Boyle County

Population 31,632 (2025) 180 sq mi

Boyle County has recorded 12 tornadoes since 1950, 45th most of 120 counties in Kentucky; the most recent was on May 30, 2025.

Hazard fingerprint for Boyle County Tornado: 81th percentile. Tropical: 20th percentile. Wildfire: 0th percentile. Flood: 69th percentile. Hail & wind: 67th percentile. Heat: 0th percentile. Cold: 28th percentile. Winter: 21th percentile. TORTROPFIREFLOODSEVEREHEATCOLDWINTER

Hazard fingerprint Each spoke is this county’s percentile among U.S. counties where that hazard occurs. How it is computed

2026
  • Tornado damage paths since 195012
  • Tropical cyclone tracks within 100 miles since 1851, wider where stronger3

At a glance

The record for Boyle County in eight numbers. Each links to its section below.

Tornadoes since 1950

12

45th of 120 in Kentucky

About as many as the typical Kentucky county

Details

Flood insurance claims

15

88th of 120 in Kentucky

$169,000 paid since 1984

Details

Tropical cyclones within 50 mi

3

6th of 120 in Kentucky

None at hurricane strength since 1851

Details

Strongest tornado

F3

April 3, 1974, 21.1 mile path

Strongest tropical cyclone

TS

Tropical storm (unnamed), 1888, 22.2 miles away

Federal disaster declarations

21

Most recent: Severe Winter Storm, 2026

Details

Record high

108°F

Reached 2 times, most recently July 15, 1936

Details

Record low

−21°F

January 24, 1963

Details

Tornadoes

About one every 6.3 years since 1950, one of them rated F3/EF3 or stronger.

Strongest

April 3, 1974

F3, 21.1 mile path

10 yards wide; 1 killed along the whole path.

Most recent

Friday, May 30, 2025

EF2, 5.5 mile path

Within the past year.

Tornadoes by decade Doppler radar era² 1950s: 0 1960s: 0 1970s: 4 4 1980s: 1 1 1990s: 0 2000s: 0 2010s: 1 1 2020s: 6 6 1950s1960s1970s1980s1990s2000s2010s2020s
Recorded tornadoes per decade. The 2020s are incomplete.
Tornadoes by month J: 1 F: 0 M: 0 A: 4 4 M: 2 J: 0 J: 1 A: 0 S: 0 O: 0 N: 0 D: 4 JFMAMJJASOND
By month of occurrence, all years.

Every recorded tornado

Tornadoes in Boyle County since 1950
May 30, 2025EF25.5450141
Jan 12, 2023EF10.812500
Dec 11, 2021EF13.095000
Dec 11, 2021EF17.110000
Dec 11, 2021EF13.640000
Dec 11, 2021EF20.610000
Apr 3, 2018EF10.510000
Jul 2, 1980F15.620000
Apr 21, 1976F10.15000
Apr 3, 1974F216.210100
Apr 3, 1974F321.110981
May 6, 1971F130.23300
  1. Injuries and deaths are for the tornado’s whole path, which may extend beyond the county. Deaths recorded within Boyle County: 1.
  2. Weak tornadoes were under-recorded before Doppler radar coverage became national in the early 1990s, so earlier decades read low. Ratings use the Fujita scale before February 2007 and the Enhanced Fujita scale after.

Storm Prediction Center severe weather database, 1950 to 2025.

Hurricanes and tropical storms

3 passed within 50 miles since 1851; none at hurricane strength.

Strongest within 50 miles

August 21, 1888

Unnamed storm, Tropical storm

22.2 miles at closest approach, winds near 52 mph.

Most recent

September 27, 2024

Helene, Remnant low

31.8 miles at closest approach.

Every storm within 100 miles

Tropical cyclones within 100 miles
Helene202431.8Remnant low46Category 4
Opal199525.5Tropical storm43Category 4
Frederic197942.7Tropical storm40Category 4
Audrey195719.1Tropical storm43Category 3
Unnamed191552.5Post-tropical40Category 4
Unnamed18920.0Post-tropical48Tropical storm
Unnamed188822.2Tropical storm52Category 3
  1. Tropical storms and hurricanes (34 kt or more, still tropical) at closest approach. Post-tropical remnants with gale-force winds are listed but not counted. Direct: track within 50 miles; near: within 100 miles. Distance is measured to the county boundary for counties and to the city centre for cities, using positions interpolated hourly between HURDAT2 fixes.

