Staunton city

Population 26,801 (2025) 20 sq mi

Property owners in Staunton city have filed 57 federal flood insurance claims since 1978, 66th most of 133 counties in Virginia.

Hazard fingerprint for Staunton city Tornado: 0th percentile. Tropical: 49th percentile. Wildfire: 0th percentile. Flood: 99th percentile. Hail & wind: 99th percentile. Heat: 78th percentile. Cold: 93th percentile. Winter: 89th percentile. TORTROPFIREFLOODSEVEREHEATCOLDWINTER

Hazard fingerprint Each spoke is this county’s percentile among U.S. counties where that hazard occurs. How it is computed

2026
  • Tropical cyclone tracks within 100 miles since 1851, wider where stronger13

At a glance

The record for Staunton city in eight numbers. Each links to its section below.

Flood insurance claims

57

66th of 133 in Virginia

$786,000 paid since 1978

Details

Tropical cyclones within 50 mi

10

91st of 133 in Virginia

1 at hurricane strength since 1851

Details

Strongest tropical cyclone

Cat. 1

Hurricane (unnamed), 1893, 45.4 miles away

Largest earthquake within 50 mi

4.6magnitude

April 9, 1918, 48.7 miles away

Details

Federal disaster declarations

14

Most recent: Severe Winter Storm, 2026

Details

Record high

105°F

Reached 3 times, most recently July 6, 1999

Details

Record low

−25°F

January 14, 1912

Details

Snowiest season

72.5in

Winter of 1917-18

Tornadoes

No tornado is recorded here in the Storm Prediction Center database, which begins in 1950.

Hurricanes and tropical storms

10 passed within 50 miles since 1851; 1 at hurricane strength.

Strongest within 50 miles

October 13, 1893

Unnamed storm, Category 1

45.4 miles at closest approach, winds near 78 mph.

Most recent

October 29, 2020

Zeta, Post-tropical

50.6 miles at closest approach.

Tropical cyclones within 50 miles by decade 50s: 0 60s: 0 70s: 1 80s: 0 90s: 3 3 00s: 0 10s: 1 20s: 0 30s: 0 40s: 1 50s: 2 60s: 0 70s: 1 80s: 0 90s: 0 00s: 1 10s: 0 20s: 0 50s60s70s80s90s00s10s20s30s40s50s60s70s80s90s00s10s20s
Storms within 50 miles, by decade. Records before about 1900 miss storms that never reached land or ships.

Every storm within 100 miles

Tropical cyclones within 100 miles
Zeta202050.6Post-tropical52Category 3
Isabel200318.3Tropical storm60Category 5
David19793.3Tropical storm46Category 5
Diane195522.0Tropical storm51Category 2
Hazel195468.8Post-tropical86Category 4
Able195222.6Tropical storm51Category 2
Unnamed194917.8Tropical storm58Category 4
Unnamed194580.5Post-tropical44Category 4
Unnamed194489.4Tropical storm40Category 1
Unnamed193432.8Post-tropical46Category 2
Unnamed192994.1Post-tropical58Category 4
Unnamed192877.5Post-tropical54Category 5
Unnamed192878.8Post-tropical40Category 2
Unnamed191530.6Tropical storm46Category 1
Unnamed190260.7Post-tropical40Category 2
Unnamed189995.3Tropical storm60Category 2
Unnamed189615.5Tropical storm72Category 3
Unnamed189345.4Category 178Category 3
Unnamed189327.2Tropical storm66Category 3
Unnamed188543.5Post-tropical46Tropical storm
Unnamed187822.8Tropical storm58Category 2
Unnamed187691.0Tropical storm67Category 3
  1. Tropical storms and hurricanes (34 kt or more, still tropical) at closest approach. Post-tropical remnants with gale-force winds are listed but not counted. Direct: track within 50 miles; near: within 100 miles. Distance is measured to the county boundary for counties and to the city centre for cities, using positions interpolated hourly between HURDAT2 fixes.

National Hurricane Center HURDAT2, 1851 to 2025.

Wildfire and smoke

No large wildfire has been mapped here since satellite mapping began in 1984.

Smoke overhead

Smokiest year

2023: 51 days

Heavy smoke on 11 days in 2023, the most of any year.

Last 10 years

12.0 days a year

Medium or heavy smoke, 2016 to 2025.

2025

12 days

Medium or heavy smoke. 30 so far in 2026.

