Grant County

Population 26,181 (2025) 258 sq mi

Property owners in Grant County have filed 3 federal flood insurance claims since 1978, 106th most of 120 counties in Kentucky.

Hazard fingerprint for Grant County Tornado: 40th percentile. Tropical: 0th percentile. Wildfire: 0th percentile. Flood: 80th percentile. Hail & wind: 68th percentile. Heat: 43th percentile. Cold: 16th percentile. Winter: 56th percentile. TORTROPFIREFLOODSEVEREHEATCOLDWINTER

Hazard fingerprint Each spoke is this county’s percentile among U.S. counties where that hazard occurs. How it is computed

2026
  • Tornado damage paths since 19508
  • Tropical cyclone tracks within 100 miles since 1851, wider where stronger3

At a glance

The record for Grant County in eight numbers. Each links to its section below.

Flood insurance claims

3

106th of 120 in Kentucky

$4,500 paid since 1980

Details

Tornadoes since 1950

8

76th of 120 in Kentucky

Fewer than the typical Kentucky county, which has had 10

Details

Tropical cyclones within 50 mi

1

78th of 120 in Kentucky

None at hurricane strength since 1851

Details

Strongest tornado

EF4

March 2, 2012, 9.8 mile path

Strongest tropical cyclone

TS

Tropical storm (unnamed), 1888, 20.7 miles away

Largest earthquake within 50 mi

5.0magnitude

July 27, 1980, 36.4 miles away

Details

Federal disaster declarations

18

Most recent: Severe Winter Storm, 2026

Details

Record high

104°F

Reached 2 times, most recently July 7, 2012

Details

Tornadoes

About one every 9.5 years since 1950, one of them rated F3/EF3 or stronger.

Strongest

March 2, 2012

EF4, 9.8 mile path

880 yards wide; 4 killed along the whole path.

Most recent

Thursday, January 12, 2023

EF0, 0.3 mile path

3 years ago.

Tornadoes by decade Doppler radar era² 1950s: 0 1960s: 0 1970s: 1 1 1980s: 0 1990s: 1 1 2000s: 0 2010s: 3 3 2020s: 3 3 1950s1960s1970s1980s1990s2000s2010s2020s
Recorded tornadoes per decade. The 2020s are incomplete.
Tornadoes by month J: 1 F: 0 M: 1 A: 5 5 M: 0 J: 0 J: 0 A: 0 S: 1 O: 0 N: 0 D: 0 JFMAMJJASOND
By month of occurrence, all years.

Every recorded tornado

Tornadoes in Grant County since 1950
Jan 12, 2023EF00.35000
Apr 8, 2020EF119.240000
Apr 8, 2020EF12.450000
Mar 2, 2012EF49.888084
Apr 23, 2011EF14.35000
Apr 23, 2011EF01.12500
Apr 28, 1994F05.03000
Sep 26, 1976F11.012001
  1. Injuries and deaths are for the tornado’s whole path, which may extend beyond the county. Deaths recorded within Grant County: 1.
  2. Weak tornadoes were under-recorded before Doppler radar coverage became national in the early 1990s, so earlier decades read low. Ratings use the Fujita scale before February 2007 and the Enhanced Fujita scale after.

Storm Prediction Center severe weather database, 1950 to 2025.

Hurricanes and tropical storms

1 passed within 50 miles since 1851; none at hurricane strength.

Strongest within 50 miles

August 21, 1888

Unnamed storm, Tropical storm

20.7 miles at closest approach, winds near 52 mph.

Most recent

September 27, 2024

Helene, Remnant low

94.1 miles at closest approach.

Every storm within 100 miles

Tropical cyclones within 100 miles
Helene202494.1Remnant low46Category 4
Opal199549.4Tropical storm44Category 4
Frederic197978.0Tropical storm40Category 4
Audrey195765.9Tropical storm44Category 3
Unnamed191592.4Post-tropical40Category 4
Unnamed191580.3Post-tropical40Category 4
Unnamed18922.7Post-tropical51Tropical storm
Unnamed188820.7Tropical storm52Category 3
  1. Tropical storms and hurricanes (34 kt or more, still tropical) at closest approach. Post-tropical remnants with gale-force winds are listed but not counted. Direct: track within 50 miles; near: within 100 miles. Distance is measured to the county boundary for counties and to the city centre for cities, using positions interpolated hourly between HURDAT2 fixes.

National Hurricane Center HURDAT2, 1851 to 2025.

Wildfire and smoke

No large wildfire has been mapped here since satellite mapping began in 1984.

