Moniteau County

Population 15,428 (2025) 415 sq mi

Moniteau County has recorded 22 tornadoes since 1950, 71st most of 115 counties in Missouri; the most recent was on April 27, 2024.

Hazard fingerprint for Moniteau County Tornado: 68th percentile. Tropical: 0th percentile. Wildfire: 9th percentile. Flood: 54th percentile. Hail & wind: 37th percentile. Heat: 84th percentile. Cold: 28th percentile. Winter: 33th percentile. TORTROPFIREFLOODSEVEREHEATCOLDWINTER

Hazard fingerprint Each spoke is this county’s percentile among U.S. counties where that hazard occurs. How it is computed

2026
  • Tornado damage paths since 195022
  • Tropical cyclone tracks within 100 miles since 1851, wider where stronger1
  • Wildfire burn scars since 19841

At a glance

The record for Moniteau County in eight numbers. Each links to its section below.

Tornadoes since 1950

22

71st of 115 in Missouri

About as many as the typical Missouri county

Details

Flood insurance claims

27

72nd of 115 in Missouri

$261,000 paid since 1993

Details

Acres burned since 1984

472

40th of 115 in Missouri

1 large fire; the largest was Wooldridge Fire, 2022

Details

Tropical cyclones within 100 mi

1

None within 50 miles since 1851

Details

Strongest tornado

F2

May 12, 1980, 42.7 mile path

Federal disaster declarations

23

Most recent: Severe Storms, Straight-Line Winds, Tornadoes, and Flooding, 2026

Details

Record high

109°F

Reached 2 times, most recently July 31, 1980

Details

Record low

−21°F

December 23, 1989

Details

Tornadoes

About one every 3.5 years since 1950, none rated F3/EF3 or stronger.

Strongest

May 12, 1980

F2, 42.7 mile path

50 yards wide.

Most recent

Saturday, April 27, 2024

EF1, 1.7 mile path

2 years ago.

Tornadoes by decade Doppler radar era² 1950s: 2 2 1960s: 5 5 1970s: 3 3 1980s: 4 4 1990s: 6 6 2000s: 1 1 2010s: 0 2020s: 1 1 1950s1960s1970s1980s1990s2000s2010s2020s
Recorded tornadoes per decade. The 2020s are incomplete.
Tornadoes by month J: 0 F: 0 M: 3 A: 3 M: 4 4 J: 4 J: 1 A: 2 S: 2 O: 2 N: 1 D: 0 JFMAMJJASOND
By month of occurrence, all years.

Every recorded tornado

Tornadoes in Moniteau County since 1950
Apr 27, 2024EF11.73000
Apr 10, 2001F00.12500
Jul 7, 1993F05.04000
Nov 27, 1990F10.52300
Jun 7, 1990F20.57300
Jun 7, 1990F10.25000
Jun 7, 1990F10.25000
Jun 7, 1990F10.25000
Apr 3, 1984F00.52700
May 14, 1982F10.35000
Mar 15, 1982F15.015000
May 12, 1980F242.75000
Aug 13, 1974F00.11000
Aug 13, 1974F00.11000
Sep 7, 1972F00.15000
Oct 24, 1967F20.55000
Oct 14, 1966F27.65000
May 4, 1963F10.51700
Mar 5, 1961F10.21000
Mar 5, 1961F10.21000
Sep 21, 1955F14.750000
May 26, 1955F10.21000
  1. Injuries and deaths are for the tornado’s whole path, which may extend beyond the county. Deaths recorded within Moniteau County: 0.
  2. Weak tornadoes were under-recorded before Doppler radar coverage became national in the early 1990s, so earlier decades read low. Ratings use the Fujita scale before February 2007 and the Enhanced Fujita scale after.

Storm Prediction Center severe weather database, 1950 to 2025.

Hurricanes and tropical storms

1 tropical cyclone passed within 100 miles since 1851, none within 50.

Most recent

September 14, 2008

Ike, Tropical storm

99.4 miles at closest approach.

Every storm within 100 miles

Tropical cyclones within 100 miles
Ike200899.4Tropical storm45Category 4
Unnamed190256.5Post-tropical40Category 1
  1. Tropical storms and hurricanes (34 kt or more, still tropical) at closest approach. Post-tropical remnants with gale-force winds are listed but not counted. Direct: track within 50 miles; near: within 100 miles. Distance is measured to the county boundary for counties and to the city centre for cities, using positions interpolated hourly between HURDAT2 fixes.

