Attala County
Population 17,100 (2025) 735 sq mi
Attala County has recorded 53 tornadoes since 1950, 23rd most of 82 counties in Mississippi; the most recent was on March 30, 2022.
Hazard fingerprint Each spoke is this county’s percentile among U.S. counties where that hazard occurs. How it is computed
- Tornado damage paths since 195053
- Tropical cyclone tracks within 100 miles since 1851, wider where stronger26
- Wildfire burn scars since 19842
At a glance
The record for Attala County in eight numbers. Each links to its section below.
Tornadoes since 1950
53
23rd of 82 in Mississippi
47% more than the typical Mississippi county
DetailsTropical cyclones within 50 mi
13
50th of 82 in Mississippi
None at hurricane strength since 1851
DetailsAcres burned since 1984
1,167
25th of 82 in Mississippi
2 large fires; the largest was Natchez Tr, 2000
DetailsStrongest tornado
EF4
April 24, 2010, 149.0 mile path
Strongest tropical cyclone
TS
Tropical storm Camille, 1969, 5.3 miles away
Tornadoes
About one every 1.4 years since 1950, 12 of them rated F3/EF3 or stronger.
Strongest
April 24, 2010
EF4, 149.0 mile path
3,080 yards wide; 10 killed along the whole path.
Deadliest
November 21, 1992
12 killed, F4
122 injured along the whole path.
Most recent
Wednesday, March 30, 2022
EF2, 10.7 mile path
4 years ago.
Every recorded tornado
| Mar 30, 2022 | EF2 | 10.7 | 0 | 0 |
| Mar 22, 2022 | EF1 | 3.4 | 0 | 0 |
| Mar 22, 2022 | EF1 | 1.5 | 0 | 0 |
| Mar 22, 2022 | EF1 | 14.2 | 0 | 0 |
| May 2, 2021 | EF1 | 7.5 | 0 | 0 |
| Apr 9, 2021 | EF1 | 0.9 | 0 | 0 |
| Apr 12, 2020 | EF1 | 2.5 | 0 | 0 |
| Feb 5, 2020 | EF2 | 5.8 | 0 | 0 |
| Feb 5, 2020 | EF1 | 1.7 | 0 | 0 |
| Feb 5, 2020 | EF2 | 18.7 | 4 | 0 |
| Dec 29, 2019 | EF1 | 7.7 | 0 | 0 |
| Dec 29, 2019 | EF1 | 6.6 | 0 | 0 |
| Dec 29, 2019 | EF1 | 7.3 | 0 | 0 |
| Apr 13, 2019 | EF1 | 0.5 | 0 | 0 |
| Apr 13, 2019 | EF1 | 1.6 | 0 | 0 |
| Mar 28, 2018 | EF1 | 1.9 | 0 | 0 |
| Apr 30, 2017 | EF1 | 3.9 | 0 | 0 |
| Apr 28, 2014 | EF4 | 33.4 | 84 | 10 |
| Apr 27, 2011 | EF1 | 0.5 | 0 | 0 |
| Apr 27, 2011 | EF2 | 23.0 | 0 | 0 |
| Apr 15, 2011 | EF0 | 4.5 | 0 | 0 |
| Apr 15, 2011 | EF2 | 3.7 | 2 | 0 |
| Jan 1, 2011 | EF3 | 23.4 | 2 | 0 |
| Nov 29, 2010 | EF3 | 9.6 | 6 | 0 |
| Apr 24, 2010 | EF4 | 149.0 | 146 | 10 |
| Dec 9, 2008 | EF1 | 2.3 | 0 | 0 |
| Jan 10, 2008 | EF3 | 23.6 | 3 | 0 |
| Jan 10, 2008 | EF3 | 9.7 | 3 | 0 |
| Sep 25, 2005 | F0 | 2.0 | 0 | 0 |
| Dec 7, 2004 | F0 | 4.0 | 0 | 0 |
| Nov 10, 2002 | F2 | 10.0 | 0 | 0 |
| Oct 11, 2001 | F0 | 1.0 | 0 | 0 |
| May 14, 1997 | F1 | 1.5 | 0 | 0 |
| May 2, 1997 | F1 | 3.0 | 0 | 0 |
| Nov 21, 1992 | F4 | 128.0 | 122 | 12 |
| Aug 26, 1992 | F0 | 2.0 | 0 | 0 |
| Nov 26, 1988 | F1 | 2.5 | 0 | 0 |
| Jan 19, 1988 | F4 | 13.0 | 1 | 0 |
| Jan 19, 1988 | F1 | 1.5 | 0 | 0 |
| Nov 16, 1987 | F1 | 2.0 | 0 | 0 |
| Mar 28, 1977 | F1 | 3.3 | 0 | 0 |
| Feb 23, 1977 | F3 | 10.5 | 0 | 0 |
