Tate County

Population 28,725 (2025) 405 sq mi

Tate County has recorded 16 tornadoes since 1950, 78th most of 82 counties in Mississippi; the most recent was on April 2, 2025.

Hazard fingerprint for Tate County Tornado: 51th percentile. Tropical: 46th percentile. Wildfire: 17th percentile. Flood: 47th percentile. Hail & wind: 38th percentile. Heat: 98th percentile. Cold: 53th percentile. Winter: 29th percentile. TORTROPFIREFLOODSEVEREHEATCOLDWINTER

Hazard fingerprint Each spoke is this county’s percentile among U.S. counties where that hazard occurs. How it is computed

2026
  • Tornado damage paths since 195016
  • Tropical cyclone tracks within 100 miles since 1851, wider where stronger14
  • Wildfire burn scars since 19841

At a glance

The record for Tate County in eight numbers. Each links to its section below.

Tornadoes since 1950

16

78th of 82 in Mississippi

Fewer than the typical Mississippi county, which has had 36

Details

Flood insurance claims

38

54th of 82 in Mississippi

$1.5 million paid since 1978

Details

Tropical cyclones within 50 mi

7

81st of 82 in Mississippi

None at hurricane strength since 1851

Details

Acres burned since 1984

812

27th of 82 in Mississippi

1 large fire; the largest was Unnamed, 2000

Details

Strongest tornado

EF4

December 23, 2015, 75.1 mile path

Strongest tropical cyclone

TS

Tropical storm (unnamed), 1888, 1.6 miles away

Largest earthquake within 50 mi

4.8magnitude

September 16, 1938, 45.4 miles away

Details

Federal disaster declarations

17

Most recent: Severe Winter Storm, 2026

Details

Tornadoes

About one every 4.8 years since 1950, 2 of them rated F3/EF3 or stronger.

Strongest

December 23, 2015

EF4, 75.1 mile path

1,300 yards wide; 9 killed along the whole path.

Most recent

Wednesday, April 2, 2025

EF3, 12.2 mile path

Within the past year.

Tornadoes by decade Doppler radar era² 1950s: 0 1960s: 2 2 1970s: 2 2 1980s: 3 3 1990s: 1 1 2000s: 1 1 2010s: 3 3 2020s: 4 4 1950s1960s1970s1980s1990s2000s2010s2020s
Recorded tornadoes per decade. The 2020s are incomplete.
Tornadoes by month J: 3 F: 0 M: 1 A: 3 M: 2 J: 0 J: 1 A: 1 S: 0 O: 0 N: 1 D: 4 4 JFMAMJJASOND
By month of occurrence, all years.

Every recorded tornado

Tornadoes in Tate County since 1950
Apr 2, 2025EF312.265020
Mar 27, 2021EF12.010000
Jan 11, 2020EF07.215000
Jan 11, 2020EF111.320000
Dec 23, 2015EF475.11,300369
Dec 21, 2013EF00.710000
Dec 21, 2013EF16.220000
Nov 24, 2001F243.5300333
Jan 21, 1999F07.0000
Dec 27, 1988F11.54000
Apr 29, 1984F15.07700
Apr 8, 1980F20.710000
Aug 15, 1977F00.11000
May 29, 1975F20.11300
May 16, 1968F10.11000
Jul 5, 1967F111.41000
  1. Injuries and deaths are for the tornado’s whole path, which may extend beyond the county. Deaths recorded within Tate County: 0.
  2. Weak tornadoes were under-recorded before Doppler radar coverage became national in the early 1990s, so earlier decades read low. Ratings use the Fujita scale before February 2007 and the Enhanced Fujita scale after.

Storm Prediction Center severe weather database, 1950 to 2025.

Hurricanes and tropical storms

7 passed within 50 miles since 1851; none at hurricane strength.

Strongest within 50 miles

August 20, 1888

Unnamed storm, Tropical storm

1.6 miles at closest approach, winds near 64 mph.

Most recent

October 26, 2019

Olga, Post-tropical

7.8 miles at closest approach.

Tropical cyclones within 50 miles by decade 50s: 0 60s: 1 1 70s: 0 80s: 1 90s: 0 00s: 1 10s: 0 20s: 1 30s: 1 40s: 0 50s: 1 60s: 1 70s: 0 80s: 0 90s: 0 00s: 0 10s: 0 20s: 0 50s60s70s80s90s00s10s20s30s40s50s60s70s80s90s00s10s20s
Storms within 50 miles, by decade. Records before about 1900 miss storms that never reached land or ships.