National Hurricane Center HURDAT2, 1851 to 2025.

Wildfire and smoke

472 acres burned in 1 large fire since 1984, equal to 0.2% of the land.

Largest

October 22, 2022

Wooldridge Fire, 1,321 acres

471 acres inside Moniteau County.

Most recent

October 22, 2022

Wooldridge Fire

1,321 acres in total.

Acres burned since 1984, cumulative 2022: 472 472 acres 198519901995200020052010201520202025
Running total of acres burned inside the county (line) and each year’s acres (bars).

Every large fire

Large wildfires since 1984
Wooldridge Fire20224711,321
  1. Large fires mapped by the Monitoring Trends in Burn Severity program since 1984: 1,000 acres or more in the West, 500 or more in the East. Prescribed burns are excluded. Acres here are the part of each perimeter inside this place.

Monitoring Trends in Burn Severity (USGS and U.S. Forest Service), 1984 to 2026.

Smoke overhead

Smokiest year

2023: 61 days

Heavy smoke on 14 days in 2021, the most of any year.

Last 10 years

22.2 days a year

Medium or heavy smoke, 2016 to 2025.

2025

16 days

Medium or heavy smoke. 35 so far in 2026.

Days with medium or heavy smoke overhead, by year 2011: 14 2012: 18 2013: 11 2014: 9 2015: 13 2016: 2 2017: 7 2018: 8 2019: 8 2020: 18 2021: 51 2022: 19 2023: 61 61 2024: 32 2025: 16 201120122013201420152016201720182019202020212022202320242025
Days each year on which a satellite-traced plume of medium or heavy smoke covered the county’s population centre, 2011 to 2025.
  1. A smoke day is a date on which a smoke plume traced by NOAA Hazard Mapping System analysts from satellite imagery covered this place's point (the county's population centre or the city centre). Counts here are of medium or heavy smoke. Since 2018 analysts have often drawn light smoke as one area over most of the continent, so light-smoke counts are not comparable from year to year. The plumes show smoke anywhere in the air above, not air quality at the ground, and smoke hidden by cloud is missed.

NOAA Hazard Mapping System smoke analysis, 2011 to 2026, retrieved October 30, 2026.

Floods and flood insurance

27 federal flood insurance claims since 1993, with $261,000 paid.

Federal flood insurance claims by year 1993: 10 1995: 13 13 1993
Claims per year since 1993. Years with fewer than five claims are not shown.

Most claims in one year

1995: 13 claims

$45,000 paid.

2nd most

1993: 10 claims

$165,000 paid.

Claims by ZIP code

Flood insurance claims by ZIP code
6504623$196,000

Flood events since 1996

  • Flash Flood28
  • Flood7
  • Heavy Rain2

This product uses the Federal Emergency Management Agency's OpenFEMA API, but is not endorsed by FEMA. The Federal Government or FEMA cannot vouch for the data or analyses derived from these data after the data have been retrieved from the Agency's website(s).

OpenFEMA NFIP Redacted Claims v3, refreshed August 4, 2026. NOAA Storm Events through 2026.

Drought

In severe drought or worse for 133 of 1,581 months since 1895 (8%); the longest spell lasted 18 months.

133

Months in severe drought or worse since 1895

57

Months in extreme drought

8%

Share of all months, severe or worse

7

Drought reports to the Weather Service since 1996

Lowest reading

March 1954

−6.82, extreme drought

Longest severe spell

18 months

August 1953 to January 1955.

Latest month

September 2026

+1.35, slightly wet

Last severe month: March 2026.

