Todd County

Population 26,060 (2025) 945 sq mi

Todd County has recorded 27 tornadoes since 1950, 41st most of 87 counties in Minnesota; the most recent was on May 30, 2022.

Hazard fingerprint for Todd County Tornado: 37th percentile. Tropical: 0th percentile. Wildfire: 0th percentile. Flood: 13th percentile. Hail & wind: 23th percentile. Heat: 43th percentile. Cold: 87th percentile. Winter: 69th percentile. TORTROPFIREFLOODSEVEREHEATCOLDWINTER

Hazard fingerprint Each spoke is this county’s percentile among U.S. counties where that hazard occurs. How it is computed

2026
  • Tornado damage paths since 195027

At a glance

The record for Todd County in eight numbers. Each links to its section below.

Tornadoes since 1950

27

41st of 87 in Minnesota

About as many as the typical Minnesota county

Details

Flood insurance claims

13

65th of 87 in Minnesota

$127,000 paid since 1979

Details

Strongest tornado

F3

June 13, 2001, 12.0 mile path

Largest earthquake within 50 mi

4.6magnitude

July 9, 1975, 44.1 miles away

Details

Federal disaster declarations

13

Most recent: Severe Storms, Straight-Line Winds, Tornadoes, and Flooding, 2022

Details

Record high

105°F

July 28, 1917

Details

Record low

−44°F

February 2, 1996

Details

Snowiest season

91.0in

Winter of 2012-13

Tornadoes

About one every 2.8 years since 1950, one of them rated F3/EF3 or stronger.

Strongest

June 13, 2001

F3, 12.0 mile path

100 yards wide.

Most recent

Monday, May 30, 2022

EF2, 10.5 mile path

4 years ago.

Tornadoes by decade Doppler radar era² 1950s: 1 1 1960s: 3 3 1970s: 1 1 1980s: 1 1 1990s: 2 2 2000s: 9 9 2010s: 4 4 2020s: 6 6 1950s1960s1970s1980s1990s2000s2010s2020s
Recorded tornadoes per decade. The 2020s are incomplete.
Tornadoes by month J: 0 F: 0 M: 0 A: 0 M: 5 J: 5 J: 11 11 A: 5 S: 1 O: 0 N: 0 D: 0 JFMAMJJASOND
By month of occurrence, all years.

Every recorded tornado

Tornadoes in Todd County since 1950
May 30, 2022EF210.545000
May 30, 2022EF115.080000
May 12, 2022EF218.250000
May 12, 2022EF13.310000
Aug 14, 2020EF01.112500
Aug 14, 2020EF15.920000
Sep 20, 2017EF16.844000
Jul 17, 2017EF04.420000
Jul 12, 2015EF212.140000
Jul 30, 2011EF00.72500
Aug 29, 2004F00.13000
Aug 29, 2004F00.13000
Jul 19, 2003F03.05000
Jul 19, 2003F00.25000
Jun 13, 2001F00.12500
Jun 13, 2001F00.12500
Jun 13, 2001F312.010030
Jun 11, 2001F00.12000
Jul 8, 2000F210.06030
Jul 14, 1995F00.11000
Aug 3, 1990F01.05000
Jul 10, 1987F015.01000
Jul 5, 1971F00.33000
Jul 10, 1966F28.51000
Jul 4, 1966F00.11000
Jun 22, 1965F00.11000
May 21, 1957F13.830000
  1. Injuries and deaths are for the tornado’s whole path, which may extend beyond the county. Deaths recorded within Todd County: 0.
  2. Weak tornadoes were under-recorded before Doppler radar coverage became national in the early 1990s, so earlier decades read low. Ratings use the Fujita scale before February 2007 and the Enhanced Fujita scale after.

Storm Prediction Center severe weather database, 1950 to 2025.

Hurricanes and tropical storms

No tropical storm or hurricane has tracked within 100 miles since records began in 1851.

Wildfire and smoke

No large wildfire has been mapped here since satellite mapping began in 1984.

Smoke overhead

Smokiest year

2023: 80 days

Heavy smoke on 35 days in 2021, the most of any year.

Last 10 years

33.4 days a year

Medium or heavy smoke, 2016 to 2025.

2025

28 days

Medium or heavy smoke. 46 so far in 2026.