Every storm within 100 miles

Tropical cyclones within 100 miles
Olga20197.8Post-tropical48Tropical storm
Katrina200568.1Tropical storm44Category 5
Camille19690.0Tropical storm40Category 5
Audrey195718.2Tropical storm41Category 3
Baker195055.6Tropical storm40Category 2
Unnamed194191.9Tropical storm40Category 3
Unnamed193428.9Tropical storm40Category 2
Unnamed192328.8Tropical storm43Tropical storm
Unnamed192360.4Tropical storm52Category 1
Unnamed191654.0Tropical storm46Category 3
Unnamed191598.1Post-tropical46Category 4
Unnamed190962.3Tropical storm48Category 3
Unnamed19060.0Tropical storm46Category 3
Unnamed18881.6Tropical storm64Category 3
Unnamed187998.9Tropical storm44Category 3
Unnamed186023.3Tropical storm46Category 2
  1. Tropical storms and hurricanes (34 kt or more, still tropical) at closest approach. Post-tropical remnants with gale-force winds are listed but not counted. Direct: track within 50 miles; near: within 100 miles. Distance is measured to the county boundary for counties and to the city centre for cities, using positions interpolated hourly between HURDAT2 fixes.

National Hurricane Center HURDAT2, 1851 to 2025.

Wildfire and smoke

812 acres burned in 1 large fire since 1984, equal to 0.3% of the land.

Largest

September 4, 2000

Unnamed Fire, 811 acres

812 acres inside Tate County.

Most recent

September 4, 2000

Unnamed Fire

811 acres in total.

Acres burned since 1984, cumulative 2000: 812 812 acres 198519901995200020052010201520202025
Running total of acres burned inside the county (line) and each year’s acres (bars).

Every large fire

Large wildfires since 1984
Unnamed2000812811
  1. Large fires mapped by the Monitoring Trends in Burn Severity program since 1984: 1,000 acres or more in the West, 500 or more in the East. Prescribed burns are excluded. Acres here are the part of each perimeter inside this place.

Monitoring Trends in Burn Severity (USGS and U.S. Forest Service), 1984 to 2026.

Smoke overhead

Smokiest year

2023: 64 days

Heavy smoke on 5 days in 2021, the most of any year.

Last 10 years

15.7 days a year

Medium or heavy smoke, 2016 to 2025.

2025

10 days

Medium or heavy smoke. 40 so far in 2026.

Days with medium or heavy smoke overhead, by year 2011: 7 2012: 8 2013: 4 2014: 2 2015: 4 2016: 0 2017: 4 2018: 4 2019: 1 2020: 8 2021: 29 2022: 24 2023: 64 64 2024: 13 2025: 10 201120122013201420152016201720182019202020212022202320242025
Days each year on which a satellite-traced plume of medium or heavy smoke covered the county’s population centre, 2011 to 2025.
  1. A smoke day is a date on which a smoke plume traced by NOAA Hazard Mapping System analysts from satellite imagery covered this place's point (the county's population centre or the city centre). Counts here are of medium or heavy smoke. Since 2018 analysts have often drawn light smoke as one area over most of the continent, so light-smoke counts are not comparable from year to year. The plumes show smoke anywhere in the air above, not air quality at the ground, and smoke hidden by cloud is missed.

NOAA Hazard Mapping System smoke analysis, 2011 to 2026, retrieved October 30, 2026.

Floods and flood insurance

38 federal flood insurance claims since 1978, with $1.5 million paid.

Federal flood insurance claims by year 2020: 5 5 2020
Claims per year since 1978. Years with fewer than five claims are not shown.

Most claims in one year

2020: 5 claims

$410,000 paid.

Claims by ZIP code

Flood insurance claims by ZIP code
3861816$875,000
3866511$276,000
386688$312,000

Flood events since 1996

  • Flash Flood25
  • Flood4
  • Heavy Rain1

2 deaths recorded in flood events since 1996.

This product uses the Federal Emergency Management Agency's OpenFEMA API, but is not endorsed by FEMA. The Federal Government or FEMA cannot vouch for the data or analyses derived from these data after the data have been retrieved from the Agency's website(s).

OpenFEMA NFIP Redacted Claims v3, refreshed August 4, 2026. NOAA Storm Events through 2026.

