Vinton County

Population 12,645 (2025) 412 sq mi

Property owners in Vinton County have filed 15 federal flood insurance claims since 1978, 86th most of 88 counties in Ohio.

Hazard fingerprint for Vinton County Tornado: 22th percentile. Tropical: 34th percentile. Wildfire: 0th percentile. Flood: 88th percentile. Hail & wind: 45th percentile. Heat: 70th percentile. Cold: 84th percentile. Winter: 50th percentile. TORTROPFIREFLOODSEVEREHEATCOLDWINTER

Hazard fingerprint Each spoke is this county’s percentile among U.S. counties where that hazard occurs. How it is computed

2026
  • Tornado damage paths since 19506
  • Tropical cyclone tracks within 100 miles since 1851, wider where stronger4

At a glance

The record for Vinton County in eight numbers. Each links to its section below.

Flood insurance claims

15

86th of 88 in Ohio

$163,000 paid since 1997

Details

Tropical cyclones within 50 mi

4

Most of any of Ohio’s 88 counties

None at hurricane strength since 1851

Details

Tornadoes since 1950

6

79th of 88 in Ohio

Fewer than the typical Ohio county, which has had 17

Details

Strongest tornado

EF2

June 8, 2022, 9.1 mile path

Strongest tropical cyclone

TS

Tropical storm (unnamed), 1888, 12.8 miles away

Federal disaster declarations

16

Most recent: Covid-19 Pandemic, 2020

Details

Record high

104°F

July 12, 1914

Details

Record low

−31°F

Reached 2 times, most recently January 29, 1963

Details

Tornadoes

About one every 13 years since 1950, none rated F3/EF3 or stronger.

Strongest

June 8, 2022

EF2, 9.1 mile path

700 yards wide.

Most recent

Wednesday, June 8, 2022

EF0, 0.6 mile path

4 years ago.

Tornadoes by decade Doppler radar era² 1950s: 0 1960s: 0 1970s: 0 1980s: 0 1990s: 0 2000s: 0 2010s: 2 2 2020s: 4 4 1950s1960s1970s1980s1990s2000s2010s2020s
Recorded tornadoes per decade. The 2020s are incomplete.
Tornadoes by month J: 0 F: 0 M: 0 A: 1 M: 1 J: 3 3 J: 1 A: 0 S: 0 O: 0 N: 0 D: 0 JFMAMJJASOND
By month of occurrence, all years.

Every recorded tornado

Tornadoes in Vinton County since 1950
Jun 8, 2022EF00.610000
Jun 8, 2022EF10.420000
Jun 8, 2022EF29.170000
Apr 8, 2020EF10.212500
May 28, 2019EF00.110000
Jul 22, 2017EF10.823000
  1. Injuries and deaths are for the tornado’s whole path, which may extend beyond the county. Deaths recorded within Vinton County: 0.
  2. Weak tornadoes were under-recorded before Doppler radar coverage became national in the early 1990s, so earlier decades read low. Ratings use the Fujita scale before February 2007 and the Enhanced Fujita scale after.

Storm Prediction Center severe weather database, 1950 to 2025.

Hurricanes and tropical storms

4 passed within 50 miles since 1851; none at hurricane strength.

Strongest within 50 miles

August 21, 1888

Unnamed storm, Tropical storm

12.8 miles at closest approach, winds near 52 mph.

Most recent

October 5, 1995

Opal, Post-tropical

12.2 miles at closest approach.

Tropical cyclones within 50 miles by decade 50s: 0 60s: 0 70s: 0 80s: 1 1 90s: 0 00s: 0 10s: 0 20s: 0 30s: 0 40s: 0 50s: 1 60s: 0 70s: 1 80s: 1 90s: 0 00s: 0 10s: 0 20s: 0 50s60s70s80s90s00s10s20s30s40s50s60s70s80s90s00s10s20s
Storms within 50 miles, by decade. Records before about 1900 miss storms that never reached land or ships.

Every storm within 100 miles

Tropical cyclones within 100 miles
Opal199512.2Post-tropical46Category 4
Hugo198939.8Tropical storm45Category 5
Frederic197926.3Tropical storm40Category 4
Audrey195730.8Tropical storm45Category 3
Unnamed193490.9Post-tropical43Category 2
Unnamed191539.2Post-tropical40Category 4
Unnamed189274.6Post-tropical53Tropical storm
Unnamed188812.8Tropical storm52Category 3
  1. Tropical storms and hurricanes (34 kt or more, still tropical) at closest approach. Post-tropical remnants with gale-force winds are listed but not counted. Direct: track within 50 miles; near: within 100 miles. Distance is measured to the county boundary for counties and to the city centre for cities, using positions interpolated hourly between HURDAT2 fixes.

