Judith Basin County

Population 2,162 (2025) 1,870 sq mi

Large wildfires have burned 52,930 acres of Judith Basin County since 1984, 38th most of 56 counties in Montana; the largest was the Turkey Fire in 1990.

Hazard fingerprint for Judith Basin County Tornado: 17th percentile. Tropical: 0th percentile. Wildfire: 61th percentile. Flood: 5th percentile. Hail & wind: 22th percentile. Heat: 0th percentile. Cold: 72th percentile. Winter: 87th percentile. TORTROPFIREFLOODSEVEREHEATCOLDWINTER

Hazard fingerprint Each spoke is this county’s percentile among U.S. counties where that hazard occurs. How it is computed

2026
  • Tornado damage paths since 195018
  • Wildfire burn scars since 198411

At a glance

The record for Judith Basin County in eight numbers. Each links to its section below.

Acres burned since 1984

52,930

38th of 56 in Montana

11 large fires; the largest was Turkey, 1990

Details

Tornadoes since 1950

18

4th of 56 in Montana

3.0 times the typical Montana county

Details

Strongest tornado

F2

July 10, 1965, 2.0 mile path

Largest earthquake within 50 mi

6.1magnitude

October 18, 1935, 49.6 miles away

Details

Federal disaster declarations

9

Most recent: Severe Winter Storm and Straight-Line Winds, 2026

Details

Record high

103°F

July 12, 2026

Details

Record low

−40°F

Reached 2 times, most recently December 21, 1990

Details

Snowiest season

121.5in

Winter of 1969-70

Tornadoes

About one every 4.2 years since 1950, none rated F3/EF3 or stronger.

Strongest

July 10, 1965

F2, 2.0 mile path

23 yards wide.

Most recent

Wednesday, July 6, 2022

EF0, 1.3 mile path

4 years ago.

Tornadoes by decade Doppler radar era² 1950s: 1 1 1960s: 1 1 1970s: 2 2 1980s: 0 1990s: 5 5 2000s: 5 5 2010s: 3 3 2020s: 1 1 1950s1960s1970s1980s1990s2000s2010s2020s
Recorded tornadoes per decade. The 2020s are incomplete.
Tornadoes by month J: 0 F: 0 M: 0 A: 3 M: 3 J: 5 5 J: 4 A: 3 S: 0 O: 0 N: 0 D: 0 JFMAMJJASOND
By month of occurrence, all years.

Every recorded tornado

Tornadoes in Judith Basin County since 1950
Jul 6, 2022EF01.35000
Jun 27, 2019EF00.240000
May 9, 2018EF00.75000
Jun 5, 2012EF03.840000
Jun 16, 2007EF15.310000
Jun 5, 2004F02.010000
Apr 22, 2003F12.05000
Aug 5, 2002F05.05000
Jun 28, 2002F011.05000
Aug 14, 1999F00.52000
Aug 14, 1998F00.53000
Apr 24, 1994F21.030000
Apr 24, 1994F21.510000
Jul 20, 1993F00.11000
May 10, 1977F10.11000
May 10, 1977F10.11000
Jul 10, 1965F22.02310
Jul 7, 1957F11.52000
  1. Injuries and deaths are for the tornado’s whole path, which may extend beyond the county. Deaths recorded within Judith Basin County: 0.
  2. Weak tornadoes were under-recorded before Doppler radar coverage became national in the early 1990s, so earlier decades read low. Ratings use the Fujita scale before February 2007 and the Enhanced Fujita scale after.

Storm Prediction Center severe weather database, 1950 to 2025.

Hurricanes and tropical storms

No tropical storm or hurricane has tracked within 100 miles since records began in 1851.

Wildfire and smoke

52,930 acres burned in 11 large fires since 1984, equal to 4.4% of the land.

Largest

November 23, 1990

Turkey Fire, 25,644 acres

25,661 acres inside Judith Basin County.

Most recent

October 3, 2020

Yogo Fire

4,429 acres in total.

Acres burned since 1984, cumulative 1985: 10,4391988: 1,3641990: 25,6622000: 9832001: 1842003: 2762007: 1,1162009: 1122020: 12,794 52,930 acres 198519901995200020052010201520202025
Running total of acres burned inside the county (line) and each year’s acres (bars).