| Jun 5, 1974 | F0 | 0.1 | 0 | 0 |
| Jun 29, 1972 | F1 | 0.5 | 3 | 0 |
| Mar 7, 1972 | F1 | 0.2 | 0 | 0 |
| Sep 16, 1971 | F1 | 0.1 | 0 | 0 |
| Mar 23, 1969 | F1 | 0.1 | 0 | 0 |
| Dec 2, 1967 | F3 | 82.3 | 3 | 0 |
| Jul 26, 1965 | F1 | 0.1 | 0 | 0 |
| Mar 11, 1963 | F4 | 45.2 | 7 | 2 |
| Feb 26, 1958 | F1 | 11.5 | 0 | 0 |
| Jun 3, 1950 | F3 | 2.0 | 1 | 2 |
| Mar 27, 1950 | F2 | 11.9 | 0 | 0 |
- Injuries and deaths are for the tornado’s whole path, which may extend beyond the county. Deaths recorded within Attala County: 2.
- Weak tornadoes were under-recorded before Doppler radar coverage became national in the early 1990s, so earlier decades read low. Ratings use the Fujita scale before February 2007 and the Enhanced Fujita scale after.
Storm Prediction Center severe weather database, 1950 to 2025.
Hurricanes and tropical storms
13 passed within 50 miles since 1851; none at hurricane strength.
Strongest within 50 miles
August 18, 1969
Camille, Tropical storm
5.3 miles at closest approach, winds near 67 mph.
Most recent
October 29, 2020
Zeta, Category 1
91.0 miles at closest approach.
Every storm within 100 miles
| Zeta | 2020 | 91.0 | Category 1 |
| Olga | 2019 | 0.7 | Post-tropical |
| Katrina | 2005 | 18.4 | Tropical storm |
| Frederic | 1979 | 50.3 | Tropical storm |
| Edith | 1971 | 46.7 | Tropical storm |
| Camille | 1969 | 5.3 | Tropical storm |
| Audrey | 1957 | 54.4 | Tropical storm |
| Baker | 1950 | 64.2 | Tropical storm |
| Unnamed | 1934 | 27.7 | Tropical storm |
| Unnamed | 1932 | 27.4 | Tropical storm |
| Unnamed | 1932 | 0.0 | Tropical storm |
| Unnamed | 1923 | 12.0 | Tropical storm |
| Unnamed | 1923 | 68.0 | Tropical storm |
| Unnamed | 1916 | 9.0 | Tropical storm |
| Unnamed | 1915 | 23.0 | Post-tropical |
| Unnamed | 1912 | 47.3 | Tropical storm |
| Unnamed | 1912 | 80.1 | Tropical storm |
| Unnamed | 1909 | 91.0 | Tropical storm |
| Unnamed | 1906 | 0.0 | Tropical storm |
| Unnamed | 1905 | 69.1 | Tropical storm |
| Unnamed | 1893 | 23.4 | Tropical storm |
| Unnamed | 1892 | 90.3 | Tropical storm |
| Unnamed | 1888 | 50.7 | Tropical storm |
| Unnamed | 1881 | 51.1 | Tropical storm |
| Unnamed | 1879 | 7.0 | Tropical storm |
| Unnamed | 1860 | 16.6 | Tropical storm |
| Unnamed | 1860 | 68.9 | Tropical storm |
| Unnamed | 1855 | 52.8 | Tropical storm |
- Tropical storms and hurricanes (34 kt or more, still tropical) at closest approach. Post-tropical remnants with gale-force winds are listed but not counted. Direct: track within 50 miles; near: within 100 miles. Distance is measured to the county boundary for counties and to the city centre for cities, using positions interpolated hourly between HURDAT2 fixes.
National Hurricane Center HURDAT2, 1851 to 2025.
Wildfire and smoke
1,167 acres burned in 2 large fires since 1984, equal to 0.3% of the land.
Largest
August 29, 2000
Natchez Tr Fire, 692 acres
690 acres inside Attala County.