Months in severe drought or worse, by year 1895: 0 1896: 0 1897: 0 1898: 0 1899: 0 1900: 0 1901: 6 1902: 5 1903: 0 1904: 0 1905: 0 1906: 0 1907: 0 1908: 0 1909: 0 1910: 0 1911: 1 1912: 0 1913: 0 1914: 1 1915: 0 1916: 0 1917: 4 1918: 12 12 1919: 2 1920: 0 1921: 0 1922: 0 1923: 0 1924: 0 1925: 0 1926: 0 1927: 0 1928: 0 1929: 0 1930: 1 1931: 1 1932: 0 1933: 0 1934: 4 1935: 0 1936: 3 1937: 0 1938: 0 1939: 0 1940: 0 1941: 0 1942: 0 1943: 0 1944: 0 1945: 0 1946: 0 1947: 0 1948: 0 1949: 0 1950: 0 1951: 0 1952: 0 1953: 5 1954: 12 1955: 3 1956: 10 1957: 3 1958: 0 1959: 0 1960: 0 1961: 0 1962: 2 1963: 10 1964: 10 1965: 3 1966: 0 1967: 0 1968: 0 1969: 0 1970: 0 1971: 0 1972: 0 1973: 0 1974: 0 1975: 0 1976: 1 1977: 0 1978: 0 1979: 0 1980: 7 1981: 4 1982: 0 1983: 0 1984: 0 1985: 0 1986: 0 1987: 0 1988: 0 1989: 0 1990: 0 1991: 0 1992: 0 1993: 0 1994: 0 1995: 0 1996: 0 1997: 0 1998: 0 1999: 2 2000: 3 2001: 0 2002: 0 2003: 0 2004: 0 2005: 0 2006: 0 2007: 0 2008: 0 2009: 0 2010: 0 2011: 0 2012: 6 2013: 0 2014: 0 2015: 0 2016: 0 2017: 0 2018: 0 2019: 0 2020: 0 2021: 0 2022: 0 2023: 6 2024: 3 2025: 0 18951905191519251935194519551965197519851995200520152025
Months each year with a Palmer index of −3 or lower, 1895 to 2025. Twelve means the whole year.
  1. The Palmer Drought Severity Index is computed by NOAA each month from the county's average temperature and precipitation, relative to the county's own climate. Zero is normal; -3 or lower is severe drought and -4 or lower extreme drought. It describes the long-term balance of moisture, not water supply or crop losses.

NOAA NCEI nClimDiv county Palmer Drought Severity Index, 1895 to September 2026, issued October 6, 2026.

Earthquakes

5 earthquakes of magnitude 2.5 or more within 50 miles since 1983; none reached magnitude 4.

0

Magnitude 2.5+ inside the county since 1973

3

Magnitude 3+ within 50 miles since 1973

0

Magnitude 4+ within 50 miles since 1900

0

Magnitude 5+ within 50 miles since 1900

Largest within 50 miles

July 31, 2005

Magnitude 3.3

Missouri; 6.4 miles away, 3.1 miles deep.

Most recent, magnitude 3 or more

July 31, 2005

Magnitude 3.3

Missouri; 6.4 miles away.

Earthquakes of magnitude 3 or more within 50 miles, by year 1973: 0 1974: 0 1975: 0 1976: 0 1977: 0 1978: 0 1979: 0 1980: 0 1981: 0 1982: 0 1983: 1 1 1984: 0 1985: 0 1986: 0 1987: 0 1988: 0 1989: 0 1990: 0 1991: 0 1992: 1 1993: 0 1994: 0 1995: 0 1996: 0 1997: 0 1998: 0 1999: 0 2000: 0 2001: 0 2002: 0 2003: 0 2004: 0 2005: 1 2006: 0 2007: 0 2008: 0 2009: 0 2010: 0 2011: 0 2012: 0 2013: 0 2014: 0 2015: 0 2016: 0 2017: 0 2018: 0 2019: 0 2020: 0 2021: 0 2022: 0 2023: 0 2024: 0 2025: 0 19731978198319881993199820032008201320182023
Per year, 1973 to 2025.
  1. Earthquakes of magnitude 2.5 or more in the USGS Comprehensive Catalog since 1900. Within 50 miles means the epicentre lies within 50 miles of the county boundary (or inside the county).
  2. Small earthquakes were under-recorded before the modern seismic networks of the 1970s and are still missed in remote areas, so early decades read low. Magnitudes are as the catalogue reports them and mix scales (moment, local and body-wave).

USGS ANSS Comprehensive Earthquake Catalog, 1900 to present, retrieved October 30, 2026.

Severe weather and other events

373 events in the National Weather Service record, 291 of them since 1996.