National Hurricane Center HURDAT2, 1851 to 2025.

Wildfire and smoke

No large wildfire has been mapped here since satellite mapping began in 1984.

Smoke overhead

Smokiest year

2023: 52 days

Heavy smoke on 14 days in 2023, the most of any year.

Last 10 years

14.5 days a year

Medium or heavy smoke, 2016 to 2025.

2025

13 days

Medium or heavy smoke. 34 so far in 2026.

Days with medium or heavy smoke overhead, by year 2011: 2 2012: 4 2013: 1 2014: 6 2015: 6 2016: 0 2017: 3 2018: 4 2019: 10 2020: 13 2021: 30 2022: 9 2023: 52 52 2024: 11 2025: 13 201120122013201420152016201720182019202020212022202320242025
Days each year on which a satellite-traced plume of medium or heavy smoke covered the county’s population centre, 2011 to 2025.
  1. A smoke day is a date on which a smoke plume traced by NOAA Hazard Mapping System analysts from satellite imagery covered this place's point (the county's population centre or the city centre). Counts here are of medium or heavy smoke. Since 2018 analysts have often drawn light smoke as one area over most of the continent, so light-smoke counts are not comparable from year to year. The plumes show smoke anywhere in the air above, not air quality at the ground, and smoke hidden by cloud is missed.

NOAA Hazard Mapping System smoke analysis, 2011 to 2026, retrieved October 30, 2026.

Floods and flood insurance

15 federal flood insurance claims since 1997, with $163,000 paid.

Federal flood insurance claims by year 1997: 5 5 1997
Claims per year since 1997. Years with fewer than five claims are not shown.

Most claims in one year

1997: 5 claims

$78,000 paid.

Claims by ZIP code

Flood insurance claims by ZIP code
456517$81,000

Flood events since 1996

  • Flood61
  • Flash Flood46
  • Heavy Rain6

This product uses the Federal Emergency Management Agency's OpenFEMA API, but is not endorsed by FEMA. The Federal Government or FEMA cannot vouch for the data or analyses derived from these data after the data have been retrieved from the Agency's website(s).

OpenFEMA NFIP Redacted Claims v3, refreshed August 4, 2026. NOAA Storm Events through 2026.

Drought

In severe drought or worse for 115 of 1,581 months since 1895 (7%); the longest spell lasted 13 months.

115

Months in severe drought or worse since 1895

49

Months in extreme drought

7%

Share of all months, severe or worse

15

Drought reports to the Weather Service since 1996

Lowest reading

February 1931

−6.45, extreme drought

Longest severe spell

13 months

June 1895 to June 1896.

Latest month

September 2026

+4.01, extremely wet

Last severe month: January 2025.

Months in severe drought or worse, by year 1895: 7 1896: 6 1897: 0 1898: 0 1899: 0 1900: 8 8 1901: 4 1902: 0 1903: 1 1904: 6 1905: 4 1906: 0 1907: 0 1908: 2 1909: 1 1910: 0 1911: 0 1912: 0 1913: 0 1914: 0 1915: 0 1916: 0 1917: 0 1918: 0 1919: 0 1920: 0 1921: 0 1922: 0 1923: 0 1924: 0 1925: 0 1926: 0 1927: 0 1928: 0 1929: 0 1930: 6 1931: 3 1932: 0 1933: 0 1934: 5 1935: 2 1936: 2 1937: 0 1938: 0 1939: 0 1940: 0 1941: 2 1942: 0 1943: 0 1944: 3 1945: 0 1946: 0 1947: 0 1948: 0 1949: 0 1950: 0 1951: 0 1952: 0 1953: 3 1954: 7 1955: 0 1956: 0 1957: 0 1958: 0 1959: 0 1960: 0 1961: 1 1962: 0 1963: 2 1964: 8 1965: 7 1966: 0 1967: 0 1968: 0 1969: 0 1970: 0 1971: 0 1972: 0 1973: 0 1974: 0 1975: 0 1976: 0 1977: 0 1978: 0 1979: 0 1980: 0 1981: 0 1982: 0 1983: 0 1984: 0 1985: 0 1986: 0 1987: 5 1988: 8 1989: 0 1990: 0 1991: 1 1992: 2 1993: 0 1994: 0 1995: 0 1996: 0 1997: 0 1998: 0 1999: 4 2000: 0 2001: 0 2002: 0 2003: 0 2004: 0 2005: 0 2006: 0 2007: 0 2008: 0 2009: 0 2010: 0 2011: 0 2012: 0 2013: 0 2014: 0 2015: 0 2016: 0 2017: 0 2018: 0 2019: 0 2020: 0 2021: 0 2022: 0 2023: 0 2024: 4 2025: 1 18951905191519251935194519551965197519851995200520152025
Months each year with a Palmer index of −3 or lower, 1895 to 2025. Twelve means the whole year.
  1. The Palmer Drought Severity Index is computed by NOAA each month from the county's average temperature and precipitation, relative to the county's own climate. Zero is normal; -3 or lower is severe drought and -4 or lower extreme drought. It describes the long-term balance of moisture, not water supply or crop losses.