Most recent
February 15, 2022
Attala - Cr 3122 - Vaiden Ms Fire
635 acres in total.
Every large fire
| Attala - Cr 3122 - Vaiden Ms | 2022 | 476 | 635 |
| Natchez Tr | 2000 | 690 | 692 |
- Large fires mapped by the Monitoring Trends in Burn Severity program since 1984: 1,000 acres or more in the West, 500 or more in the East. Prescribed burns are excluded. Acres here are the part of each perimeter inside this place.
Monitoring Trends in Burn Severity (USGS and U.S. Forest Service), 1984 to 2026.
Smoke overhead
Smokiest year
2023: 55 days
Heavy smoke on 4 days in 2023, the most of any year.
Last 10 years
13.2 days a year
Medium or heavy smoke, 2016 to 2025.
2025
8 days
Medium or heavy smoke. 36 so far in 2026.
- A smoke day is a date on which a smoke plume traced by NOAA Hazard Mapping System analysts from satellite imagery covered this place's point (the county's population centre or the city centre). Counts here are of medium or heavy smoke. Since 2018 analysts have often drawn light smoke as one area over most of the continent, so light-smoke counts are not comparable from year to year. The plumes show smoke anywhere in the air above, not air quality at the ground, and smoke hidden by cloud is missed.
NOAA Hazard Mapping System smoke analysis, 2011 to 2026, retrieved October 30, 2026.
Floods and flood insurance
26 federal flood insurance claims since 1979, with $455,000 paid.
Most claims in one year
2001: 10 claims
$175,000 paid.
Claims by ZIP code
| 39090 | 23 | $410,000 |
Flood events since 1996
- Flash Flood29
- Flood1
This product uses the Federal Emergency Management Agency's OpenFEMA API, but is not endorsed by FEMA. The Federal Government or FEMA cannot vouch for the data or analyses derived from these data after the data have been retrieved from the Agency's website(s).
OpenFEMA NFIP Redacted Claims v3, refreshed August 4, 2026. NOAA Storm Events through 2026.
River crests
Most severe crest
April 13, 1979
Yockanookany River near Kosciusko, 23.06 ft
8.06 feet above the 15.0 ft flood stage; major flooding by today’s categories.
Most recent moderate or major crest
April 13, 1979
Yockanookany River near Kosciusko, 23.06 ft
Major flooding.
River gauges
| Yockanookany River near Kosciusko | 15.0 | 23.06 ft | 1 |
- Crests are the highest and the recent crests the National Weather Service lists for each river gauge in the county that has a flood stage, not every flood. Flood categories use each gauge's current flood stages; crests from before levees, dams or channel changes may not be comparable. Crests measured on an old datum are left out of the rankings.
NOAA National Water Prediction Service gauge records, retrieved October 30, 2026.
Drought
In severe drought or worse for 117 of 1,581 months since 1895 (7%); the longest spell lasted 12 months.
117
Months in severe drought or worse since 1895
21
Months in extreme drought
7%
Share of all months, severe or worse
17
Drought reports to the Weather Service since 1996
Lowest reading
September 1925
−5.43, extreme drought
Longest severe spell
12 months
March 1963 to February 1964.
Latest month
September 2026
−2.35, moderate drought
Last severe month: April 2026.
- The Palmer Drought Severity Index is computed by NOAA each month from the county's average temperature and precipitation, relative to the county's own climate. Zero is normal; -3 or lower is severe drought and -4 or lower extreme drought. It describes the long-term balance of moisture, not water supply or crop losses.
NOAA NCEI nClimDiv county Palmer Drought Severity Index, 1895 to September 2026, issued October 6, 2026.
Earthquakes
1 earthquake of magnitude 4 or more within 50 miles since 1900; the largest was magnitude 4.6 in 1931.
0
Magnitude 2.5+ inside the county since 1973
3
Magnitude 3+ within 50 miles since 1973
1
Magnitude 4+ within 50 miles since 1900
0
Magnitude 5+ within 50 miles since 1900
Largest within 50 miles
December 16, 1931
Magnitude 4.6
South of Charleston, Mississippi; 42.3 miles away.
Most recent, magnitude 3 or more
June 29, 2015
Magnitude 3.2
6 km SSW of Canton, Mississippi; 23.0 miles away.