Smoke overhead

Smokiest year

2023: 50 days

Heavy smoke on 14 days in 2023, the most of any year.

Last 10 years

15.2 days a year

Medium or heavy smoke, 2016 to 2025.

2025

9 days

Medium or heavy smoke. 36 so far in 2026.

Days with medium or heavy smoke overhead, by year 2011: 4 2012: 6 2013: 3 2014: 5 2015: 8 2016: 2 2017: 3 2018: 5 2019: 10 2020: 13 2021: 33 2022: 13 2023: 50 50 2024: 14 2025: 9 201120122013201420152016201720182019202020212022202320242025
Days each year on which a satellite-traced plume of medium or heavy smoke covered the county’s population centre, 2011 to 2025.
  1. A smoke day is a date on which a smoke plume traced by NOAA Hazard Mapping System analysts from satellite imagery covered this place's point (the county's population centre or the city centre). Counts here are of medium or heavy smoke. Since 2018 analysts have often drawn light smoke as one area over most of the continent, so light-smoke counts are not comparable from year to year. The plumes show smoke anywhere in the air above, not air quality at the ground, and smoke hidden by cloud is missed.

NOAA Hazard Mapping System smoke analysis, 2011 to 2026, retrieved October 30, 2026.

Floods and flood insurance

3 federal flood insurance claims since 1980, with $4,500 paid.

Federal flood insurance claims by year
Claims per year since 1980. Years with fewer than five claims are not shown.

Flood events since 1996

  • Flash Flood29
  • Flood19
  • Heavy Rain3

This product uses the Federal Emergency Management Agency's OpenFEMA API, but is not endorsed by FEMA. The Federal Government or FEMA cannot vouch for the data or analyses derived from these data after the data have been retrieved from the Agency's website(s).

OpenFEMA NFIP Redacted Claims v3, refreshed August 4, 2026. NOAA Storm Events through 2026.

Drought

In severe drought or worse for 131 of 1,581 months since 1895 (8%); the longest spell lasted 18 months.

131

Months in severe drought or worse since 1895

66

Months in extreme drought

8%

Share of all months, severe or worse

Lowest reading

January 1931

−7.00, extreme drought

Longest severe spell

18 months

June 1930 to November 1931.

Latest month

September 2026

+1.45, slightly wet

Last severe month: March 2009.

Months in severe drought or worse, by year 1895: 3 1896: 3 1897: 0 1898: 0 1899: 0 1900: 1 1901: 6 1902: 11 1903: 0 1904: 3 1905: 4 1906: 0 1907: 0 1908: 2 1909: 1 1910: 0 1911: 0 1912: 0 1913: 0 1914: 0 1915: 0 1916: 0 1917: 0 1918: 0 1919: 1 1920: 0 1921: 0 1922: 2 1923: 0 1924: 2 1925: 4 1926: 0 1927: 0 1928: 0 1929: 0 1930: 7 1931: 11 1932: 0 1933: 0 1934: 8 1935: 2 1936: 3 1937: 0 1938: 0 1939: 0 1940: 0 1941: 3 1942: 0 1943: 2 1944: 12 12 1945: 1 1946: 0 1947: 0 1948: 0 1949: 0 1950: 0 1951: 0 1952: 1 1953: 3 1954: 7 1955: 0 1956: 0 1957: 0 1958: 0 1959: 0 1960: 0 1961: 0 1962: 0 1963: 1 1964: 4 1965: 0 1966: 0 1967: 0 1968: 0 1969: 0 1970: 0 1971: 0 1972: 0 1973: 0 1974: 0 1975: 0 1976: 0 1977: 0 1978: 0 1979: 0 1980: 0 1981: 0 1982: 0 1983: 0 1984: 0 1985: 0 1986: 0 1987: 5 1988: 9 1989: 0 1990: 0 1991: 0 1992: 0 1993: 0 1994: 0 1995: 0 1996: 0 1997: 0 1998: 0 1999: 5 2000: 2 2001: 0 2002: 0 2003: 0 2004: 0 2005: 0 2006: 0 2007: 1 2008: 0 2009: 1 2010: 0 2011: 0 2012: 0 2013: 0 2014: 0 2015: 0 2016: 0 2017: 0 2018: 0 2019: 0 2020: 0 2021: 0 2022: 0 2023: 0 2024: 0 2025: 0 18951905191519251935194519551965197519851995200520152025
Months each year with a Palmer index of −3 or lower, 1895 to 2025. Twelve means the whole year.
  1. The Palmer Drought Severity Index is computed by NOAA each month from the county's average temperature and precipitation, relative to the county's own climate. Zero is normal; -3 or lower is severe drought and -4 or lower extreme drought. It describes the long-term balance of moisture, not water supply or crop losses.