Every large fire

Large wildfires since 1984
Yogo20204,4294,429
Louse Creek20205,2335,229
Eagle Rock Road20203,1303,129
Meissner200911112,311
Middle Fork20071,1161,117
Burnt Ridge Complex (Ant Park)20032761,776
Lost Fork-Monarch Complex (Lost Fork)20011832,308
Judith Complex (Lost Fork Ridge)20009831,388
Turkey199025,66125,644
Iron Claim19881,3631,363
Sandpoint198510,43910,431
  1. Large fires mapped by the Monitoring Trends in Burn Severity program since 1984: 1,000 acres or more in the West, 500 or more in the East. Prescribed burns are excluded. Acres here are the part of each perimeter inside this place.

Monitoring Trends in Burn Severity (USGS and U.S. Forest Service), 1984 to 2026.

Smoke overhead

Smokiest year

2021: 58 days

Heavy smoke on 42 days in 2021, the most of any year.

Last 10 years

29.4 days a year

Medium or heavy smoke, 2016 to 2025.

2025

20 days

Medium or heavy smoke. 39 so far in 2026.

Days with medium or heavy smoke overhead, by year 2011: 6 2012: 21 2013: 15 2014: 13 2015: 20 2016: 4 2017: 33 2018: 30 2019: 10 2020: 21 2021: 58 58 2022: 21 2023: 47 2024: 50 2025: 20 201120122013201420152016201720182019202020212022202320242025
Days each year on which a satellite-traced plume of medium or heavy smoke covered the county’s population centre, 2011 to 2025.
  1. A smoke day is a date on which a smoke plume traced by NOAA Hazard Mapping System analysts from satellite imagery covered this place's point (the county's population centre or the city centre). Counts here are of medium or heavy smoke. Since 2018 analysts have often drawn light smoke as one area over most of the continent, so light-smoke counts are not comparable from year to year. The plumes show smoke anywhere in the air above, not air quality at the ground, and smoke hidden by cloud is missed.

NOAA Hazard Mapping System smoke analysis, 2011 to 2026, retrieved October 30, 2026.

Floods and flood insurance

No federal flood insurance claims are recorded for this county.

Flood events since 1996

  • Heavy Rain9
  • Flood5
  • Flash Flood1

OpenFEMA NFIP Redacted Claims v3, refreshed August 4, 2026. NOAA Storm Events through 2026.

Drought

In severe drought or worse for 241 of 1,581 months since 1895 (15%); the longest spell lasted 37 months.

241

Months in severe drought or worse since 1895

121

Months in extreme drought

15%

Share of all months, severe or worse

Lowest reading

August 1937

−7.62, extreme drought

Longest severe spell

37 months

March 2000 to March 2003.

Latest month

September 2026

−4.49, extreme drought

Months in severe drought or worse, by year 1895: 0 1896: 0 1897: 0 1898: 0 1899: 0 1900: 2 1901: 0 1902: 0 1903: 0 1904: 2 1905: 12 12 1906: 4 1907: 0 1908: 0 1909: 0 1910: 0 1911: 0 1912: 0 1913: 0 1914: 0 1915: 1 1916: 0 1917: 0 1918: 0 1919: 4 1920: 0 1921: 9 1922: 0 1923: 0 1924: 0 1925: 0 1926: 0 1927: 0 1928: 0 1929: 0 1930: 0 1931: 5 1932: 2 1933: 0 1934: 3 1935: 12 1936: 12 1937: 10 1938: 0 1939: 0 1940: 4 1941: 7 1942: 0 1943: 0 1944: 0 1945: 0 1946: 0 1947: 0 1948: 0 1949: 0 1950: 0 1951: 0 1952: 0 1953: 0 1954: 0 1955: 0 1956: 0 1957: 0 1958: 0 1959: 0 1960: 0 1961: 12 1962: 4 1963: 0 1964: 0 1965: 0 1966: 0 1967: 0 1968: 0 1969: 0 1970: 0 1971: 0 1972: 0 1973: 0 1974: 0 1975: 0 1976: 0 1977: 0 1978: 0 1979: 0 1980: 0 1981: 0 1982: 0 1983: 0 1984: 0 1985: 3 1986: 0 1987: 0 1988: 8 1989: 3 1990: 0 1991: 2 1992: 10 1993: 3 1994: 1 1995: 1 1996: 0 1997: 0 1998: 0 1999: 0 2000: 10 2001: 12 2002: 12 2003: 7 2004: 10 2005: 8 2006: 0 2007: 0 2008: 1 2009: 0 2010: 0 2011: 0 2012: 7 2013: 4 2014: 0 2015: 0 2016: 3 2017: 1 2018: 0 2019: 0 2020: 0 2021: 9 2022: 9 2023: 0 2024: 0 2025: 3 18951905191519251935194519551965197519851995200520152025
Months each year with a Palmer index of −3 or lower, 1895 to 2025. Twelve means the whole year.
  1. The Palmer Drought Severity Index is computed by NOAA each month from the county's average temperature and precipitation, relative to the county's own climate. Zero is normal; -3 or lower is severe drought and -4 or lower extreme drought. It describes the long-term balance of moisture, not water supply or crop losses.