Days with medium or heavy smoke overhead, by year 2011: 8 2012: 25 2013: 21 2014: 17 2015: 27 2016: 10 2017: 15 2018: 31 2019: 15 2020: 21 2021: 60 2022: 28 2023: 80 80 2024: 46 2025: 28 201120122013201420152016201720182019202020212022202320242025
Days each year on which a satellite-traced plume of medium or heavy smoke covered the county’s population centre, 2011 to 2025.
  1. A smoke day is a date on which a smoke plume traced by NOAA Hazard Mapping System analysts from satellite imagery covered this place's point (the county's population centre or the city centre). Counts here are of medium or heavy smoke. Since 2018 analysts have often drawn light smoke as one area over most of the continent, so light-smoke counts are not comparable from year to year. The plumes show smoke anywhere in the air above, not air quality at the ground, and smoke hidden by cloud is missed.

NOAA Hazard Mapping System smoke analysis, 2011 to 2026, retrieved October 30, 2026.

Floods and flood insurance

13 federal flood insurance claims since 1979, with $127,000 paid.

Federal flood insurance claims by year
Claims per year since 1979. Years with fewer than five claims are not shown.

Flood events since 1996

  • Flash Flood9
  • Flood5
  • Heavy Rain2

This product uses the Federal Emergency Management Agency's OpenFEMA API, but is not endorsed by FEMA. The Federal Government or FEMA cannot vouch for the data or analyses derived from these data after the data have been retrieved from the Agency's website(s).

OpenFEMA NFIP Redacted Claims v3, refreshed August 4, 2026. NOAA Storm Events through 2026.

River crests

Most severe crest

July 22, 1972

Long Prairie River at Long Prairie, 9.37 ft

2.37 feet above the 7.0 ft flood stage; moderate flooding by today’s categories.

Most recent moderate or major crest

June 26, 2003

Long Prairie River at Long Prairie, 8.78 ft

Moderate flooding.

Highest river crests above flood stage
Jul 22, 1972Long Prairie River at Long Prairie9.37+2.37Moderate
Apr 9, 2001Long Prairie River at Long Prairie8.91+1.91Moderate
Jun 26, 2003Long Prairie River at Long Prairie8.78+1.78Moderate
Apr 8, 1997Long Prairie River at Long Prairie7.90+0.90Minor
Mar 26, 2009Long Prairie River at Long Prairie7.58+0.58Minor
Apr 14, 2023Long Prairie River at Long Prairie7.56+0.56Minor
Apr 20, 1979Long Prairie River at Long Prairie7.55+0.55Minor
Apr 5, 1982Long Prairie River at Long Prairie7.54+0.54Minor
Mar 28, 2019Long Prairie River at Long Prairie7.29+0.29Minor
Apr 1, 1986Long Prairie River at Long Prairie7.10+0.10Minor
Mar 17, 2010Long Prairie River at Long Prairie7.09+0.09Minor
May 13, 2022Long Prairie River at Long Prairie6.93−0.07Action
Jun 9, 2014Long Prairie River at Long Prairie6.80−0.20Action
Apr 11, 1996Long Prairie River at Long Prairie6.47−0.53Action
Oct 20, 1984Long Prairie River at Long Prairie6.41−0.59Action
Apr 7, 2011Long Prairie River at Long Prairie6.36−0.64Action
Apr 3, 2006Long Prairie River at Long Prairie6.34−0.66Action
Mar 18, 1995Long Prairie River at Long Prairie6.31−0.69Action
Apr 22, 1975Long Prairie River at Long Prairie6.25−0.75Action
Feb 22, 2017Long Prairie River at Long Prairie6.25−0.75Action
Apr 11, 2021Long Prairie River at Long Prairie6.20−0.80Action
Jun 2, 2013Long Prairie River at Long Prairie6.17−0.83Action
Oct 4, 2017Long Prairie River at Long Prairie6.14−0.86Action
Aug 20, 2020Long Prairie River at Long Prairie6.05−0.95Action
May 1, 2013Long Prairie River at Long Prairie6.03−0.97Action

River gauges

River gauges and their highest listed crests
Long Prairie River at Long Prairie7.09.37 ftJul 22, 19720
  1. Crests are the highest and the recent crests the National Weather Service lists for each river gauge in the county that has a flood stage, not every flood. Flood categories use each gauge's current flood stages; crests from before levees, dams or channel changes may not be comparable. Crests measured on an old datum are left out of the rankings.

