Spencer County

Population 20,061 (2025) 397 sq mi

Property owners in Spencer County have filed 45 federal flood insurance claims since 1978, 58th most of 92 counties in Indiana.

Hazard fingerprint for Spencer County Tornado: 62th percentile. Tropical: 0th percentile. Wildfire: 0th percentile. Flood: 88th percentile. Hail & wind: 74th percentile. Heat: 88th percentile. Cold: 95th percentile. Winter: 78th percentile. TORTROPFIREFLOODSEVEREHEATCOLDWINTER

Hazard fingerprint Each spoke is this county’s percentile among U.S. counties where that hazard occurs. How it is computed

2026
  • Tornado damage paths since 195019
  • Tropical cyclone tracks within 100 miles since 1851, wider where stronger1
  • Major flood years since 19781

At a glance

The record for Spencer County in eight numbers. Each links to its section below.

Flood insurance claims

45

58th of 92 in Indiana

$408,000 paid since 1978

Details

Tornadoes since 1950

19

57th of 92 in Indiana

About as many as the typical Indiana county

Details

Tropical cyclones within 100 mi

1

None within 50 miles since 1851

Details

Strongest tornado

F3

November 6, 2005, 41.3 mile path

Largest earthquake within 50 mi

5.2magnitude

April 18, 2008, 48.3 miles away

Details

Federal disaster declarations

15

Most recent: Severe Winter Storm, 2026

Details

Record high

107°F

July 7, 2012

Details

Record low

−25°F

February 13, 1899

Details

Tornadoes

About one every 4 years since 1950, one of them rated F3/EF3 or stronger.

Strongest

November 6, 2005

F3, 41.3 mile path

500 yards wide; 24 killed along the whole path.

Most recent

Saturday, June 7, 2025

EF0, 0.6 mile path

Within the past year.

Tornadoes by decade Doppler radar era² 1950s: 0 1960s: 0 1970s: 0 1980s: 2 2 1990s: 3 3 2000s: 3 3 2010s: 6 6 2020s: 5 5 1950s1960s1970s1980s1990s2000s2010s2020s
Recorded tornadoes per decade. The 2020s are incomplete.
Tornadoes by month J: 0 F: 0 M: 1 A: 3 M: 3 J: 5 5 J: 1 A: 0 S: 1 O: 1 N: 2 D: 2 JFMAMJJASOND
By month of occurrence, all years.

Every recorded tornado

Tornadoes in Spencer County since 1950
Jun 7, 2025EF00.62500
Apr 5, 2023EF03.02500
Mar 3, 2023EF15.210000
Oct 15, 2021EF11.05000
Jun 8, 2021EF00.11500
Dec 31, 2018EF12.05000
Sep 8, 2018EF00.02500
Nov 18, 2017EF12.430000
Dec 23, 2015EF02.05000
Apr 7, 2015EF13.520000
Jun 26, 2011EF13.520000
Jun 11, 2009EF03.015000
Nov 6, 2005F341.350023824
Jul 29, 2001F00.11000
May 3, 1996F11.07500
Apr 15, 1994F00.12000
Jun 6, 1990F06.05000
May 19, 1989F11.03000
May 31, 1982F00.11000
  1. Injuries and deaths are for the tornado’s whole path, which may extend beyond the county. Deaths recorded within Spencer County: 0.
  2. Weak tornadoes were under-recorded before Doppler radar coverage became national in the early 1990s, so earlier decades read low. Ratings use the Fujita scale before February 2007 and the Enhanced Fujita scale after.

Storm Prediction Center severe weather database, 1950 to 2025.

Hurricanes and tropical storms

1 tropical cyclone passed within 100 miles since 1851, none within 50.

Most recent

September 28, 2024

Helene, Remnant low

0.0 miles at closest approach.

Every storm within 100 miles

Tropical cyclones within 100 miles
Helene20240.0Remnant low43Category 4
Olga201976.8Post-tropical40Tropical storm
Unnamed194198.3Post-tropical40Category 3
Unnamed191535.5Post-tropical40Category 4
Unnamed189298.8Post-tropical48Tropical storm
Unnamed188853.1Tropical storm55Category 3
  1. Tropical storms and hurricanes (34 kt or more, still tropical) at closest approach. Post-tropical remnants with gale-force winds are listed but not counted. Direct: track within 50 miles; near: within 100 miles. Distance is measured to the county boundary for counties and to the city centre for cities, using positions interpolated hourly between HURDAT2 fixes.