NOAA NCEI nClimDiv county Palmer Drought Severity Index, 1895 to September 2026, issued October 6, 2026.

Earthquakes

6 earthquakes of magnitude 4 or more within 50 miles since 1900; the largest was magnitude 6.1 in 1935.

2

Magnitude 2.5+ inside the county since 1973

24

Magnitude 3+ within 50 miles since 1973

6

Magnitude 4+ within 50 miles since 1900

1

Magnitude 5+ within 50 miles since 1900

Largest within 50 miles

October 18, 1935

Magnitude 6.1

The 1935 Helena, Montana Earthquakes (Mainshock); 49.6 miles away, 9.3 miles deep.

Most recent, magnitude 3 or more

September 18, 2026

Magnitude 3.7

7 km NNW of Black Eagle, Montana; 30.6 miles away.

Earthquakes of magnitude 3 or more within 50 miles, by year 1973: 0 1974: 0 1975: 0 1976: 0 1977: 0 1978: 0 1979: 0 1980: 0 1981: 0 1982: 0 1983: 0 1984: 1 1985: 1 1986: 0 1987: 0 1988: 0 1989: 1 1990: 0 1991: 0 1992: 0 1993: 0 1994: 0 1995: 0 1996: 0 1997: 0 1998: 0 1999: 2 2000: 9 9 2001: 0 2002: 0 2003: 1 2004: 0 2005: 1 2006: 1 2007: 2 2008: 0 2009: 0 2010: 0 2011: 1 2012: 0 2013: 0 2014: 0 2015: 0 2016: 0 2017: 0 2018: 0 2019: 0 2020: 0 2021: 0 2022: 0 2023: 0 2024: 0 2025: 0 19731978198319881993199820032008201320182023
Per year, 1973 to 2025.

Every earthquake of magnitude 4 or more within 50 miles

Earthquakes of magnitude 4 or more within 50 miles
Jan 29, 20264.229.014.69 km N of Black Eagle, Montana
Nov 25, 20074.141.81.112 km SSW of Grass Range, Montana
Nov 10, 20004.044.01.314 km NE of Townsend, Montana
Apr 8, 20004.147.92.98 km ENE of Townsend, Montana
Feb 15, 19634.547.420.5Western Montana
Oct 18, 19356.149.69.3The 1935 Helena, Montana Earthquakes (Mainshock)
  1. Earthquakes of magnitude 2.5 or more in the USGS Comprehensive Catalog since 1900. Within 50 miles means the epicentre lies within 50 miles of the county boundary (or inside the county).
  2. Small earthquakes were under-recorded before the modern seismic networks of the 1970s and are still missed in remote areas, so early decades read low. Magnitudes are as the catalogue reports them and mix scales (moment, local and body-wave).

USGS ANSS Comprehensive Earthquake Catalog, 1900 to present, retrieved October 30, 2026.

Severe weather and other events

693 events in the National Weather Service record, 652 of them since 1996.

110

Hail reports, 1 inch or larger

13

Hail, 2 inches or larger

58

Damaging gusts, 58 mph+

181

Winter weather events since 1996

0

Heat events since 1996

22

Cold events since 1996

Largest hail

August 5, 2002

4.00 inches

Strongest measured or estimated gust

June 15, 1956

82 mph

Costliest events since 1996

  1. May 7, 2024Winter Weather, Judith Basin County And Judith Gap$164,000
    National Weather Service narrative

    Fergus Electric COOP posted several photos on Facebook showing numerous power poles knocked over due to a combination of strong winds and ice building up on the lines. Areas hit hardest were in Judith Basin and Fergus counties. 164,000 in damages were done to utilities.