Drought

In severe drought or worse for 74 of 1,581 months since 1895 (5%); the longest spell lasted 11 months.

74

Months in severe drought or worse since 1895

14

Months in extreme drought

5%

Share of all months, severe or worse

24

Drought reports to the Weather Service since 1996

Lowest reading

November 1954

−5.07, extreme drought

Longest severe spell

11 months

March 1954 to January 1955.

Latest month

September 2026

−2.79, moderate drought

Last severe month: April 2026.

Months in severe drought or worse, by year 1895: 0 1896: 4 1897: 3 1898: 0 1899: 0 1900: 0 1901: 1 1902: 0 1903: 0 1904: 0 1905: 0 1906: 0 1907: 0 1908: 0 1909: 0 1910: 0 1911: 0 1912: 0 1913: 0 1914: 2 1915: 0 1916: 0 1917: 0 1918: 5 1919: 0 1920: 0 1921: 0 1922: 0 1923: 0 1924: 0 1925: 6 1926: 3 1927: 0 1928: 0 1929: 0 1930: 2 1931: 1 1932: 0 1933: 0 1934: 0 1935: 0 1936: 3 1937: 0 1938: 0 1939: 0 1940: 0 1941: 2 1942: 0 1943: 7 1944: 1 1945: 0 1946: 0 1947: 0 1948: 0 1949: 0 1950: 0 1951: 0 1952: 1 1953: 5 1954: 10 10 1955: 1 1956: 0 1957: 0 1958: 0 1959: 0 1960: 0 1961: 0 1962: 0 1963: 0 1964: 0 1965: 0 1966: 1 1967: 0 1968: 0 1969: 0 1970: 0 1971: 0 1972: 0 1973: 0 1974: 0 1975: 0 1976: 0 1977: 0 1978: 0 1979: 0 1980: 0 1981: 0 1982: 0 1983: 0 1984: 0 1985: 0 1986: 2 1987: 0 1988: 0 1989: 0 1990: 0 1991: 0 1992: 0 1993: 0 1994: 0 1995: 0 1996: 0 1997: 0 1998: 0 1999: 0 2000: 3 2001: 0 2002: 0 2003: 0 2004: 0 2005: 0 2006: 0 2007: 5 2008: 1 2009: 0 2010: 0 2011: 0 2012: 3 2013: 0 2014: 0 2015: 0 2016: 0 2017: 0 2018: 0 2019: 0 2020: 0 2021: 0 2022: 0 2023: 0 2024: 0 2025: 0 18951905191519251935194519551965197519851995200520152025
Months each year with a Palmer index of −3 or lower, 1895 to 2025. Twelve means the whole year.
  1. The Palmer Drought Severity Index is computed by NOAA each month from the county's average temperature and precipitation, relative to the county's own climate. Zero is normal; -3 or lower is severe drought and -4 or lower extreme drought. It describes the long-term balance of moisture, not water supply or crop losses.

NOAA NCEI nClimDiv county Palmer Drought Severity Index, 1895 to September 2026, issued October 6, 2026.

Earthquakes

1 earthquake of magnitude 4 or more within 50 miles since 1900; the largest was magnitude 4.8 in 1938.

0

Magnitude 2.5+ inside the county since 1973

6

Magnitude 3+ within 50 miles since 1973

1

Magnitude 4+ within 50 miles since 1900

0

Magnitude 5+ within 50 miles since 1900

Largest within 50 miles

September 16, 1938

Magnitude 4.8

2 km E of Gilmore, Arkansas; 45.4 miles away, 0.6 miles deep.

Most recent, magnitude 3 or more

August 7, 2015

Magnitude 3.0

16 km W of Millington, Tennessee; 42.1 miles away.

Earthquakes of magnitude 3 or more within 50 miles, by year 1973: 0 1974: 0 1975: 0 1976: 0 1977: 1 1 1978: 0 1979: 0 1980: 0 1981: 1 1982: 0 1983: 0 1984: 0 1985: 0 1986: 0 1987: 0 1988: 0 1989: 0 1990: 0 1991: 0 1992: 0 1993: 0 1994: 0 1995: 0 1996: 0 1997: 0 1998: 0 1999: 0 2000: 0 2001: 0 2002: 1 2003: 0 2004: 0 2005: 0 2006: 0 2007: 0 2008: 1 2009: 0 2010: 0 2011: 0 2012: 1 2013: 0 2014: 0 2015: 1 2016: 0 2017: 0 2018: 0 2019: 0 2020: 0 2021: 0 2022: 0 2023: 0 2024: 0 2025: 0 19731978198319881993199820032008201320182023
Per year, 1973 to 2025.