NOAA NCEI nClimDiv county Palmer Drought Severity Index, 1895 to September 2026, issued October 6, 2026.

Earthquakes and landslides

2 earthquakes of magnitude 4 or more within 50 miles since 1900; the largest was magnitude 4.2 in 1901.

2

Magnitude 2.5+ inside the county since 1973

12

Magnitude 3+ within 50 miles since 1973

2

Magnitude 4+ within 50 miles since 1900

0

Magnitude 5+ within 50 miles since 1900

Largest within 50 miles

May 17, 1901

Magnitude 4.2

Near Portsmouth, Ohio; 34.1 miles away.

Most recent, magnitude 3 or more

February 3, 2025

Magnitude 3.1

2 km NNW of Oak Hill, Ohio; 11.2 miles away.

Earthquakes of magnitude 3 or more within 50 miles, by year 1973: 0 1974: 1 1975: 1 1976: 0 1977: 0 1978: 0 1979: 1 1980: 0 1981: 0 1982: 0 1983: 2 2 1984: 0 1985: 0 1986: 0 1987: 0 1988: 0 1989: 0 1990: 0 1991: 0 1992: 0 1993: 0 1994: 0 1995: 1 1996: 0 1997: 0 1998: 0 1999: 0 2000: 0 2001: 0 2002: 0 2003: 0 2004: 0 2005: 0 2006: 0 2007: 0 2008: 0 2009: 1 2010: 0 2011: 1 2012: 0 2013: 1 2014: 0 2015: 0 2016: 0 2017: 1 2018: 0 2019: 0 2020: 0 2021: 0 2022: 0 2023: 0 2024: 1 2025: 1 19731978198319881993199820032008201320182023
Per year, 1973 to 2025.

Every earthquake of magnitude 4 or more within 50 miles

Earthquakes of magnitude 4 or more within 50 miles
Jun 20, 19524.022.75.66 km ENE of Rendville, Ohio
May 17, 19014.234.1—Near Portsmouth, Ohio
  1. Earthquakes of magnitude 2.5 or more in the USGS Comprehensive Catalog since 1900. Within 50 miles means the epicentre lies within 50 miles of the county boundary (or inside the county).
  2. Small earthquakes were under-recorded before the modern seismic networks of the 1970s and are still missed in remote areas, so early decades read low. Magnitudes are as the catalogue reports them and mix scales (moment, local and body-wave).

USGS ANSS Comprehensive Earthquake Catalog, 1900 to present, retrieved October 30, 2026.

Mapped landslides

1

Landslides mapped, probable or better

1

With a recorded date

1

Source inventory

Mapped by NASA (1).

  1. Landslides mapped in the USGS compilation of landslide inventories across the United States (version 3.0, 2025), rated probable or better. The compilation joins inventories made by federal and state agencies for different purposes and areas, so the number mapped in a county reflects how closely it has been surveyed as much as how often its slopes fail. An area with few records may simply not have been mapped. Deaths are as recorded in the inventories; a slide listed in two inventories is counted once.

USGS Landslide Inventories across the United States, version 3.0, retrieved October 27, 2026.

Severe weather and other events

432 events in the National Weather Service record, 418 of them since 1996.

