S. counties where that hazard occurs. How it is computed

2026
  • Tornado damage paths since 195021
  • Major flood years since 19784

At a glance

The record for Barry County in eight numbers. Each links to its section below.

Tornadoes since 1950

21

23rd of 83 in Michigan

62% more than the typical Michigan county

Details

Flood insurance claims

281

15th of 83 in Michigan

$3.1 million paid since 1979

Details

Strongest tornado

F3

April 3, 1956, 60.6 mile path

Largest earthquake within 50 mi

4.6magnitude

August 9, 1947, 34.3 miles away

Details

Federal disaster declarations

14

Most recent: Severe Storms, Tornadoes, and Flooding, 2026

Details

Record high

109°F

July 14, 1936

Details

Record low

−31°F

February 12, 1899

Details

Snowiest season

99.9in

Winter of 2008-09

Tornadoes

About one every 3.6 years since 1950, 2 of them rated F3/EF3 or stronger.

Strongest

April 3, 1956

F3, 60.6 mile path

200 yards wide.

Deadliest

April 11, 1965

1 killed, F1

9 injured along the whole path.

Most recent

Thursday, May 15, 2025

EF1, 6.8 mile path

Within the past year.

Tornadoes by decade Doppler radar era² 1950s: 2 2 1960s: 4 4 1970s: 3 3 1980s: 6 6 1990s: 1 1 2000s: 2 2 2010s: 2 2 2020s: 1 1 1950s1960s1970s1980s1990s2000s2010s2020s
Recorded tornadoes per decade. The 2020s are incomplete.
Tornadoes by month J: 0 F: 0 M: 0 A: 5 5 M: 5 J: 1 J: 5 A: 3 S: 2 O: 0 N: 0 D: 0 JFMAMJJASOND
By month of occurrence, all years.

Every recorded tornado

Tornadoes in Barry County since 1950
May 15, 2025EF16.820000
May 19, 2019EF01.45000
Sep 1, 2018EF00.410000
Apr 8, 2008EF14.710000
May 21, 2001F01.05000
Jul 18, 1993F03.590000
Jul 20, 1987F00.42000
Aug 26, 1986F20.61300
Jul 15, 1986F242.544000
Aug 21, 1983F00.61300
Jul 14, 1982F13.04000
Jul 5, 1980F10.11000
May 17, 1977F13.38300
May 27, 1973F00.11300
Sep 17, 1972F10.12700
Apr 21, 1967F214.550010
Jun 9, 1966F22.01000
Apr 11, 1965F314.11050
Apr 11, 1965F119.520091
Apr 3, 1956F360.6200120
Aug 6, 1955F20.510010
  1. Injuries and deaths are for the tornado’s whole path, which may extend beyond the county. Deaths recorded within Barry County: 0.
  2. Weak tornadoes were under-recorded before Doppler radar coverage became national in the early 1990s, so earlier decades read low. Ratings use the Fujita scale before February 2007 and the Enhanced Fujita scale after.

Storm Prediction Center severe weather database, 1950 to 2025.

Hurricanes and tropical storms

No tropical storm or hurricane has tracked within 100 miles since records began in 1851.

Wildfire and smoke

No large wildfire has been mapped here since satellite mapping began in 1984.

Smoke overhead

Smokiest year

2023: 75 days

Heavy smoke on 15 days in 2023, the most of any year.

Last 10 years

23.8 days a year

Medium or heavy smoke, 2016 to 2025.

2025

25 days

Medium or heavy smoke. 36 so far in 2026.

Days with medium or heavy smoke overhead, by year 2011: 6 2012: 11 2013: 8 2014: 16 2015: 16 2016: 5 2017: 9 2018: 15 2019: 9 2020: 16 2021: 42 2022: 12 2023: 75 75 2024: 30 2025: 25 201120122013201420152016201720182019202020212022202320242025
Days each year on which a satellite-traced plume of medium or heavy smoke covered the county’s population centre, 2011 to 2025.
  1. A smoke day is a date on which a smoke plume traced by NOAA Hazard Mapping System analysts from satellite imagery covered this place's point (the county's population centre or the city centre). Counts here are of medium or heavy smoke. Since 2018 analysts have often drawn light smoke as one area over most of the continent, so light-smoke counts are not comparable from year to year. The plumes show smoke anywhere in the air above, not air quality at the ground, and smoke hidden by cloud is missed.