National Hurricane Center HURDAT2, 1851 to 2025.

Wildfire and smoke

No large wildfire has been mapped here since satellite mapping began in 1984.

Smoke overhead

Smokiest year

2023: 53 days

Heavy smoke on 13 days in 2023, the most of any year.

Last 10 years

14.7 days a year

Medium or heavy smoke, 2016 to 2025.

2025

9 days

Medium or heavy smoke. 34 so far in 2026.

Days with medium or heavy smoke overhead, by year 2011: 4 2012: 5 2013: 2 2014: 3 2015: 5 2016: 2 2017: 1 2018: 5 2019: 8 2020: 11 2021: 33 2022: 12 2023: 53 53 2024: 13 2025: 9 201120122013201420152016201720182019202020212022202320242025
Days each year on which a satellite-traced plume of medium or heavy smoke covered the county’s population centre, 2011 to 2025.
  1. A smoke day is a date on which a smoke plume traced by NOAA Hazard Mapping System analysts from satellite imagery covered this place's point (the county's population centre or the city centre). Counts here are of medium or heavy smoke. Since 2018 analysts have often drawn light smoke as one area over most of the continent, so light-smoke counts are not comparable from year to year. The plumes show smoke anywhere in the air above, not air quality at the ground, and smoke hidden by cloud is missed.

NOAA Hazard Mapping System smoke analysis, 2011 to 2026, retrieved October 30, 2026.

Floods and flood insurance

15 federal flood insurance claims since 1984, with $169,000 paid.

Federal flood insurance claims by year
Claims per year since 1984. Years with fewer than five claims are not shown.

Claims by ZIP code

Flood insurance claims by ZIP code
404687$52,000
404225$34,000

Flood events since 1996

  • Flash Flood18
  • Flood6
  • Heavy Rain1

This product uses the Federal Emergency Management Agency's OpenFEMA API, but is not endorsed by FEMA. The Federal Government or FEMA cannot vouch for the data or analyses derived from these data after the data have been retrieved from the Agency's website(s).

OpenFEMA NFIP Redacted Claims v3, refreshed August 4, 2026. NOAA Storm Events through 2026.

Drought

In severe drought or worse for 201 of 1,581 months since 1895 (13%); the longest spell lasted 32 months.

201

Months in severe drought or worse since 1895

63

Months in extreme drought

13%

Share of all months, severe or worse

Lowest reading

January 1931

−6.80, extreme drought

Longest severe spell

32 months

October 1899 to May 1902.

Latest month

September 2026

+1.40, slightly wet

Last severe month: December 2023.

Months in severe drought or worse, by year 1895: 4 1896: 5 1897: 0 1898: 0 1899: 3 1900: 12 12 1901: 12 1902: 7 1903: 4 1904: 8 1905: 7 1906: 0 1907: 0 1908: 2 1909: 1 1910: 0 1911: 0 1912: 0 1913: 2 1914: 6 1915: 1 1916: 0 1917: 0 1918: 0 1919: 0 1920: 0 1921: 0 1922: 0 1923: 0 1924: 0 1925: 0 1926: 0 1927: 0 1928: 0 1929: 0 1930: 7 1931: 11 1932: 0 1933: 0 1934: 1 1935: 0 1936: 4 1937: 0 1938: 0 1939: 0 1940: 0 1941: 11 1942: 5 1943: 2 1944: 10 1945: 0 1946: 0 1947: 0 1948: 0 1949: 0 1950: 0 1951: 0 1952: 0 1953: 3 1954: 12 1955: 1 1956: 0 1957: 0 1958: 0 1959: 0 1960: 0 1961: 0 1962: 0 1963: 1 1964: 1 1965: 0 1966: 0 1967: 0 1968: 0 1969: 0 1970: 0 1971: 0 1972: 0 1973: 0 1974: 0 1975: 0 1976: 0 1977: 0 1978: 0 1979: 0 1980: 0 1981: 1 1982: 0 1983: 0 1984: 0 1985: 0 1986: 3 1987: 4 1988: 7 1989: 0 1990: 0 1991: 0 1992: 0 1993: 0 1994: 0 1995: 0 1996: 0 1997: 0 1998: 0 1999: 4 2000: 12 2001: 9 2002: 2 2003: 0 2004: 0 2005: 3 2006: 7 2007: 3 2008: 1 2009: 1 2010: 0 2011: 0 2012: 0 2013: 0 2014: 0 2015: 0 2016: 0 2017: 0 2018: 0 2019: 0 2020: 0 2021: 0 2022: 0 2023: 1 2024: 0 2025: 0 18951905191519251935194519551965197519851995200520152025
Months each year with a Palmer index of −3 or lower, 1895 to 2025. Twelve means the whole year.
  1. The Palmer Drought Severity Index is computed by NOAA each month from the county's average temperature and precipitation, relative to the county's own climate. Zero is normal; -3 or lower is severe drought and -4 or lower extreme drought. It describes the long-term balance of moisture, not water supply or crop losses.