Days with medium or heavy smoke overhead, by year 2011: 0 2012: 4 2013: 0 2014: 2 2015: 6 2016: 0 2017: 1 2018: 2 2019: 3 2020: 7 2021: 23 2022: 11 2023: 51 51 2024: 10 2025: 12 201120122013201420152016201720182019202020212022202320242025
Days each year on which a satellite-traced plume of medium or heavy smoke covered the county’s population centre, 2011 to 2025.
  1. A smoke day is a date on which a smoke plume traced by NOAA Hazard Mapping System analysts from satellite imagery covered this place's point (the county's population centre or the city centre). Counts here are of medium or heavy smoke. Since 2018 analysts have often drawn light smoke as one area over most of the continent, so light-smoke counts are not comparable from year to year. The plumes show smoke anywhere in the air above, not air quality at the ground, and smoke hidden by cloud is missed.

NOAA Hazard Mapping System smoke analysis, 2011 to 2026, retrieved October 30, 2026.

Floods and flood insurance

57 federal flood insurance claims since 1978, with $786,000 paid.

Federal flood insurance claims by year 1996: 15 2003: 18 18 2020: 14 1996
Claims per year since 1978. Years with fewer than five claims are not shown.

Most claims in one year

2003: 18 claims

$241,000 paid.

2nd most

1996: 15 claims

$172,000 paid.

3rd most

2020: 14 claims

$340,000 paid.

Claims by ZIP code

Flood insurance claims by ZIP code
2440154$753,000

Flood events since 1996

  • Flash Flood14
  • Flood12
  • Heavy Rain6

This product uses the Federal Emergency Management Agency's OpenFEMA API, but is not endorsed by FEMA. The Federal Government or FEMA cannot vouch for the data or analyses derived from these data after the data have been retrieved from the Agency's website(s).

OpenFEMA NFIP Redacted Claims v3, refreshed August 4, 2026. NOAA Storm Events through 2026.

Drought

In severe drought or worse for 99 of 1,581 months since 1895 (6%); the longest spell lasted 12 months.

99

Months in severe drought or worse since 1895

43

Months in extreme drought

6%

Share of all months, severe or worse

8

Drought reports to the Weather Service since 1996

Lowest reading

February 1931

−6.29, extreme drought

Longest severe spell

12 months

July 1930 to June 1931.

Latest month

September 2026

−4.28, extreme drought

Months in severe drought or worse, by year 1895: 0 1896: 0 1897: 0 1898: 0 1899: 0 1900: 0 1901: 0 1902: 0 1903: 0 1904: 0 1905: 0 1906: 0 1907: 0 1908: 0 1909: 0 1910: 0 1911: 0 1912: 0 1913: 0 1914: 0 1915: 0 1916: 0 1917: 0 1918: 0 1919: 0 1920: 0 1921: 0 1922: 0 1923: 0 1924: 0 1925: 4 1926: 0 1927: 0 1928: 0 1929: 0 1930: 6 1931: 8 1932: 2 1933: 0 1934: 0 1935: 0 1936: 0 1937: 0 1938: 0 1939: 0 1940: 0 1941: 3 1942: 4 1943: 0 1944: 0 1945: 0 1946: 0 1947: 0 1948: 0 1949: 0 1950: 0 1951: 0 1952: 0 1953: 0 1954: 0 1955: 0 1956: 0 1957: 0 1958: 0 1959: 0 1960: 0 1961: 1 1962: 0 1963: 6 1964: 7 1965: 3 1966: 8 1967: 0 1968: 0 1969: 2 1970: 0 1971: 0 1972: 0 1973: 0 1974: 0 1975: 0 1976: 0 1977: 3 1978: 0 1979: 0 1980: 0 1981: 4 1982: 0 1983: 0 1984: 0 1985: 0 1986: 1 1987: 0 1988: 0 1989: 0 1990: 0 1991: 0 1992: 0 1993: 0 1994: 1 1995: 1 1996: 0 1997: 0 1998: 2 1999: 7 2000: 0 2001: 1 2002: 9 9 2003: 0 2004: 0 2005: 0 2006: 0 2007: 0 2008: 5 2009: 2 2010: 0 2011: 2 2012: 0 2013: 0 2014: 0 2015: 0 2016: 0 2017: 0 2018: 0 2019: 0 2020: 0 2021: 0 2022: 0 2023: 0 2024: 0 2025: 0 18951905191519251935194519551965197519851995200520152025
Months each year with a Palmer index of −3 or lower, 1895 to 2025. Twelve means the whole year.
  1. The Palmer Drought Severity Index is computed by NOAA each month from the county's average temperature and precipitation, relative to the county's own climate. Zero is normal; -3 or lower is severe drought and -4 or lower extreme drought. It describes the long-term balance of moisture, not water supply or crop losses.