NOAA Hazard Mapping System smoke analysis, 2011 to 2026, retrieved October 30, 2026.

Floods and flood insurance

281 federal flood insurance claims since 1979, with $3.1 million paid.

Federal flood insurance claims by year 1979: 9 1982: 48 1985: 41 2004: 49 49 2005: 5 2008: 15 2011: 5 2013: 11 2017: 5 2018: 35 2020: 15 2023: 7 197920082020
Claims per year since 1979. Years with fewer than five claims are not shown.

Most claims in one year

2004: 49 claims

$844,000 paid.

2nd most

1982: 48 claims

$113,000 paid.

3rd most

1985: 41 claims

$169,000 paid.

Claims by ZIP code

Flood insurance claims by ZIP code
49058177$2.0 million
4907367$584,000
4933313$215,000
6$32,000
490175$3,745
490505$24,000

Flood events since 1996

  • Flash Flood11
  • Flood4

This product uses the Federal Emergency Management Agency's OpenFEMA API, but is not endorsed by FEMA. The Federal Government or FEMA cannot vouch for the data or analyses derived from these data after the data have been retrieved from the Agency's website(s).

OpenFEMA NFIP Redacted Claims v3, refreshed August 4, 2026. NOAA Storm Events through 2026.

River crests

Most severe crest

April 7, 1947

Thornapple River at Hastings, 10.20 ft

3.20 feet above the 7.0 ft flood stage; major flooding by today’s categories.

Most recent moderate or major crest

April 7, 2026

Thornapple River at Hastings, 9.01 ft

Moderate flooding.

Highest river crests above flood stage
Apr 7, 1947Thornapple River at Hastings10.20+3.20Major
Feb 27, 1985Thornapple River at Hastings9.80+2.80Moderate
Feb 23, 2018Thornapple River at Hastings9.79+2.79Moderate
May 25, 2004Thornapple River at Hastings9.74+2.74Moderate
Apr 21, 1975Thornapple River at Hastings9.72+2.72Moderate
May 19, 2020Thornapple River at Hastings9.25+2.25Moderate
Apr 7, 2023Thornapple River at Hastings9.10+2.10Moderate
Mar 21, 1948Thornapple River at Hastings9.02+2.02Moderate
Apr 7, 2026Thornapple River at Hastings9.01+2.01Moderate
Mar 16, 1982Thornapple River at Hastings9.00+2.00Moderate
Apr 20, 2013Thornapple River at Hastings8.77+1.77Minor
Apr 1, 1960Thornapple River at Hastings8.75+1.75Minor
Apr 8, 2017Thornapple River at Hastings8.54+1.54Minor
Jun 10, 2008Thornapple River at Hastings8.32+1.32Minor
Jun 3, 1989Thornapple River at Hastings8.26+1.26Minor
Apr 22, 1993Thornapple River at Hastings8.17+1.17Minor
Feb 23, 1997Thornapple River at Hastings8.14+1.14Minor
Mar 8, 1979Thornapple River at Hastings8.11+1.11Minor
Mar 7, 1956Thornapple River at Hastings8.10+1.10Minor
Dec 30, 2008Thornapple River at Hastings8.07+1.07Minor
Feb 12, 2001Thornapple River at Hastings8.04+1.04Minor
Jul 31, 2011Thornapple River at Hastings7.98+0.98Minor
Mar 14, 1986Thornapple River at Hastings7.98+0.98Minor
Jan 15, 2005Thornapple River at Hastings7.95+0.95Minor
Mar 7, 1946Thornapple River at Hastings7.92+0.92Minor

River gauges

River gauges and their highest listed crests
Thornapple River at Hastings7.010.20 ftApr 7, 19471
  1. Crests are the highest and the recent crests the National Weather Service lists for each river gauge in the county that has a flood stage, not every flood. Flood categories use each gauge's current flood stages; crests from before levees, dams or channel changes may not be comparable. Crests measured on an old datum are left out of the rankings.

NOAA National Water Prediction Service gauge records, retrieved October 30, 2026.

Drought

In severe drought or worse for 106 of 1,581 months since 1895 (7%); the longest spell lasted 28 months.

