Judith Basin County
Population 2,162 (2025) 1,870 sq mi
Large wildfires have burned 52,930 acres of Judith Basin County since 1984, 38th most of 56 counties in Montana; the largest was the Turkey Fire in 1990.
Hazard fingerprint Each spoke is this county’s percentile among U.S. counties where that hazard occurs. How it is computed
- Tornado damage paths since 195018
- Wildfire burn scars since 198411
At a glance
The record for Judith Basin County in eight numbers. Each links to its section below.
Acres burned since 1984
52,930
38th of 56 in Montana
11 large fires; the largest was Turkey, 1990
DetailsStrongest tornado
F2
July 10, 1965, 2.0 mile path
Federal disaster declarations
9
Most recent: Severe Winter Storm and Straight-Line Winds, 2026
DetailsSnowiest season
121.5in
Winter of 1969-70
Tornadoes
About one every 4.2 years since 1950, none rated F3/EF3 or stronger.
Strongest
July 10, 1965
F2, 2.0 mile path
23 yards wide.
Most recent
Wednesday, July 6, 2022
EF0, 1.3 mile path
4 years ago.
Every recorded tornado
| Jul 6, 2022 | EF0 | 1.3 | 0 | 0 |
| Jun 27, 2019 | EF0 | 0.2 | 0 | 0 |
| May 9, 2018 | EF0 | 0.7 | 0 | 0 |
| Jun 5, 2012 | EF0 | 3.8 | 0 | 0 |
| Jun 16, 2007 | EF1 | 5.3 | 0 | 0 |
| Jun 5, 2004 | F0 | 2.0 | 0 | 0 |
| Apr 22, 2003 | F1 | 2.0 | 0 | 0 |
| Aug 5, 2002 | F0 | 5.0 | 0 | 0 |
| Jun 28, 2002 | F0 | 11.0 | 0 | 0 |
| Aug 14, 1999 | F0 | 0.5 | 0 | 0 |
| Aug 14, 1998 | F0 | 0.5 | 0 | 0 |
| Apr 24, 1994 | F2 | 1.0 | 0 | 0 |
| Apr 24, 1994 | F2 | 1.5 | 0 | 0 |
| Jul 20, 1993 | F0 | 0.1 | 0 | 0 |
| May 10, 1977 | F1 | 0.1 | 0 | 0 |
| May 10, 1977 | F1 | 0.1 | 0 | 0 |
| Jul 10, 1965 | F2 | 2.0 | 1 | 0 |
| Jul 7, 1957 | F1 | 1.5 | 0 | 0 |
- Injuries and deaths are for the tornado’s whole path, which may extend beyond the county. Deaths recorded within Judith Basin County: 0.
- Weak tornadoes were under-recorded before Doppler radar coverage became national in the early 1990s, so earlier decades read low. Ratings use the Fujita scale before February 2007 and the Enhanced Fujita scale after.
Storm Prediction Center severe weather database, 1950 to 2025.
Hurricanes and tropical storms
No tropical storm or hurricane has tracked within 100 miles since records began in 1851.
Wildfire and smoke
52,930 acres burned in 11 large fires since 1984, equal to 4.4% of the land.
Largest
November 23, 1990
Turkey Fire, 25,644 acres
25,661 acres inside Judith Basin County.
Most recent
October 3, 2020
Yogo Fire
4,429 acres in total.
Every large fire
| Yogo | 2020 | 4,429 | 4,429 |
| Louse Creek | 2020 | 5,233 | 5,229 |
| Eagle Rock Road | 2020 | 3,130 | 3,129 |
| Meissner | 2009 | 111 | 12,311 |
| Middle Fork | 2007 | 1,116 | 1,117 |
| Burnt Ridge Complex (Ant Park) | 2003 | 276 | 1,776 |
| Lost Fork-Monarch Complex (Lost Fork) | 2001 | 183 | 2,308 |
| Judith Complex (Lost Fork Ridge) | 2000 | 983 | 1,388 |
| Turkey | 1990 | 25,661 | 25,644 |
| Iron Claim | 1988 | 1,363 | 1,363 |
| Sandpoint | 1985 | 10,439 | 10,431 |
- Large fires mapped by the Monitoring Trends in Burn Severity program since 1984: 1,000 acres or more in the West, 500 or more in the East. Prescribed burns are excluded. Acres here are the part of each perimeter inside this place.
Monitoring Trends in Burn Severity (USGS and U.S. Forest Service), 1984 to 2026.
Smoke overhead
Smokiest year
2021: 58 days
Heavy smoke on 42 days in 2021, the most of any year.
Last 10 years
29.4 days a year
Medium or heavy smoke, 2016 to 2025.
2025
20 days
Medium or heavy smoke. 39 so far in 2026.
- A smoke day is a date on which a smoke plume traced by NOAA Hazard Mapping System analysts from satellite imagery covered this place's point (the county's population centre or the city centre). Counts here are of medium or heavy smoke. Since 2018 analysts have often drawn light smoke as one area over most of the continent, so light-smoke counts are not comparable from year to year. The plumes show smoke anywhere in the air above, not air quality at the ground, and smoke hidden by cloud is missed.