NOAA National Water Prediction Service gauge records, retrieved October 30, 2026.

Drought

In severe drought or worse for 182 of 1,581 months since 1895 (12%); the longest spell lasted 36 months.

182

Months in severe drought or worse since 1895

110

Months in extreme drought

12%

Share of all months, severe or worse

Lowest reading

June 1911

−7.87, extreme drought

Longest severe spell

36 months

June 1932 to May 1935.

Latest month

September 2026

−0.89, incipient dry spell

Last severe month: November 2023.

Months in severe drought or worse, by year 1895: 0 1896: 0 1897: 0 1898: 0 1899: 0 1900: 2 1901: 0 1902: 1 1903: 0 1904: 0 1905: 0 1906: 0 1907: 0 1908: 0 1909: 0 1910: 7 1911: 12 12 1912: 4 1913: 0 1914: 0 1915: 0 1916: 0 1917: 0 1918: 8 1919: 0 1920: 0 1921: 1 1922: 5 1923: 5 1924: 8 1925: 1 1926: 3 1927: 0 1928: 0 1929: 0 1930: 4 1931: 12 1932: 7 1933: 12 1934: 12 1935: 5 1936: 6 1937: 3 1938: 0 1939: 0 1940: 0 1941: 0 1942: 0 1943: 0 1944: 0 1945: 0 1946: 0 1947: 0 1948: 0 1949: 0 1950: 0 1951: 0 1952: 0 1953: 0 1954: 0 1955: 0 1956: 0 1957: 0 1958: 0 1959: 1 1960: 7 1961: 12 1962: 4 1963: 0 1964: 0 1965: 0 1966: 0 1967: 0 1968: 2 1969: 0 1970: 1 1971: 0 1972: 0 1973: 0 1974: 0 1975: 0 1976: 5 1977: 6 1978: 0 1979: 0 1980: 0 1981: 0 1982: 0 1983: 0 1984: 0 1985: 0 1986: 0 1987: 3 1988: 12 1989: 5 1990: 0 1991: 0 1992: 0 1993: 0 1994: 0 1995: 0 1996: 0 1997: 0 1998: 0 1999: 0 2000: 0 2001: 0 2002: 0 2003: 0 2004: 0 2005: 0 2006: 0 2007: 0 2008: 0 2009: 0 2010: 0 2011: 0 2012: 0 2013: 0 2014: 0 2015: 0 2016: 0 2017: 0 2018: 0 2019: 0 2020: 0 2021: 2 2022: 0 2023: 4 2024: 0 2025: 0 18951905191519251935194519551965197519851995200520152025
Months each year with a Palmer index of −3 or lower, 1895 to 2025. Twelve means the whole year.
  1. The Palmer Drought Severity Index is computed by NOAA each month from the county's average temperature and precipitation, relative to the county's own climate. Zero is normal; -3 or lower is severe drought and -4 or lower extreme drought. It describes the long-term balance of moisture, not water supply or crop losses.

NOAA NCEI nClimDiv county Palmer Drought Severity Index, 1895 to September 2026, issued October 6, 2026.

Earthquakes

2 earthquakes of magnitude 4 or more within 50 miles since 1900; the largest was magnitude 4.6 in 1975.

0

Magnitude 2.5+ inside the county since 1973

1

Magnitude 3+ within 50 miles since 1973

2

Magnitude 4+ within 50 miles since 1900

0

Magnitude 5+ within 50 miles since 1900

Largest within 50 miles

July 9, 1975

Magnitude 4.6

Near Morris, Minnesota; 44.1 miles away, 6.2 miles deep.

Most recent, magnitude 3 or more

July 9, 1975

Magnitude 4.6

Near Morris, Minnesota; 44.1 miles away.

Every earthquake of magnitude 4 or more within 50 miles

Earthquakes of magnitude 4 or more within 50 miles
Jul 9, 19754.644.16.2Near Morris, Minnesota
Sep 3, 19174.38.1—Central Minnesota
  1. Earthquakes of magnitude 2.5 or more in the USGS Comprehensive Catalog since 1900. Within 50 miles means the epicentre lies within 50 miles of the county boundary (or inside the county).
  2. Small earthquakes were under-recorded before the modern seismic networks of the 1970s and are still missed in remote areas, so early decades read low. Magnitudes are as the catalogue reports them and mix scales (moment, local and body-wave).