106

Months in severe drought or worse since 1895

41

Months in extreme drought

7%

Share of all months, severe or worse

Lowest reading

August 1931

−5.99, extreme drought

Longest severe spell

28 months

November 1962 to February 1965.

Latest month

September 2026

−0.92, incipient dry spell

Last severe month: October 2005.

Months in severe drought or worse, by year 1895: 4 1896: 0 1897: 0 1898: 0 1899: 0 1900: 0 1901: 0 1902: 0 1903: 0 1904: 0 1905: 0 1906: 0 1907: 0 1908: 0 1909: 0 1910: 0 1911: 0 1912: 0 1913: 5 1914: 0 1915: 1 1916: 0 1917: 0 1918: 2 1919: 0 1920: 1 1921: 3 1922: 0 1923: 0 1924: 0 1925: 0 1926: 0 1927: 0 1928: 0 1929: 0 1930: 5 1931: 12 12 1932: 0 1933: 0 1934: 7 1935: 1 1936: 2 1937: 0 1938: 0 1939: 0 1940: 0 1941: 0 1942: 0 1943: 0 1944: 2 1945: 3 1946: 1 1947: 0 1948: 0 1949: 0 1950: 0 1951: 0 1952: 0 1953: 4 1954: 1 1955: 0 1956: 2 1957: 3 1958: 0 1959: 0 1960: 1 1961: 8 1962: 2 1963: 12 1964: 12 1965: 5 1966: 0 1967: 0 1968: 0 1969: 0 1970: 0 1971: 0 1972: 0 1973: 0 1974: 0 1975: 0 1976: 0 1977: 1 1978: 0 1979: 0 1980: 0 1981: 0 1982: 0 1983: 0 1984: 0 1985: 0 1986: 0 1987: 2 1988: 2 1989: 0 1990: 0 1991: 0 1992: 0 1993: 0 1994: 0 1995: 0 1996: 0 1997: 0 1998: 1 1999: 0 2000: 0 2001: 0 2002: 0 2003: 0 2004: 0 2005: 1 2006: 0 2007: 0 2008: 0 2009: 0 2010: 0 2011: 0 2012: 0 2013: 0 2014: 0 2015: 0 2016: 0 2017: 0 2018: 0 2019: 0 2020: 0 2021: 0 2022: 0 2023: 0 2024: 0 2025: 0 18951905191519251935194519551965197519851995200520152025
Months each year with a Palmer index of −3 or lower, 1895 to 2025. Twelve means the whole year.
  1. The Palmer Drought Severity Index is computed by NOAA each month from the county's average temperature and precipitation, relative to the county's own climate. Zero is normal; -3 or lower is severe drought and -4 or lower extreme drought. It describes the long-term balance of moisture, not water supply or crop losses.

NOAA NCEI nClimDiv county Palmer Drought Severity Index, 1895 to September 2026, issued October 6, 2026.

Earthquakes

2 earthquakes of magnitude 4 or more within 50 miles since 1900; the largest was magnitude 4.6 in 1947.

0

Magnitude 2.5+ inside the county since 1973

3

Magnitude 3+ within 50 miles since 1973

2

Magnitude 4+ within 50 miles since 1900

0

Magnitude 5+ within 50 miles since 1900

Largest within 50 miles

August 9, 1947

Magnitude 4.6

Near Coldwater, Michigan; 34.3 miles away, 1.2 miles deep.

Most recent, magnitude 3 or more

June 30, 2015

Magnitude 3.3

5 km NNE of Burlington, Michigan; 19.0 miles away.

Earthquakes of magnitude 3 or more within 50 miles, by year 1973: 0 1974: 0 1975: 0 1976: 0 1977: 0 1978: 0 1979: 0 1980: 0 1981: 0 1982: 0 1983: 0 1984: 0 1985: 0 1986: 0 1987: 0 1988: 0 1989: 0 1990: 0 1991: 0 1992: 0 1993: 0 1994: 1 1995: 0 1996: 0 1997: 0 1998: 0 1999: 0 2000: 0 2001: 0 2002: 0 2003: 0 2004: 0 2005: 0 2006: 0 2007: 0 2008: 0 2009: 0 2010: 0 2011: 0 2012: 0 2013: 0 2014: 0 2015: 2 2 2016: 0 2017: 0 2018: 0 2019: 0 2020: 0 2021: 0 2022: 0 2023: 0 2024: 0 2025: 0 19731978198319881993199820032008201320182023
Per year, 1973 to 2025.