NOAA NCEI nClimDiv county Palmer Drought Severity Index, 1895 to September 2026, issued October 6, 2026.

Earthquakes and landslides

13 earthquakes of magnitude 2.5 or more within 50 miles since 1980; none reached magnitude 4.

0

Magnitude 2.5+ inside the county since 1973

3

Magnitude 3+ within 50 miles since 1973

0

Magnitude 4+ within 50 miles since 1900

0

Magnitude 5+ within 50 miles since 1900

Largest within 50 miles

June 4, 1987

Magnitude 3.1

9 km SW of Shepherdsville, Kentucky; 46.0 miles away, 4.7 miles deep.

Most recent, magnitude 3 or more

December 28, 2025

Magnitude 3.1

11 km ENE of Lancaster, Kentucky; 10.7 miles away.

Earthquakes of magnitude 3 or more within 50 miles, by year 1973: 0 1974: 0 1975: 0 1976: 0 1977: 0 1978: 0 1979: 0 1980: 1 1 1981: 0 1982: 0 1983: 0 1984: 0 1985: 0 1986: 0 1987: 1 1988: 0 1989: 0 1990: 0 1991: 0 1992: 0 1993: 0 1994: 0 1995: 0 1996: 0 1997: 0 1998: 0 1999: 0 2000: 0 2001: 0 2002: 0 2003: 0 2004: 0 2005: 0 2006: 0 2007: 0 2008: 0 2009: 0 2010: 0 2011: 0 2012: 0 2013: 0 2014: 0 2015: 0 2016: 0 2017: 0 2018: 0 2019: 0 2020: 0 2021: 0 2022: 0 2023: 0 2024: 0 2025: 1 19731978198319881993199820032008201320182023
Per year, 1973 to 2025.
  1. Earthquakes of magnitude 2.5 or more in the USGS Comprehensive Catalog since 1900. Within 50 miles means the epicentre lies within 50 miles of the county boundary (or inside the county).
  2. Small earthquakes were under-recorded before the modern seismic networks of the 1970s and are still missed in remote areas, so early decades read low. Magnitudes are as the catalogue reports them and mix scales (moment, local and body-wave).

USGS ANSS Comprehensive Earthquake Catalog, 1900 to present, retrieved October 30, 2026.

Mapped landslides

4

Landslides mapped, probable or better

1

With a recorded date

1

Source inventory

Mapped by KY GS (4).

  1. Landslides mapped in the USGS compilation of landslide inventories across the United States (version 3.0, 2025), rated probable or better. The compilation joins inventories made by federal and state agencies for different purposes and areas, so the number mapped in a county reflects how closely it has been surveyed as much as how often its slopes fail. An area with few records may simply not have been mapped. Deaths are as recorded in the inventories; a slide listed in two inventories is counted once.

USGS Landslide Inventories across the United States, version 3.0, retrieved October 27, 2026.

Severe weather and other events

220 events in the National Weather Service record, 168 of them since 1996.

27

Hail reports, 1 inch or larger

3

Hail, 2 inches or larger

68

Damaging gusts, 58 mph+

31

Winter weather events since 1996

0

Heat events since 1996

5

Cold events since 1996

Largest hail

April 25, 2015

3.00 inches

Strongest measured or estimated gust

November 9, 2000

81 mph

More event types since 1996

Other Storm Events types since 1996
Lightning100Jan 21, 2010

Costliest events since 1996

  1. Feb 15, 2003Ice Storm, Boyle$800,000
    National Weather Service narrative

    Light to occasionally moderate freezing rain began on the evening of the 15th, and continued through the evening of the 16th. Reports of ice accumulations of an inch were common along and north of Interstate 64, from Frankfort to Winchester. The hardest hit areas were in and around the cities of Frankfort and Lexington, where up to an inch and a quarter of ice accumulation was observed. A 78 year old male in Lawrenceburg in Anderson County died of injuries sustained when he was struck by a falling, ice covered, tree limb. After the storm, it is estimated that nearly 125,000 residents were without power for up to five days or more. Most of the property damage was reported in the…

