Fall River County
Population 7,467 (2025) 1,740 sq mi
Large wildfires have burned 122,151 acres of Fall River County since 1984, 3rd most of 66 counties in South Dakota; the largest was the Flint Hills Fire in 1985.
Hazard fingerprint Each spoke is this county’s percentile among U.S. counties where that hazard occurs. How it is computed
- Tornado damage paths since 195033
- Wildfire burn scars since 198421
At a glance
The record for Fall River County in eight numbers. Each links to its section below.
Acres burned since 1984
122,151
3rd of 66 in South Dakota
21 large fires; the largest was Flint Hills, 1985
DetailsTornadoes since 1950
33
23rd of 66 in South Dakota
About as many as the typical South Dakota county
DetailsStrongest tornado
F2
June 19, 1983, 22.0 mile path
Snowiest season
72.5in
Winter of 2022-23
Tornadoes
About one every 2.3 years since 1950, none rated F3/EF3 or stronger.
Strongest
June 19, 1983
F2, 22.0 mile path
40 yards wide.
Most recent
Saturday, August 26, 2017
EF0, 0.7 mile path
9 years ago.
Every recorded tornado
| Aug 26, 2017 | EF0 | 0.7 | 0 | 0 |
| Jun 22, 2012 | EF2 | 16.7 | 0 | 0 |
| Jun 17, 2008 | EF0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0 |
| Jun 7, 2005 | F1 | 0.6 | 0 | 0 |
| Sep 14, 2004 | F0 | 0.1 | 0 | 0 |
| Jun 12, 2001 | F0 | 5.0 | 0 | 0 |
| Jun 12, 2001 | F0 | 5.0 | 0 | 0 |
| Jun 12, 2001 | F0 | 2.0 | 0 | 0 |
| Jul 1, 1998 | F1 | 0.1 | 1 | 0 |
| Jun 24, 1998 | F1 | 0.3 | 1 | 0 |
| May 20, 1998 | F0 | 5.0 | 0 | 0 |
| Jun 15, 1997 | F0 | 0.1 | 0 | 0 |
| Jul 9, 1995 | F0 | 0.1 | 0 | 0 |
| Jul 26, 1993 | F0 | 0.1 | 0 | 0 |
| Jul 2, 1993 | F0 | 1.0 | 0 | 0 |
| Jul 2, 1993 | F0 | 2.0 | 0 | 0 |
| Jul 9, 1992 | F0 | 0.3 | 0 | 0 |
| May 11, 1991 | F0 | 0.7 | 0 | 0 |
| May 11, 1991 | F1 | 1.0 | 0 | 0 |
| May 11, 1991 | F0 | 0.5 | 0 | 0 |
| Aug 17, 1983 | F2 | 0.2 | 0 | 0 |
| Jun 20, 1983 | F0 | 5.0 | 0 | 0 |
| Jun 19, 1983 | F2 | 22.0 | 0 | 0 |
| Jun 16, 1983 | F0 | 0.1 | 0 | 0 |
| Aug 23, 1982 | F0 | 0.1 | 0 | 0 |
| Jun 17, 1982 | F0 | 0.1 | 0 | 0 |
| Jun 5, 1982 | F2 | 7.0 | 1 | 0 |
| Jul 10, 1980 | F0 | 0.1 | 0 | 0 |
| Jul 8, 1979 | F1 | 0.1 | 0 | 0 |
| May 4, 1978 | F1 | 0.2 | 0 | 0 |
| Jul 14, 1969 | F2 | 0.1 | 0 | 0 |
| Jul 10, 1969 | F0 | 0.1 | 0 | 0 |
| Jun 7, 1967 | F0 | 0.1 | 0 | 0 |
- Injuries and deaths are for the tornado’s whole path, which may extend beyond the county. Deaths recorded within Fall River County: 0.
- Weak tornadoes were under-recorded before Doppler radar coverage became national in the early 1990s, so earlier decades read low. Ratings use the Fujita scale before February 2007 and the Enhanced Fujita scale after.