Every earthquake of magnitude 4 or more within 50 miles

Earthquakes of magnitude 4 or more within 50 miles
Sep 16, 19384.845.40.62 km E of Gilmore, Arkansas
  1. Earthquakes of magnitude 2.5 or more in the USGS Comprehensive Catalog since 1900. Within 50 miles means the epicentre lies within 50 miles of the county boundary (or inside the county).
  2. Small earthquakes were under-recorded before the modern seismic networks of the 1970s and are still missed in remote areas, so early decades read low. Magnitudes are as the catalogue reports them and mix scales (moment, local and body-wave).

USGS ANSS Comprehensive Earthquake Catalog, 1900 to present, retrieved October 30, 2026.

Severe weather and other events

414 events in the National Weather Service record, 387 of them since 1996.

35

Hail reports, 1 inch or larger

4

Hail, 2 inches or larger

69

Damaging gusts, 58 mph+

41

Winter weather events since 1996

129

Heat events since 1996

11

Cold events since 1996

Largest hail

April 2, 2025

2.50 inches

Strongest measured or estimated gust

March 27, 2021

100 mph

More event types since 1996

Other Storm Events types since 1996
Lightning400Jun 1, 2026

Costliest events since 1996

  1. Jan 23, 2026Winter Storm, Tate$4.0 million
    National Weather Service narrative

    Sleet and snow accumulation of 4 to 6 inches. Less than 1/4 inch of ice accumulated over the southeast section of Tate County.

  2. Apr 2, 2025Tornado$2.0 million
    National Weather Service narrative

    A tornado touched down just west of Cypress Corner Road, uprooting several trees before continuing its northeast path towards Linwood. The tornado began to intensify along Brownsferry Road, snapping trunks of several trees. Further intensification continued where the worst of the damage occurred near Waverly Circle. One home had multiple walls collapsed, and another home had all of its walls collapsed onto the concrete slab. The One- or Two-Family Residence damage indicator indicated high-end EF3 damage consistent with wind speeds around 160 mph, given the materials used to fasten walls to the foundation. The tornado continued to track northeast and crossed Highway 4, west of…

  3. Nov 24, 2001Tornado$500,000
    National Weather Service narrative

    The tornado moved into the southwest part of Tate county from Panola county and lifted up northeast of Strayhorn. Numerous buildings were damaged or destroyed.

  4. Mar 10, 2016Flash Flood$300,000
    National Weather Service narrative

    Heavy rain result in flash flooding across Tate County. Highway 3 was closed just north of the intersection with Highway 4. Six homes were affected and eight people were displaced. Nineteen roads were closed and there was damage to the county courthouse and administration building.

  5. Dec 21, 2013Thunderstorm Wind$250,000
    National Weather Service narrative

    Straight line winds caused widespread damage across parts of Tate County especially Senatobia. Trees and power lines were knocked down in the city. Hundreds of homes had mainly shingle damage. Several mobile homes and businesses had major damage. A few agricultural buildings also had major damage. A car was blown off the roadway along Interstate 55 at Yellow Dog Road resulting in two injuries.

  6. Mar 27, 2021Tornado$200,000
    National Weather Service narrative

    The tornado caused tree and roof damage. Three mobile homes were destroyed as well as outbuildings. Approximately seventeen structures were damaged. Peak winds were estimated at 100 mph.

  7. Jul 30, 2009Flash Flood$150,000
    National Weather Service narrative

    Heavy rain produced flash flooding in Tate County. Fifteen homes were flooded as a result. Half of those homes were in the Golden Pond Subdivision, outside of Coldwater.

  8. Dec 21, 2013Tornado$125,000
    National Weather Service narrative

    A tornado tracked northeast from Panola County and caused roof damage at four homes near Hammond Hill Road. A two story home received damage when a covered porch was lifted and deposited on to the roof of the garage. Peak winds were estimated at 100 mph.

  9. Jan 31, 2026Cold/Wind Chill, Tate$100,000
    National Weather Service narrative

    A dry, mid-level shortwave aid in the push of another cold front in late January. Another arctic airmass residing behind this boundary resulting in another bitterly cold period. Cold temperatures combined with elevated northerly winds resulted in sub zero wind chill values across north Mississippi.