Every earthquake of magnitude 4 or more within 50 miles
| Dec 16, 1931 | 4.6 | 42.3 |
- Earthquakes of magnitude 2.5 or more in the USGS Comprehensive Catalog since 1900. Within 50 miles means the epicentre lies within 50 miles of the county boundary (or inside the county).
- Small earthquakes were under-recorded before the modern seismic networks of the 1970s and are still missed in remote areas, so early decades read low. Magnitudes are as the catalogue reports them and mix scales (moment, local and body-wave).
USGS ANSS Comprehensive Earthquake Catalog, 1900 to present, retrieved October 30, 2026.
Severe weather and other events
516 events in the National Weather Service record, 444 of them since 1996.
77
Hail reports, 1 inch or larger
7
Hail, 2 inches or larger
166
Damaging gusts, 58 mph+
24
Winter weather events since 1996
5
Heat events since 1996
2
Cold events since 1996
Largest hail
May 15, 1995
4.00 inches
Strongest measured or estimated gust
January 10, 2008
90 mph
More event types since 1996
| Lightning | 1 | 0 |
Costliest events since 1996
- Apr 24, 2010Tornado$60.0 million
National Weather Service narrative
The tornado then moved into western Attala County from just east of Durant in Holmes County. The tornado re-intensified somewhat and began causing significant tree damage in rural western Attala County. The tornado continued across Attala County, causing tree and power line damage,and heavily damaging a number of rural residences, including in the community of Hesterville. The tornado continued to the northeast and crossed the Natchez Trace Parkway. Here numerous trees were damaged and thrown across the Parkway. The maximum intensity in Attala County was EF2 with maximum winds around 130 mph.
- Aug 29, 2005Hurricane (Typhoon), Attala$50.0 million
National Weather Service narrative
Hurricane Katrina will likely go down as the worst and costliest natural disaster in United States history. The amount of destruction, the cost of damaged property/agriculture and the large loss of life across the affected region has been overwhelming. Catastrophic damage was widespread across a large portion of the Gulf Coast region. The devastation was not only confined to the coastal region, widespread and significant damage occurred well inland up to the Hattiesburg area and northward past Interstate 20. This hurricane has changed life as we know it across the Gulf Coast region which will take many years to return to normal.Hurricane Katrina was a very large and powerful storm…
- Jan 1, 2011Tornado$3.0 million
National Weather Service narrative
The tornado began in the vicinity of State Highway 12, east southeast of Durant. The tornado moved roughly east-northeast, initially producing damage of EF1 intensity to trees, and damaging the roof of at least one home. As the tornado approached State Highway 19, it intensified and began causing extensive tree damage, snapping and uprooting hundreds of trees. After crossing Highway 19, it caused extensive damage to a church conference center, heavily damaging the roof of the main church building and causing major damage to several camp buildings. In this area, the tornado also caused significant roof damage to several homes and destroyed a number of outbuildings. From here, the…
- Feb 16, 2001Thunderstorm Wind$1.2 million
National Weather Service narrative
A major derecho storm caused significant damage across much of the northern half of the county. Serious wind damage was reported from Possumneck to Hesterville to north of Kosciusko to Ethel to McCool. Damage in the county included three houses and three mobile homes destroyed, 30 houses and 12 mobile homes sustained major damage, and 101 houses and six mobile homes sustained minor damage. At least 20 farm structures received major damage. Several schools, businesses, and farm buildings received minor damage. Thousands of trees were blown down along a 15-mile stretch of the Natchez Trace in the northeastern part of the county. Many trees blocked the Natchez Trace and other roads…
- Apr 4, 2001Flash Flood$1.1 million
National Weather Service narrative
A significant flash flooding event occurred due to the training of thunderstorms with heavy rain across most of the county during much of the day. The first reports of street flooding occurred at 1610 CST as several roads in the city of Kosciusko were becoming impassable. The flooding continued throughout the evening hours across much of the county as the heavy rains continued. The damage totals due to flooding in the county included major damage to 60 houses, 15 mobile homes, 15 businesses, 225 public roads, and 7 bridges. Minor damage occurred to 40 houses, 10 mobile homes, 16 businesses, 105 public roads, and 6 bridges. A total of 57 culverts had to be replaced on roads across…