Storm Prediction Center severe weather database, 1950 to 2025.
Hurricanes and tropical storms
No tropical storm or hurricane has tracked within 100 miles since records began in 1851.
Wildfire and smoke
122,151 acres burned in 21 large fires since 1984, equal to 11% of the land.
Largest
July 12, 1985
Flint Hills Fire, 21,055 acres
21,062 acres inside Fall River County.
Most recent
July 27, 2016
Freeman Fire
19,119 acres in total.
Every large fire
| Freeman | 2016 | 1,677 | 19,119 |
| Indian Canyon | 2016 | 13,791 | 13,784 |
| Mossagate | 2012 | 2,754 | 4,866 |
| White Draw | 2012 | 9,297 | 9,293 |
| Hay Canyon | 2012 | 10,049 | 17,808 |
| Coal Canyon | 2011 | 5,332 | 5,333 |
| Alabaugh | 2007 | 10,649 | 10,642 |
| Hay Creek | 2007 | 1,981 | 1,982 |
| Rumford | 2005 | 1,392 | 1,389 |
| Cottonwood Creek | 2003 | 1,676 | 1,677 |
| West Hell Canyon | 2001 | 11,085 | 11,083 |
| Flagpole Mountain | 2000 | 7,703 | 7,697 |
| Hay Bale | 1996 | 1,710 | 1,712 |
| Gravel Pit | 1996 | 1,880 | 1,882 |
| Indian Canyon | 1995 | 1,693 | 1,692 |
| Unnamed | 1988 | 1,986 | 1,984 |
| Coffee | 1987 | 5,244 | 5,240 |
| Unnamed | 1987 | 822 | 1,903 |
| Battle Mtn | 1987 | 1,892 | 2,477 |
| Seven Sisters | 1985 | 8,465 | 8,461 |
| Flint Hills | 1985 | 21,062 | 21,055 |
- Large fires mapped by the Monitoring Trends in Burn Severity program since 1984: 1,000 acres or more in the West, 500 or more in the East. Prescribed burns are excluded. Acres here are the part of each perimeter inside this place.
Monitoring Trends in Burn Severity (USGS and U.S. Forest Service), 1984 to 2026.
Smoke overhead
Smokiest year
2021: 68 days
Heavy smoke on 36 days in 2021, the most of any year.
Last 10 years
28.0 days a year
Medium or heavy smoke, 2016 to 2025.
2025
26 days
Medium or heavy smoke. 29 so far in 2026.
- A smoke day is a date on which a smoke plume traced by NOAA Hazard Mapping System analysts from satellite imagery covered this place's point (the county's population centre or the city centre). Counts here are of medium or heavy smoke. Since 2018 analysts have often drawn light smoke as one area over most of the continent, so light-smoke counts are not comparable from year to year. The plumes show smoke anywhere in the air above, not air quality at the ground, and smoke hidden by cloud is missed.
NOAA Hazard Mapping System smoke analysis, 2011 to 2026, retrieved October 30, 2026.
Floods and flood insurance
1 federal flood insurance claims since 1988, with $25 paid.
Flood events since 1996
- Flash Flood16
- Flood12
- Heavy Rain3
This product uses the Federal Emergency Management Agency's OpenFEMA API, but is not endorsed by FEMA. The Federal Government or FEMA cannot vouch for the data or analyses derived from these data after the data have been retrieved from the Agency's website(s).
OpenFEMA NFIP Redacted Claims v3, refreshed August 4, 2026. NOAA Storm Events through 2026.
River crests
Most severe crest
June 20, 1947
Fall River (SD) at Hot Springs, 11.12 ft
6.62 feet above the 4.5 ft flood stage; major flooding by today’s categories.
Most recent moderate or major crest
June 6, 2015
Hat Creek near Edgemont, 21.19 ft
Moderate flooding.