USGS ANSS Comprehensive Earthquake Catalog, 1900 to present, retrieved October 30, 2026.

Severe weather and other events

456 events in the National Weather Service record, 412 of them since 1996.

87

Hail reports, 1 inch or larger

6

Hail, 2 inches or larger

84

Damaging gusts, 58 mph+

101

Winter weather events since 1996

7

Heat events since 1996

39

Cold events since 1996

Largest hail

August 3, 2024

3.00 inches

Strongest measured or estimated gust

July 12, 2015

98 mph

More event types since 1996

Other Storm Events types since 1996
Dense fog and smoke100Mar 30, 2001

Costliest events since 1996

  1. Jul 12, 2015Tornado$500,000
    National Weather Service narrative

    A tornado moved out of Wadena County (where it was rated EF2) and into Todd County. A barn was collapsed just south of Aldrich, with roofing material blown 1/2 mile downwind. Dozens of trees were broken or uprooted in this area. Several wooden power poles were snapped. An outbuilding was also destroyed. Farther east, an outbuilding was destroyed along with a roof partially blown off near the intersection of 500th street and 223rd Avenue, just northwest of Dower Lake. Significant tree damage was noted on the northeast side of Dower Lake, and concentrated damage continued in a path to about two miles west of Staples. Separate entries have also been made for numerous trees blown down…

  2. Jun 3, 2024Flash Flood$400,000
    National Weather Service narrative

    Todd County had numerous culverts washed out. The heaviest rain fell north of Clarissa. Measured 5.62 in Clarissa, 6 to 8 public reports elsewhere. There was also damage to a few structures from the flood waters, with an estimated $400,000 in total damages.

  3. Jun 21, 2013High Wind, Todd$260,000
    National Weather Service narrative

    A wide area of wind damage occurred in Long Prairie, Minnesota as an outflow boundary from previous thunderstorms developed. A business lost a roof during the height of the high winds. In addition, debris was blown to the south, landing on cars in a parking lot. Numerous trees were blown down around town. The gusts continued through 315 AM CST before decreasing to less than 40 mph.

  4. Apr 7, 2001Flash Flood$200,000
    National Weather Service narrative

    The same intense low pressure system that brought high wind to southern Minnesota also dumped a large area of 3 to 4 inches rain across west central and central Minnesota, on top of melting snow and saturated ground. Drainage ditches, still clogged with snow, were unable to accept most of this rain water. About 3000 homes in Stearns County and 500 homes in Benton County sustained water damage to basements. Several homes were flooded along Hawk Creek near Clara City (Chippewa County), as were about 50 homes in Chokio and Morris (Stevens County). Dozens of people were evacuated, though no injuries were reported. Hundreds of roads were submerged and some bridges flooded.

  5. Jun 17, 2018Thunderstorm Wind$150,000
    National Weather Service narrative

    A farm was severely damaged as a concentrated area of wind damage occurred northeast of Long Prairie. The farm was located on Indigo Drive where the owner reported hundreds of trees blown down on his farm. The barn was completely destroyed with damage to a fence and home.

  6. Apr 11, 2015Wildfire, Todd$100,000
    National Weather Service narrative

    A wildfire started near mile marker 88 on Highway 210 east of Aldrich in Bartlett Township around 5 PM LST, Saturday, April 11th. Two buildings were destroyed, one being a house. No one was injured in the fire. The area consumed by the fire was estimated to be three miles long and a mile wide in sections 13, 12 and 1 of Bartlett Township.

  7. Jul 17, 2010Thunderstorm Wind$100,000
    National Weather Service narrative

    Dozens of trees were toppled in and around Staples, with some trees landing on vehicles, sheds and houses. The roof of a hardware store was partially removed.

  8. Aug 4, 2016Thunderstorm Wind$100,000
    National Weather Service narrative

    Numerous trees were blown down in Long Prairie. The most concentrated area of damage occurred on the south and northeast part of town. One tree landed on a home and damaged it. Building material from roofs was also blown off in the downtown area. The material that blew off also damaged adjacent buildings.

  9. May 12, 2022Thunderstorm Wind$100,000
    National Weather Service narrative

    A shed and old barn collapsed. Several dozen trees were also broken. Damage was most likely due to a downburst per the NWS survey. Time was estimated based on radar.

  10. Jun 13, 2001Flash Flood$100,000
    National Weather Service narrative

    Highway 27 flooded in Long Prairie. Road washed out 5 E Long Prairie.