National Hurricane Center HURDAT2, 1851 to 2025.

Wildfire and smoke

No large wildfire has been mapped here since satellite mapping began in 1984.

Smoke overhead

Smokiest year

2023: 53 days

Heavy smoke on 13 days in 2023, the most of any year.

Last 10 years

16.2 days a year

Medium or heavy smoke, 2016 to 2025.

2025

11 days

Medium or heavy smoke. 38 so far in 2026.

Days with medium or heavy smoke overhead, by year 2011: 6 2012: 7 2013: 4 2014: 6 2015: 7 2016: 1 2017: 3 2018: 7 2019: 8 2020: 10 2021: 37 2022: 15 2023: 53 53 2024: 17 2025: 11 201120122013201420152016201720182019202020212022202320242025
Days each year on which a satellite-traced plume of medium or heavy smoke covered the county’s population centre, 2011 to 2025.
  1. A smoke day is a date on which a smoke plume traced by NOAA Hazard Mapping System analysts from satellite imagery covered this place's point (the county's population centre or the city centre). Counts here are of medium or heavy smoke. Since 2018 analysts have often drawn light smoke as one area over most of the continent, so light-smoke counts are not comparable from year to year. The plumes show smoke anywhere in the air above, not air quality at the ground, and smoke hidden by cloud is missed.

NOAA Hazard Mapping System smoke analysis, 2011 to 2026, retrieved October 30, 2026.

Floods and flood insurance

45 federal flood insurance claims since 1978, with $408,000 paid.

Federal flood insurance claims by year 1997: 26 26 2025: 5 1997
Claims per year since 1978. Years with fewer than five claims are not shown.

Most claims in one year

1997: 26 claims

$161,000 paid.

2nd most

2025: 5 claims

$172,000 paid.

Claims by ZIP code

Flood insurance claims by ZIP code
4761517$93,000
4763517$240,000
4763410$70,000

Flood events since 1996

  • Flood57
  • Flash Flood32
  • Heavy Rain19

This product uses the Federal Emergency Management Agency's OpenFEMA API, but is not endorsed by FEMA. The Federal Government or FEMA cannot vouch for the data or analyses derived from these data after the data have been retrieved from the Agency's website(s).

OpenFEMA NFIP Redacted Claims v3, refreshed August 4, 2026. NOAA Storm Events through 2026.

Drought

In severe drought or worse for 121 of 1,581 months since 1895 (8%); the longest spell lasted 19 months.

121

Months in severe drought or worse since 1895

55

Months in extreme drought

8%

Share of all months, severe or worse

21

Drought reports to the Weather Service since 1996

Lowest reading

December 1953

−6.18, extreme drought

Longest severe spell

19 months

July 1953 to January 1955.

Latest month

September 2026

+1.25, slightly wet

Last severe month: August 2012.

Months in severe drought or worse, by year 1895: 0 1896: 0 1897: 0 1898: 0 1899: 0 1900: 0 1901: 1 1902: 4 1903: 0 1904: 0 1905: 1 1906: 0 1907: 0 1908: 2 1909: 1 1910: 0 1911: 0 1912: 0 1913: 2 1914: 8 1915: 4 1916: 0 1917: 0 1918: 0 1919: 0 1920: 0 1921: 0 1922: 0 1923: 0 1924: 0 1925: 5 1926: 0 1927: 0 1928: 0 1929: 0 1930: 7 1931: 11 1932: 0 1933: 0 1934: 4 1935: 0 1936: 4 1937: 0 1938: 0 1939: 0 1940: 0 1941: 11 1942: 1 1943: 1 1944: 10 1945: 1 1946: 0 1947: 0 1948: 0 1949: 0 1950: 0 1951: 0 1952: 0 1953: 6 1954: 12 12 1955: 1 1956: 0 1957: 0 1958: 0 1959: 0 1960: 0 1961: 0 1962: 0 1963: 2 1964: 3 1965: 0 1966: 0 1967: 0 1968: 0 1969: 0 1970: 0 1971: 0 1972: 0 1973: 0 1974: 0 1975: 0 1976: 0 1977: 0 1978: 0 1979: 0 1980: 0 1981: 0 1982: 0 1983: 0 1984: 0 1985: 0 1986: 0 1987: 1 1988: 1 1989: 0 1990: 0 1991: 5 1992: 6 1993: 0 1994: 0 1995: 0 1996: 0 1997: 0 1998: 0 1999: 1 2000: 0 2001: 0 2002: 0 2003: 0 2004: 0 2005: 0 2006: 0 2007: 0 2008: 0 2009: 0 2010: 1 2011: 1 2012: 3 2013: 0 2014: 0 2015: 0 2016: 0 2017: 0 2018: 0 2019: 0 2020: 0 2021: 0 2022: 0 2023: 0 2024: 0 2025: 0 18951905191519251935194519551965197519851995200520152025
Months each year with a Palmer index of −3 or lower, 1895 to 2025. Twelve means the whole year.
  1. The Palmer Drought Severity Index is computed by NOAA each month from the county's average temperature and precipitation, relative to the county's own climate. Zero is normal; -3 or lower is severe drought and -4 or lower extreme drought. It describes the long-term balance of moisture, not water supply or crop losses.

