Carroll County

Population 8,417 (2025) 695 sq mi

Property owners in Carroll County have filed 179 federal flood insurance claims since 1978, 35th most of 115 counties in Missouri.

Hazard fingerprint for Carroll County Tornado: 32th percentile. Tropical: 0th percentile. Wildfire: 0th percentile. Flood: 67th percentile. Hail & wind: 19th percentile. Heat: 68th percentile. Cold: 50th percentile. Winter: 29th percentile. TORTROPFIREFLOODSEVEREHEATCOLDWINTER

Hazard fingerprint Each spoke is this county’s percentile among U.S. counties where that hazard occurs. How it is computed

2026
  • Tornado damage paths since 195017
  • Major flood years since 19783

At a glance

The record for Carroll County in eight numbers. Each links to its section below.

Flood insurance claims

179

35th of 115 in Missouri

$3.7 million paid since 1981

Details

Tornadoes since 1950

17

86th of 115 in Missouri

Fewer than the typical Missouri county, which has had 25

Details

Strongest tornado

F4

May 4, 1977, 48.6 mile path

Federal disaster declarations

29

Most recent: Severe Storms, Tornadoes, and Flooding, 2026

Details

Record high

114°F

July 14, 1954

Details

Record low

−34°F

February 13, 1905

Details

Snowiest season

54.6in

Winter of 1959-60

Costliest event since 1996

$300K

Tornado, April 8, 1999

Details

Tornadoes

About one every 4.5 years since 1950, 2 of them rated F3/EF3 or stronger.

Strongest

May 4, 1977

F4, 48.6 mile path

880 yards wide.

Most recent

Monday, March 6, 2017

EF0, 6.0 mile path

9 years ago.

Tornadoes by decade Doppler radar era² 1950s: 1 1 1960s: 4 4 1970s: 6 6 1980s: 0 1990s: 1 1 2000s: 4 4 2010s: 1 1 2020s: 0 1950s1960s1970s1980s1990s2000s2010s2020s
Recorded tornadoes per decade. The 2020s are incomplete.
Tornadoes by month J: 0 F: 0 M: 2 A: 3 M: 5 5 J: 4 J: 0 A: 1 S: 1 O: 0 N: 1 D: 0 JFMAMJJASOND
By month of occurrence, all years.

Every recorded tornado

Tornadoes in Carroll County since 1950
Mar 6, 2017EF06.010000
Aug 16, 2007EF00.12500
Mar 12, 2006F09.610000
Jun 20, 2000F01.04000
May 26, 2000F12.54000
Apr 8, 1999F253.528020
May 4, 1977F448.688010
Nov 29, 1975F08.05000
Apr 20, 1973F25.01000
Jun 12, 1970F00.11000
Jun 12, 1970F12.35000
Jun 12, 1970F00.11000
Apr 21, 1967F314.644000
Sep 20, 1965F12.05000
May 26, 1965F00.11000
May 7, 1961F29.65000
May 26, 1955F00.21010
  1. Injuries and deaths are for the tornado’s whole path, which may extend beyond the county. Deaths recorded within Carroll County: 0.
  2. Weak tornadoes were under-recorded before Doppler radar coverage became national in the early 1990s, so earlier decades read low. Ratings use the Fujita scale before February 2007 and the Enhanced Fujita scale after.

Storm Prediction Center severe weather database, 1950 to 2025.

Hurricanes and tropical storms

No tropical storm or hurricane has tracked within 100 miles since records began in 1851.

Wildfire and smoke

No large wildfire has been mapped here since satellite mapping began in 1984.

Smoke overhead

Smokiest year

2023: 65 days

Heavy smoke on 16 days in 2021, the most of any year.

Last 10 years

24.7 days a year

Medium or heavy smoke, 2016 to 2025.

2025

18 days

Medium or heavy smoke. 37 so far in 2026.

Days with medium or heavy smoke overhead, by year 2011: 13 2012: 22 2013: 16 2014: 8 2015: 12 2016: 2 2017: 10 2018: 9 2019: 10 2020: 21 2021: 54 2022: 23 2023: 65 65 2024: 35 2025: 18 201120122013201420152016201720182019202020212022202320242025
Days each year on which a satellite-traced plume of medium or heavy smoke covered the county’s population centre, 2011 to 2025.
  1. A smoke day is a date on which a smoke plume traced by NOAA Hazard Mapping System analysts from satellite imagery covered this place's point (the county's population centre or the city centre). Counts here are of medium or heavy smoke. Since 2018 analysts have often drawn light smoke as one area over most of the continent, so light-smoke counts are not comparable from year to year. The plumes show smoke anywhere in the air above, not air quality at the ground, and smoke hidden by cloud is missed.