52

Hail reports, 1 inch or larger

7

Hail, 2 inches or larger

91

Damaging gusts, 58 mph+

47

Winter weather events since 1996

52

Heat events since 1996

5

Cold events since 1996

Largest hail

May 6, 1971

4.00 inches

Strongest measured or estimated gust

July 8, 2022

81 mph

More event types since 1996

Other Storm Events types since 1996
Lightning100Jun 5, 2005

Costliest events since 1996

  1. Jul 26, 1998Flash Flood$350,000
    National Weather Service narrative

    Rainfall up to 6 inches caused widespread flooding across the area. Besides flooding of small streams and creeks, the Osage, Maries, and Gasconade Rivers all surged over their banks. A construction crane being used to build a new bridge over the Osage River was ripped from its moorings and washed about 2 miles downstream. Countless gravel roads across the area suffered significant wash-out damage.

  2. Jun 5, 2005Lightning$200,000
    National Weather Service narrative

    A lightning strike is believed to have started a fire which destroyed the 103 year old Fortuna United Methodist Church.

  3. Nov 29, 2006Winter Storm, Moniteau$200,000
    National Weather Service narrative

    A major winter storm hit Central, Northeast, East Central and parts of Southeast Missouri from November 30 through Dcember 1. Over a foot of snow fell across parts of Central Missouri while a major ice storm hit parts of East Central and Southeast Missouri, including the St. Louis area. Ice accumulations of 1 inch or more downed trees and power lines resulting in at least 300,000 electric customers losing service for up to a week. Downed limbs and trees damaged homes and automobiles across the area as well. Many rural schools were closed for several days due to slick roads and power outages. The National Guard was called out to several counties to assist with debris removal and…

  4. Apr 27, 2024Tornado$200,000
    National Weather Service narrative

    A tornado touched down along Alexander Road just east of intersection with Hays Road at 10:59 pm (northeast of Tipton, MO) snapping off several power poles. It tracked to the east snapping off several large trees, destroying an unoccupied mobile home, and causing minor roof damage to an outbuilding. Then the tornado veered, tracking to the northeast and causing damage to an open sided outbuilding after crossing over Cross Lane Road. The tornado soon lifted and dissipated just south of Old Twelve Highway. Overall, the tornado was rated EF1 with a path length of 1.70 miles and a max path width of 30 yards. No deaths or injuries were reported.

  5. Jul 8, 2022Thunderstorm Wind$75,000
    National Weather Service narrative

    Thunderstorm winds caused widespread wind damage across Tipton. Numerous trees and tree limbs, as well as power lines were blown down. Some of the fallen trees and tree limbs caused damage to vehicles and houses. Also, four utility poles were blown down.

  6. Jul 4, 2026Thunderstorm Wind$20,000
    National Weather Service narrative

    A severe thunderstorm brought a swath of strong winds across the southern half of Moniteau County. The storm pushed from southwest to northeast, with widespread wind damage to trees and roofs reported particularly near the town of California.

  7. May 6, 2007Thunderstorm Wind$5,000
    National Weather Service narrative

    Storm spotters reported a power pole and several trees down.

  8. May 8, 2007Flood$5,000
    National Weather Service narrative

    The Missouri River flooded the northeast part of Moniteau County from Lupus to Jamestown. Some sandbagging was done in the Lupus area to protect a couple of homes. Otherwise the flooding was limited to farmland in the flood plain and roads close to the river.

  9. Aug 26, 2021Thunderstorm Wind$5,000
    National Weather Service narrative

    Thunderstorm winds blew down a power pole on the south side of town.

  10. Apr 10, 2008Flash Flood$1,000
    National Weather Service narrative

    Very heavy rain, between one and three inches of rain, fell over a short amount of time on already saturated soils. Over a foot of water was reported over Park Avenue in California and 6 inches of water was flowing over U.S. 50 on the west side of Tipton. Several secondary roads had water over them as well.

  1. Storm Events records before 1996 cover only tornadoes, thunderstorm wind and hail. Damage figures are as reported by the National Weather Service at the time, not adjusted for inflation.

NOAA NCEI Storm Events Database, 1950 to 2026, issued October 26, 2026.

Weather records

From California, 2.9 miles from the county’s population centre, with records from 1954.