NOAA NCEI nClimDiv county Palmer Drought Severity Index, 1895 to September 2026, issued October 6, 2026.

Earthquakes

6 earthquakes of magnitude 4 or more within 50 miles since 1900; the largest was magnitude 5.2 in 2008.

0

Magnitude 2.5+ inside the county since 1973

19

Magnitude 3+ within 50 miles since 1973

6

Magnitude 4+ within 50 miles since 1900

1

Magnitude 5+ within 50 miles since 1900

Largest within 50 miles

April 18, 2008

Magnitude 5.2

7 km NNE of Bellmont, Illinois; 48.3 miles away, 8.9 miles deep.

Most recent, magnitude 3 or more

May 29, 2023

Magnitude 3.0

6 km W of Calhoun, Kentucky; 20.3 miles away.

Earthquakes of magnitude 3 or more within 50 miles, by year 1973: 1 1974: 0 1975: 0 1976: 0 1977: 0 1978: 0 1979: 0 1980: 1 1981: 0 1982: 0 1983: 0 1984: 0 1985: 1 1986: 0 1987: 0 1988: 0 1989: 0 1990: 2 1991: 0 1992: 0 1993: 0 1994: 0 1995: 0 1996: 0 1997: 0 1998: 0 1999: 0 2000: 1 2001: 0 2002: 1 2003: 0 2004: 0 2005: 0 2006: 0 2007: 0 2008: 7 7 2009: 0 2010: 0 2011: 0 2012: 2 2013: 0 2014: 0 2015: 0 2016: 0 2017: 2 2018: 0 2019: 0 2020: 0 2021: 0 2022: 0 2023: 1 2024: 0 2025: 0 19731978198319881993199820032008201320182023
Per year, 1973 to 2025.

Every earthquake of magnitude 4 or more within 50 miles

Earthquakes of magnitude 4 or more within 50 miles
Apr 21, 20084.047.711.47 km NNE of Bellmont, Illinois
Apr 18, 20084.747.89.69 km NNE of Bellmont, Illinois
Apr 18, 20085.248.38.97 km NNE of Bellmont, Illinois
Jun 18, 20024.627.110.06 km SW of Parkers Settlement, Indiana
Sep 2, 19254.613.8—Kentucky
Apr 27, 19254.834.6—3 km NNW of Poseyville, Indiana
  1. Earthquakes of magnitude 2.5 or more in the USGS Comprehensive Catalog since 1900. Within 50 miles means the epicentre lies within 50 miles of the county boundary (or inside the county).
  2. Small earthquakes were under-recorded before the modern seismic networks of the 1970s and are still missed in remote areas, so early decades read low. Magnitudes are as the catalogue reports them and mix scales (moment, local and body-wave).

USGS ANSS Comprehensive Earthquake Catalog, 1900 to present, retrieved October 30, 2026.

Severe weather and other events

785 events in the National Weather Service record, 733 of them since 1996.

37

Hail reports, 1 inch or larger

3

Hail, 2 inches or larger

120

Damaging gusts, 58 mph+

123

Winter weather events since 1996

68

Heat events since 1996

70

Cold events since 1996

Largest hail

May 25, 2006

4.25 inches

Strongest measured or estimated gust

July 20, 2018

96 mph

More event types since 1996

Other Storm Events types since 1996
Lightning101Feb 24, 2007
Dense fog and smoke7100Apr 25, 2026

Costliest events since 1996

  1. Jan 26, 2009Winter Storm, Spencer$6.0 million
    National Weather Service narrative

    A major winter storm dumped 6 to 10 inches of sleet and snow north and west of Evansville, including Pike County. In addition to the sleet and snow, up to one-half inch of ice coated objects. This resulted in very difficult driving conditions. Numerous vehicles slid off roadways. Schools were out for several days. Isolated power outages affected a small number of people north and west of Evansville. From Evansville south and east, a major ice storm occurred. About one inch of ice accumulated. This resulted in widespread tree damage and numerous power outages. In the city of Evansville itself, several inches of sleet and snow were combined with nearly an inch of ice. The weight of…

