East Carroll Parish

Population 6,760 (2025) 421 sq mi

East Carroll Parish has recorded 34 tornadoes since 1950, 37th most of 64 counties in Louisiana; the most recent was on December 28, 2024.

Hazard fingerprint for East Carroll Parish Tornado: 90th percentile. Tropical: 61th percentile. Wildfire: 0th percentile. Flood: 56th percentile. Hail & wind: 42th percentile. Heat: 25th percentile. Cold: 9th percentile. Winter: 15th percentile. TORTROPFIREFLOODSEVEREHEATCOLDWINTER

Hazard fingerprint Each spoke is this county’s percentile among U.S. counties where that hazard occurs. How it is computed

2026
  • Tornado damage paths since 195034
  • Tropical cyclone tracks within 100 miles since 1851, wider where stronger25

At a glance

The record for East Carroll Parish in eight numbers. Each links to its section below.

Tornadoes since 1950

34

37th of 64 in Louisiana

About as many as the typical Louisiana county

Details

Tropical cyclones within 50 mi

11

59th of 64 in Louisiana

None at hurricane strength since 1851

Details

Flood insurance claims

116

54th of 64 in Louisiana

$2.0 million paid since 1979

Details

Strongest tornado

F5

February 21, 1971, 109.2 mile path

Strongest tropical cyclone

TS

Tropical storm (unnamed), 1888, 9.5 miles away

Federal disaster declarations

32

Most recent: Severe Winter Storm, 2026

Details

Record high

108°F

Reached 2 times, most recently August 31, 2000

Details

Record low

8°F

Reached 2 times, most recently January 17, 2024

Details

Tornadoes

About one every 2.2 years since 1950, 4 of them rated F3/EF3 or stronger.

Strongest

February 21, 1971

F5, 109.2 mile path

500 yards wide; 47 killed along the whole path.

Most recent

Saturday, December 28, 2024

EF1, 17.9 mile path

2 years ago.

Tornadoes by decade Doppler radar era² 1950s: 6 6 1960s: 2 2 1970s: 7 7 1980s: 7 7 1990s: 5 5 2000s: 2 2 2010s: 2 2 2020s: 3 3 1950s1960s1970s1980s1990s2000s2010s2020s
Recorded tornadoes per decade. The 2020s are incomplete.
Tornadoes by month J: 2 F: 3 M: 6 A: 10 10 M: 5 J: 1 J: 0 A: 0 S: 2 O: 0 N: 3 D: 2 JFMAMJJASOND
By month of occurrence, all years.

Every recorded tornado

Tornadoes in East Carroll Parish since 1950
Dec 28, 2024EF117.930000
Dec 28, 2024EF116.228000
Apr 12, 2020EF01.217000
Apr 18, 2013EF12.97500
Apr 26, 2011EF211.088000
Jun 18, 2007EF11.840000
Sep 24, 2005F01.05000
Jan 8, 1999F01.05000
May 2, 1997F113.040000
Apr 22, 1995F01.55000
Mar 9, 1992F10.77350
Nov 19, 1991F20.710060
Nov 3, 1988F10.21000
May 7, 1984F31.010000
May 2, 1984F27.015040
Nov 14, 1983F12.015000
Apr 1, 1983F34.015000
Apr 8, 1982F10.15000
Mar 20, 1980F118.03300
Mar 3, 1977F138.01000
Apr 30, 1975F20.52700
Mar 23, 1975F20.15000
Jan 9, 1975F218.05060
May 31, 1974F112.83300
Sep 5, 1973F227.810040
Feb 21, 1971F5109.250051047
Apr 17, 1969F12.06700
Apr 30, 1962F120.913310
Apr 24, 1958F258.73000
Feb 26, 1958F25.75000
May 17, 1953F341.6100170
Mar 22, 1953F2234.7200222
Mar 27, 1950F115.31720
Feb 12, 1950F10.53300
  1. Injuries and deaths are for the tornado’s whole path, which may extend beyond the county. Deaths recorded within East Carroll Parish: 0.
  2. Weak tornadoes were under-recorded before Doppler radar coverage became national in the early 1990s, so earlier decades read low. Ratings use the Fujita scale before February 2007 and the Enhanced Fujita scale after.

Storm Prediction Center severe weather database, 1950 to 2025.

Hurricanes and tropical storms

11 passed within 50 miles since 1851; none at hurricane strength.