  1. Storm Events records before 1996 cover only tornadoes, thunderstorm wind and hail. Damage figures are as reported by the National Weather Service at the time, not adjusted for inflation.

NOAA NCEI Storm Events Database, 1950 to 2026, issued October 26, 2026.

Weather records

From Long Prairie, 7 miles from the county’s population centre, with records from 1893.

All-time high
105°FJul 28, 1917
All-time low
−44°FFeb 2, 1996
Warmest night
80°F4 times, most recently Jul 7, 1988
Coldest day
−25°FFeb 8, 1899
Wettest day
8.90 inJul 22, 1972
Snowiest day
16.0 inJan 5, 1997
Hottest year
1987mean 48.0°F
Coldest year
1950mean 37.2°F
Wettest year
197244.57 in
Driest year
197614.01 in
Snowiest season
91.0 in2012-13
Average monthly high and low temperature and precipitation, last 30 years, Long Prairie 32°F 19° 1° 0.9 Jan 25° 5° 0.9 Feb 38° 17° 1.4 Mar 52° 30° 2.7 Apr 66° 42° 3.5 May 76° 53° 4.7 Jun 80° 58° 4.5 Jul 78° 56° 3.6 Aug 71° 49° 3.1 Sep 56° 36° 2.9 Oct 39° 22° 1.4 Nov 25° 9° 1.3 Dec Precipitation, inches
Average daily high and low by month, and average monthly precipitation, over the last 30 years.
Nights at or below freezing per year 1976: 198 1977: 159 1978: 177 1979: 190 1980: 185 1981: 174 1982: 176 1983: 185 1984: 181 1985: 175 1986: 165 1987: 162 1988: 182 1989: 174 1990: 180 1991: 180 1992: 182 1993: 181 1994: 165 1995: 178 1996: 184 1997: 183 1998: 154 1999: 161 2000: 163 2001: 163 2002: 189 2003: 171 2004: 168 2008: 191 2009: 182 2010: 169 2011: 187 2012: 176 2013: 202 202 2014: 191 2015: 171 2016: 165 2017: 184 2018: 200 2019: 195 2020: 200 2021: 181 2022: 187 2023: 183 2024: 162 2025: 176 19761986199620092019
Nights at or below freezing each complete year, last 50 years. Thirty-year average: 179.2.
Snowfall by winter 1976: 43.0 in 1977: 43.8 in 1978: 62.1 in 1979: 42.3 in 1980: 20.0 in 1981: 68.3 in 1982: 35.7 in 1983: 50.2 in 1984: 41.1 in 1985: 61.7 in 1986: 20.3 in 1987: 41.2 in 1988: 72.7 in 1989: 41.2 in 1990: 55.7 in 1991: 44.8 in 1992: 56.1 in 1993: 75.6 in 1994: 51.2 in 1995: 70.6 in 1996: 80.9 in 1997: 46.3 in 1998: 54.4 in 1999: 33.5 in 2000: 68.6 in 2001: 60.7 in 2002: 31.7 in 2003: 51.1 in 2004: 19.0 in 2007: 57.9 in 2008: 66.1 in 2009: 44.6 in 2010: 68.8 in 2011: 25.4 in 2012: 91.0 in 91.0 2013: 62.7 in 2014: 35.6 in 2015: 31.2 in 2016: 40.6 in 2017: 62.7 in 2018: 76.2 in 2019: 47.8 in 2020: 48.5 in 2021: 68.0 in 2022: 83.2 in 2023: 27.2 in 2024: 49.3 in 2025: 47.5 in 19761986199620082018
Total snowfall each winter (July to June), last 50 winters.

Median first snow

November 5

Earliest: October 5, 2018

Median last snow

April 12

Latest: May 9, 2019

0 of 75 winters had no measurable snow.

Station Long Prairie (USC00214861), 1,340 ft elevation, 7.0 miles from the population centre. Daily records from 1893 to October 27, 2026; 92.9% of days in the last 30 years are complete. Records at a single station can differ from a city’s official threaded record, which may combine several stations.

NOAA NCEI Global Historical Climatology Network Daily.

Federal disaster declarations

13 since 1953. The most recent: Severe Storms, Straight-Line Winds, Tornadoes, and Flooding, August 9, 2022.