7

Hail reports, 1 inch or larger

0

Hail, 2 inches or larger

90

Damaging gusts, 58 mph+

68

Winter weather events since 1996

18

Heat events since 1996

34

Cold events since 1996

Largest hail

May 18, 2001

1.00 inches

Strongest measured or estimated gust

July 22, 2008

105 mph

More event types since 1996

Other Storm Events types since 1996
Lightning101Aug 16, 2020

Costliest events since 1996

  1. May 10, 2011Flash Flood$2.5 million
    National Weather Service narrative

    Small streams in the western portion of the county flooded. Streams such as Pike Run, and the Middle Fork of Salt Creek damaged roads, homes and campers. One home was destroyed, 11 homes had major damage, and 42 others had minor damage.

  2. Mar 1, 1997Flash Flood$750,000
  3. Jun 29, 2012Thunderstorm Wind$500,000
    National Weather Service narrative

    Scattered locations throughout the county had trees or large branches blown down. Around 4,000 customers lost electricity. The county middle school was set up as a cooling center and a place to charge cellular phones. Along with residences and businesses, the storm knocked out power and phone lines to the Vinton County Sheriff's Office, the McArthur Police Department, and emergency medical services.

  4. Sep 17, 2004Flood, Vinton$500,000
    National Weather Service narrative

    Light rain spread north into southeast Ohio during the afternoon and evening hours of the 16th. The heavier rain from the remnants of Hurricane Ivan developed over Lawrence County before dawn on Friday the 17th, reaching the Athens and Marietta vicinity by 0900E on the 17th. By 1700E the heavy rain was pulling east and northeast, out of southeast Ohio. A rain event of 24 to 30 hours dumped 4 to 6.5 inches of rain. Some specific preliminary totals included Beverly 6.4 inches, McArthur 6 inches, McConnelsville 5.5 inches, Athens and Waterloo 5.1 inches, Marietta and Newport 4.8 inches, Gallipolis 4.3 inches, and Nelsonville 4 inches. Rains were not as heavy over central and northern…

  5. Apr 8, 2020Tornado$200,000
    National Weather Service narrative

    A brief tornado touchdown occurred along Ohio 124 1.5 miles WNW of Wilkesville. A new double-wide mobile home was shifted off the block foundation and turned in a westerly direction. Another nearby mobile home was blown a few feet off of its foundation in a southerly direction. Clear rotation was also evident in the direction several uprooted trees were laying and in debris scattered across the property.

  6. May 2, 2010Flood$175,000
    National Weather Service narrative

    The first report of flooding was around midday as the headwaters of Raccoon Creek, including Wiselabout Creek, flooded Route 278. Numerous other creeks overflowed and blocked roads.

  7. Jan 4, 2004Flood, Vinton$150,000
    National Weather Service narrative

    A strong frontal boundary pushed across southeast Ohio late on the 3rd. By dawn on the 4th, the frontal zone stalled just to the south. Late on the 4th and into the 5th, a low pressure wave lifted northeast, along this boundary, and through the Ohio River Valley.Rains of 1.5 to 3.3 inches fell on saturated ground, during about a 36 hour time span. One rain maximum extended northeast from the Scioto River Valley, across the northern half of Perry County, then continued northeast into the Muskingum River Valley. Another maximum of rain extended out of central Vinton County, across central Athens County, and into central and northern Washington County. McArthur measured 3.3 inches of…

  8. May 4, 2012Flash Flood$150,000
    National Weather Service narrative

    Streams such as Pretty Run, Salt Creek, Middle Fork of Salt Creek, Raccoon Creek, and Puncheon Fork, flooded and damaged roads. Culverts under some roads were damaged. Private bridges were damaged. Near MacArthur, some residents in a trailer park were evacuated. The American Red Cross gave assistance to 14 families in Vinton County.

  9. May 18, 2001Flash Flood$100,000
    National Weather Service narrative

    Streams flooded and blocked roads, including Route 50, in the central and southern portion of the county. Ohio state officials reported 2 homes with minor damage, plus damage to roads, in Richland Township.

  10. Feb 18, 2000Flash Flood$75,000
    National Weather Service narrative

    Rains of 2 to 4 inches fell in about an 18 hour period. A strong frontal zone was in the vicinity, as low pressure moved up the Ohio Valley. Southerly winds pulled low level moisture north from Tennessee and Kentucky . Surface dew points were in the 55 to 60 degree range south of the frontal boundary. Carpenter of western Meigs County had 4.1 inches, Gallipolis meausred 3.7 inches, Jackson 3.45 inches, Patriot, Salem Center, and Willow wood all had around 3.3 inches, while McArthur had 3.2 inches. A spotter network in Meigs County revealed 3.9 inches at Racine and 3.6 inches at Syracuse.Preliminary damage accessment figures from emergency management officials had 3 homes in Meigs…

  1. Storm Events records before 1996 cover only tornadoes, thunderstorm wind and hail. Damage figures are as reported by the National Weather Service at the time, not adjusted for inflation.