- Jan 10, 2008Tornado$1.0 million
National Weather Service narrative
The tornado started, just west of Ethel, with a path of tree damage which intensified shortly after the beginning point. In some areas nearly every tree was snapped off or uprooted. The tornado reached its widest point as it crossed the Natchez Trace Parkway, where dozens of trees were snapped and uprooted. The tornado caused significant structural damage to several buildings just to the southwest of McCool. One cinder block constructed building sustained nearly total destruction from a combination of a very large hardwood tree falling on it, along with other wind damage. A room addition to the back of a frame home was removed. After the tornado passed McCool, it narrowed and…
- Nov 29, 2010Tornado$900,000
National Weather Service narrative
The initial damage where the tornado developed was limited to some minor tree damage along Buddy Odom Road. The tornado tracked north northeast and rapidly became strong, with EF2 and low end EF3 damage occurring along the rest of the path. The tornado affected Shiloh and Buddy Odom Roads as well as State Highway 429 in Leake County; and County Roads 4022, 4033, 4126, 4045, 4171, 4142 and State Highway 14 in Attala County. Several mobile homes, including at least two double wides, were completely destroyed at several locations along the path, with debris carried well away from the remains. Impressive tree damage occurred at numerous locations along the path, including a couple of…
- Apr 27, 2011Tornado$550,000
National Weather Service narrative
The tornado started southwest of Sallis near County Road 4106 where a large tree was uprooted and a few small trees were snapped. Two power poles were also snapped. The tornado continued north-northeast to County Highway 4110 where a couple of trees were snapped along with a few power poles. The tornado was rated an EF-2 at this point. The tornado continued north-northeast and a home was pushed off its blocks off of Highway 19. Tin was completely torn off a roof at a church camp off of County Highway 4227. Several power poles were snapped along with hundreds of trees snapped and uprooted. The tornado was rated an EF-2 at this point as well. A mobile home and a shed was destroyed…
- Jun 14, 2023Thunderstorm Wind$500,000
National Weather Service narrative
High downburst winds from a supercell thunderstorm caused a swath of damage to trees and power lines with estimated speeds of 80 to 90 mph focused across central portions of Attala County. Numerous trees were blown down in the Kosciusko area and on MS Highway 35 north and south of the city. A tree fell onto a vehicle southwest of the city along MS Highway 14.
- Apr 6, 2005Flash Flood$400,000
National Weather Service narrative
Several rounds of thunderstorms produced locally heavy rainfall across portions of Attala county. Around the Sallis Community, a few roads were washed out and water was rising over a local bridge.
- Storm Events records before 1996 cover only tornadoes, thunderstorm wind and hail. Damage figures are as reported by the National Weather Service at the time, not adjusted for inflation.
NOAA NCEI Storm Events Database, 1950 to 2026, issued October 26, 2026.
Weather records
From Winona 5 E, 29 miles from the county’s population centre, with records from 1953.
- All-time high
- 105°FAug 31, 2000
- All-time low
- −9°FJan 30, 1966
- Warmest night
- 79°FJul 5, 2024
- Coldest day
- 8°FJan 21, 1985
- Wettest day
- 9.07 inMar 16, 1973
- Snowiest day
- 9.0 in2 times, most recently Mar 23, 1968
- Hottest year
- 1953mean 65.6°F
- Coldest year
- 1968mean 58.3°F
- Wettest year
- 198379.95 in
- Driest year
- 195435.91 in
- Snowiest season
- 9.0 in1959-60
Median first snow
January 17
Earliest: December 5, 2009
Median last snow
February 5
Latest: March 13, 1993
37 of 63 winters had no measurable snow.
Station Winona 5 E (USC00229743), 392 ft elevation, 29.0 miles from the population centre. Daily records from 1953 to December 11, 2025; 92.7% of days in the last 30 years are complete. Records at a single station can differ from a city’s official threaded record, which may combine several stations.
NOAA NCEI Global Historical Climatology Network Daily.
Federal disaster declarations
23 since 1953. The most recent: Severe Winter Storm, February 6, 2026.