  2. May 7, 2024Blizzard, Little Belt And Highwood Mountains$114,000
    National Weather Service narrative

    MT DOT sensor at Monarch Canyon showed visibility at or below one-quarter mile for at least 7 hours (Power failed at that point). US-89 was closed from Armington Junction to White Sulphur Springs early morning May 8. The Onion Park Snotel estimated 28 inches new snow with rates of 2 inches per hour. Elsewhere, the Porphyry Peak RAWS reported sustained winds averaging 25 mph, with gusts into the 50's mph before the sensor failed at 1005 PM MDT May 7. A widespread power outage affected much of the zone through Wednesday morning. End time is estimated given lack of observations after late evening of the 7th. The Monarch Fire Department reported 48 inches storm total snow by noon…

  3. May 19, 2011Flood$50,000
    National Weather Service narrative

    Several roads were washed out including the Utica area and areas south of Stanford and Hobson.

  4. Jul 3, 2000Hail$5,000
  1. Storm Events records before 1996 cover only tornadoes, thunderstorm wind and hail. Damage figures are as reported by the National Weather Service at the time, not adjusted for inflation.

NOAA NCEI Storm Events Database, 1950 to 2026, issued October 26, 2026.

Weather records

From Stanford, 4.9 miles from the county’s population centre, with records from 1965.

All-time high
103°FJul 12, 2026
All-time low
−40°F2 times, most recently Dec 21, 1990
Warmest night
71°F2 times, most recently Aug 14, 2015
Coldest day
−30°FDec 29, 1968
Wettest day
3.62 inAug 23, 2014
Snowiest day
23.0 inMay 29, 1982
Hottest year
1987mean 47.6°F
Coldest year
2019mean 40.6°F
Wettest year
199326.35 in
Driest year
202110.19 in
Snowiest season
121.5 in1969-70
Average monthly high and low temperature and precipitation, last 30 years, Stanford 32°F 38° 16° 0.6 Jan 37° 15° 0.7 Feb 45° 23° 0.8 Mar 53° 30° 1.6 Apr 63° 38° 2.8 May 71° 46° 2.7 Jun 83° 53° 1.4 Jul 81° 52° 1.6 Aug 72° 44° 1.6 Sep 58° 33° 1.2 Oct 46° 24° 0.6 Nov 37° 16° 0.7 Dec Precipitation, inches
Average daily high and low by month, and average monthly precipitation, over the last 30 years.
Nights at or below freezing per year 1983: 153 1985: 173 1986: 162 1987: 153 1988: 164 1989: 176 1990: 169 1991: 174 1992: 177 1993: 183 1994: 171 1995: 166 1996: 184 1997: 160 1998: 164 1999: 167 2000: 185 2001: 175 2002: 182 2003: 166 2004: 160 2005: 158 2006: 158 2007: 155 2008: 181 2009: 182 2010: 172 2011: 176 2012: 173 2013: 180 2014: 162 2015: 154 2016: 152 2017: 161 2018: 178 2019: 186 186 2020: 178 2021: 161 2022: 164 2023: 162 2024: 158 2025: 167 19831994200420142024
Nights at or below freezing each complete year, last 50 years. Thirty-year average: 168.7.
Snowfall by winter 1974: 98.0 in 98.0 1979: 60.0 in 1982: 29.1 in 1991: 0.0 in 1997: 9.0 in 1998: 24.6 in 2000: 50.5 in 2001: 49.5 in 2002: 46.0 in 2003: 65.7 in 2004: 8.0 in 2005: 48.3 in 2006: 43.5 in 2007: 41.0 in 2008: 79.1 in 2009: 61.0 in 2021: 56.5 in 2022: 53.7 in 2023: 44.0 in 19742004
Total snowfall each winter (July to June), last 50 winters.

Median first snow

October 12

Earliest: September 12, 1970

Median last snow

May 7

Latest: June 12, 1969

1 of 28 winters had no measurable snow.