Strongest within 50 miles

August 20, 1888

Unnamed storm, Tropical storm

9.5 miles at closest approach, winds near 71 mph.

Most recent

August 30, 2021

Ida, Tropical storm

39.3 miles at closest approach.

Tropical cyclones within 50 miles by decade 50s: 0 60s: 1 70s: 0 80s: 1 90s: 0 00s: 2 2 10s: 0 20s: 1 30s: 2 40s: 0 50s: 1 60s: 1 70s: 0 80s: 1 90s: 0 00s: 0 10s: 0 20s: 1 50s60s70s80s90s00s10s20s30s40s50s60s70s80s90s00s10s20s
Storms within 50 miles, by decade. Records before about 1900 miss storms that never reached land or ships.

Every storm within 100 miles

Tropical cyclones within 100 miles
Ida202139.3Tropical storm39Category 4
Laura202085.9Tropical storm63Category 4
Olga201966.4Post-tropical51Tropical storm
Isaac201262.8Tropical storm39Category 1
Isidore200275.9Tropical storm46Category 3
Elena198548.6Tropical storm52Category 3
Edith197180.7Tropical storm52Category 4
Camille196958.6Tropical storm71Category 5
Betsy196537.5Tropical storm48Category 4
Audrey195712.9Tropical storm48Category 3
Unnamed193419.4Tropical storm48Category 2
Unnamed193221.6Tropical storm43Tropical storm
Unnamed193278.0Tropical storm40Category 1
Unnamed19230.9Tropical storm54Category 1
Unnamed192070.8Tropical storm46Category 2
Unnamed191651.9Tropical storm46Category 3
Unnamed191597.9Tropical storm61Category 4
Unnamed19097.2Tropical storm71Category 3
Unnamed190692.9Tropical storm49Category 3
Unnamed19050.0Tropical storm40Tropical storm
Unnamed18889.5Tropical storm71Category 3
Unnamed188693.4Tropical storm40Category 3
Unnamed188698.3Tropical storm44Category 2
Unnamed187965.1Tropical storm60Category 3
Unnamed186035.2Tropical storm55Category 2
Unnamed185685.9Tropical storm46Category 4
  1. Tropical storms and hurricanes (34 kt or more, still tropical) at closest approach. Post-tropical remnants with gale-force winds are listed but not counted. Direct: track within 50 miles; near: within 100 miles. Distance is measured to the county boundary for counties and to the city centre for cities, using positions interpolated hourly between HURDAT2 fixes.

National Hurricane Center HURDAT2, 1851 to 2025.

Wildfire and smoke

No large wildfire has been mapped here since satellite mapping began in 1984.

Smoke overhead

Smokiest year

2023: 65 days

Heavy smoke on 2 days in 2023, the most of any year.

Last 10 years

14.6 days a year

Medium or heavy smoke, 2016 to 2025.

2025

8 days

Medium or heavy smoke. 31 so far in 2026.

Days with medium or heavy smoke overhead, by year 2011: 10 2012: 7 2013: 2 2014: 2 2015: 1 2016: 0 2017: 2 2018: 4 2019: 4 2020: 5 2021: 22 2022: 27 2023: 65 65 2024: 9 2025: 8 201120122013201420152016201720182019202020212022202320242025
Days each year on which a satellite-traced plume of medium or heavy smoke covered the county’s population centre, 2011 to 2025.
  1. A smoke day is a date on which a smoke plume traced by NOAA Hazard Mapping System analysts from satellite imagery covered this place's point (the county's population centre or the city centre). Counts here are of medium or heavy smoke. Since 2018 analysts have often drawn light smoke as one area over most of the continent, so light-smoke counts are not comparable from year to year. The plumes show smoke anywhere in the air above, not air quality at the ground, and smoke hidden by cloud is missed.

NOAA Hazard Mapping System smoke analysis, 2011 to 2026, retrieved October 30, 2026.

Floods and flood insurance

116 federal flood insurance claims since 1979, with $2.0 million paid.

Federal flood insurance claims by year 1979: 5 1982: 5 1991: 5 1995: 7 1997: 7 2008: 17 2011: 24 24 2016: 9 19792008
Claims per year since 1979. Years with fewer than five claims are not shown.

Most claims in one year

2011: 24 claims

$629,000 paid.

2nd most

2008: 17 claims

$426,000 paid.

3rd most

2016: 9 claims

$334,000 paid.