NOAA Hazard Mapping System smoke analysis, 2011 to 2026, retrieved October 30, 2026.

Floods and flood insurance

179 federal flood insurance claims since 1981, with $3.7 million paid.

Federal flood insurance claims by year 1981: 5 1982: 10 1985: 6 1993: 39 39 1995: 13 1998: 30 2007: 14 2011: 10 2016: 5 2019: 29 19811998
Claims per year since 1981. Years with fewer than five claims are not shown.

Most claims in one year

1993: 39 claims

$943,000 paid.

2nd most

1998: 30 claims

$1.0 million paid.

3rd most

2019: 29 claims

$806,000 paid.

Claims by ZIP code

Flood insurance claims by ZIP code
64633146$3.2 million
6466825$194,000
646875$79,000

Flood events since 1996

  • Flood55
  • Flash Flood21

This product uses the Federal Emergency Management Agency's OpenFEMA API, but is not endorsed by FEMA. The Federal Government or FEMA cannot vouch for the data or analyses derived from these data after the data have been retrieved from the Agency's website(s).

OpenFEMA NFIP Redacted Claims v3, refreshed August 4, 2026. NOAA Storm Events through 2026.

River crests

Most severe crest

July 13, 1993

Grand River near Brunswick, 34.40 ft

15.40 feet above the 19.0 ft flood stage; major flooding by today’s categories.

Most recent moderate or major crest

April 28, 2026

Wakenda Creek at Carrollton, 19.36 ft

Moderate flooding.

Highest river crests above flood stage
Jul 13, 1993Grand River near Brunswick34.40+15.40Major
Jun 26, 2021Wakenda Creek at Carrollton22.21+6.21Major
May 31, 2019Grand River near Brunswick32.45+13.45Moderate
May 13, 2007Grand River near Brunswick30.51+11.51Moderate
Jun 1, 2013Grand River near Brunswick30.15+11.15Moderate
Jun 30, 2008Grand River near Brunswick29.80+10.80Moderate
May 16, 2010Grand River near Brunswick29.75+10.75Moderate
May 28, 1995Grand River near Brunswick29.60+10.60Moderate
May 28, 1996Grand River near Brunswick29.50+10.50Moderate
Oct 7, 1998Grand River near Brunswick29.10+10.10Moderate
Jun 8, 2001Grand River near Brunswick28.94+9.94Moderate
Jun 18, 2010Grand River near Brunswick28.90+9.90Moderate
Oct 13, 2018Grand River near Brunswick27.98+8.98Moderate
May 14, 2002Grand River near Brunswick27.95+8.95Moderate
Apr 13, 1997Grand River near Brunswick27.53+8.53Moderate
May 12, 1996Grand River near Brunswick27.20+8.20Moderate
Sep 17, 2008Grand River near Brunswick27.00+8.00Moderate
Aug 2, 2016Wakenda Creek at Carrollton20.95+4.95Moderate
Jun 24, 2019Wakenda Creek at Carrollton20.55+4.55Moderate
Sep 14, 2008Wakenda Creek at Carrollton20.54+4.54Moderate
Jun 5, 2020Wakenda Creek at Carrollton20.53+4.53Moderate
Apr 19, 2013Wakenda Creek at Carrollton20.34+4.34Moderate
Apr 29, 2024Wakenda Creek at Carrollton20.16+4.16Moderate
May 22, 2019Wakenda Creek at Carrollton20.09+4.09Moderate
Jun 28, 2011Wakenda Creek at Carrollton20.02+4.02Moderate

River gauges

River gauges and their highest listed crests
Grand River near Brunswick19.034.40 ftJul 13, 19931
Wakenda Creek at Carrollton16.022.21 ftJun 26, 20211
  1. Crests are the highest and the recent crests the National Weather Service lists for each river gauge in the county that has a flood stage, not every flood. Flood categories use each gauge's current flood stages; crests from before levees, dams or channel changes may not be comparable. Crests measured on an old datum are left out of the rankings.

NOAA National Water Prediction Service gauge records, retrieved October 30, 2026.