NOAA NCEI nClimDiv county Palmer Drought Severity Index, 1895 to September 2026, issued October 6, 2026.

Earthquakes

3 earthquakes of magnitude 4 or more within 50 miles since 1900; the largest was magnitude 4.6 in 1918.

0

Magnitude 2.5+ inside the county since 1973

5

Magnitude 3+ within 50 miles since 1973

3

Magnitude 4+ within 50 miles since 1900

0

Magnitude 5+ within 50 miles since 1900

Largest within 50 miles

April 9, 1918

Magnitude 4.6

6 km NE of Luray, Virginia; 48.7 miles away.

Most recent, magnitude 3 or more

September 22, 2001

Magnitude 3.2

5 km E of Pantops, Virginia; 34.9 miles away.

Earthquakes of magnitude 3 or more within 50 miles, by year 1973: 0 1974: 0 1975: 0 1976: 0 1977: 0 1978: 0 1979: 0 1980: 1 1981: 2 2 1982: 0 1983: 0 1984: 1 1985: 0 1986: 0 1987: 0 1988: 0 1989: 0 1990: 0 1991: 0 1992: 0 1993: 0 1994: 0 1995: 0 1996: 0 1997: 0 1998: 0 1999: 0 2000: 0 2001: 1 2002: 0 2003: 0 2004: 0 2005: 0 2006: 0 2007: 0 2008: 0 2009: 0 2010: 0 2011: 0 2012: 0 2013: 0 2014: 0 2015: 0 2016: 0 2017: 0 2018: 0 2019: 0 2020: 0 2021: 0 2022: 0 2023: 0 2024: 0 2025: 0 19731978198319881993199820032008201320182023
Per year, 1973 to 2025.

Every earthquake of magnitude 4 or more within 50 miles

Earthquakes of magnitude 4 or more within 50 miles
Aug 17, 19844.242.25.35 km WNW of Palmyra, Virginia
Apr 9, 19184.648.7—6 km NE of Luray, Virginia
Feb 11, 19074.049.8—Near Arvonia, Virginia
  1. Earthquakes of magnitude 2.5 or more in the USGS Comprehensive Catalog since 1900. Within 50 miles means the epicentre lies within 50 miles of the county boundary (or inside the county).
  2. Small earthquakes were under-recorded before the modern seismic networks of the 1970s and are still missed in remote areas, so early decades read low. Magnitudes are as the catalogue reports them and mix scales (moment, local and body-wave).

USGS ANSS Comprehensive Earthquake Catalog, 1900 to present, retrieved October 30, 2026.

Severe weather and other events

480 events in the National Weather Service record, 475 of them since 1996.

5

Hail reports, 1 inch or larger

2

Hail, 2 inches or larger

22

Damaging gusts, 58 mph+

204

Winter weather events since 1996

30

Heat events since 1996

63

Cold events since 1996

Largest hail

August 7, 2023

2.50 inches

Strongest measured or estimated gust

July 6, 2022

98 mph

More event types since 1996

Other Storm Events types since 1996
Lightning100Jul 2, 1998
Dense fog and smoke7100May 17, 2021

Costliest events since 1996

  1. Sep 6, 1996Flood, Augusta$4.2 million
    National Weather Service narrative

    The rapid runoff produced by the heavy rains from Fran caused substantial, damaging, and in some cases record river flooding across much of the northern Virginia watershed from late on the 6th until early on the 10th. Flash flooding on the 6th rapidly became river flooding late on the 6th along the headwaters of the Potomac, Shenandoah, and Rappahannock River basins, and continued throughout the basins over the weekend and into early the following week. Crests at gaging points in these basins were similar to those in January 1996 across the Lower Main Stem of the Potomac. Levels were 1 to 5 feet higher across the Upper Main Stem Potomac and Rappahannock Rivers. The Shenandoah…