All-time high
109°F2 times, most recently Jul 31, 1980
All-time low
−21°FDec 23, 1989
Warmest night
84°FJul 10, 1980
Coldest day
−1°F5 times, most recently Jan 15, 2024
Wettest day
7.23 inJul 7, 1993
Snowiest day
12.5 inDec 1, 2006
Hottest year
1987mean 59.0°F
Coldest year
2014mean 52.5°F
Wettest year
199361.37 in
Driest year
196315.80 in
Snowiest season
40.5 in1977-78
Average monthly high and low temperature and precipitation, last 30 years, California 32°F 39° 21° 2.0 Jan 44° 24° 1.9 Feb 56° 35° 3.4 Mar 66° 44° 4.7 Apr 74° 55° 4.9 May 83° 64° 4.8 Jun 87° 68° 4.3 Jul 86° 66° 3.9 Aug 80° 58° 3.3 Sep 68° 46° 3.9 Oct 55° 35° 2.5 Nov 44° 26° 2.1 Dec Precipitation, inches
Average daily high and low by month, and average monthly precipitation, over the last 30 years.
Days reaching 95°F per year 1972: 33 1973: 11 1974: 16 1975: 24 1976: 25 1977: 9 1978: 25 1979: 6 1980: 60 60 1981: 6 1982: 5 1983: 46 1984: 19 1985: 8 1986: 9 1987: 25 1988: 27 1989: 6 1990: 18 1991: 22 1992: 0 1993: 9 1994: 2 1995: 4 1996: 1 1997: 6 1998: 5 1999: 14 2000: 14 2001: 5 2002: 4 2003: 11 2004: 0 2005: 15 2006: 16 2007: 10 2008: 1 2009: 1 2010: 6 2011: 20 2013: 9 2014: 4 2015: 0 2016: 3 2017: 3 2018: 10 2019: 3 2020: 0 2021: 7 19721982199220022013
Days reaching 95°F each complete year, last 50 years. Thirty-year average: 6.3.
Snowfall by winter 1976: 19.5 in 1977: 40.5 in 40.5 1978: 35.0 in 1979: 21.4 in 1980: 5.0 in 1981: 14.6 in 1982: 3.5 in 1983: 16.0 in 1984: 17.0 in 1985: 14.0 in 1987: 23.0 in 1988: 5.0 in 1989: 5.0 in 1990: 10.5 in 1991: 3.5 in 1992: 11.0 in 1993: 2.0 in 1994: 2.7 in 1995: 9.5 in 1996: 14.0 in 1997: 8.5 in 1998: 0.0 in 1999: 12.8 in 2000: 7.6 in 2001: 4.4 in 2002: 22.2 in 2003: 18.6 in 2004: 4.5 in 2005: 3.0 in 2006: 24.2 in 2007: 8.6 in 2008: 2.4 in 2009: 16.3 in 2013: 19.1 in 2014: 8.1 in 2016: 3.5 in 2017: 1.5 in 2018: 17.2 in 2019: 12.0 in 2020: 1.5 in 2021: 15.4 in 2022: 4.8 in 2023: 6.0 in 2024: 12.5 in 2025: 0.5 in 19761987199720072021
Total snowfall each winter (July to June), last 50 winters.

Median first snow

December 13

Earliest: November 3, 1997

Median last snow

February 18

Latest: April 14, 1980

1 of 57 winters had no measurable snow.

Station California (USC00231189), 879 ft elevation, 2.9 miles from the population centre. Daily records from 1954 to October 27, 2026; 93.6% of days in the last 30 years are complete. Records at a single station can differ from a city’s official threaded record, which may combine several stations.

NOAA NCEI Global Historical Climatology Network Daily.

Federal disaster declarations

23 since 1953. The most recent: Severe Storms, Straight-Line Winds, Tornadoes, and Flooding, August 3, 2026.