Claims by ZIP code

Flood insurance claims by ZIP code
7125476$1.3 million
7128616$640,000
7127610$41,000
7$15,000

Flood events since 1996

  • Flash Flood27
  • Flood5
  • Heavy Rain1

This product uses the Federal Emergency Management Agency's OpenFEMA API, but is not endorsed by FEMA. The Federal Government or FEMA cannot vouch for the data or analyses derived from these data after the data have been retrieved from the Agency's website(s).

OpenFEMA NFIP Redacted Claims v3, refreshed August 4, 2026. NOAA Storm Events through 2026.

Drought

In severe drought or worse for 100 of 1,581 months since 1895 (6%); the longest spell lasted 18 months.

100

Months in severe drought or worse since 1895

21

Months in extreme drought

6%

Share of all months, severe or worse

16

Drought reports to the Weather Service since 1996

Lowest reading

August 1925

−5.18, extreme drought

Longest severe spell

18 months

June 2010 to November 2011.

Latest month

September 2026

−2.97, moderate drought

Last severe month: April 2026.

Months in severe drought or worse, by year 1895: 0 1896: 6 1897: 11 11 1898: 0 1899: 0 1900: 0 1901: 0 1902: 0 1903: 0 1904: 0 1905: 0 1906: 0 1907: 0 1908: 0 1909: 0 1910: 0 1911: 0 1912: 0 1913: 0 1914: 0 1915: 0 1916: 0 1917: 0 1918: 3 1919: 0 1920: 0 1921: 0 1922: 0 1923: 0 1924: 3 1925: 7 1926: 0 1927: 0 1928: 0 1929: 0 1930: 0 1931: 0 1932: 0 1933: 0 1934: 0 1935: 0 1936: 6 1937: 0 1938: 0 1939: 0 1940: 0 1941: 0 1942: 0 1943: 6 1944: 0 1945: 0 1946: 0 1947: 0 1948: 0 1949: 0 1950: 0 1951: 0 1952: 6 1953: 1 1954: 8 1955: 1 1956: 0 1957: 0 1958: 0 1959: 0 1960: 1 1961: 0 1962: 0 1963: 5 1964: 0 1965: 0 1966: 0 1967: 2 1968: 0 1969: 0 1970: 0 1971: 0 1972: 0 1973: 0 1974: 0 1975: 0 1976: 0 1977: 0 1978: 0 1979: 0 1980: 0 1981: 5 1982: 2 1983: 0 1984: 0 1985: 0 1986: 2 1987: 0 1988: 0 1989: 0 1990: 0 1991: 0 1992: 0 1993: 0 1994: 0 1995: 0 1996: 0 1997: 0 1998: 0 1999: 0 2000: 1 2001: 0 2002: 0 2003: 0 2004: 0 2005: 0 2006: 3 2007: 0 2008: 0 2009: 0 2010: 7 2011: 11 2012: 0 2013: 0 2014: 0 2015: 0 2016: 0 2017: 0 2018: 0 2019: 0 2020: 0 2021: 0 2022: 0 2023: 1 2024: 0 2025: 0 18951905191519251935194519551965197519851995200520152025
Months each year with a Palmer index of −3 or lower, 1895 to 2025. Twelve means the whole year.
  1. The Palmer Drought Severity Index is computed by NOAA each month from the county's average temperature and precipitation, relative to the county's own climate. Zero is normal; -3 or lower is severe drought and -4 or lower extreme drought. It describes the long-term balance of moisture, not water supply or crop losses.

NOAA NCEI nClimDiv county Palmer Drought Severity Index, 1895 to September 2026, issued October 6, 2026.

Earthquakes

1 earthquake of magnitude 4 or more within 50 miles since 1900; the largest was magnitude 4.3 in 1967.

0

Magnitude 2.5+ inside the county since 1973

2

Magnitude 3+ within 50 miles since 1973

1

Magnitude 4+ within 50 miles since 1900

0

Magnitude 5+ within 50 miles since 1900

Largest within 50 miles

June 4, 1967

Magnitude 4.3

7 km SW of Shaw, Mississippi; 42.0 miles away, 3.7 miles deep.

Most recent, magnitude 3 or more

January 8, 2019

Magnitude 3.7

8 km WNW of Hollandale, Mississippi; 17.4 miles away.