  2. Sep 14, 2008High Wind, Spencer$4.0 million
    National Weather Service narrative

    Frequent wind gusts from 50 to 70 mph caused numerous problems in southwest Indiana. The low pressure center that was the remnant of Hurricane Ike raced northeast at 40 to 50 mph across Missouri and Illinois. The center passed between Carbondale, IL and St. Louis, MO on its way toward the northeastern states. The rapid speed of the low pressure system contributed to this high wind event. A peak wind gust of 64 mph was measured by the automated observing system at the Evansville airport. The highest sustained wind at the airport was 47 mph. An unofficial wind gust of 66 mph was measured at Newburgh.||Extensive tree damage occurred. Trees were uprooted and very large limbs were…

  3. May 25, 2004Flash Flood$1.1 million
    National Weather Service narrative

    Widespread flash flooding occurred across northern Warrick and Spencer Counties. In northern Spencer County, numerous roads were closed by flooding, and some persons were rescued from stalled vehicles. About eight inches of water was over U.S. Highway 231 in Gentryville. State Highway 245 was closed at Lamar due to high water. Some flooding of a few homes was reported in Spencer County. About six inches of water entered a cabinet manufacturing facility. Significant amounts of debris washed across the property of an amusement park at Santa Claus in Spencer County, closing the park for several days. Three feet of muddy water was flowing through the park. City streets were flooded…

  4. Mar 18, 2008Flood$250,000
    National Weather Service narrative

    Three young boys were rescued unhurt when their boat capsized in Anderson River backwaters just southeast of New Boston. Several stranded motorists were rescued. At least one family was rescued from a flooded home in St. Meinrad. A home near the Anderson River was sandbagged. Schools were closed. Numerous roads were closed, including roads that don't normally flood. Major roads that were closed included portions of U.S. Highway 231, Indiana 62, and Indiana 161. Some damage occurred to county roads. Some water entered the Spencer County courthouse and other structures around the county. Residents of a house on Indiana 66 could access their house only by boat.

  5. Apr 19, 1996Thunderstorm Wind$200,000
    National Weather Service narrative

    A maintenance building lost several walls. A cable TV tower was blown down 1 mile east of Dale. A lady was trapped in her car when power lines fell on it about 5 miles southeast of Dale. A turkey farm just northeast of Dale was extensively damaged. A turkey barn and a garage were destroyed, along with close to 2,000 turkeys. A home received extensive damage to its roof and one wall. A wholesale warehouse lost a wall and part of its roof.

  6. Mar 1, 2018Flood$200,000
    National Weather Service narrative

    Moderate flooding continued along the Ohio River from late February. The flood crest in neighboring Warrick County was the highest since the March, 1997 flood. Numerous roads were closed for days at a time, including at least 50 county roads. U.S. Route 231 north of Rockport was affected by high water, along with a few other state highways. The town of Grandview in Spencer County was hardest hit, where some residents evacuated.

  7. Jan 5, 2025Winter Storm, Spencer$125,000
    National Weather Service narrative

    A major winter storm impacted southwest Indiana on the 5th with a mix of snow, sleet, and freezing rain. Heavy snow with rates around 1 inch per hour impacted locations along and north of Interstate 64 beginning in the morning hours before eventually ending as sleet and freezing rain later that day. A lull occurred that evening with areas of freezing drizzle before wrap around moisture caused one final burst of snow into the morning hours on the 6th. Peak accumulations ranged from 4 to 8 inches of snow and sleet along with glazes of ice. Further south along an axis that extended along the Ohio River, a period of snow on the onset transitioned to sleet and freezing rain, ending as…

  8. Jan 29, 2008Thunderstorm Wind$100,000
    National Weather Service narrative

    Countywide, trees and power lines were down. Minor structural damage occurred, with damage to roofs and outbuildings.