  2. Jan 19, 1996Flood, Augusta$3.0 million
    National Weather Service narrative

    ***River Flooding***High dewpoint temperatures melted most of the snow on the ground within 12 hours. The snow pack had a liquid equivalent between 2 to 3 inches. Snowmelt, combined with 1 to 3 inches of rain (some locations received nearly 5 inches), caused the worst regional flooding in over 10 years. River flooding began during the flood/flash flood event along the headwaters of all basins and continued downstream through the 22nd. Crests ranged from 3 to 21 feet above flood stage.High water caused millions of dollars in damage, closed roads, destroyed homes and businesses, and forced the evacuation of several towns. Four people were rescued by the National Park Service and…

  3. Feb 14, 2003Winter Storm, Augusta$1.5 million
    National Weather Service narrative

    A complex storm system produced copious amounts of wintery precipitation across the northern third of Virginia between the evening of the 14th and midday on the 18th. The first batch of precipitation fell between the evening of the 14th and the evening of the 15th in the form of light to moderate snow or rain. The second batch of precipitation fell between midnight on the 16th through midday on the 17th in the form of heavy snow or sleet. The third batch of precipitation on the back side of the storm fell between the evening of the 17th and midday on the 18th in the form of scattered snow showers. After the precipitation came to an end, record breaking snow and sleet accumulations…

  4. Sep 18, 2003Flood, Augusta$1.5 million
    National Weather Service narrative

    By 9 pm on September 18, a rain band associated with Isabel had set up over the Shenandoah Valley and showers were training southward into the Blue Ridge Mountains on the east side of Augusta County. The rain gauge located at Upper Sherando had recorded over 6 inches of rain and more was to come. County officials quickly began evacuations of homes downstream. In all 350 people in the South River area would be evacuated and 21 of those ended up being by boat. Water flowed down the Black Creek at 60 mph washing out the bridge and several hundred feet of asphalt along Route 608. Four spillways to dams flooded causing damage but none of them failed. There was $125,000 damage to the…

  5. Aug 8, 2003Flash Flood$1.3 million
    National Weather Service narrative

    Significant flooding was reported in Staunton after a very heavy downpour.

  6. Jul 6, 2022Thunderstorm Wind$1.2 million
    National Weather Service narrative

    Hundreds of trees blew down around the City of Staunton. Although most of the damage was consistent with wind gusts of 60 to 80 mph, there was one spot in the unit block of Morris Mill Road that had significantly more severe damage. In this area, a few hundred yard swath of trees snapped; most were healthy pine trees, and virtually every tree was snapped in half, all laying in the same direction. Elsewhere, a tree blew down onto a car on Devon Road; multiple trees and power lines blew down on Aiken Street; a large tree limb punctured the roof of a home on Garland Drive; several large trees blew down on Selma Boulevard, including a few into a house; several large pine trees snapped…

  7. Sep 18, 2003High Wind, Augusta$700,000
    National Weather Service narrative

    By 9 pm on September 18, a rain band associated with Isabel had set up over the Shenandoah Valley and showers were training southward into the Blue Ridge Mountains on the east side of Augusta County. The rain gauge located at Upper Sherando had recorded over 6 inches of rain and more was to come. County officials quickly began evacuations of homes downstream. In all 350 people in the South River area would be evacuated and 21 of those ended up being by boat. Water flowed down the Black Creek at 60 mph washing out the bridge and several hundred feet of asphalt along Route 608. Four spillways to dams flooded causing damage but none of them failed. There was $125,000 damage to the…

  8. Jan 14, 2006High Wind, Augusta$75,000
    National Weather Service narrative

    Very strong winds developed on the 14th due to a strengthening low pressure system off the Mid Atlantic Coast and a fast moving cold front that passed through the region early in the day. Widespread damages and power outages occurred, with newspaper reports indicating tens of thousands without power for an extended period of time.

  9. Mar 5, 2007Strong Wind, Augusta$70,000
    National Weather Service narrative

    A trailer-mounted manufactured home briefly became airborne on Interstate 81 near Weyers Cave, VA., before disintegrating along a hundred-yard stretch of guardrail. Sparks from the impact burned approximately one acre of grass. While emergency workers tended to the blaze, a 1,500 pound bale of hay blew off a farm truck and rolled across the interstate. No damage was caused by the bale of hay.|Trees and power lines were also downed in Mount Sidney and Verona. |According to a Newspaper article, a maple trees fell and crushed a Ford Aerostar Van parked on Sunnyside Street in Staunton, VA.