Every earthquake of magnitude 4 or more within 50 miles

Earthquakes of magnitude 4 or more within 50 miles
May 2, 20154.214.12.85 km S of Galesburg, Michigan
Aug 9, 19474.634.31.2Near Coldwater, Michigan
  1. Earthquakes of magnitude 2.5 or more in the USGS Comprehensive Catalog since 1900. Within 50 miles means the epicentre lies within 50 miles of the county boundary (or inside the county).
  2. Small earthquakes were under-recorded before the modern seismic networks of the 1970s and are still missed in remote areas, so early decades read low. Magnitudes are as the catalogue reports them and mix scales (moment, local and body-wave).

USGS ANSS Comprehensive Earthquake Catalog, 1900 to present, retrieved October 30, 2026.

Severe weather and other events

360 events in the National Weather Service record, 290 of them since 1996.

28

Hail reports, 1 inch or larger

2

Hail, 2 inches or larger

99

Damaging gusts, 58 mph+

85

Winter weather events since 1996

0

Heat events since 1996

0

Cold events since 1996

Largest hail

April 4, 2023

2.50 inches

Strongest measured or estimated gust

June 12, 1998

81 mph

More event types since 1996

Other Storm Events types since 1996
Lightning101Sep 19, 1997
Dense fog and smoke100Jan 20, 1999

Costliest events since 1996

  1. Mar 8, 2017High Wind, Barry$10.0 million
    National Weather Service narrative

    Peak wind gusts in the 60 to 70 mph range resulted in numerous downed trees and limbs and power lines and widespread power outages. A roof was also partially ripped off of a school in Lakewood.

  2. Apr 17, 2013Flood$5.0 million
    National Weather Service narrative

    Significant flooding occurred on rivers and streams across Barry county due to heavy rainfall and antecedent high river levels and saturated grounds.

  3. Dec 21, 2013Ice Storm, Barry$5.0 million
    National Weather Service narrative

    An ice storm brought a half to three quarters of an inch of ice accumulation across nearly all of the county, causing widespread power outages and downed trees, tree limbs and lines. At one point over 20,000 people were without power in Barry county alone, and thousands of people did not have power restored until 5 to 6 days after the storm hit.

  4. Feb 24, 2019High Wind, Barry$3.0 million
    National Weather Service narrative

    Downed tree limbs and power lines and widespread power outages occurred due to wind gusts of up to around 60 mph.

  5. May 21, 2004Flood, Barry$1.0 million
    National Weather Service narrative

    The biggest and longest duration flooding event in the past ten to twenty years occurred across southwestern and south central lower Michigan from May 20th through the third of June. Flooding in mid May resulted in very high river levels and the ground was saturated on the 20th. Numerous thunderstorm complexes and areas of heavy rainfall developed repeatedly in the vicinity of a quasi stationary frontal boundary draped across southern lower Michigan. The heaviest rain fell on Saturday, May 22nd, when over two inches of rain fell over most of the area. Total rainfall over the Grand River basin from May 20th through June 3rd varied from four to as much as seven inches.The Grand…

  6. Apr 4, 2023Hail$500,000
    National Weather Service narrative

    The public reported hail close to two inches in diameter in and near Woodland.

  7. Jun 7, 2008Flash Flood$500,000
    National Weather Service narrative

    Numerous roads across portions of Barry county were washed out by very heavy rain. In fact a half a million dollars worth of damage resulted primarily from washed out roads. Due to the extensive flooding a presidential disaster declaration was issued.

  8. Apr 4, 2023Hail$500,000
    National Weather Service narrative

    Hail to around golf ball sized was reported in and near Freeport.

  9. Apr 4, 2023Hail$500,000
    National Weather Service narrative

    Hail up to tennis ball sized was reported in Middleville and Irving. The hail did considerable damage to area homes with numerous reports of damaged roofs and siding.

  10. Jul 28, 2011Flash Flood$250,000
    National Weather Service narrative

    The Barry county road commission indicated that there were numerous road closures and washouts. Radar indicates that six to eight inches of rain fell across northeast and east Barry county.