NOAA NCEI nClimDiv county Palmer Drought Severity Index, 1895 to September 2026, issued October 6, 2026.

Earthquakes and landslides

3 earthquakes of magnitude 4 or more within 50 miles since 1900; the largest was magnitude 5.0 in 1980.

0

Magnitude 2.5+ inside the county since 1973

9

Magnitude 3+ within 50 miles since 1973

3

Magnitude 4+ within 50 miles since 1900

1

Magnitude 5+ within 50 miles since 1900

Largest within 50 miles

July 27, 1980

Magnitude 5.0

2 km SW of Sharpsburg, Kentucky; 36.4 miles away, 6.2 miles deep.

Most recent, magnitude 3 or more

December 12, 2021

Magnitude 3.0

2 km E of Manchester, Ohio; 49.4 miles away.

Earthquakes of magnitude 3 or more within 50 miles, by year 1973: 0 1974: 1 1975: 0 1976: 0 1977: 0 1978: 0 1979: 0 1980: 2 1981: 0 1982: 0 1983: 0 1984: 0 1985: 0 1986: 0 1987: 0 1988: 3 3 1989: 1 1990: 1 1991: 0 1992: 0 1993: 0 1994: 0 1995: 0 1996: 0 1997: 0 1998: 0 1999: 0 2000: 0 2001: 0 2002: 0 2003: 0 2004: 0 2005: 0 2006: 0 2007: 0 2008: 0 2009: 0 2010: 0 2011: 0 2012: 0 2013: 0 2014: 0 2015: 0 2016: 0 2017: 0 2018: 0 2019: 0 2020: 0 2021: 1 2022: 0 2023: 0 2024: 0 2025: 0 19731978198319881993199820032008201320182023
Per year, 1973 to 2025.

Every earthquake of magnitude 4 or more within 50 miles

Earthquakes of magnitude 4 or more within 50 miles
Sep 6, 19884.446.33.18 km NNE of Camargo, Kentucky
Sep 6, 19884.643.46.26 km W of Owingsville, Kentucky
Jul 27, 19805.036.46.22 km SW of Sharpsburg, Kentucky
  1. Earthquakes of magnitude 2.5 or more in the USGS Comprehensive Catalog since 1900. Within 50 miles means the epicentre lies within 50 miles of the county boundary (or inside the county).
  2. Small earthquakes were under-recorded before the modern seismic networks of the 1970s and are still missed in remote areas, so early decades read low. Magnitudes are as the catalogue reports them and mix scales (moment, local and body-wave).

USGS ANSS Comprehensive Earthquake Catalog, 1900 to present, retrieved October 30, 2026.

Mapped landslides

34

Landslides mapped, probable or better

21

With a recorded date

2

Source inventories

Mapped by KY GS (33), NASA (1).

  1. Landslides mapped in the USGS compilation of landslide inventories across the United States (version 3.0, 2025), rated probable or better. The compilation joins inventories made by federal and state agencies for different purposes and areas, so the number mapped in a county reflects how closely it has been surveyed as much as how often its slopes fail. An area with few records may simply not have been mapped. Deaths are as recorded in the inventories; a slide listed in two inventories is counted once.

USGS Landslide Inventories across the United States, version 3.0, retrieved October 27, 2026.

Severe weather and other events

325 events in the National Weather Service record, 292 of them since 1996.

20

Hail reports, 1 inch or larger

3

Hail, 2 inches or larger

106

Damaging gusts, 58 mph+

75

Winter weather events since 1996

7

Heat events since 1996

3

Cold events since 1996

Largest hail

April 23, 1968

2.00 inches

Strongest measured or estimated gust

June 15, 2010

82 mph

Costliest events since 1996

  1. Sep 14, 2008High Wind, Grant$2.9 million
    National Weather Service narrative

    Strong winds of 40 to 50 miles per hour were sustained for several hours. Gusts over 60 mph were common. Widespread damage occurred across the region, from trees being blown down on powerlines to significant structural damage.

  2. Mar 1, 1997Flash Flood$1.0 million
    National Weather Service narrative

    Estimated rainfall from 6 to 12 inches across the county in less than 36 hours caused water to rise across most county roads.