NOAA Hazard Mapping System smoke analysis, 2011 to 2026, retrieved October 30, 2026.
Floods and flood insurance
No federal flood insurance claims are recorded for this county.
Flood events since 1996
- Heavy Rain9
- Flood5
- Flash Flood1
OpenFEMA NFIP Redacted Claims v3, refreshed August 4, 2026. NOAA Storm Events through 2026.
Drought
In severe drought or worse for 241 of 1,581 months since 1895 (15%); the longest spell lasted 37 months.
241
Months in severe drought or worse since 1895
121
Months in extreme drought
15%
Share of all months, severe or worse
Lowest reading
August 1937
−7.62, extreme drought
Longest severe spell
37 months
March 2000 to March 2003.
Latest month
September 2026
−4.49, extreme drought
- The Palmer Drought Severity Index is computed by NOAA each month from the county's average temperature and precipitation, relative to the county's own climate. Zero is normal; -3 or lower is severe drought and -4 or lower extreme drought. It describes the long-term balance of moisture, not water supply or crop losses.
NOAA NCEI nClimDiv county Palmer Drought Severity Index, 1895 to September 2026, issued October 6, 2026.
Earthquakes
6 earthquakes of magnitude 4 or more within 50 miles since 1900; the largest was magnitude 6.1 in 1935.
2
Magnitude 2.5+ inside the county since 1973
24
Magnitude 3+ within 50 miles since 1973
6
Magnitude 4+ within 50 miles since 1900
1
Magnitude 5+ within 50 miles since 1900
Largest within 50 miles
October 18, 1935
The 1935 Helena, Montana Earthquakes (Mainshock); 49.6 miles away, 9.3 miles deep.
Most recent, magnitude 3 or more
September 18, 2026
Magnitude 3.7
7 km NNW of Black Eagle, Montana; 30.6 miles away.
Every earthquake of magnitude 4 or more within 50 miles
| Jan 29, 2026 | 4.2 | 29.0 |
| Nov 25, 2007 | 4.1 | 41.8 |
| Nov 10, 2000 | 4.0 | 44.0 |
| Apr 8, 2000 | 4.1 | 47.9 |
| Feb 15, 1963 | 4.5 | 47.4 |
| Oct 18, 1935 | 6.1 | 49.6 |
- Earthquakes of magnitude 2.5 or more in the USGS Comprehensive Catalog since 1900. Within 50 miles means the epicentre lies within 50 miles of the county boundary (or inside the county).
- Small earthquakes were under-recorded before the modern seismic networks of the 1970s and are still missed in remote areas, so early decades read low. Magnitudes are as the catalogue reports them and mix scales (moment, local and body-wave).
USGS ANSS Comprehensive Earthquake Catalog, 1900 to present, retrieved October 30, 2026.
Severe weather and other events
693 events in the National Weather Service record, 652 of them since 1996.
110
Hail reports, 1 inch or larger
13
Hail, 2 inches or larger
58
Damaging gusts, 58 mph+
181
Winter weather events since 1996
0
Heat events since 1996
22
Cold events since 1996
Largest hail
August 5, 2002
4.00 inches
Strongest measured or estimated gust
June 15, 1956
82 mph
Costliest events since 1996
- May 7, 2024Winter Weather, Judith Basin County And Judith Gap$164,000
National Weather Service narrative
Fergus Electric COOP posted several photos on Facebook showing numerous power poles knocked over due to a combination of strong winds and ice building up on the lines. Areas hit hardest were in Judith Basin and Fergus counties. 164,000 in damages were done to utilities.
- May 7, 2024Blizzard, Little Belt And Highwood Mountains$114,000
National Weather Service narrative
MT DOT sensor at Monarch Canyon showed visibility at or below one-quarter mile for at least 7 hours (Power failed at that point). US-89 was closed from Armington Junction to White Sulphur Springs early morning May 8. The Onion Park Snotel estimated 28 inches new snow with rates of 2 inches per hour. Elsewhere, the Porphyry Peak RAWS reported sustained winds averaging 25 mph, with gusts into the 50's mph before the sensor failed at 1005 PM MDT May 7. A widespread power outage affected much of the zone through Wednesday morning. End time is estimated given lack of observations after late evening of the 7th. The Monarch Fire Department reported 48 inches storm total snow by noon…
- May 19, 2011Flood$50,000
National Weather Service narrative
Several roads were washed out including the Utica area and areas south of Stanford and Hobson.
- Jul 3, 2000Hail$5,000
- Storm Events records before 1996 cover only tornadoes, thunderstorm wind and hail. Damage figures are as reported by the National Weather Service at the time, not adjusted for inflation.
NOAA NCEI Storm Events Database, 1950 to 2026, issued October 26, 2026.