Drought

In severe drought or worse for 126 of 1,581 months since 1895 (8%); the longest spell lasted 17 months.

126

Months in severe drought or worse since 1895

53

Months in extreme drought

8%

Share of all months, severe or worse

19

Drought reports to the Weather Service since 1996

Lowest reading

August 1934

−7.25, extreme drought

Longest severe spell

17 months

December 1917 to April 1919.

Latest month

September 2026

0.00, near normal

Last severe month: July 2018.

Months in severe drought or worse, by year 1895: 0 1896: 0 1897: 0 1898: 0 1899: 0 1900: 0 1901: 5 1902: 5 1903: 0 1904: 0 1905: 0 1906: 1 1907: 0 1908: 0 1909: 0 1910: 0 1911: 1 1912: 0 1913: 0 1914: 0 1915: 0 1916: 0 1917: 3 1918: 12 12 1919: 4 1920: 0 1921: 0 1922: 0 1923: 0 1924: 0 1925: 0 1926: 0 1927: 0 1928: 0 1929: 0 1930: 3 1931: 5 1932: 0 1933: 2 1934: 8 1935: 0 1936: 2 1937: 0 1938: 0 1939: 1 1940: 6 1941: 0 1942: 0 1943: 0 1944: 0 1945: 0 1946: 0 1947: 0 1948: 0 1949: 0 1950: 0 1951: 0 1952: 0 1953: 4 1954: 12 1955: 2 1956: 6 1957: 4 1958: 0 1959: 0 1960: 0 1961: 0 1962: 0 1963: 3 1964: 3 1965: 0 1966: 0 1967: 0 1968: 0 1969: 0 1970: 0 1971: 0 1972: 0 1973: 0 1974: 0 1975: 0 1976: 5 1977: 5 1978: 0 1979: 0 1980: 6 1981: 4 1982: 0 1983: 0 1984: 0 1985: 0 1986: 0 1987: 0 1988: 2 1989: 4 1990: 0 1991: 0 1992: 0 1993: 0 1994: 0 1995: 0 1996: 0 1997: 0 1998: 0 1999: 0 2000: 0 2001: 0 2002: 0 2003: 0 2004: 0 2005: 0 2006: 0 2007: 0 2008: 0 2009: 0 2010: 0 2011: 0 2012: 4 2013: 0 2014: 2 2015: 0 2016: 0 2017: 0 2018: 2 2019: 0 2020: 0 2021: 0 2022: 0 2023: 0 2024: 0 2025: 0 18951905191519251935194519551965197519851995200520152025
Months each year with a Palmer index of −3 or lower, 1895 to 2025. Twelve means the whole year.
  1. The Palmer Drought Severity Index is computed by NOAA each month from the county's average temperature and precipitation, relative to the county's own climate. Zero is normal; -3 or lower is severe drought and -4 or lower extreme drought. It describes the long-term balance of moisture, not water supply or crop losses.

NOAA NCEI nClimDiv county Palmer Drought Severity Index, 1895 to September 2026, issued October 6, 2026.

Earthquakes

3 earthquakes of magnitude 2.5 or more within 50 miles since 2005; none reached magnitude 4.

1

Magnitude 2.5+ inside the county since 1973

1

Magnitude 3+ within 50 miles since 1973

0

Magnitude 4+ within 50 miles since 1900

0

Magnitude 5+ within 50 miles since 1900

Largest within 50 miles

July 31, 2005

Magnitude 3.3

Missouri; 49.3 miles away, 3.1 miles deep.

Most recent, magnitude 3 or more

July 31, 2005

Magnitude 3.3

Missouri; 49.3 miles away.

  1. Earthquakes of magnitude 2.5 or more in the USGS Comprehensive Catalog since 1900. Within 50 miles means the epicentre lies within 50 miles of the county boundary (or inside the county).
  2. Small earthquakes were under-recorded before the modern seismic networks of the 1970s and are still missed in remote areas, so early decades read low. Magnitudes are as the catalogue reports them and mix scales (moment, local and body-wave).

USGS ANSS Comprehensive Earthquake Catalog, 1900 to present, retrieved October 30, 2026.

Severe weather and other events

366 events in the National Weather Service record, 308 of them since 1996.