  2. Jul 19, 1996Flash Flood$500,000
    National Weather Service narrative

    Several roads were washed out, a roof collapsed from a bank and several homes were flooded across the county as up to 7 inches of rain fell from the late afternoon into the evening over about a 5 hour period. Also, 2 people were rescued from high waters, several cars were swept away and 2 people were rescued from a truck by emergency personel. The county judge declared a disaster emergency for Boyle county.

  3. Apr 3, 2018Tornado$250,000
    National Weather Service narrative

    A small tornado touched down from a supercell thunderstorm on top of a tall hill along Highway 1822 and quickly destroyed one large barn used to store hay, severely damaging another medium sized barn, and destroyed fencing. The tornado did some damage to a grain silo along with some tree damage. An antique horse sled was picked up and moved about 10 feet. ||The tornado briefly lifted in a valley before striking a residence on the east side of Highway 1822 and lifting the roof off a family residence. Insulation from the roof was thrown eastward and also rotated back and covered the back of the house. ||Further east on Webster Rd, another one story family residence sustained…

  4. Apr 25, 2015Hail$80,000
    National Weather Service narrative

    Tennis ball size hail fell on the north side of Danville, as reported by the public.

  5. Mar 2, 1997Thunderstorm Wind$50,000
    National Weather Service narrative

    2 businesses and 2 mobile homes had roofs blown off in the southeastern part of Danville. The structures also recieved further minor damage. Many barns were also flattened, and numerous trees were downed. Also, in the western part of the county, a church had eextensive damage estimated at $20,000, and many trees were down there also. Most of the damage in the western part of the county was along highway 68.

  6. Apr 5, 2017Thunderstorm Wind$30,000
    National Weather Service narrative

    The Boyle County emergency manager reported trees and power lines down at Highway 34 and Taylor Road.

  7. Jul 14, 2016Thunderstorm Wind$25,000
    National Weather Service narrative

    Local media reported several trees and power lines down across the county.

  8. May 2, 2010Flash Flood$25,000
    National Weather Service narrative

    There were numerous reports of flooded and closed roads countywide. Five homes were evacuated due to rising water in a subdivision of Perryville.

  9. May 8, 2009Flash Flood$20,000
    National Weather Service narrative

    A long-lived bow echo that had produced widespread wind damage over southern Illinois moved east into Kentucky during the late morning hours. As it moved east, the system encountered a strengthening low-level jet across the Ohio Valley, which helped modify the motion of the line, resulting in training storms of extremely heavy rain that caused flash flooding. Individual storms developing ahead of the line continued to produce damaging winds, with two storms producing tornadoes, before the main area of convection moved through. ||NWS damage surveys determined the tornado in south-central Kentucky to be EF-1 in intensity, while the east-central Kentucky was ranked as a strong EF-3.…

  10. Apr 14, 2015Flood$20,000
    National Weather Service narrative

    The public reported that several mobile homes were flooded.

  1. Storm Events records before 1996 cover only tornadoes, thunderstorm wind and hail. Damage figures are as reported by the National Weather Service at the time, not adjusted for inflation.

NOAA NCEI Storm Events Database, 1950 to 2026, issued October 26, 2026.

Weather records

From Lexington Bluegrass Airport, 29.2 miles from the county’s population centre, with records from 1872.