  9. Jun 27, 2011Thunderstorm Wind$100,000
    National Weather Service narrative

    A heat burst occurred in the wake of a line of thunderstorms. About two miles east of Hatfield on Route 66, a large fertilizer auger leg was blown down off a fertilizer storage building. The building sustained minor structural damage to a section of the roof, as well as some limited loss of shingles. Five empty fertilizer wagons were blown up to 100 feet. Several tree limbs were blown down. Peak winds were estimated near 90 mph. The damage area was only about one-quarter mile long and one-quarter mile wide. A heat burst is defined as a localized, sudden increase in surface temperature associated with a thunderstorm, shower, or mesoscale convective system. This heat burst occurred…

  10. Jul 20, 2018Thunderstorm Wind$100,000
    National Weather Service narrative

    A damaging downburst crossed into Spencer County from southeast Warrick County. Hundreds of trees, some very large, were uprooted, snapped, or had large broken limbs. A half dozen homes or garages sustained mostly minor damage, with loss of siding, shingles, or other damage. One barn was destroyed east of Hatfield due to fallen trees. A tree fell on a mobile home. Peak winds in this downburst were estimated near 95 mph. The damage area was about eight miles long and two miles wide, and nearly all of it occurred in Spencer County.

  1. Storm Events records before 1996 cover only tornadoes, thunderstorm wind and hail. Damage figures are as reported by the National Weather Service at the time, not adjusted for inflation.

NOAA NCEI Storm Events Database, 1950 to 2026, issued October 26, 2026.

Weather records

From Boonville 1S, 14.4 miles from the county’s population centre, with records from 1897.

All-time high
107°FJul 7, 2012
All-time low
−25°FFeb 13, 1899
Warmest night
82°FJul 12, 2011
Coldest day
−1°FFeb 9, 1899
Wettest day
7.53 inNov 15, 2005
Snowiest day
9.8 inDec 22, 2004
Hottest year
2012mean 60.2°F
Coldest year
1997mean 55.1°F
Wettest year
201172.20 in
Driest year
193028.02 in
Snowiest season
33.2 in1995-96
Average monthly high and low temperature and precipitation, last 30 years, Boonville 1S 32°F 42° 25° 3.7 Jan 48° 29° 3.8 Feb 59° 37° 5.2 Mar 70° 46° 5.6 Apr 79° 57° 5.1 May 87° 65° 4.6 Jun 89° 68° 5.0 Jul 88° 66° 3.3 Aug 83° 59° 3.7 Sep 70° 47° 3.8 Oct 57° 37° 4.0 Nov 47° 30° 4.3 Dec Precipitation, inches
Average daily high and low by month, and average monthly precipitation, over the last 30 years.
Days reaching 95°F per year 1991: 8 1992: 0 1993: 5 1994: 4 1995: 5 1996: 4 1997: 4 1998: 6 1999: 15 2000: 1 2001: 1 2002: 11 2003: 1 2004: 0 2005: 8 2006: 5 2007: 19 2008: 2 2009: 8 2010: 26 2011: 34 34 2012: 28 2013: 2 2014: 0 2015: 2 2016: 6 2017: 8 2018: 8 2019: 1 2020: 0 2021: 2 2022: 14 2023: 6 2024: 6 2025: 9 1991200120112021
Days reaching 95°F each complete year, last 50 years. Thirty-year average: 7.9.
Snowfall by winter 1990: 6.7 in 1991: 3.2 in 1992: 17.3 in 1993: 21.5 in 1994: 1.7 in 1995: 33.2 in 33.2 1996: 9.2 in 1997: 19.3 in 1998: 8.6 in 1999: 4.5 in 2000: 16.1 in 2001: 6.4 in 2002: 26.0 in 2003: 7.7 in 2004: 18.5 in 2005: 5.2 in 2006: 2.9 in 2008: 7.7 in 2009: 17.5 in 2013: 12.9 in 2014: 22.9 in 2015: 12.3 in 2016: 1.7 in 2017: 14.6 in 2018: 6.5 in 2019: 0.6 in 2020: 11.8 in 2021: 4.4 in 2022: 8.5 in 2023: 1.5 in 2024: 16.9 in 2025: 9.9 in 1990200020142024
Total snowfall each winter (July to June), last 50 winters.

Median first snow

December 15

Earliest: October 30, 1993

Median last snow

February 17

Latest: April 21, 2021

1 of 45 winters had no measurable snow.

Station Boonville 1S (USC00120852), 400 ft elevation, 14.4 miles from the population centre. Daily records from 1897 to October 25, 2026; 99.3% of days in the last 30 years are complete. Records at a single station can differ from a city’s official threaded record, which may combine several stations.

NOAA NCEI Global Historical Climatology Network Daily.

Federal disaster declarations

15 since 1953. The most recent: Severe Winter Storm, January 24, 2026.