River gauges
| Beaver Creek (SD) near Buffalo Gap | 7.5 | 8.38 ft | 0 |
| Beaver Creek near Burdock | 3,557.0 | — | 0 |
| Cheyenne River above Angostura at Hwy 71 | 3,207.0 | — | 0 |
| Cheyenne River at Edgemont | 9.0 | 14.00 ft | 3 |
| Cold Brook Creek near Hot Springs | 45.0 | 48.39 ft | 0 |
| Fall River (SD) at Hot Springs | 4.5 | 11.12 ft | 2 |
| Hat Creek near Edgemont | 16.0 | 21.19 ft | 0 |
| Horsehead Creek at Oelrichs | 16.0 | 16.31 ft | 0 |
- Crests are the highest and the recent crests the National Weather Service lists for each river gauge in the county that has a flood stage, not every flood. Flood categories use each gauge's current flood stages; crests from before levees, dams or channel changes may not be comparable. Crests measured on an old datum are left out of the rankings.
NOAA National Water Prediction Service gauge records, retrieved October 30, 2026.
Drought
In severe drought or worse for 133 of 1,581 months since 1895 (8%); the longest spell lasted 19 months.
133
Months in severe drought or worse since 1895
43
Months in extreme drought
8%
Share of all months, severe or worse
Lowest reading
August 2026
−6.87, extreme drought
Longest severe spell
19 months
March 2025 to September 2026.
Latest month
September 2026
−5.78, extreme drought
- The Palmer Drought Severity Index is computed by NOAA each month from the county's average temperature and precipitation, relative to the county's own climate. Zero is normal; -3 or lower is severe drought and -4 or lower extreme drought. It describes the long-term balance of moisture, not water supply or crop losses.
NOAA NCEI nClimDiv county Palmer Drought Severity Index, 1895 to September 2026, issued October 6, 2026.
Earthquakes
3 earthquakes of magnitude 4 or more within 50 miles since 1900; the largest was magnitude 4.3 in 1934.
6
Magnitude 2.5+ inside the county since 1973
18
Magnitude 3+ within 50 miles since 1973
3
Magnitude 4+ within 50 miles since 1900
0
Magnitude 5+ within 50 miles since 1900
Largest within 50 miles
July 30, 1934
Magnitude 4.3
14 km S of Chadron, Nebraska; 20.8 miles away.
Most recent, magnitude 3 or more
March 8, 2025
Magnitude 3.6
7 km W of Fairburn, South Dakota; 20.3 miles away.
Every earthquake of magnitude 4 or more within 50 miles
| Nov 13, 2011 | 4.0 | Inside |
| Jan 27, 1990 | 4.0 | 27.4 |
| Jul 30, 1934 | 4.3 | 20.8 |
- Earthquakes of magnitude 2.5 or more in the USGS Comprehensive Catalog since 1900. Within 50 miles means the epicentre lies within 50 miles of the county boundary (or inside the county).
- Small earthquakes were under-recorded before the modern seismic networks of the 1970s and are still missed in remote areas, so early decades read low. Magnitudes are as the catalogue reports them and mix scales (moment, local and body-wave).
USGS ANSS Comprehensive Earthquake Catalog, 1900 to present, retrieved October 30, 2026.
Severe weather and other events
993 events in the National Weather Service record, 908 of them since 1996.
288
Hail reports, 1 inch or larger
50
Hail, 2 inches or larger
235
Damaging gusts, 58 mph+
205
Winter weather events since 1996
2
Heat events since 1996
17
Cold events since 1996
Largest hail
June 12, 2001
4.50 inches
Strongest measured or estimated gust
May 5, 1964
92 mph
More event types since 1996
| Lightning | 1 | 0 |
Costliest events since 1996
- Jul 29, 2010Thunderstorm Wind$1.5 million
National Weather Service narrative
Strong winds damaged fences, signs, and buildings in Hot Springs and blew down trees and power poles. Buildings and automobiles were damaged by fallen trees. A mobile home was lifted off the ground and destroyed. A large portion of Hot Springs lost power for several hours.