74

Hail reports, 1 inch or larger

15

Hail, 2 inches or larger

52

Damaging gusts, 58 mph+

41

Winter weather events since 1996

16

Heat events since 1996

10

Cold events since 1996

Largest hail

April 23, 1975

4.50 inches

Strongest measured or estimated gust

June 17, 2009

100 mph

Costliest events since 1996

  1. Apr 8, 1999Tornado$300,000
    National Weather Service narrative

    The tornado touched down 3 miles west of Bosworth and moved northeast into Chariton and Macon Counties. A home was destroyed 1 mile north of Bosworth and several large trees were downed before the tornado moved into Chariton County.

  2. Mar 12, 2006Tornado$250,000
    National Weather Service narrative

    F0 tornado touched down around Norborne at 0944 CST and then lifted 2 miles east of Carrollton at 1005 CST. Damage was noted to buildings...trees and power lines.

  3. Jan 30, 2002Ice Storm, Carroll$250,000
    National Weather Service narrative

    A long-lived major ice and snow storm blasted much of northwest, northern and central Missouri from late Tuesday, January 29th, until Thursday, January 31st. Ice accumulations of over an inch were observed from the Kansas City metropolitan area, east and north through Moberly Missouri. At one point 409,504 total customers were without electrical power in the CWA, with some residents without power up to two weeks. For the Kansas City area, the ice storm was ranked as the worst ever. Further north across northern Missouri, heavy snow fell generally along and north of a line, from St. Joseph to Trenton to Kirksville. Snow accumulations ranged from 8 to 14 inches.

  4. Oct 14, 2000Thunderstorm Wind$200,000
    National Weather Service narrative

    Extensive wind damage was reported just southwest of Hale. A 50-by-60 foot machine shed and a 60-by-120 foot Morton building were destroyed, and farm equipment inside was damaged. A two car garage was destroyed, and a modular home suffered roof damage. Large trees and limbs were downed, and one limb fell on the roof of a home, causing damage.

  5. Mar 9, 2002Thunderstorm Wind$25,000
    National Weather Service narrative

    Roof blown off a house. Silo blown over onto church.

  6. Jun 17, 2009Thunderstorm Wind$20,000
    National Weather Service narrative

    Spotter reported thunderstorm wind gusts estimated to be up to 100 mph. Winds were gusting up to 60 mph, for 10 to 15 minutes, between Norborne and Carrollton. Numerous trees and power lines were down. Several power poles were snapped.

  7. Jun 14, 1998Thunderstorm Wind$20,000
    National Weather Service narrative

    A barn was destroyed by severe thunderstorm winds along County Line Rd, 8 miles southwest of Plymouth.

  8. May 26, 2000Thunderstorm Wind$10,000
    National Weather Service narrative

    Thunderstorm winds damaged the roof of a home east of Carrollton.

  9. Oct 14, 2000Thunderstorm Wind$10,000
    National Weather Service narrative

    Large tree limbs were blown down and a machine shed was severely damaged.

  10. Jun 2, 2018Thunderstorm Wind$10,000
    National Weather Service narrative

    Main power line was downed by strong winds.

  1. Storm Events records before 1996 cover only tornadoes, thunderstorm wind and hail. Damage figures are as reported by the National Weather Service at the time, not adjusted for inflation.

NOAA NCEI Storm Events Database, 1950 to 2026, issued October 26, 2026.

Weather records

From Carrollton, 3.4 miles from the county’s population centre, with records from 1893.