All-time high
108°F2 times, most recently Jul 15, 1936
All-time low
−21°FJan 24, 1963
Warmest night
83°FJul 8, 1874
Coldest day
−3°F2 times, most recently Jan 12, 1918
Wettest day
8.04 inAug 2, 1932
Snowiest day
13.4 inJan 26, 1943
Hottest year
2024mean 59.8°F
Coldest year
1917mean 52.3°F
Wettest year
201871.98 in
Driest year
193024.89 in
Snowiest season
55.4 in1916-17
Average monthly high and low temperature and precipitation, last 30 years, Lexington Bluegrass Airport 32°F 42° 25° 3.6 Jan 47° 29° 4.0 Feb 57° 36° 4.3 Mar 67° 45° 4.6 Apr 75° 55° 5.4 May 83° 63° 5.0 Jun 86° 67° 5.2 Jul 86° 65° 3.7 Aug 81° 59° 3.4 Sep 69° 47° 3.8 Oct 56° 37° 3.2 Nov 46° 30° 4.2 Dec Precipitation, inches
Average daily high and low by month, and average monthly precipitation, over the last 30 years.
Nights at or below freezing per year 1976: 120 120 1977: 88 1978: 99 1979: 100 1980: 110 1981: 101 1982: 87 1983: 88 1984: 91 1985: 94 1986: 83 1987: 90 1988: 106 1989: 101 1990: 69 1991: 83 1992: 84 1993: 94 1994: 84 1995: 97 1996: 107 1997: 90 1998: 73 1999: 92 2000: 101 2001: 82 2002: 91 2003: 96 2004: 89 2005: 99 2006: 80 2007: 93 2008: 105 2009: 85 2010: 97 2011: 83 2012: 88 2013: 107 2014: 105 2015: 88 2016: 88 2017: 71 2018: 89 2019: 76 2020: 84 2021: 97 2022: 95 2023: 56 2024: 58 2025: 85 19761986199620062016
Nights at or below freezing each complete year, last 50 years. Thirty-year average: 88.3.
Snowfall by winter 1976: 27.4 in 1977: 42.1 in 42.1 1978: 23.8 in 1979: 20.5 in 1980: 3.7 in 1981: 12.1 in 1982: 8.0 in 1983: 15.0 in 1984: 26.3 in 1985: 14.3 in 1986: 15.3 in 1987: 10.2 in 1988: 2.2 in 1989: 14.3 in 1990: 5.8 in 1991: 3.2 in 1992: 23.3 in 1993: 31.7 in 1994: 9.1 in 1995: 31.4 in 1996: 4.0 in 1997: 19.6 in 1998: 4.1 in 1999: 5.2 in 2000: 10.3 in 2001: 8.7 in 2002: 19.9 in 2003: 8.6 in 2004: 5.8 in 2005: 11.2 in 2006: 7.8 in 2007: 10.8 in 2008: 12.9 in 2009: 23.7 in 2010: 27.8 in 2011: 7.6 in 2012: 12.5 in 2013: 27.1 in 2014: 40.0 in 2015: 15.3 in 2016: 3.4 in 2017: 21.2 in 2018: 9.8 in 2019: 5.4 in 2020: 21.7 in 2021: 23.9 in 2022: 3.1 in 2023: 6.9 in 2024: 23.3 in 2025: 11.5 in 19761986199620062016
Total snowfall each winter (July to June), last 50 winters.

Median first snow

November 27

Earliest: October 19, 1972

Median last snow

March 22

Latest: May 20, 1894

0 of 137 winters had no measurable snow.

Station Lexington Bluegrass Airport (USW00093820), 962 ft elevation, 29.2 miles from the population centre. Daily records from 1872 to October 26, 2026; 100.0% of days in the last 30 years are complete. Records at a single station can differ from a city’s official threaded record, which may combine several stations.

NOAA NCEI Global Historical Climatology Network Daily.

Federal disaster declarations

21 since 1953. The most recent: Severe Winter Storm, January 24, 2026.