Station Stanford (USC00247864), 4,289 ft elevation, 4.9 miles from the population centre. Daily records from 1965 to October 26, 2026; 98.2% of days in the last 30 years are complete. Records at a single station can differ from a city’s official threaded record, which may combine several stations.

NOAA NCEI Global Historical Climatology Network Daily.

Federal disaster declarations

9 since 1953. The most recent: Severe Winter Storm and Straight-Line Winds, April 7, 2026.

Federal disaster declarations
Apr 7, 2026Straight-Line WindsSevere Winter Storm and Straight-Line WindsMajor disasterDR-4902-MT
Jul 18, 2024Severe StormSevere Winter Storm and FloodingMajor disasterDR-4801-MT
Mar 31, 2020BiologicalCovid-19 PandemicMajor disasterDR-4508-MT
Mar 13, 2020BiologicalCovid-19EmergencyEM-3476-MT
Jun 17, 2011Severe StormSevere Storms and FloodingMajor disasterDR-1996-MT
Sep 13, 2005HurricaneHurricane Katrina EvacuationEmergencyEM-3253-MT
Aug 30, 2000FireWildfiresMajor disasterDR-1340-MT
Jul 25, 1997Severe StormSevere Storms,Ice Jams, Snow Melt, FloodingMajor disasterDR-1183-MT
Jun 28, 1975FloodRains, Showmelt, Storms & FloodingMajor disasterDR-472-MT

This product uses the Federal Emergency Management Agency's OpenFEMA API, but is not endorsed by FEMA. The Federal Government or FEMA cannot vouch for the data or analyses derived from these data after the data have been retrieved from the Agency's website(s).

OpenFEMA Disaster Declarations Summaries, retrieved October 30, 2026. Statewide declarations are not listed.

How this compares

Where Judith Basin County stands among 56 counties in Montana and 3,143 in the United States.

Ranks
Tornadoes since 1950184 / 561,686 / 3,143
Tornadoes rated F3/EF3 or stronger0——
Tropical cyclones within 50 mi0——
Hurricane-strength passes within 50 mi0——
Wildfire acres since 198452,93038 / 56454 / 3,143
Flood insurance claims0——
Flood insurance paid$0——
Disaster declarations939 / 562,860 / 3,143
Flood events since 19961540 / 562,715 / 3,143
Hail and wind events since 199640926 / 56701 / 3,143
Winter storm events since 199618122 / 56388 / 3,143
Reported damage since 1996$333,00041 / 563,059 / 3,143
River crests at major flood stage0——
High tide flooding days a year, last 10 years0.0——
Months in severe drought since 18952418 / 56123 / 3,143
Medium or heavy smoke days a year, last 10 years29.426 / 56250 / 3,143
Earthquakes M4+ within 50 mi since 1900627 / 56589 / 3,143
Earthquakes M2.5+ in the county since 1973226 / 56665 / 3,143

Neighbouring counties

Neighbouring counties
Cascade County13056,147257
Chouteau County17032,3970
Fergus County28061,47127
Meagher County3061,8456
Wheatland County707,93419

Sources and vintage

Every number on this page comes from these public records.

  • Tornadoes NOAA Storm Prediction Center severe weather database, through 2025.
  • Tropical cyclones NOAA National Hurricane Center HURDAT2 (Atlantic; Northeast and Central Pacific), through 2025.
  • Wildfire USGS/USFS Monitoring Trends in Burn Severity, through 2026.
  • Storm events NOAA NCEI Storm Events Database, through 2026.
  • Flood insurance OpenFEMA NFIP Redacted Claims v3, refreshed August 4, 2026.
  • Declarations OpenFEMA Disaster Declarations Summaries v2, retrieved October 30, 2026.
  • Weather records NOAA NCEI Global Historical Climatology Network Daily, station USC00247864.
  • River crests NOAA National Weather Service, National Water Prediction Service river gauges, retrieved October 30, 2026.
  • Drought NOAA NCEI nClimDiv county Palmer Drought Severity Index, through September 2026.
  • Smoke NOAA NESDIS Hazard Mapping System smoke analysis, retrieved October 30, 2026.
  • Earthquakes USGS ANSS Comprehensive Earthquake Catalog (ComCat), retrieved October 30, 2026.

Joins, thresholds and known limits are set out in the methodology. Found an error? Report it. Page built October 30, 2026.