All-time high
114°FJul 14, 1954
All-time low
−34°FFeb 13, 1905
Warmest night
86°FJul 8, 1991
Coldest day
−7°FDec 22, 1989
Wettest day
7.34 inJul 25, 2025
Snowiest day
18.0 inFeb 12, 1894
Hottest year
2012mean 57.6°F
Coldest year
1979mean 51.8°F
Wettest year
199864.72 in
Driest year
195621.54 in
Snowiest season
54.6 in1959-60
Average monthly high and low temperature and precipitation, last 30 years, Carrollton 32°F 38° 18° 1.2 Jan 43° 22° 1.5 Feb 55° 32° 2.8 Mar 66° 42° 3.7 Apr 75° 54° 4.8 May 85° 64° 5.6 Jun 88° 68° 3.9 Jul 87° 65° 4.4 Aug 81° 57° 3.6 Sep 69° 45° 3.1 Oct 55° 33° 1.8 Nov 42° 23° 1.4 Dec Precipitation, inches
Average daily high and low by month, and average monthly precipitation, over the last 30 years.
Days reaching 95°F per year 1976: 21 1977: 11 1978: 12 1979: 4 1980: 48 48 1981: 9 1982: 11 1983: 42 1984: 21 1985: 8 1986: 14 1987: 25 1988: 36 1989: 11 1990: 16 1991: 29 1992: 1 1993: 4 1994: 7 1995: 12 1999: 18 2001: 11 2002: 11 2003: 23 2004: 1 2005: 20 2008: 4 2009: 2 2010: 7 2011: 21 2012: 29 2013: 9 2014: 1 2015: 5 2016: 4 2017: 3 2018: 14 2019: 2 2020: 1 2021: 5 2022: 11 2023: 9 2024: 4 2025: 13 19761986199920122022
Days reaching 95°F each complete year, last 50 years. Thirty-year average: 9.5.
Snowfall by winter 1974: 29.9 in 1975: 36.2 in 1976: 27.0 in 1977: 45.0 in 45.0 1978: 42.0 in 1979: 27.6 in 1980: 12.3 in 1981: 29.7 in 1982: 14.2 in 1983: 25.9 in 1984: 28.8 in 1985: 13.4 in 1986: 19.8 in 1987: 29.1 in 1988: 11.8 in 1989: 27.9 in 1990: 14.9 in 1991: 14.6 in 1992: 39.3 in 1993: 16.5 in 1994: 13.3 in 1995: 5.8 in 1996: 27.7 in 1997: 6.0 in 1998: 13.7 in 1999: 9.8 in 2000: 20.3 in 2001: 3.5 in 2002: 6.4 in 2003: 14.0 in 2004: 11.5 in 2005: 6.0 in 2007: 7.6 in 2008: 9.0 in 2009: 26.9 in 2014: 9.5 in 2015: 4.1 in 2016: 2.0 in 2017: 3.3 in 2018: 19.5 in 2019: 16.5 in 2020: 8.0 in 2021: 17.1 in 2022: 5.0 in 2023: 5.0 in 19741984199420042019
Total snowfall each winter (July to June), last 50 winters.

Median first snow

December 7

Earliest: October 18, 1976

Median last snow

March 14

Latest: April 21, 2021

0 of 72 winters had no measurable snow.

Station Carrollton (USC00231340), 705 ft elevation, 3.4 miles from the population centre. Daily records from 1893 to October 27, 2026; 96.3% of days in the last 30 years are complete. Records at a single station can differ from a city’s official threaded record, which may combine several stations.

NOAA NCEI Global Historical Climatology Network Daily.

Federal disaster declarations

29 since 1953. The most recent: Severe Storms, Tornadoes, and Flooding, June 30, 2026.

Federal disaster declarations
Jun 30, 2026Severe StormSevere Storms, Tornadoes, and FloodingMajor disasterDR-4924-MO
Sep 1, 2021Severe StormSevere Storms, Straight-Line Winds, Tornadoes, and FloodingMajor disasterDR-4612-MO
Mar 26, 2020BiologicalCovid-19 PandemicMajor disasterDR-4490-MO
Mar 13, 2020BiologicalCovid-19EmergencyEM-3482-MO
Jul 9, 2019Severe StormSevere Storms, Tornadoes, and FloodingMajor disasterDR-4451-MO
May 20, 2019FloodSevere Storms, Straight-Line Winds, and FloodingMajor disasterDR-4435-MO
Aug 12, 2011FloodFloodingMajor disasterDR-4012-MO
Jun 30, 2011FloodFloodingEmergencyEM-3325-MO
Mar 23, 2011Severe StormSevere Winter Storm and SnowstormMajor disasterDR-1961-MO
Feb 3, 2011Severe StormSevere Winter StormEmergencyEM-3317-MO
Aug 17, 2010Severe StormSevere Storms, Flooding, and TornadoesMajor disasterDR-1934-MO
Jan 30, 2009Severe Ice StormSevere Winter StormEmergencyEM-3303-MO
Jun 25, 2008Severe StormSevere Storms and FloodingMajor disasterDR-1773-MO
Dec 12, 2007Severe Ice StormSevere Winter StormsEmergencyEM-3281-MO
Jun 11, 2007Severe StormSevere Storms and FloodingMajor disasterDR-1708-MO
Mar 16, 2006Severe StormSevere Storms, Tornadoes and FloodingMajor disasterDR-1631-MO
Sep 10, 2005HurricaneHurricane Katrina EvacuationEmergencyEM-3232-MO
Jun 11, 2004Severe StormSevere Storms, Tornadoes, and FloodingMajor disasterDR-1524-MO
May 6, 2002Severe StormSevere Storms, Tornadoes and FloodingMajor disasterDR-1412-MO
Feb 6, 2002Severe Ice StormSevere Winter Ice StormMajor disasterDR-1403-MO
Oct 14, 1998Severe StormSevere Storms, Flooding and TornadoesMajor disasterDR-1253-MO
Jun 2, 1995Severe StormSevere Storms, Tornadoes, Hail, FloodingMajor disasterDR-1054-MO
Jul 9, 1993FloodSevere Storms & FloodingMajor disasterDR-995-MO
May 7, 1977TornadoTornadoes & FloodingMajor disasterDR-535-MO
Sep 24, 1976DroughtDroughtEmergencyEM-3017-MO
Jun 10, 1974FloodSevere Storms & FloodingMajor disasterDR-439-MO
Nov 1, 1973FloodSevere Storms & FloodingMajor disasterDR-407-MO
Apr 19, 1973Severe StormHeavy Rains, Tornadoes & FloodingMajor disasterDR-372-MO
Jul 27, 1965FloodSevere Storms & FloodingMajor disasterDR-203-MO