Weather records
From Stanford, 4.9 miles from the county’s population centre, with records from 1965.
- All-time high
- 103°FJul 12, 2026
- All-time low
- −40°F2 times, most recently Dec 21, 1990
- Warmest night
- 71°F2 times, most recently Aug 14, 2015
- Coldest day
- −30°FDec 29, 1968
- Wettest day
- 3.62 inAug 23, 2014
- Snowiest day
- 23.0 inMay 29, 1982
- Hottest year
- 1987mean 47.6°F
- Coldest year
- 2019mean 40.6°F
- Wettest year
- 199326.35 in
- Driest year
- 202110.19 in
- Snowiest season
- 121.5 in1969-70
Median first snow
October 12
Earliest: September 12, 1970
Median last snow
May 7
Latest: June 12, 1969
1 of 28 winters had no measurable snow.
Station Stanford (USC00247864), 4,289 ft elevation, 4.9 miles from the population centre. Daily records from 1965 to October 26, 2026; 98.2% of days in the last 30 years are complete. Records at a single station can differ from a city’s official threaded record, which may combine several stations.
NOAA NCEI Global Historical Climatology Network Daily.
Federal disaster declarations
9 since 1953. The most recent: Severe Winter Storm and Straight-Line Winds, April 7, 2026.
| Apr 7, 2026 | Straight-Line Winds | DR-4902-MT |
| Jul 18, 2024 | Severe Storm | DR-4801-MT |
| Mar 31, 2020 | Biological | DR-4508-MT |
| Mar 13, 2020 | Biological | EM-3476-MT |
| Jun 17, 2011 | Severe Storm | DR-1996-MT |
| Sep 13, 2005 | Hurricane | EM-3253-MT |
| Aug 30, 2000 | Fire | DR-1340-MT |
| Jul 25, 1997 | Severe Storm | DR-1183-MT |
| Jun 28, 1975 | Flood | DR-472-MT |
This product uses the Federal Emergency Management Agency's OpenFEMA API, but is not endorsed by FEMA. The Federal Government or FEMA cannot vouch for the data or analyses derived from these data after the data have been retrieved from the Agency's website(s).
OpenFEMA Disaster Declarations Summaries, retrieved October 30, 2026. Statewide declarations are not listed.
How this compares
Where Judith Basin County stands among 56 counties in Montana and 3,143 in the United States.
| Tornadoes since 1950 | 18 | 4 / 56 |
| Tornadoes rated F3/EF3 or stronger | 0 | — |
| Tropical cyclones within 50 mi | 0 | — |
| Hurricane-strength passes within 50 mi | 0 | — |
| Wildfire acres since 1984 | 52,930 | 38 / 56 |
| Flood insurance claims | 0 | — |
| Flood insurance paid | $0 | — |
| Disaster declarations | 9 | 39 / 56 |
| Flood events since 1996 | 15 | 40 / 56 |
| Hail and wind events since 1996 | 409 | 26 / 56 |
| Winter storm events since 1996 | 181 | 22 / 56 |
| Reported damage since 1996 | $333,000 | 41 / 56 |
| River crests at major flood stage | 0 | — |
| High tide flooding days a year, last 10 years | 0.0 | — |
| Months in severe drought since 1895 | 241 | 8 / 56 |
| Medium or heavy smoke days a year, last 10 years | 29.4 | 26 / 56 |
| Earthquakes M4+ within 50 mi since 1900 | 6 | 27 / 56 |
| Earthquakes M2.5+ in the county since 1973 | 2 | 26 / 56 |
Neighbouring counties
| Cascade County | 13 | 0 |
| Chouteau County | 17 | 0 |
| Fergus County | 28 | 0 |
| Meagher County | 3 | 0 |
| Wheatland County | 7 | 0 |
Sources and vintage
Every number on this page comes from these public records.
- Tornadoes NOAA Storm Prediction Center severe weather database, through 2025.
- Tropical cyclones NOAA National Hurricane Center HURDAT2 (Atlantic; Northeast and Central Pacific), through 2025.
- Wildfire USGS/USFS Monitoring Trends in Burn Severity, through 2026.
- Storm events NOAA NCEI Storm Events Database, through 2026.
- Flood insurance OpenFEMA NFIP Redacted Claims v3, refreshed August 4, 2026.
- Declarations OpenFEMA Disaster Declarations Summaries v2, retrieved October 30, 2026.
- Weather records NOAA NCEI Global Historical Climatology Network Daily, station USC00247864.
- River crests NOAA National Weather Service, National Water Prediction Service river gauges, retrieved October 30, 2026.
- Drought NOAA NCEI nClimDiv county Palmer Drought Severity Index, through September 2026.
- Smoke NOAA NESDIS Hazard Mapping System smoke analysis, retrieved October 30, 2026.
- Earthquakes USGS ANSS Comprehensive Earthquake Catalog (ComCat), retrieved October 30, 2026.
Joins, thresholds and known limits are set out in the methodology. Found an error? Report it. Page built October 30, 2026.