  10. Jul 27, 2021Thunderstorm Wind$50,000
    National Weather Service narrative

    Numerous trees, branches and wires blew down in the southern part of the City of Staunton, including near Ritchie Boulevard and on US-11 Lee Jackson Highway near VA-262 Woodrow Wilson Parkway. Part of the tin roof of a building blew off in the 100 block of East Hampton Street.

  1. Storm Events records before 1996 cover only tornadoes, thunderstorm wind and hail. Damage figures are as reported by the National Weather Service at the time, not adjusted for inflation.

NOAA NCEI Storm Events Database, 1950 to 2026, issued October 26, 2026.

Weather records

From Dale Enterprise, 21.9 miles from the county’s population centre, with records from 1893.

All-time high
105°F3 times, most recently Jul 6, 1999
All-time low
−25°FJan 14, 1912
Warmest night
76°F2 times, most recently Jul 29, 1941
Coldest day
0°FFeb 10, 1899
Wettest day
5.95 inSep 7, 1996
Snowiest day
24.0 inMar 6, 1962
Hottest year
1921mean 57.0°F
Coldest year
1996mean 50.8°F
Wettest year
199660.72 in
Driest year
193017.33 in
Snowiest season
72.5 in1917-18
Average monthly high and low temperature and precipitation, last 30 years, Dale Enterprise 32°F 42° 22° 2.6 Jan 46° 24° 2.3 Feb 55° 30° 2.6 Mar 66° 39° 3.1 Apr 73° 49° 4.2 May 82° 58° 4.3 Jun 86° 62° 4.1 Jul 84° 60° 4.0 Aug 78° 54° 3.9 Sep 67° 42° 2.4 Oct 56° 32° 2.6 Nov 46° 26° 2.8 Dec Precipitation, inches
Average daily high and low by month, and average monthly precipitation, over the last 30 years.
Nights at or below freezing per year 1976: 124 1977: 112 1978: 128 1979: 113 1980: 116 1981: 122 1982: 115 1983: 84 1984: 96 1985: 98 1986: 110 1987: 123 1988: 121 1989: 119 1990: 91 1991: 96 1992: 96 1993: 110 1994: 123 1995: 136 1996: 128 1997: 136 1998: 115 1999: 122 2000: 133 2001: 137 2002: 129 2003: 122 2004: 111 2005: 125 2006: 120 2007: 119 2008: 118 2009: 119 2010: 138 2011: 126 2012: 114 2013: 133 2014: 140 140 2015: 108 2016: 123 2017: 106 2018: 125 2019: 121 2020: 97 2021: 119 2022: 139 2023: 118 2024: 99 2025: 118 19761986199620062016
Nights at or below freezing each complete year, last 50 years. Thirty-year average: 121.9.
Snowfall by winter 1976: 12.5 in 1977: 36.0 in 1978: 24.5 in 1979: 35.5 in 1980: 4.5 in 1981: 33.6 in 1983: 14.8 in 1984: 6.5 in 1985: 17.7 in 1986: 37.3 in 1987: 12.6 in 1988: 11.4 in 1989: 39.6 in 1990: 18.0 in 1991: 3.4 in 1992: 44.0 in 1993: 41.1 in 1994: 13.2 in 1995: 55.9 in 55.9 1996: 23.3 in 1997: 26.1 in 1998: 25.9 in 1999: 12.6 in 2000: 10.1 in 2001: 10.6 in 2002: 39.8 in 2003: 31.2 in 2004: 14.1 in 2005: 16.1 in 2006: 16.3 in 2007: 11.6 in 2008: 12.2 in 2009: 48.3 in 2010: 13.2 in 2011: 7.5 in 2012: 25.4 in 2013: 46.9 in 2014: 31.2 in 2015: 33.2 in 2016: 3.4 in 2017: 14.8 in 2018: 16.4 in 2019: 3.4 in 2020: 18.9 in 2021: 19.2 in 2022: 1.5 in 2023: 5.4 in 2024: 14.6 in 2025: 10.8 in 19761987199720072017
Total snowfall each winter (July to June), last 50 winters.

Median first snow

December 5

Earliest: October 10, 1979

Median last snow

March 15

Latest: April 30, 1925

0 of 119 winters had no measurable snow.

Station Dale Enterprise (USC00442208), 1,358 ft elevation, 21.9 miles from the population centre. Daily records from 1893 to October 19, 2026; 98.0% of days in the last 30 years are complete. Records at a single station can differ from a city’s official threaded record, which may combine several stations.

NOAA NCEI Global Historical Climatology Network Daily.