Federal disaster declarations
Aug 9, 2022Severe StormSevere Storms, Straight-Line Winds, Tornadoes, and FloodingMajor disasterDR-4666-MN
Jul 8, 2022Severe StormSevere Storms, Straight-Line Winds, Tornadoes, and FloodingMajor disasterDR-4658-MN
Apr 7, 2020BiologicalCovid-19 PandemicMajor disasterDR-4531-MN
Mar 13, 2020BiologicalCovid-19EmergencyEM-3453-MN
Jul 21, 2014FloodSevere Storms, Straight-Line Winds, Flooding, Landslides, and MudslidesMajor disasterDR-4182-MN
Sep 13, 2005HurricaneHurricane Katrina EvacuationEmergencyEM-3242-MN
May 16, 2001FloodSevere Winter Storms, Flooding, and TornadoesMajor disasterDR-1370-MN
Apr 8, 1997FloodSevere Flooding, High Winds,Severe StormsMajor disasterDR-1175-MN
Jan 16, 1997Severe StormSevere Winter StormsMajor disasterDR-1158-MN
Jun 17, 1976DroughtDroughtEmergencyEM-3013-MN
Aug 1, 1972FloodSevere Storms & FloodingMajor disasterDR-347-MN
Mar 22, 1966FloodFloodingMajor disasterDR-215-MN
Apr 11, 1965FloodFloodingMajor disasterDR-188-MN

This product uses the Federal Emergency Management Agency's OpenFEMA API, but is not endorsed by FEMA. The Federal Government or FEMA cannot vouch for the data or analyses derived from these data after the data have been retrieved from the Agency's website(s).

OpenFEMA Disaster Declarations Summaries, retrieved October 30, 2026. Statewide declarations are not listed.

How this compares

Where Todd County stands among 87 counties in Minnesota and 3,143 in the United States.

Ranks
Tornadoes since 19502741 / 871,140 / 3,143
Tornadoes rated F3/EF3 or stronger130 / 871,281 / 3,143
Tropical cyclones within 50 mi0——
Hurricane-strength passes within 50 mi0——
Wildfire acres since 19840——
Flood insurance claims1365 / 872,237 / 3,143
Flood insurance paid$127,00068 / 872,289 / 3,143
Disaster declarations1371 / 872,537 / 3,143
Flood events since 19961674 / 872,676 / 3,143
Hail and wind events since 199621958 / 871,812 / 3,143
Winter storm events since 199610172 / 87937 / 3,143
Reported damage since 1996$2.4 million74 / 872,699 / 3,143
River crests at major flood stage0——
High tide flooding days a year, last 10 years0.0——
Months in severe drought since 189518218 / 87432 / 3,143
Medium or heavy smoke days a year, last 10 years33.423 / 8772 / 3,143
Earthquakes M4+ within 50 mi since 190024 / 871,151 / 3,143
Earthquakes M2.5+ in the county since 19730——

Neighbouring counties

Neighbouring counties
Cass County3101,47012
Douglas County260016
Morrison County29031,23950
Otter Tail County8902,456109
Stearns County570584112
Wadena County2302,7107

Sources and vintage

Every number on this page comes from these public records.

  • Tornadoes NOAA Storm Prediction Center severe weather database, through 2025.
  • Tropical cyclones NOAA National Hurricane Center HURDAT2 (Atlantic; Northeast and Central Pacific), through 2025.
  • Wildfire USGS/USFS Monitoring Trends in Burn Severity, through 2026.
  • Storm events NOAA NCEI Storm Events Database, through 2026.
  • Flood insurance OpenFEMA NFIP Redacted Claims v3, refreshed August 4, 2026.
  • Declarations OpenFEMA Disaster Declarations Summaries v2, retrieved October 30, 2026.
  • Weather records NOAA NCEI Global Historical Climatology Network Daily, station USC00214861.
  • River crests NOAA National Weather Service, National Water Prediction Service river gauges, retrieved October 30, 2026.
  • Drought NOAA NCEI nClimDiv county Palmer Drought Severity Index, through September 2026.
  • Smoke NOAA NESDIS Hazard Mapping System smoke analysis, retrieved October 30, 2026.
  • Earthquakes USGS ANSS Comprehensive Earthquake Catalog (ComCat), retrieved October 30, 2026.

Joins, thresholds and known limits are set out in the methodology. Found an error? Report it. Page built October 30, 2026.