Federal disaster declarations
Aug 3, 2026Severe StormSevere Storms, Straight-Line Winds, Tornadoes, and FloodingMajor disasterDR-4929-MO
Sep 1, 2021Severe StormSevere Storms, Straight-Line Winds, Tornadoes, and FloodingMajor disasterDR-4612-MO
Mar 26, 2020BiologicalCovid-19 PandemicMajor disasterDR-4490-MO
Mar 13, 2020BiologicalCovid-19EmergencyEM-3482-MO
Jan 2, 2016FloodSevere Storms, Tornadoes, Straight-Line Winds, and FloodingEmergencyEM-3374-MO
Aug 7, 2015Severe StormSevere Storms, Tornadoes, Straight-Line Winds, and FloodingMajor disasterDR-4238-MO
Jun 30, 2011FloodFloodingEmergencyEM-3325-MO
Mar 23, 2011Severe StormSevere Winter Storm and SnowstormMajor disasterDR-1961-MO
Feb 3, 2011Severe StormSevere Winter StormEmergencyEM-3317-MO
Jan 30, 2009Severe Ice StormSevere Winter StormEmergencyEM-3303-MO
Mar 19, 2008Severe StormSevere Storms and FloodingMajor disasterDR-1749-MO
Dec 27, 2007Severe Ice StormSevere Winter StormsMajor disasterDR-1736-MO
Dec 12, 2007Severe Ice StormSevere Winter StormsEmergencyEM-3281-MO
Sep 10, 2005HurricaneHurricane Katrina EvacuationEmergencyEM-3232-MO
May 6, 2003Severe StormSevere Storms, Tornadoes, and FloodingMajor disasterDR-1463-MO
Oct 14, 1998Severe StormSevere Storms, Flooding and TornadoesMajor disasterDR-1253-MO
Jun 2, 1995Severe StormSevere Storms, Tornadoes, Hail, FloodingMajor disasterDR-1054-MO
Jul 9, 1993FloodSevere Storms & FloodingMajor disasterDR-995-MO
May 24, 1990FloodSevere Storms & FloodingMajor disasterDR-867-MO
Oct 14, 1986FloodSevere Storms & FloodingMajor disasterDR-779-MO
Sep 24, 1976DroughtDroughtEmergencyEM-3017-MO
Nov 1, 1973FloodSevere Storms & FloodingMajor disasterDR-407-MO
Apr 19, 1973Severe StormHeavy Rains, Tornadoes & FloodingMajor disasterDR-372-MO

This product uses the Federal Emergency Management Agency's OpenFEMA API, but is not endorsed by FEMA. The Federal Government or FEMA cannot vouch for the data or analyses derived from these data after the data have been retrieved from the Agency's website(s).

OpenFEMA Disaster Declarations Summaries, retrieved October 30, 2026. Statewide declarations are not listed.

How this compares

Where Moniteau County stands among 115 counties in Missouri and 3,143 in the United States.

Ranks
Tornadoes since 19502271 / 1151,455 / 3,143
Tornadoes rated F3/EF3 or stronger0——
Tropical cyclones within 50 mi0——
Hurricane-strength passes within 50 mi0——
Wildfire acres since 198447240 / 1151,443 / 3,143
Flood insurance claims2772 / 1151,936 / 3,143
Flood insurance paid$261,00084 / 1152,029 / 3,143
Disaster declarations2378 / 1151,054 / 3,143
Flood events since 19963785 / 1151,838 / 3,143
Hail and wind events since 1996141102 / 1152,449 / 3,143
Winter storm events since 19964786 / 1152,035 / 3,143
Reported damage since 1996$1.1 million99 / 1152,938 / 3,143
River crests at major flood stage0——
High tide flooding days a year, last 10 years0.0——
Months in severe drought since 189513340 / 1151,379 / 3,143
Medium or heavy smoke days a year, last 10 years22.249 / 115853 / 3,143
Earthquakes M4+ within 50 mi since 19000——
Earthquakes M2.5+ in the county since 19730——

Neighbouring counties

Neighbouring counties
Boone County3400195
Cole County1100416
Cooper County1908489
Miller County320028
Morgan County27057815

Sources and vintage

Every number on this page comes from these public records.

  • Tornadoes NOAA Storm Prediction Center severe weather database, through 2025.
  • Tropical cyclones NOAA National Hurricane Center HURDAT2 (Atlantic; Northeast and Central Pacific), through 2025.
  • Wildfire USGS/USFS Monitoring Trends in Burn Severity, through 2026.
  • Storm events NOAA NCEI Storm Events Database, through 2026.
  • Flood insurance OpenFEMA NFIP Redacted Claims v3, refreshed August 4, 2026.
  • Declarations OpenFEMA Disaster Declarations Summaries v2, retrieved October 30, 2026.
  • Weather records NOAA NCEI Global Historical Climatology Network Daily, station USC00231189.
  • River crests NOAA National Weather Service, National Water Prediction Service river gauges, retrieved October 30, 2026.
  • Drought NOAA NCEI nClimDiv county Palmer Drought Severity Index, through September 2026.
  • Smoke NOAA NESDIS Hazard Mapping System smoke analysis, retrieved October 30, 2026.
  • Earthquakes USGS ANSS Comprehensive Earthquake Catalog (ComCat), retrieved October 30, 2026.

Joins, thresholds and known limits are set out in the methodology. Found an error? Report it. Page built October 30, 2026.