  3. Mar 2, 2012Tornado$500,000
    National Weather Service narrative

    The tornado touched down in Grant County at 1623 EST, causing low to mid EF3 damage specifically in the Harvesters Subdivision. This damage occurred at the west end of Barley Circle. Most of the damage in the rest of the subdivision was EF1 to EF2. Based on the damage surveyed, the maximum wind speed of this tornado while in Grant County was estimated at 145 miles per hour. After traveling 1.33 miles on the ground in Grant County, the tornado then crossed into Kenton County at 1624 EST. Immediately as the tornado crossed west to east of Interstate 75, it strengthened to EF4 level. Five single family homes were destroyed down to their foundations in this area, with at least two of…

  4. Jun 18, 2026Tornado$250,000
    National Weather Service narrative

    The first evidence of tornadic damage occurred on a property just east of Clarks Creek where several trees were uprooted or snapped. The tornado would continue east towards Baton Rouge Road, where several more hardwood trees had large branches broken off, with tree debris thrown onto both sides of the road. Additionally, a barn was completely destroyed in the same area. Sporadic tree damage continued along Baton Rouge Road, eventually leading to another barn where the walls completely collapsed and the roof was blown off. The damage to these outbuildings was consistent with |EF-1 damage, with maximum winds around 90 mph. Just a bit farther down the road, another outbuilding had…

  5. Jan 6, 1996Winter Storm, Grant$200,000
    National Weather Service narrative

    The Blizzard of '96 developed near the Gulf Coast and moved up the East Coast. This massive system brought the greatest snowfall from one storm to Greater Cincinnati/Northern Kentucky airport, as well as the greatest 24 hour snowfall. Total snowfall from this storm at the airport was 14.3 inches, while in a typical entire season this location normally receives only 23 inches of snowfall. Many homes and business experienced partial or total roof collapses due to the weight of the snow. Road conditions remained hazardous in some locations for many days. Many people believed that this was the worst winter storm since the Blizzard of '78.

  6. Jan 12, 2023Tornado$150,000
    National Weather Service narrative

    The tornado appeared to first touch down at a residence along Arlington Court, where part of the roof was removed. Shingles, roof sheathing and insulation were lifted and blown several hundred yards to the east northeast of the residence. Minor siding and roof damage occurred to a neighboring house. In addition, insulation from the first house was back spattered on the east facing garage of the second house.||The tornado continued to track east northeast across Arnie Risen Boulevard, where a tree was downed and a street sign was bent to the ground. The tornado then crossed a tree line, where several trees and large branches were downed, before it crossed a set of railroad tracks…

  7. Jul 21, 2026Tornado$60,000
    National Weather Service narrative

    The tornado first began at 1412EST in Carroll County, just northwest of Interstate 71 before it crossed into Gallatin County at 1414EST. The tornado continued southeast and crossed into Owen County at 1415EST and traveled southeast across much of Owen County. The tornado tracked along the Owen and Grant County line before fully crossing into Grant County at 1445EST. ||The first damage noted in Grant County was along Lusby Mill Road, where a lot of tree damage was observed. Additional tree damage was found along Keefer Lawrenceville Road. Farther southeast, several older barns and outbuildings were completely destroyed near Colson Lane. The tornado continued east, crossing over…

  8. Jun 5, 2001Flash Flood$50,000
    National Weather Service narrative

    Several hours of heavy rainfall caused a stream to overflow its banks. The high water damaged a bridge and forced the evacuation of several residents.

  9. Apr 8, 2020Tornado$35,000
    National Weather Service narrative

    Damage occurred to numerous homes and outbuildings. Damage and destruction also occurred to large mature trees.

  10. May 18, 2018Flash Flood$30,000
    National Weather Service narrative

    Part of Helton Road was washed out. Several roads and businesses were also flooded in Williamstown.

  1. Storm Events records before 1996 cover only tornadoes, thunderstorm wind and hail. Damage figures are as reported by the National Weather Service at the time, not adjusted for inflation.

NOAA NCEI Storm Events Database, 1950 to 2026, issued October 26, 2026.

Weather records

From Cincinnati/northern Kentucky I, 24.8 miles from the county’s population centre, with records from 1948.