NOAA NCEI Storm Events Database, 1950 to 2026, issued October 26, 2026.

Weather records

From Jackson 3 Nw, 15.6 miles from the county’s population centre, with records from 1914.

All-time high
104°FJul 12, 1914
All-time low
−31°F2 times, most recently Jan 29, 1963
Warmest night
79°FJul 14, 1927
Coldest day
−5°FJan 21, 1985
Wettest day
4.89 inMar 2, 1997
Snowiest day
13.0 inApr 5, 1987
Hottest year
1955mean 56.0°F
Coldest year
1966mean 49.4°F
Wettest year
201160.49 in
Driest year
198724.92 in
Snowiest season
50.5 in1950-51
Average monthly high and low temperature and precipitation, last 30 years, Jackson 3 Nw 32°F 38° 21° 3.2 Jan 43° 24° 3.3 Feb 54° 31° 3.9 Mar 66° 41° 4.0 Apr 73° 50° 4.6 May 80° 59° 4.3 Jun 83° 63° 4.3 Jul 82° 61° 3.3 Aug 77° 55° 3.8 Sep 65° 43° 2.9 Oct 53° 33° 2.7 Nov 43° 27° 3.4 Dec Precipitation, inches
Average daily high and low by month, and average monthly precipitation, over the last 30 years.
Nights at or below freezing per year 1976: 148 1977: 128 1979: 129 1980: 138 1981: 135 1982: 121 1983: 124 1984: 103 1985: 101 1986: 101 1987: 134 1988: 150 150 1989: 118 1990: 106 1996: 137 1997: 129 1998: 96 1999: 114 2000: 126 2001: 116 2002: 114 2003: 116 2004: 113 2005: 111 2006: 108 2007: 108 2008: 123 2009: 113 2010: 120 2011: 109 2012: 113 2014: 125 2015: 100 2016: 102 2017: 95 2019: 116 2020: 118 2021: 122 2022: 112 2023: 109 2024: 95 2025: 121 19761987200220122024
Nights at or below freezing each complete year, last 50 years. Thirty-year average: 113.6.
Snowfall by winter 1984: 22.4 in 1985: 30.8 in 1990: 2.0 in 1995: 39.9 in 39.9 1996: 9.7 in 1997: 16.0 in 1998: 33.4 in 1999: 17.6 in 2000: 16.7 in 2001: 11.4 in 2002: 35.2 in 2003: 16.2 in 2004: 15.5 in 2005: 11.0 in 2006: 23.4 in 2007: 25.6 in 2008: 14.4 in 2009: 35.8 in 2011: 6.6 in 2012: 24.4 in 2013: 39.6 in 2014: 32.1 in 2015: 17.4 in 2016: 8.2 in 2017: 19.1 in 2019: 9.3 in 2020: 25.5 in 2021: 20.2 in 2022: 2.9 in 2023: 6.7 in 2024: 23.9 in 2025: 28.4 in 1984200220132024
Total snowfall each winter (July to June), last 50 winters.

Median first snow

November 29

Earliest: October 28, 1925

Median last snow

March 14

Latest: April 24, 2005

0 of 59 winters had no measurable snow.

Station Jackson 3 Nw (USC00334004), 845 ft elevation, 15.6 miles from the population centre. Daily records from 1914 to October 27, 2026; 95.7% of days in the last 30 years are complete. Records at a single station can differ from a city’s official threaded record, which may combine several stations.

NOAA NCEI Global Historical Climatology Network Daily.

Federal disaster declarations

16 since 1953. The most recent: Covid-19 Pandemic, March 31, 2020.