Every earthquake of magnitude 4 or more within 50 miles

Earthquakes of magnitude 4 or more within 50 miles
Jun 4, 19674.342.03.77 km SW of Shaw, Mississippi
  1. Earthquakes of magnitude 2.5 or more in the USGS Comprehensive Catalog since 1900. Within 50 miles means the epicentre lies within 50 miles of the county boundary (or inside the county).
  2. Small earthquakes were under-recorded before the modern seismic networks of the 1970s and are still missed in remote areas, so early decades read low. Magnitudes are as the catalogue reports them and mix scales (moment, local and body-wave).

USGS ANSS Comprehensive Earthquake Catalog, 1900 to present, retrieved October 30, 2026.

Severe weather and other events

367 events in the National Weather Service record, 253 of them since 1996.

56

Hail reports, 1 inch or larger

5

Hail, 2 inches or larger

97

Damaging gusts, 58 mph+

21

Winter weather events since 1996

4

Heat events since 1996

2

Cold events since 1996

Largest hail

April 20, 1995

2.75 inches

Strongest measured or estimated gust

April 4, 2008

92 mph

More event types since 1996

Other Storm Events types since 1996
Lightning200Mar 9, 2010

Costliest events since 1996

  1. May 10, 2009Thunderstorm Wind$700 million
    National Weather Service narrative

    A swath of damaging winds north of Lake Providence caused numerous trees, power poles, and power lines to have been blown down. Substantial damage occurred to the Shelburn Fire Station and numerous homes were damaged. A tree fell on a house on Highland Road.

  2. May 6, 2011Flood$12.0 million
    National Weather Service narrative

    Flooding along the Mississippi River caused extensive flooding of low lying farmland around the river. All of the flood waters were within the mainline levee. The secondary levee at Bunches Bend failed causing extensive damage inside the levee. Twenty camps and 3 homes were either damaged or destroyed. Several roads sustained minor to major damage.

  3. Sep 3, 2008Flash Flood$3.0 million
    National Weather Service narrative

    During the late afternoon of the 3rd, another heavy band of storms developed across the region and produced another 3 to 5 inches of rainfall. This rain fell on already soaked and flooded land. This new rainfall flooded around several homes and numerous roads. Crops were also damaged by additional rainfall.

  4. Sep 3, 2008Flash Flood$1.5 million
    National Weather Service narrative

    Heavy rainfall fell across all of East Carroll Parish as persistent rain bands continued to impact the area from weakening Hurricane Gustav. Rainfall amounts between 7 and 13 inches fell across the parish, mostly during the evening of the 2nd and early morning of the 3rd.||Numerous roads were flooded with some washed out. Agriculture was extremely hard hit as farmland was flooded and crops became water logged. Many areas saw total loss of some crops while other areas experienced very low yields. Cotton, soybeans and sweet potatoes were some of the hardest hit crops.

  5. May 15, 2008Flash Flood$1.2 million
    National Weather Service narrative

    Heavy rainfall, between 4 and 7 inches, fell across most of northern East Carrol Parish, with Lake Providence being especially hard hit. Many streets around town were under water with water entering a housing complex which caused damage to several units. A school complex also had taken on water with several classrooms damaged. Additionally, many roads across the northern portion of the parish were under water along with many farm fields partially flooded. The flooded fields caused some crop damage to the young plants.

  6. Jun 18, 2007Tornado$700,000
    National Weather Service narrative

    This tornado touched down about 1/2 a mile south of the lake shore. Damage consisted of numerous trees uprooted, snapped or had large limbs torn off. Many power lines were also taken down by the trees and large limbs. Most of the trees were laid to the north/northeast with about 25% of them down to the southeast/east, opposite of the storm motion. The most concentrated damage occurred along the south end of the lake shore where a small cluster of cypress trees were snapped or had many large limbs torn off. The tornado then moved across the lake and to a point at the mouth of the chute. Here, many more trees, limbs and power lines were damaged or torn down along with shingles taken…

  7. Apr 6, 2003Flash Flood$500,000
    National Weather Service narrative

    Several rounds of thunderstorms dumped 5 to 7 inches of rain across portions of East Carroll Parish. This heavy rain caused numerous roads to be flooded. In addition to flooded roads, several homes were flooded.

  8. Apr 26, 2011Tornado$400,000
    National Weather Service narrative

    This tornado touched down in the Darnell Community and tracked into East Carroll Parish before dissipating. Eight power poles were snapped and several sheds/barns had roof damage with two destroyed. Two grain storage bins were severely damaged and siding damage occurred to a volunteer fire dept building in the Bowie Community in East Carroll Parish. Additionally, numerous trees and power lines were snapped and uprooted along the path. Maximum winds were around 115 mph. Total path length was 11 miles.