  10. Jun 1, 2026Lightning$100,000
    National Weather Service narrative

    A single-family home was struck by lightning, resulting in total loss of the structure.

  1. Storm Events records before 1996 cover only tornadoes, thunderstorm wind and hail. Damage figures are as reported by the National Weather Service at the time, not adjusted for inflation.

NOAA NCEI Storm Events Database, 1950 to 2026, issued October 26, 2026.

Weather records

From Hernando, 11.6 miles from the county’s population centre, with records from 1893.

All-time high
112°F2 times, most recently Aug 14, 2007
All-time low
−12°FJan 12, 1918
Warmest night
86°FJul 1, 1960
Coldest day
8°FJan 11, 1962
Wettest day
8.20 inJan 20, 1935
Snowiest day
12.0 inMar 23, 1968
Hottest year
1921mean 64.9°F
Coldest year
2014mean 58.8°F
Wettest year
201976.53 in
Driest year
190127.21 in
Snowiest season
23.0 in1946-47
Average monthly high and low temperature and precipitation, last 30 years, Hernando 32°F 51° 30° 4.0 Jan 55° 34° 4.7 Feb 65° 42° 5.8 Mar 74° 50° 5.0 Apr 81° 60° 5.2 May 89° 68° 4.2 Jun 91° 71° 3.9 Jul 91° 69° 3.0 Aug 87° 63° 2.9 Sep 76° 51° 3.9 Oct 63° 41° 4.0 Nov 54° 34° 4.6 Dec Precipitation, inches
Average daily high and low by month, and average monthly precipitation, over the last 30 years.
Days reaching 95°F per year 1976: 7 1977: 27 1978: 17 1979: 4 1980: 67 1981: 28 1982: 14 1983: 31 1984: 2 1985: 9 1986: 21 1987: 16 1988: 19 1989: 1 1990: 19 1991: 7 1992: 0 1993: 11 1994: 0 1996: 1 1998: 17 1999: 12 2000: 27 2001: 8 2004: 15 2006: 66 2007: 74 74 2009: 30 2012: 34 2013: 10 2014: 4 2015: 10 2016: 4 2017: 3 2018: 5 2019: 9 2020: 2 2021: 6 2022: 7 2023: 17 2024: 14 2025: 16 19761986199820142024
Days reaching 95°F each complete year, last 50 years. Thirty-year average: 17.0.
Snowfall by winter 1976: 3.0 in 1977: 12.4 in 1978: 3.3 in 1979: 2.5 in 1980: 0.0 in 1981: 5.6 in 1982: 1.1 in 1983: 2.9 in 1984: 21.3 in 21.3 1985: 0.0 in 1986: 0.0 in 1987: 12.0 in 1989: 1.8 in 1990: 0.0 in 1991: 2.0 in 1992: 0.0 in 1993: 1.0 in 1994: 2.3 in 1997: 3.1 in 1998: 1.0 in 1999: 5.5 in 2000: 1.7 in 2001: 0.0 in 2003: 0.0 in 2004: 1.0 in 2005: 3.4 in 2006: 1.6 in 2007: 6.0 in 2008: 0.5 in 2009: 7.2 in 2016: 0.6 in 2017: 2.0 in 2018: 0.0 in 2019: 0.0 in 2020: 0.0 in 2021: 0.0 in 2022: 0.0 in 2023: 2.9 in 2024: 5.4 in 2025: 2.7 in 1976198619992016
Total snowfall each winter (July to June), last 50 winters.

Median first snow

January 12

Earliest: November 8, 1991

Median last snow

January 26

Latest: March 23, 1968

24 of 77 winters had no measurable snow.

Station Hernando (USC00223975), 322 ft elevation, 11.6 miles from the population centre. Daily records from 1893 to October 27, 2026; 91.4% of days in the last 30 years are complete. Records at a single station can differ from a city’s official threaded record, which may combine several stations.

NOAA NCEI Global Historical Climatology Network Daily.

Federal disaster declarations

17 since 1953. The most recent: Severe Winter Storm, February 6, 2026.