All-time high
104°F2 times, most recently Jul 7, 2012
All-time low
−25°FJan 18, 1977
Warmest night
79°FJul 30, 1999
Coldest day
−4°F2 times, most recently Jan 20, 1985
Wettest day
5.21 inMar 9, 1964
Snowiest day
11.8 inFeb 4, 1998
Hottest year
2024mean 57.9°F
Coldest year
1963mean 51.1°F
Wettest year
201173.28 in
Driest year
196327.99 in
Snowiest season
53.9 in1977-78
Average monthly high and low temperature and precipitation, last 30 years, Cincinnati/northern Kentucky I 32°F 39° 23° 3.3 Jan 44° 26° 3.3 Feb 54° 35° 4.2 Mar 66° 44° 4.6 Apr 74° 54° 5.0 May 82° 62° 4.9 Jun 86° 66° 4.2 Jul 85° 65° 3.3 Aug 80° 58° 3.1 Sep 67° 46° 3.4 Oct 54° 35° 3.2 Nov 44° 29° 3.7 Dec Precipitation, inches
Average daily high and low by month, and average monthly precipitation, over the last 30 years.
Nights at or below freezing per year 1976: 137 137 1977: 110 1978: 115 1979: 111 1980: 126 1981: 119 1982: 99 1983: 105 1984: 107 1985: 100 1986: 92 1987: 99 1988: 122 1989: 111 1990: 89 1991: 93 1992: 95 1993: 106 1994: 94 1995: 108 1996: 123 1997: 102 1998: 90 1999: 99 2000: 111 2001: 97 2002: 102 2003: 107 2004: 97 2005: 103 2006: 88 2007: 106 2008: 113 2009: 94 2010: 111 2011: 93 2012: 92 2013: 119 2014: 112 2015: 87 2016: 95 2017: 81 2018: 108 2019: 96 2020: 76 2021: 98 2022: 96 2023: 77 2024: 74 2025: 98 19761986199620062016
Nights at or below freezing each complete year, last 50 years. Thirty-year average: 98.2.
Snowfall by winter 1976: 47.3 in 1977: 53.9 in 53.9 1978: 30.6 in 1979: 30.1 in 1980: 14.0 in 1981: 24.2 in 1982: 6.6 in 1983: 16.6 in 1984: 32.5 in 1985: 19.9 in 1986: 15.9 in 1987: 11.6 in 1988: 8.3 in 1989: 29.1 in 1990: 15.5 in 1991: 13.8 in 1992: 29.5 in 1993: 33.0 in 1994: 27.5 in 1995: 44.6 in 1996: 11.9 in 1997: 31.4 in 1998: 26.4 in 1999: 10.8 in 2000: 17.3 in 2001: 9.1 in 2002: 33.4 in 2003: 23.5 in 2004: 24.3 in 2005: 17.5 in 2006: 17.1 in 2007: 26.2 in 2008: 23.0 in 2009: 38.4 in 2010: 35.2 in 2011: 5.6 in 2012: 25.2 in 2013: 47.5 in 2014: 29.9 in 2015: 19.2 in 2016: 10.0 in 2017: 23.8 in 2018: 21.6 in 2019: 11.2 in 2020: 32.0 in 2021: 13.3 in 2022: 14.4 in 2023: 7.8 in 2024: 29.3 in 2025: 32.6 in 19761986199620062016
Total snowfall each winter (July to June), last 50 winters.

Median first snow

November 21

Earliest: October 19, 1989

Median last snow

March 24

Latest: May 6, 1989

0 of 78 winters had no measurable snow.

Station Cincinnati/northern Kentucky I (USW00093814), 861 ft elevation, 24.8 miles from the population centre. Daily records from 1948 to October 26, 2026; 100.0% of days in the last 30 years are complete. Records at a single station can differ from a city’s official threaded record, which may combine several stations.

NOAA NCEI Global Historical Climatology Network Daily.

Federal disaster declarations

18 since 1953. The most recent: Severe Winter Storm, January 24, 2026.