Federal disaster declarations
Jan 24, 2026Winter StormSevere Winter StormEmergencyEM-3633-KY
Apr 3, 2025Severe StormSevere Storms, Straight-Line Winds, Tornadoes, and FloodingEmergencyEM-3626-KY
Feb 16, 2025Severe StormSevere Storms, Straight-Line Winds, Flooding, and LandslidesEmergencyEM-3624-KY
Apr 10, 2023Severe StormSevere Storms, Straight-Line Winds, Tornadoes, Flooding, Landslides, and MudslidesMajor disasterDR-4702-KY
Mar 31, 2021Severe Ice StormSevere Winter Storms, Landslides, and MudslidesMajor disasterDR-4592-KY
Mar 28, 2020BiologicalCovid-19 PandemicMajor disasterDR-4497-KY
Mar 13, 2020BiologicalCovid-19EmergencyEM-3469-KY
Apr 30, 2015SnowstormSevere Winter Storms, Snowstorms, Flooding, Landslides, and MudslidesMajor disasterDR-4216-KY
May 11, 2010Severe StormSevere Storms, Flooding, Mudslides, and TornadoesMajor disasterDR-1912-KY
Feb 5, 2009Severe Ice StormSevere Winter Storm and FloodingMajor disasterDR-1818-KY
Jan 28, 2009Severe Ice StormSevere Winter StormEmergencyEM-3302-KY
Sep 10, 2005HurricaneHurricane KatrinaEmergencyEM-3231-KY
Jun 10, 2004Severe StormSevere Storms, Tornadoes, Flooding, and MudslidesMajor disasterDR-1523-KY
Jun 3, 2003Severe StormSevere Storms, Flooding, Mud and Rock Slides, and TornadoesMajor disasterDR-1471-KY
May 7, 2002Severe StormSevere Storms, Tornadoes and FloodingMajor disasterDR-1414-KY
Mar 3, 1998Severe StormSevere Winter StormMajor disasterDR-1207-KY
Mar 4, 1997Severe StormSevere Storm, Flooding, and TornadoesMajor disasterDR-1163-KY
Jan 13, 1996SnowstormBlizzard of 96Major disasterDR-1089-KY
Mar 16, 1994SnowstormSevere Weather, Freezing Rain, Sleet, SnwMajor disasterDR-1018-KY
Mar 16, 1993SnowstormSevere Snowfall & Winter StormEmergencyEM-3104-KY
Apr 4, 1974TornadoTornadoesMajor disasterDR-420-KY

This product uses the Federal Emergency Management Agency's OpenFEMA API, but is not endorsed by FEMA. The Federal Government or FEMA cannot vouch for the data or analyses derived from these data after the data have been retrieved from the Agency's website(s).

OpenFEMA Disaster Declarations Summaries, retrieved October 30, 2026. Statewide declarations are not listed.

How this compares

Where Boyle County stands among 120 counties in Kentucky and 3,143 in the United States.

Ranks
Tornadoes since 19501245 / 1202,080 / 3,143
Tornadoes rated F3/EF3 or stronger155 / 1201,281 / 3,143
Tropical cyclones within 50 mi36 / 1201,131 / 3,143
Hurricane-strength passes within 50 mi0——
Wildfire acres since 19840——
Flood insurance claims1588 / 1202,187 / 3,143
Flood insurance paid$169,00098 / 1202,176 / 3,143
Disaster declarations21103 / 1201,345 / 3,143
Flood events since 199625115 / 1202,296 / 3,143
Hail and wind events since 1996100117 / 1202,778 / 3,143
Winter storm events since 19963190 / 1202,411 / 3,143
Reported damage since 1996$1.9 million111 / 1202,804 / 3,143
River crests at major flood stage0——
High tide flooding days a year, last 10 years0.0——
Months in severe drought since 18952011 / 120295 / 3,143
Medium or heavy smoke days a year, last 10 years14.753 / 1201,644 / 3,143
Earthquakes M4+ within 50 mi since 19000——
Earthquakes M2.5+ in the county since 19730——

Neighbouring counties

Neighbouring counties
Casey County73024
Garrard County113023
Lincoln County123027
Marion County123010
Mercer County1530187
Washington County102032

Sources and vintage

Every number on this page comes from these public records.

  • Tornadoes NOAA Storm Prediction Center severe weather database, through 2025.
  • Tropical cyclones NOAA National Hurricane Center HURDAT2 (Atlantic; Northeast and Central Pacific), through 2025.
  • Wildfire USGS/USFS Monitoring Trends in Burn Severity, through 2026.
  • Storm events NOAA NCEI Storm Events Database, through 2026.
  • Flood insurance OpenFEMA NFIP Redacted Claims v3, refreshed August 4, 2026.
  • Declarations OpenFEMA Disaster Declarations Summaries v2, retrieved October 30, 2026.
  • Weather records NOAA NCEI Global Historical Climatology Network Daily, station USW00093820.
  • River crests NOAA National Weather Service, National Water Prediction Service river gauges, retrieved October 30, 2026.
  • Drought NOAA NCEI nClimDiv county Palmer Drought Severity Index, through September 2026.
  • Smoke NOAA NESDIS Hazard Mapping System smoke analysis, retrieved October 30, 2026.
  • Landslides USGS Landslide Inventories across the United States, version 3.0 (2025).
  • Earthquakes USGS ANSS Comprehensive Earthquake Catalog (ComCat), retrieved October 30, 2026.

Joins, thresholds and known limits are set out in the methodology. Found an error? Report it. Page built October 30, 2026.