Federal disaster declarations
Feb 6, 2026Winter StormSevere Winter StormMajor disasterDR-4899-MS
Jan 24, 2026Winter StormSevere Winter StormEmergencyEM-3640-MS
Oct 22, 2021HurricaneHurricane IdaMajor disasterDR-4626-MS
Aug 28, 2021HurricaneHurricane IdaEmergencyEM-3569-MS
Apr 16, 2020Severe StormSevere Storms, Tornadoes, Straight-Line Winds, and FloodingMajor disasterDR-4536-MS
Apr 5, 2020BiologicalCovid-19 PandemicMajor disasterDR-4528-MS
Mar 13, 2020BiologicalCovid-19EmergencyEM-3474-MS
Mar 25, 2016FloodSevere Storms and FloodingMajor disasterDR-4268-MS
Apr 29, 2011Severe StormSevere Storms, Tornadoes, Straight-Line Winds, and Associated FloodingMajor disasterDR-1972-MS
Aug 30, 2008HurricaneHurricane GustavEmergencyEM-3291-MS
Aug 29, 2005HurricaneHurricane KatrinaMajor disasterDR-1604-MS
Dec 7, 2001Severe StormSevere Storms, Tornadoes and FloodingMajor disasterDR-1398-MS
Feb 23, 2001Severe StormSevere Storms and TornadoesMajor disasterDR-1360-MS
Feb 18, 1994Severe StormSevere Winter Storm, Freeezing Rain and SleetMajor disasterDR-1009-MS
May 17, 1991Severe StormSevere Storms, Tornadoes & FloodingMajor disasterDR-906-MS
Feb 22, 1977SnowstormDrought & FreezingEmergencyEM-3032-MS
Mar 27, 1973Severe StormHeavy Rains, Tornadoes & FloodingMajor disasterDR-368-MS

This product uses the Federal Emergency Management Agency's OpenFEMA API, but is not endorsed by FEMA. The Federal Government or FEMA cannot vouch for the data or analyses derived from these data after the data have been retrieved from the Agency's website(s).

OpenFEMA Disaster Declarations Summaries, retrieved October 30, 2026. Statewide declarations are not listed.

How this compares

Where Tate County stands among 82 counties in Mississippi and 3,143 in the United States.

Ranks
Tornadoes since 19501678 / 821,804 / 3,143
Tornadoes rated F3/EF3 or stronger264 / 82866 / 3,143
Tropical cyclones within 50 mi781 / 82892 / 3,143
Hurricane-strength passes within 50 mi0——
Wildfire acres since 198481227 / 821,352 / 3,143
Flood insurance claims3854 / 821,780 / 3,143
Flood insurance paid$1.5 million37 / 821,311 / 3,143
Disaster declarations1780 / 822,018 / 3,143
Flood events since 19963051 / 822,114 / 3,143
Hail and wind events since 199614265 / 822,438 / 3,143
Winter storm events since 1996416 / 822,179 / 3,143
Reported damage since 1996$8.7 million70 / 822,066 / 3,143
River crests at major flood stage0——
High tide flooding days a year, last 10 years0.0——
Months in severe drought since 18957478 / 822,958 / 3,143
Medium or heavy smoke days a year, last 10 years15.78 / 821,498 / 3,143
Earthquakes M4+ within 50 mi since 1900116 / 821,397 / 3,143
Earthquakes M2.5+ in the county since 19730——

Neighbouring counties

Neighbouring counties
DeSoto County3170280
Lafayette County2511031
Marshall County2496,88013
Panola County2681,39287
Tunica County1380449

Sources and vintage

Every number on this page comes from these public records.

  • Tornadoes NOAA Storm Prediction Center severe weather database, through 2025.
  • Tropical cyclones NOAA National Hurricane Center HURDAT2 (Atlantic; Northeast and Central Pacific), through 2025.
  • Wildfire USGS/USFS Monitoring Trends in Burn Severity, through 2026.
  • Storm events NOAA NCEI Storm Events Database, through 2026.
  • Flood insurance OpenFEMA NFIP Redacted Claims v3, refreshed August 4, 2026.
  • Declarations OpenFEMA Disaster Declarations Summaries v2, retrieved October 30, 2026.
  • Weather records NOAA NCEI Global Historical Climatology Network Daily, station USC00223975.
  • River crests NOAA National Weather Service, National Water Prediction Service river gauges, retrieved October 30, 2026.
  • Drought NOAA NCEI nClimDiv county Palmer Drought Severity Index, through September 2026.
  • Smoke NOAA NESDIS Hazard Mapping System smoke analysis, retrieved October 30, 2026.
  • Earthquakes USGS ANSS Comprehensive Earthquake Catalog (ComCat), retrieved October 30, 2026.

Joins, thresholds and known limits are set out in the methodology. Found an error? Report it. Page built October 30, 2026.