This product uses the Federal Emergency Management Agency's OpenFEMA API, but is not endorsed by FEMA. The Federal Government or FEMA cannot vouch for the data or analyses derived from these data after the data have been retrieved from the Agency's website(s).

OpenFEMA Disaster Declarations Summaries, retrieved October 30, 2026. Statewide declarations are not listed.

How this compares

Where Carroll County stands among 115 counties in Missouri and 3,143 in the United States.

Ranks
Tornadoes since 19501786 / 1151,740 / 3,143
Tornadoes rated F3/EF3 or stronger247 / 115866 / 3,143
Tropical cyclones within 50 mi0——
Hurricane-strength passes within 50 mi0——
Wildfire acres since 19840——
Flood insurance claims17935 / 115995 / 3,143
Flood insurance paid$3.7 million36 / 115871 / 3,143
Disaster declarations2910 / 115436 / 3,143
Flood events since 19967657 / 115922 / 3,143
Hail and wind events since 1996139104 / 1152,471 / 3,143
Winter storm events since 199641108 / 1152,179 / 3,143
Reported damage since 1996$1.1 million95 / 1152,925 / 3,143
River crests at major flood stage257 / 1151,260 / 3,143
High tide flooding days a year, last 10 years0.0——
Months in severe drought since 189512651 / 1151,570 / 3,143
Medium or heavy smoke days a year, last 10 years24.719 / 115675 / 3,143
Earthquakes M4+ within 50 mi since 19000——
Earthquakes M2.5+ in the county since 1973126 / 115826 / 3,143

Neighbouring counties

Neighbouring counties
Caldwell County1108971
Chariton County160057
Lafayette County300018
Livingston County130024
Ray County3400191
Saline County240016

Sources and vintage

Every number on this page comes from these public records.

  • Tornadoes NOAA Storm Prediction Center severe weather database, through 2025.
  • Tropical cyclones NOAA National Hurricane Center HURDAT2 (Atlantic; Northeast and Central Pacific), through 2025.
  • Wildfire USGS/USFS Monitoring Trends in Burn Severity, through 2026.
  • Storm events NOAA NCEI Storm Events Database, through 2026.
  • Flood insurance OpenFEMA NFIP Redacted Claims v3, refreshed August 4, 2026.
  • Declarations OpenFEMA Disaster Declarations Summaries v2, retrieved October 30, 2026.
  • Weather records NOAA NCEI Global Historical Climatology Network Daily, station USC00231340.
  • River crests NOAA National Weather Service, National Water Prediction Service river gauges, retrieved October 30, 2026.
  • Drought NOAA NCEI nClimDiv county Palmer Drought Severity Index, through September 2026.
  • Smoke NOAA NESDIS Hazard Mapping System smoke analysis, retrieved October 30, 2026.
  • Earthquakes USGS ANSS Comprehensive Earthquake Catalog (ComCat), retrieved October 30, 2026.

Joins, thresholds and known limits are set out in the methodology. Found an error? Report it. Page built October 30, 2026.