  9. Dec 22, 1998Ice Storm, East Carroll$400,000
  10. Aug 29, 2005Hurricane (Typhoon), East Carroll$400,000
    National Weather Service narrative

    See detailed narrative in Central Mississippi section.

  1. Storm Events records before 1996 cover only tornadoes, thunderstorm wind and hail. Damage figures are as reported by the National Weather Service at the time, not adjusted for inflation.

NOAA NCEI Storm Events Database, 1950 to 2026, issued October 26, 2026.

Weather records

From Tallulah Vicksburg Regional Airport, 30 miles from the county’s population centre, with records from 1996.

All-time high
108°F2 times, most recently Aug 31, 2000
All-time low
8°F2 times, most recently Jan 17, 2024
Warmest night
82°FAug 10, 2023
Coldest day
24°FFeb 15, 2021
Wettest day
7.01 inApr 2, 2017
Hottest year
2023mean 68.7°F
Coldest year
2014mean 63.2°F
Wettest year
200471.84 in
Driest year
200732.85 in
Average monthly high and low temperature and precipitation, last 30 years, Tallulah Vicksburg Regional Airport 32°F 58° 37° 4.8 Jan 62° 41° 4.4 Feb 71° 48° 4.5 Mar 77° 55° 5.2 Apr 85° 63° 4.0 May 91° 70° 3.7 Jun 93° 72° 3.6 Jul 93° 71° 3.5 Aug 89° 66° 2.8 Sep 80° 53° 3.5 Oct 69° 44° 3.7 Nov 61° 39° 4.7 Dec Precipitation, inches
Average daily high and low by month, and average monthly precipitation, over the last 30 years.
Days reaching 95°F per year 1997: 22 1998: 42 1999: 37 2000: 62 2001: 29 2002: 13 2003: 13 2004: 5 2005: 28 2006: 36 2007: 33 2008: 22 2009: 24 2010: 57 2011: 69 69 2012: 35 2013: 27 2014: 8 2015: 37 2016: 53 2017: 7 2018: 22 2019: 49 2020: 35 2021: 41 2022: 43 2023: 56 2024: 50 2025: 60 199720072017
Days reaching 95°F each complete year, last 50 years. Thirty-year average: 35.0.

Station Tallulah Vicksburg Regional Airport (USW00003996), 83 ft elevation, 30.0 miles from the population centre. Daily records from 1996 to October 25, 2026; 99.3% of days in the last 30 years are complete. Records at a single station can differ from a city’s official threaded record, which may combine several stations.

NOAA NCEI Global Historical Climatology Network Daily.

Federal disaster declarations

32 since 1953. The most recent: Severe Winter Storm, February 18, 2026.

Federal disaster declarations
Feb 18, 2026Winter StormSevere Winter StormMajor disasterDR-4900-LA
Jan 24, 2026Winter StormSevere Winter StormEmergencyEM-3638-LA
Sep 10, 2024HurricaneTropical Storm FrancineEmergencyEM-3614-LA
Sep 13, 2021Coastal StormTropical Storm NicholasEmergencyEM-3574-LA
Aug 29, 2021HurricaneHurricane IdaMajor disasterDR-4611-LA
Aug 27, 2021HurricaneTropical Storm IdaEmergencyEM-3568-LA
Mar 9, 2021Severe Ice StormSevere Winter StormsMajor disasterDR-4590-LA
Feb 18, 2021Severe Ice StormSevere Winter StormEmergencyEM-3556-LA
Oct 27, 2020HurricaneTropical Storm ZetaEmergencyEM-3549-LA
Oct 16, 2020HurricaneHurricane DeltaMajor disasterDR-4570-LA
Oct 7, 2020HurricaneHurricane DeltaEmergencyEM-3547-LA
Sep 14, 2020HurricaneHurricane SallyEmergencyEM-3543-LA
Aug 28, 2020HurricaneHurricane LauraMajor disasterDR-4559-LA
Aug 23, 2020HurricaneTropical Storms Laura and MarcoEmergencyEM-3538-LA
Jun 7, 2020Coastal StormTropical Storm CristobalEmergencyEM-3527-LA
Mar 24, 2020BiologicalCovid-19 PandemicMajor disasterDR-4484-LA
Mar 13, 2020BiologicalCovid-19EmergencyEM-3459-LA
Sep 19, 2019FloodFloodingMajor disasterDR-4462-LA
Mar 13, 2016FloodSevere Storms and FloodingMajor disasterDR-4263-LA
Feb 22, 2013Severe StormSevere Storms and FloodingMajor disasterDR-4102-LA
Aug 29, 2012HurricaneHurricane IsaacMajor disasterDR-4080-LA
Aug 18, 2011FloodFloodingMajor disasterDR-4015-LA
May 6, 2011FloodFloodingEmergencyEM-3322-LA
Sep 2, 2008HurricaneHurricane GustavMajor disasterDR-1786-LA
Aug 29, 2008HurricaneHurricane GustavEmergencyEM-3289-LA
Sep 24, 2005HurricaneHurricane RitaMajor disasterDR-1607-LA
Sep 21, 2005HurricaneHurricane RitaEmergencyEM-3260-LA
Aug 29, 2005HurricaneHurricane KatrinaMajor disasterDR-1603-LA
Aug 27, 2005HurricaneHurricane KatrinaEmergencyEM-3212-LA
Jan 21, 1999Severe StormSevere Ice StormMajor disasterDR-1264-LA
May 3, 1991Severe StormSevere Storms, Tornadoes & FloodingMajor disasterDR-904-LA
Apr 27, 1973FloodSevere Storms & FloodingMajor disasterDR-374-LA