Federal disaster declarations
Jan 24, 2026Winter StormSevere Winter StormEmergencyEM-3641-IN
Apr 3, 2020BiologicalCovid-19 PandemicMajor disasterDR-4515-IN
Mar 13, 2020BiologicalCovid-19EmergencyEM-3456-IN
May 4, 2018FloodSevere Storms and FloodingMajor disasterDR-4363-IN
Jun 23, 2011Severe StormSevere Storms, Tornadoes, Straight-Line Winds, andMajor disasterDR-1997-IN
Mar 5, 2009Severe StormSevere Winter StormMajor disasterDR-1828-IN
Sep 23, 2008Severe StormSevere Storms and FloodingMajor disasterDR-1795-IN
Sep 10, 2005HurricaneHurricane Katrina EvacuationEmergencyEM-3238-IN
Jan 11, 2005SnowstormSnowEmergencyEM-3197-IN
Sep 1, 2004Severe StormSevere Storms, Tornadoes and FloodingMajor disasterDR-1542-IN
Jun 3, 2004Severe StormSevere Storms, Tornadoes, and FloodingMajor disasterDR-1520-IN
Mar 6, 1997Severe StormSevere Storms and FloodingMajor disasterDR-1165-IN
Apr 2, 1996FloodBlizzard of 96Major disasterDR-1109-IN
Jan 5, 1991FloodSevere Storms & FloodingMajor disasterDR-891-IN
Jul 31, 1979FloodSevere Storms & FloodingMajor disasterDR-596-IN

This product uses the Federal Emergency Management Agency's OpenFEMA API, but is not endorsed by FEMA. The Federal Government or FEMA cannot vouch for the data or analyses derived from these data after the data have been retrieved from the Agency's website(s).

OpenFEMA Disaster Declarations Summaries, retrieved October 30, 2026. Statewide declarations are not listed.

How this compares

Where Spencer County stands among 92 counties in Indiana and 3,143 in the United States.

Ranks
Tornadoes since 19501957 / 921,626 / 3,143
Tornadoes rated F3/EF3 or stronger169 / 921,281 / 3,143
Tropical cyclones within 50 mi0——
Hurricane-strength passes within 50 mi0——
Wildfire acres since 19840——
Flood insurance claims4558 / 921,690 / 3,143
Flood insurance paid$408,00067 / 921,862 / 3,143
Disaster declarations1577 / 922,305 / 3,143
Flood events since 199610822 / 92521 / 3,143
Hail and wind events since 199625235 / 921,553 / 3,143
Winter storm events since 19961237 / 92677 / 3,143
Reported damage since 1996$14.2 million37 / 921,727 / 3,143
River crests at major flood stage0——
High tide flooding days a year, last 10 years0.0——
Months in severe drought since 189512172 / 921,715 / 3,143
Medium or heavy smoke days a year, last 10 years16.287 / 921,442 / 3,143
Earthquakes M4+ within 50 mi since 1900611 / 92589 / 3,143
Earthquakes M2.5+ in the county since 19730——

Neighbouring counties

Neighbouring counties
Daviess County KY3310327
Dubois County280017
Hancock County KY91011
Perry County151042
Warrick County310077

Sources and vintage

Every number on this page comes from these public records.

  • Tornadoes NOAA Storm Prediction Center severe weather database, through 2025.
  • Tropical cyclones NOAA National Hurricane Center HURDAT2 (Atlantic; Northeast and Central Pacific), through 2025.
  • Wildfire USGS/USFS Monitoring Trends in Burn Severity, through 2026.
  • Storm events NOAA NCEI Storm Events Database, through 2026.
  • Flood insurance OpenFEMA NFIP Redacted Claims v3, refreshed August 4, 2026.
  • Declarations OpenFEMA Disaster Declarations Summaries v2, retrieved October 30, 2026.
  • Weather records NOAA NCEI Global Historical Climatology Network Daily, station USC00120852.
  • River crests NOAA National Weather Service, National Water Prediction Service river gauges, retrieved October 30, 2026.
  • Drought NOAA NCEI nClimDiv county Palmer Drought Severity Index, through September 2026.
  • Smoke NOAA NESDIS Hazard Mapping System smoke analysis, retrieved October 30, 2026.
  • Earthquakes USGS ANSS Comprehensive Earthquake Catalog (ComCat), retrieved October 30, 2026.

Joins, thresholds and known limits are set out in the methodology. Found an error? Report it. Page built October 30, 2026.