- Jun 19, 2010Hail$1.0 million
National Weather Service narrative
Two inch diameter hail caused extensive damage to automobiles and some buildings in Hot Springs.
- Jun 22, 2012Tornado$500,000
National Weather Service narrative
A tornado touched down just west of the Edgemont Road. It moved eastward and caused damage at a ranch just east of Highway 71 north of Ardmore. A large wooden barn was completely destroyed; its walls and roof were blown more than 100 yards away. Two large sheds lost roofs and walls and smaller sheds were blown apart. The modular house sustained minor damage.
- Jun 17, 2014Hail$500,000
National Weather Service narrative
Golf ball size hail was accompanied by 50 mph wind gusts and heavy rain.
- Jun 11, 2013Hail$300,000
National Weather Service narrative
A severe thunderstorm developed just northwest of Hot Springs and moved southeast, producing hail to ping pong ball size and strong winds.
- Aug 28, 2013Hail$250,000
National Weather Service narrative
A severe thunderstorm developed near Hot Springs and merged with another storm over Custer County. Large hail and strong wind gusts were reported from Hot Springs to Fairburn.
- May 22, 2019Flood$200,000
National Weather Service narrative
Runoff from heavy rain caused overland flooding east of Hot Springs and south of Buffalo Gap, with flooding along Hat Creek around Ardmore and Horsehead Creek around Oelrichs. Several county roads west of Oelrichs and a road along Beaver Creek south of Buffalo Gap had to be closed.
- Jun 24, 1998Tornado$166,000
National Weather Service narrative
A roof was blown off a house, and two campers and a boat trailer were damaged. A mobile home was also destroyed with a young man on the porch of the house thrown.
- Jul 1, 1998Tornado$150,000
National Weather Service narrative
HOUSE DESTROYED ON PROPERTY OF EMERGENCY MANAGER; NEARBY HOUSES AND OTHER STRUCTURES HAD ROOF DAMAGE.
- Jun 22, 2012Hail$100,000
National Weather Service narrative
Hail from golfball to softball size fell.
- Storm Events records before 1996 cover only tornadoes, thunderstorm wind and hail. Damage figures are as reported by the National Weather Service at the time, not adjusted for inflation.
NOAA NCEI Storm Events Database, 1950 to 2026, issued October 26, 2026.
Weather records
From Hot Springs, 4 miles from the county’s population centre, with records from 1894.
- All-time high
- 112°F3 times, most recently Jul 10, 1939
- All-time low
- −41°F2 times, most recently Jan 11, 1909
- Warmest night
- 79°FJul 30, 1933
- Coldest day
- −12°FJan 12, 1916
- Wettest day
- 4.31 inApr 19, 2000
- Snowiest day
- 21.0 inApr 4, 2023
- Hottest year
- 1934mean 53.3°F
- Coldest year
- 1899mean 42.0°F
- Wettest year
- 191532.01 in
- Driest year
- 19606.15 in
- Snowiest season
- 72.5 in2022-23
Median first snow
November 7
Earliest: September 6, 1929
Median last snow
April 6
Latest: June 2, 1951
0 of 114 winters had no measurable snow.
Station Hot Springs (USC00394007), 3,560 ft elevation, 4.0 miles from the population centre. Daily records from 1894 to October 22, 2026; 91.5% of days in the last 30 years are complete. Records at a single station can differ from a city’s official threaded record, which may combine several stations.
NOAA NCEI Global Historical Climatology Network Daily.