This product uses the Federal Emergency Management Agency's OpenFEMA API, but is not endorsed by FEMA. The Federal Government or FEMA cannot vouch for the data or analyses derived from these data after the data have been retrieved from the Agency's website(s).

OpenFEMA Disaster Declarations Summaries, retrieved October 30, 2026. Statewide declarations are not listed.

How this compares

Where East Carroll Parish stands among 64 counties in Louisiana and 3,143 in the United States.

Ranks
Tornadoes since 19503437 / 64841 / 3,143
Tornadoes rated F3/EF3 or stronger413 / 64387 / 3,143
Tropical cyclones within 50 mi1159 / 64738 / 3,143
Hurricane-strength passes within 50 mi0——
Wildfire acres since 19840——
Flood insurance claims11654 / 641,210 / 3,143
Flood insurance paid$2.0 million56 / 641,156 / 3,143
Disaster declarations3260 / 64305 / 3,143
Flood events since 19963344 / 641,981 / 3,143
Hail and wind events since 199615837 / 642,308 / 3,143
Winter storm events since 19962123 / 642,615 / 3,143
Reported damage since 1996$725 million24 / 64126 / 3,143
River crests at major flood stage0——
High tide flooding days a year, last 10 years0.0——
Months in severe drought since 189510036 / 642,370 / 3,143
Medium or heavy smoke days a year, last 10 years14.65 / 641,664 / 3,143
Earthquakes M4+ within 50 mi since 1900115 / 641,397 / 3,143
Earthquakes M2.5+ in the county since 19730——

Neighbouring counties

Neighbouring counties
Chicot County AR4380153
Issaquena County MS25120127
Madison Parish64140250
Richland Parish41140473
Warren County MS681602,690
West Carroll Parish3311063

Sources and vintage

Every number on this page comes from these public records.

  • Tornadoes NOAA Storm Prediction Center severe weather database, through 2025.
  • Tropical cyclones NOAA National Hurricane Center HURDAT2 (Atlantic; Northeast and Central Pacific), through 2025.
  • Wildfire USGS/USFS Monitoring Trends in Burn Severity, through 2026.
  • Storm events NOAA NCEI Storm Events Database, through 2026.
  • Flood insurance OpenFEMA NFIP Redacted Claims v3, refreshed August 4, 2026.
  • Declarations OpenFEMA Disaster Declarations Summaries v2, retrieved October 30, 2026.
  • Weather records NOAA NCEI Global Historical Climatology Network Daily, station USW00003996.
  • River crests NOAA National Weather Service, National Water Prediction Service river gauges, retrieved October 30, 2026.
  • Drought NOAA NCEI nClimDiv county Palmer Drought Severity Index, through September 2026.
  • Smoke NOAA NESDIS Hazard Mapping System smoke analysis, retrieved October 30, 2026.
  • Earthquakes USGS ANSS Comprehensive Earthquake Catalog (ComCat), retrieved October 30, 2026.

Joins, thresholds and known limits are set out in the methodology. Found an error? Report it. Page built October 30, 2026.