  1. Storm Events records before 1996 cover only tornadoes, thunderstorm wind and hail. Damage figures are as reported by the National Weather Service at the time, not adjusted for inflation.

NOAA NCEI Storm Events Database, 1950 to 2026, issued October 26, 2026.

Weather records

From Hastings, 3.5 miles from the county’s population centre, with records from 1893.

All-time high
109°FJul 14, 1936
All-time low
−31°FFeb 12, 1899
Warmest night
81°F2 times, most recently Aug 4, 1930
Coldest day
−7°FFeb 9, 1899
Wettest day
5.69 inAug 19, 1939
Snowiest day
16.0 inDec 19, 1929
Hottest year
1931mean 52.8°F
Coldest year
1917mean 44.2°F
Wettest year
200850.73 in
Driest year
196319.11 in
Snowiest season
99.9 in2008-09
Average monthly high and low temperature and precipitation, last 30 years, Hastings 32°F 31° 17° 2.5 Jan 35° 17° 2.3 Feb 46° 24° 2.6 Mar 58° 34° 3.9 Apr 69° 45° 4.4 May 79° 56° 4.1 Jun 83° 59° 3.6 Jul 81° 58° 3.9 Aug 75° 51° 3.0 Sep 62° 40° 4.1 Oct 48° 31° 2.5 Nov 36° 23° 2.5 Dec Precipitation, inches
Average daily high and low by month, and average monthly precipitation, over the last 30 years.
Nights at or below freezing per year 1975: 153 1976: 182 182 1977: 149 1978: 167 1979: 154 1980: 158 1981: 161 1982: 141 1985: 121 1987: 136 1988: 144 1989: 168 1990: 152 1991: 154 1992: 171 1993: 171 1994: 160 1995: 157 1996: 178 1997: 179 1998: 129 1999: 149 2000: 139 2001: 134 2002: 156 2003: 151 2004: 141 2005: 152 2006: 131 2007: 140 2008: 160 2009: 149 2010: 155 2011: 146 2012: 145 2013: 156 2014: 165 2015: 141 2016: 128 2017: 134 2018: 164 2019: 149 2020: 159 2021: 159 2022: 150 2023: 135 2024: 119 19751988199820082018
Nights at or below freezing each complete year, last 50 years. Thirty-year average: 148.3.
Snowfall by winter 1976: 62.0 in 1977: 73.4 in 1978: 71.0 in 1979: 40.5 in 1980: 46.3 in 1981: 78.0 in 1983: 48.1 in 1984: 46.2 in 1985: 40.3 in 1986: 22.6 in 1987: 36.3 in 1988: 51.5 in 1989: 79.2 in 1990: 43.0 in 1991: 69.7 in 1992: 71.0 in 1993: 62.9 in 1994: 59.2 in 1995: 60.0 in 1996: 98.7 in 1997: 57.7 in 1998: 65.7 in 1999: 48.9 in 2000: 80.2 in 2001: 83.9 in 2002: 63.8 in 2003: 53.7 in 2004: 72.7 in 2005: 64.2 in 2006: 69.1 in 2007: 94.6 in 2008: 99.9 in 99.9 2009: 69.9 in 2010: 66.0 in 2011: 48.8 in 2012: 57.0 in 2015: 64.2 in 2016: 57.6 in 2017: 71.8 in 2018: 80.9 in 2019: 55.0 in 2020: 41.3 in 2021: 55.2 in 2022: 79.9 in 2023: 34.5 in 2024: 48.7 in 2025: 48.3 in 19761987199720072019
Total snowfall each winter (July to June), last 50 winters.

Median first snow

November 13

Earliest: October 12, 2006

Median last snow

April 7

Latest: May 10, 1902

0 of 93 winters had no measurable snow.

Station Hastings (USC00203661), 821 ft elevation, 3.5 miles from the population centre. Daily records from 1893 to April 30, 2026; 97.6% of days in the last 30 years are complete. Records at a single station can differ from a city’s official threaded record, which may combine several stations.

NOAA NCEI Global Historical Climatology Network Daily.

Federal disaster declarations

14 since 1953. The most recent: Severe Storms, Tornadoes, and Flooding, June 30, 2026.