Federal disaster declarations
Jan 24, 2026Winter StormSevere Winter StormEmergencyEM-3633-KY
Apr 3, 2025Severe StormSevere Storms, Straight-Line Winds, Tornadoes, and FloodingEmergencyEM-3626-KY
Feb 16, 2025Severe StormSevere Storms, Straight-Line Winds, Flooding, and LandslidesEmergencyEM-3624-KY
Apr 10, 2023Severe StormSevere Storms, Straight-Line Winds, Tornadoes, Flooding, Landslides, and MudslidesMajor disasterDR-4702-KY
Mar 28, 2020BiologicalCovid-19 PandemicMajor disasterDR-4497-KY
Mar 13, 2020BiologicalCovid-19EmergencyEM-3469-KY
Apr 17, 2019Severe StormSevere Storms, Straight-Line Winds, Flooding, Landslides, and MudslidesMajor disasterDR-4428-KY
Apr 26, 2018FloodSevere Storms, Tornadoes, Flooding, Landslides, and MudslidesMajor disasterDR-4361-KY
May 12, 2015FloodSevere Winter Storm, Snowstorm, Flooding, Landslides, and MudslidesMajor disasterDR-4218-KY
Mar 6, 2012Severe StormSevere Storms, Tornadoes, Straight-Line Winds and FloodingMajor disasterDR-4057-KY
May 4, 2011Severe StormSevere Storms, Tornadoes, and FloodingMajor disasterDR-1976-KY
Feb 5, 2009Severe Ice StormSevere Winter Storm and FloodingMajor disasterDR-1818-KY
Jan 28, 2009Severe Ice StormSevere Winter StormEmergencyEM-3302-KY
Sep 10, 2005HurricaneHurricane KatrinaEmergencyEM-3231-KY
Feb 8, 2005SnowstormSevere Winter Storm and Record SnowMajor disasterDR-1578-KY
Mar 14, 2003Severe StormSevere Winter Ice and Snow Storms, Heavy Rain, Flooding, Tornadoes, and Mud andMajor disasterDR-1454-KY
Mar 4, 1997Severe StormSevere Storm, Flooding, and TornadoesMajor disasterDR-1163-KY
Jan 13, 1996SnowstormBlizzard of 96Major disasterDR-1089-KY

This product uses the Federal Emergency Management Agency's OpenFEMA API, but is not endorsed by FEMA. The Federal Government or FEMA cannot vouch for the data or analyses derived from these data after the data have been retrieved from the Agency's website(s).

OpenFEMA Disaster Declarations Summaries, retrieved October 30, 2026. Statewide declarations are not listed.

How this compares

Where Grant County stands among 120 counties in Kentucky and 3,143 in the United States.

Ranks
Tornadoes since 1950876 / 1202,381 / 3,143
Tornadoes rated F3/EF3 or stronger155 / 1201,281 / 3,143
Tropical cyclones within 50 mi178 / 1201,473 / 3,143
Hurricane-strength passes within 50 mi0——
Wildfire acres since 19840——
Flood insurance claims3106 / 1202,656 / 3,143
Flood insurance paid$4,500112 / 1202,776 / 3,143
Disaster declarations18113 / 1201,866 / 3,143
Flood events since 19965184 / 1201,389 / 3,143
Hail and wind events since 199614886 / 1202,393 / 3,143
Winter storm events since 19967550 / 1201,345 / 3,143
Reported damage since 1996$5.9 million68 / 1202,292 / 3,143
River crests at major flood stage0——
High tide flooding days a year, last 10 years0.0——
Months in severe drought since 189513153 / 1201,440 / 3,143
Medium or heavy smoke days a year, last 10 years15.237 / 1201,571 / 3,143
Earthquakes M4+ within 50 mi since 1900350 / 120949 / 3,143
Earthquakes M2.5+ in the county since 19730——

Neighbouring counties

Neighbouring counties
Boone County161039
Gallatin County31033
Harrison County920141
Kenton County1210286
Owen County51073
Pendleton County910180
Scott County152079

Sources and vintage

Every number on this page comes from these public records.

  • Tornadoes NOAA Storm Prediction Center severe weather database, through 2025.
  • Tropical cyclones NOAA National Hurricane Center HURDAT2 (Atlantic; Northeast and Central Pacific), through 2025.
  • Wildfire USGS/USFS Monitoring Trends in Burn Severity, through 2026.
  • Storm events NOAA NCEI Storm Events Database, through 2026.
  • Flood insurance OpenFEMA NFIP Redacted Claims v3, refreshed August 4, 2026.
  • Declarations OpenFEMA Disaster Declarations Summaries v2, retrieved October 30, 2026.
  • Weather records NOAA NCEI Global Historical Climatology Network Daily, station USW00093814.
  • River crests NOAA National Weather Service, National Water Prediction Service river gauges, retrieved October 30, 2026.
  • Drought NOAA NCEI nClimDiv county Palmer Drought Severity Index, through September 2026.
  • Smoke NOAA NESDIS Hazard Mapping System smoke analysis, retrieved October 30, 2026.
  • Landslides USGS Landslide Inventories across the United States, version 3.0 (2025).
  • Earthquakes USGS ANSS Comprehensive Earthquake Catalog (ComCat), retrieved October 30, 2026.

Joins, thresholds and known limits are set out in the methodology. Found an error? Report it. Page built October 30, 2026.