Federal disaster declarations
Mar 31, 2020BiologicalCovid-19 PandemicMajor disasterDR-4507-OH
Mar 13, 2020BiologicalCovid-19EmergencyEM-3457-OH
Apr 8, 2019FloodSevere Storms, Flooding, and LandslidesMajor disasterDR-4424-OH
Apr 17, 2018FloodSevere Storms, Landslides, and MudslidesMajor disasterDR-4360-OH
Aug 20, 2012Severe StormSevere Storms and Straight-Line WindsMajor disasterDR-4077-OH
Jun 30, 2012Severe StormSevere StormsEmergencyEM-3346-OH
Jul 13, 2011Severe StormSevere Storms and FloodingMajor disasterDR-4002-OH
Sep 13, 2005HurricaneHurricane Katrina EvacuationEmergencyEM-3250-OH
Sep 19, 2004Severe StormSevere Storms and FloodingMajor disasterDR-1556-OH
Aug 1, 2003TornadoTornadoes, Flooding, Severe Storms, and High WindsMajor disasterDR-1484-OH
Mar 14, 2003Severe StormSevere Winter Storm and Record/Near Record SnowMajor disasterDR-1453-OH
Mar 4, 1997Severe StormSevere Storms and FloodingMajor disasterDR-1164-OH
Jun 24, 1996FloodFloodingMajor disasterDR-1122-OH
Jun 6, 1990Severe StormSevere Storms, Tornadoes & FloodingMajor disasterDR-870-OH
Jan 26, 1978SnowstormBlizzards & SnowstormsEmergencyEM-3055-OH
Jun 5, 1968FloodHeavy Rains & FloodingMajor disasterDR-243-OH

This product uses the Federal Emergency Management Agency's OpenFEMA API, but is not endorsed by FEMA. The Federal Government or FEMA cannot vouch for the data or analyses derived from these data after the data have been retrieved from the Agency's website(s).

OpenFEMA Disaster Declarations Summaries, retrieved October 30, 2026. Statewide declarations are not listed.

How this compares

Where Vinton County stands among 88 counties in Ohio and 3,143 in the United States.

Ranks
Tornadoes since 1950679 / 882,542 / 3,143
Tornadoes rated F3/EF3 or stronger0——
Tropical cyclones within 50 mi41 / 881,001 / 3,143
Hurricane-strength passes within 50 mi0——
Wildfire acres since 19840——
Flood insurance claims1586 / 882,187 / 3,143
Flood insurance paid$163,00084 / 882,194 / 3,143
Disaster declarations1627 / 882,158 / 3,143
Flood events since 199611320 / 88482 / 3,143
Hail and wind events since 199616482 / 882,259 / 3,143
Winter storm events since 19966850 / 881,515 / 3,143
Reported damage since 1996$6.2 million77 / 882,251 / 3,143
River crests at major flood stage0——
High tide flooding days a year, last 10 years0.0——
Months in severe drought since 189511543 / 881,895 / 3,143
Medium or heavy smoke days a year, last 10 years14.574 / 881,684 / 3,143
Earthquakes M4+ within 50 mi since 1900238 / 881,151 / 3,143
Earthquakes M2.5+ in the county since 197326 / 88665 / 3,143

Neighbouring counties

Neighbouring counties
Athens County540422
Gallia County840176
Hocking County740157
Jackson County740193
Meigs County640273
Ross County1620125

Sources and vintage

Every number on this page comes from these public records.

  • Tornadoes NOAA Storm Prediction Center severe weather database, through 2025.
  • Tropical cyclones NOAA National Hurricane Center HURDAT2 (Atlantic; Northeast and Central Pacific), through 2025.
  • Wildfire USGS/USFS Monitoring Trends in Burn Severity, through 2026.
  • Storm events NOAA NCEI Storm Events Database, through 2026.
  • Flood insurance OpenFEMA NFIP Redacted Claims v3, refreshed August 4, 2026.
  • Declarations OpenFEMA Disaster Declarations Summaries v2, retrieved October 30, 2026.
  • Weather records NOAA NCEI Global Historical Climatology Network Daily, station USC00334004.
  • River crests NOAA National Weather Service, National Water Prediction Service river gauges, retrieved October 30, 2026.
  • Drought NOAA NCEI nClimDiv county Palmer Drought Severity Index, through September 2026.
  • Smoke NOAA NESDIS Hazard Mapping System smoke analysis, retrieved October 30, 2026.
  • Landslides USGS Landslide Inventories across the United States, version 3.0 (2025).
  • Earthquakes USGS ANSS Comprehensive Earthquake Catalog (ComCat), retrieved October 30, 2026.

Joins, thresholds and known limits are set out in the methodology. Found an error? Report it. Page built October 30, 2026.