Federal disaster declarations
Jun 30, 2026FloodSevere Storms, Tornadoes, and FloodingMajor disasterDR-4925-MI
Mar 27, 2020BiologicalCovid-19 PandemicMajor disasterDR-4494-MI
Mar 13, 2020BiologicalCovid-19EmergencyEM-3455-MI
Jun 18, 2013FloodFloodingMajor disasterDR-4121-MI
Jul 14, 2008Severe StormSevere Storms, Tornadoes, and FloodingMajor disasterDR-1777-MI
Sep 7, 2005HurricaneHurricane Katrina EvacuationEmergencyEM-3225-MI
Jun 30, 2004Severe StormSevere Storms, Tornadoes, and FloodingMajor disasterDR-1527-MI
Jan 10, 2001SnowstormSnowEmergencyEM-3160-MI
Jan 27, 1999SnowstormMi - Severe Weather 1/2 /99EmergencyEM-3137-MI
Jan 27, 1978SnowstormBlizzards & SnowstormsEmergencyEM-3057-MI
Feb 5, 1977SnowstormSnowstormsEmergencyEM-3030-MI
Apr 26, 1975FloodSevere Storms, High Winds & FloodingMajor disasterDR-465-MI
Apr 5, 1972SnowstormSevere Storm & FreezingMajor disasterDR-330-MI
Apr 14, 1965TornadoTornadoes & Severe StormsMajor disasterDR-190-MI

This product uses the Federal Emergency Management Agency's OpenFEMA API, but is not endorsed by FEMA. The Federal Government or FEMA cannot vouch for the data or analyses derived from these data after the data have been retrieved from the Agency's website(s).

OpenFEMA Disaster Declarations Summaries, retrieved October 30, 2026. Statewide declarations are not listed.

How this compares

Where Barry County stands among 83 counties in Michigan and 3,143 in the United States.

Ranks
Tornadoes since 19502123 / 831,514 / 3,143
Tornadoes rated F3/EF3 or stronger217 / 83866 / 3,143
Tropical cyclones within 50 mi0——
Hurricane-strength passes within 50 mi0——
Wildfire acres since 19840——
Flood insurance claims28115 / 83775 / 3,143
Flood insurance paid$3.1 million14 / 83964 / 3,143
Disaster declarations148 / 832,433 / 3,143
Flood events since 19961533 / 832,715 / 3,143
Hail and wind events since 199618137 / 832,121 / 3,143
Winter storm events since 19968544 / 831,179 / 3,143
Reported damage since 1996$30.1 million34 / 831,156 / 3,143
River crests at major flood stage122 / 831,446 / 3,143
High tide flooding days a year, last 10 years0.0——
Months in severe drought since 189510658 / 832,181 / 3,143
Medium or heavy smoke days a year, last 10 years23.863 / 83741 / 3,143
Earthquakes M4+ within 50 mi since 190021 / 831,151 / 3,143
Earthquakes M2.5+ in the county since 19730——

Neighbouring counties

Neighbouring counties
Allegan County3601,07769
Calhoun County190060
Eaton County2600149
Ionia County270037
Kalamazoo County2700291
Kent County4400676

Sources and vintage

Every number on this page comes from these public records.

  • Tornadoes NOAA Storm Prediction Center severe weather database, through 2025.
  • Tropical cyclones NOAA National Hurricane Center HURDAT2 (Atlantic; Northeast and Central Pacific), through 2025.
  • Wildfire USGS/USFS Monitoring Trends in Burn Severity, through 2026.
  • Storm events NOAA NCEI Storm Events Database, through 2026.
  • Flood insurance OpenFEMA NFIP Redacted Claims v3, refreshed August 4, 2026.
  • Declarations OpenFEMA Disaster Declarations Summaries v2, retrieved October 30, 2026.
  • Weather records NOAA NCEI Global Historical Climatology Network Daily, station USC00203661.
  • River crests NOAA National Weather Service, National Water Prediction Service river gauges, retrieved October 30, 2026.
  • Drought NOAA NCEI nClimDiv county Palmer Drought Severity Index, through September 2026.
  • Smoke NOAA NESDIS Hazard Mapping System smoke analysis, retrieved October 30, 2026.
  • Earthquakes USGS ANSS Comprehensive Earthquake Catalog (ComCat), retrieved October 30, 2026.

Joins, thresholds and known limits are set out in the methodology. Found an error? Report it. Page built October 30, 2026.