| Feb 6, 2026 | Winter Storm | DR-4899-MS |
| Jan 24, 2026 | Winter Storm | EM-3640-MS |
| Aug 12, 2023 | Severe Storm | DR-4727-MS |
| Oct 22, 2021 | Hurricane | DR-4626-MS |
| Aug 28, 2021 | Hurricane | EM-3569-MS |
| May 4, 2021 | Severe Ice Storm | DR-4598-MS |
| Apr 23, 2020 | Severe Storm | DR-4538-MS |
| Apr 5, 2020 | Biological | DR-4528-MS |
| Mar 13, 2020 | Biological | EM-3474-MS |
| Aug 29, 2012 | Hurricane | DR-4081-MS |
| Aug 28, 2012 | Hurricane | EM-3348-MS |
| Apr 29, 2011 | Severe Storm | DR-1972-MS |
| Apr 29, 2010 | Severe Storm | DR-1906-MS |
| Aug 30, 2008 | Hurricane | EM-3291-MS |
| Aug 29, 2005 | Hurricane | DR-1604-MS |
| Jul 10, 2005 | Hurricane | DR-1594-MS |
| Apr 24, 2003 | Severe Storm | DR-1459-MS |
| Apr 17, 2001 | Severe Storm | DR-1365-MS |
| Feb 23, 2001 | Severe Storm | DR-1360-MS |
| Jan 25, 1999 | Severe Ice Storm | DR-1265-MS |
| Nov 25, 1992 | Tornado | DR-968-MS |
| Apr 16, 1979 | Severe Storm | DR-577-MS |
| Feb 22, 1977 | Snowstorm | EM-3032-MS |
This product uses the Federal Emergency Management Agency's OpenFEMA API, but is not endorsed by FEMA. The Federal Government or FEMA cannot vouch for the data or analyses derived from these data after the data have been retrieved from the Agency's website(s).
OpenFEMA Disaster Declarations Summaries, retrieved October 30, 2026. Statewide declarations are not listed.
How this compares
Where Attala County stands among 82 counties in Mississippi and 3,143 in the United States.
| Tornadoes since 1950 | 53 | 23 / 82 |
| Tornadoes rated F3/EF3 or stronger | 12 | 1 / 82 |
| Tropical cyclones within 50 mi | 13 | 50 / 82 |
| Hurricane-strength passes within 50 mi | 0 | — |
| Wildfire acres since 1984 | 1,167 | 25 / 82 |
| Flood insurance claims | 26 | 60 / 82 |
| Flood insurance paid | $455,000 | 58 / 82 |
| Disaster declarations | 23 | 54 / 82 |
| Flood events since 1996 | 30 | 51 / 82 |
| Hail and wind events since 1996 | 324 | 25 / 82 |
| Winter storm events since 1996 | 24 | 32 / 82 |
| Reported damage since 1996 | $127 million | 33 / 82 |
| River crests at major flood stage | 1 | 28 / 82 |
| High tide flooding days a year, last 10 years | 0.0 | — |
| Months in severe drought since 1895 | 117 | 18 / 82 |
| Medium or heavy smoke days a year, last 10 years | 13.2 | 26 / 82 |
| Earthquakes M4+ within 50 mi since 1900 | 1 | 16 / 82 |
| Earthquakes M2.5+ in the county since 1973 | 0 | — |
Neighbouring counties
| Carroll County | 28 | 14 |
| Choctaw County | 24 | 16 |
| Holmes County | 52 | 14 |
| Leake County | 75 | 16 |
| Madison County | 77 | 15 |
| Montgomery County | 26 | 14 |
| Neshoba County | 65 | 16 |
| Winston County | 37 | 16 |
| Yazoo County | 68 | 13 |
Sources and vintage
Every number on this page comes from these public records.
- Tornadoes NOAA Storm Prediction Center severe weather database, through 2025.
- Tropical cyclones NOAA National Hurricane Center HURDAT2 (Atlantic; Northeast and Central Pacific), through 2025.
- Wildfire USGS/USFS Monitoring Trends in Burn Severity, through 2026.
- Storm events NOAA NCEI Storm Events Database, through 2026.
- Flood insurance OpenFEMA NFIP Redacted Claims v3, refreshed August 4, 2026.
- Declarations OpenFEMA Disaster Declarations Summaries v2, retrieved October 30, 2026.
- Weather records NOAA NCEI Global Historical Climatology Network Daily, station USC00229743.
- River crests NOAA National Weather Service, National Water Prediction Service river gauges, retrieved October 30, 2026.
- Drought NOAA NCEI nClimDiv county Palmer Drought Severity Index, through September 2026.
- Smoke NOAA NESDIS Hazard Mapping System smoke analysis, retrieved October 30, 2026.
- Earthquakes USGS ANSS Comprehensive Earthquake Catalog (ComCat), retrieved October 30, 2026.
Joins, thresholds and known limits are set out in the methodology. Found an error? Report it. Page built October 30, 2026.