Federal disaster declarations
16 since 1953. The most recent: Straight-Line Winds, April 7, 2026.
| Apr 7, 2026 | Straight-Line Winds | DR-4903-SD |
| Apr 5, 2020 | Biological | DR-4527-SD |
| Mar 13, 2020 | Biological | EM-3475-SD |
| Sep 23, 2019 | Flood | DR-4463-SD |
| Jun 7, 2019 | Flood | DR-4440-SD |
| Aug 12, 2018 | Fire | FM-5272-SD |
| Feb 1, 2017 | Severe Storm | DR-4298-SD |
| Jul 30, 2015 | Severe Storm | DR-4233-SD |
| Nov 8, 2013 | Severe Storm | DR-4155-SD |
| Sep 23, 2010 | Severe Storm | DR-1938-SD |
| Jul 8, 2007 | Fire | FM-2710-SD |
| Sep 10, 2005 | Coastal Storm | EM-3234-SD |
| Aug 13, 2000 | Fire | FM-2319-SD |
| May 19, 2000 | Severe Storm | DR-1330-SD |
| Apr 7, 1997 | Flood | DR-1173-SD |
| Jan 10, 1997 | Severe Storm | DR-1156-SD |
This product uses the Federal Emergency Management Agency's OpenFEMA API, but is not endorsed by FEMA. The Federal Government or FEMA cannot vouch for the data or analyses derived from these data after the data have been retrieved from the Agency's website(s).
OpenFEMA Disaster Declarations Summaries, retrieved October 30, 2026. Statewide declarations are not listed.
How this compares
Where Fall River County stands among 66 counties in South Dakota and 3,143 in the United States.
| Tornadoes since 1950 | 33 | 23 / 66 |
| Tornadoes rated F3/EF3 or stronger | 0 | — |
| Tropical cyclones within 50 mi | 0 | — |
| Hurricane-strength passes within 50 mi | 0 | — |
| Wildfire acres since 1984 | 122,151 | 3 / 66 |
| Flood insurance claims | 1 | 47 / 66 |
| Flood insurance paid | $25 | 49 / 66 |
| Disaster declarations | 16 | 47 / 66 |
| Flood events since 1996 | 31 | 38 / 66 |
| Hail and wind events since 1996 | 636 | 12 / 66 |
| Winter storm events since 1996 | 205 | 6 / 66 |
| Reported damage since 1996 | $6.5 million | 33 / 66 |
| River crests at major flood stage | 5 | 24 / 66 |
| High tide flooding days a year, last 10 years | 0.0 | — |
| Months in severe drought since 1895 | 133 | 42 / 66 |
| Medium or heavy smoke days a year, last 10 years | 28.0 | 65 / 66 |
| Earthquakes M4+ within 50 mi since 1900 | 3 | 8 / 66 |
| Earthquakes M2.5+ in the county since 1973 | 6 | 1 / 66 |
Neighbouring counties
| Custer County | 14 | 0 |
| Dawes County NE | 39 | 0 |
| Niobrara County WY | 36 | 0 |
| Oglala Lakota County | 2 | 0 |
| Sioux County NE | 29 | 0 |
Sources and vintage
Every number on this page comes from these public records.
- Tornadoes NOAA Storm Prediction Center severe weather database, through 2025.
- Tropical cyclones NOAA National Hurricane Center HURDAT2 (Atlantic; Northeast and Central Pacific), through 2025.
- Wildfire USGS/USFS Monitoring Trends in Burn Severity, through 2026.
- Storm events NOAA NCEI Storm Events Database, through 2026.
- Flood insurance OpenFEMA NFIP Redacted Claims v3, refreshed August 4, 2026.
- Declarations OpenFEMA Disaster Declarations Summaries v2, retrieved October 30, 2026.
- Weather records NOAA NCEI Global Historical Climatology Network Daily, station USC00394007.
- River crests NOAA National Weather Service, National Water Prediction Service river gauges, retrieved October 30, 2026.
- Drought NOAA NCEI nClimDiv county Palmer Drought Severity Index, through September 2026.
- Smoke NOAA NESDIS Hazard Mapping System smoke analysis, retrieved October 30, 2026.
- Earthquakes USGS ANSS Comprehensive Earthquake Catalog (ComCat), retrieved October 30, 2026.
Joins, thresholds and known limits are set out in the methodology. Found an error? Report it. Page built October 30, 2026.