Federal disaster declarations

14 since 1953. The most recent: Severe Winter Storm, January 23, 2026.

Federal disaster declarations
Jan 23, 2026Winter StormSevere Winter StormEmergencyEM-3631-VA
Apr 2, 2020BiologicalCovid-19 PandemicMajor disasterDR-4512-VA
Mar 13, 2020BiologicalCovid-19EmergencyEM-3448-VA
Sep 11, 2018HurricaneHurricane FlorenceEmergencyEM-3403-VA
Oct 29, 2012HurricaneHurricane SandyEmergencyEM-3359-VA
Jul 27, 2012Severe StormSevere Storms and Straight-Line WindsMajor disasterDR-4072-VA
Feb 16, 2010SnowstormSevere Winter Storm and SnowstormMajor disasterDR-1874-VA
Sep 12, 2005HurricaneHurricane Katrina EvacuationEmergencyEM-3240-VA
Sep 18, 2003HurricaneHurricane IsabelMajor disasterDR-1491-VA
Sep 6, 1996HurricaneHurricane Fran and Associated Severe Storm CondMajor disasterDR-1135-VA
Jan 13, 1996SnowstormBlizzard of 96 (Severe Snow Storm)Major disasterDR-1086-VA
Jul 1, 1995Severe StormSevere Storms and FloodingMajor disasterDR-1059-VA
Mar 25, 1993SnowstormSevere Winter StormEmergencyEM-3112-VA
Jun 23, 1972FloodTropical Storm AgnesMajor disasterDR-339-VA

This product uses the Federal Emergency Management Agency's OpenFEMA API, but is not endorsed by FEMA. The Federal Government or FEMA cannot vouch for the data or analyses derived from these data after the data have been retrieved from the Agency's website(s).

OpenFEMA Disaster Declarations Summaries, retrieved October 30, 2026. Statewide declarations are not listed.

How this compares

Where Staunton city stands among 133 counties in Virginia and 3,143 in the United States.

Ranks
Tornadoes since 19500——
Tornadoes rated F3/EF3 or stronger0——
Tropical cyclones within 50 mi1091 / 133782 / 3,143
Hurricane-strength passes within 50 mi176 / 133579 / 3,143
Wildfire acres since 19840——
Flood insurance claims5766 / 1331,584 / 3,143
Flood insurance paid$786,00068 / 1331,583 / 3,143
Disaster declarations14123 / 1332,433 / 3,143
Flood events since 199632113 / 1332,017 / 3,143
Hail and wind events since 199667114 / 1332,941 / 3,143
Winter storm events since 199620413 / 133324 / 3,143
Reported damage since 1996$13.9 million45 / 1331,741 / 3,143
River crests at major flood stage0——
High tide flooding days a year, last 10 years0.0——
Months in severe drought since 18959955 / 1332,392 / 3,143
Medium or heavy smoke days a year, last 10 years12.020 / 1332,160 / 3,143
Earthquakes M4+ within 50 mi since 1900350 / 133949 / 3,143
Earthquakes M2.5+ in the county since 19730——

Neighbouring counties

Neighbouring counties
Augusta County131111,292183

Sources and vintage

Every number on this page comes from these public records.

  • Tornadoes NOAA Storm Prediction Center severe weather database, through 2025.
  • Tropical cyclones NOAA National Hurricane Center HURDAT2 (Atlantic; Northeast and Central Pacific), through 2025.
  • Wildfire USGS/USFS Monitoring Trends in Burn Severity, through 2026.
  • Storm events NOAA NCEI Storm Events Database, through 2026.
  • Flood insurance OpenFEMA NFIP Redacted Claims v3, refreshed August 4, 2026.
  • Declarations OpenFEMA Disaster Declarations Summaries v2, retrieved October 30, 2026.
  • Weather records NOAA NCEI Global Historical Climatology Network Daily, station USC00442208.
  • River crests NOAA National Weather Service, National Water Prediction Service river gauges, retrieved October 30, 2026.
  • Drought NOAA NCEI nClimDiv county Palmer Drought Severity Index, through September 2026.
  • Smoke NOAA NESDIS Hazard Mapping System smoke analysis, retrieved October 30, 2026.
  • Earthquakes USGS ANSS Comprehensive Earthquake Catalog (ComCat), retrieved October 30, 2026.

Joins, thresholds and known limits are set out in the methodology. Found an error? Report it. Page built October 30, 2026.