Kiowa County
Population 8,181 (2025) 1,015 sq mi
Kiowa County has recorded 95 tornadoes since 1950, 8th most of 77 counties in Oklahoma; the most recent was on November 18, 2024.
Hazard fingerprint Each spoke is this county’s percentile among U.S. counties where that hazard occurs. How it is computed
- Tornado damage paths since 195095
- Tropical cyclone tracks within 100 miles since 1851, wider where stronger2
- Wildfire burn scars since 19845
At a glance
The record for Kiowa County in eight numbers. Each links to its section below.
Acres burned since 1984
20,345
39th of 77 in Oklahoma
5 large fires; the largest was 62 Fire, 2022
DetailsTropical cyclones within 50 mi
1
31st of 77 in Oklahoma
None at hurricane strength since 1851
DetailsStrongest tornado
F4
May 1, 1954, 68.6 mile path
Strongest tropical cyclone
TS
Tropical storm (unnamed), 1900, 47.7 miles away
Tornadoes
About one tornado a year since 1950, 5 of them rated F3/EF3 or stronger.
Strongest
May 1, 1954
F4, 68.6 mile path
440 yards wide.
Deadliest
February 22, 1975
1 killed, F2
2 injured along the whole path.
Most recent
Monday, November 18, 2024
EFU, 2.4 mile path
2 years ago.
Every recorded tornado
| Nov 18, 2024 | EFU | 2.4 | 0 | 0 |
| Nov 18, 2024 | EFU | 3.0 | 0 | 0 |
| Apr 30, 2024 | EF0 | 0.5 | 0 | 0 |
| Feb 26, 2023 | EF1 | 7.5 | 0 | 0 |
| May 4, 2022 | EFU | 0.2 | 0 | 0 |
| Oct 12, 2021 | EF1 | 8.4 | 0 | 0 |
| Oct 12, 2021 | EF1 | 0.9 | 0 | 0 |
| Oct 10, 2021 | EF1 | 2.9 | 0 | 0 |
| Oct 10, 2021 | EFU | 0.1 | 0 | 0 |
| May 20, 2019 | EFU | 0.5 | 0 | 0 |
| May 7, 2019 | EFU | 0.5 | 0 | 0 |
| May 7, 2019 | EF2 | 3.7 | 0 | 0 |
| Oct 7, 2018 | EF0 | 0.1 | 0 | 0 |
| Oct 7, 2018 | EF0 | 0.1 | 0 | 0 |
| May 2, 2018 | EFU | 1.2 | 0 | 0 |
| May 2, 2018 | EF0 | 1.7 | 0 | 0 |
| May 16, 2015 | EF3 | 40.4 | 0 | 0 |
| May 9, 2013 | EF0 | 0.1 | 0 | 0 |
| Apr 13, 2012 | EF0 | 6.0 | 0 | 0 |
| Apr 13, 2012 | EF1 | 5.0 | 0 | 0 |
| Apr 13, 2012 | EF0 | 0.2 | 0 | 0 |
| Apr 13, 2012 | EF0 | 0.5 | 0 | 0 |
| Nov 7, 2011 | EF0 | 0.5 | 0 | 0 |
| Nov 7, 2011 | EF0 | 1.4 | 0 | 0 |
| Nov 7, 2011 | EF0 | 13.4 | 0 | 0 |
| Nov 7, 2011 | EF0 | 0.5 | 0 | 0 |
| Nov 7, 2011 | EF0 | 6.0 | 0 | 0 |
| May 19, 2011 | EF0 | 0.2 | 0 | 0 |
| Aug 18, 2007 | EF1 | 6.0 | 0 | 0 |
| Jun 5, 2005 | F1 | 1.0 | 0 | 0 |
| Jun 5, 2005 | F0 | 0.3 | 0 | 0 |
| Mar 17, 2003 | F0 | 0.1 | 0 | 0 |
| Mar 17, 2003 | F1 | 3.0 | 0 | 0 |
| Mar 17, 2003 | F1 | 1.5 | 0 | 0 |
| Oct 9, 2001 | F3 | 13.0 | 1 | 0 |
| Oct 9, 2001 | F0 | 1.0 | 0 | 0 |
| May 31, 1999 | F0 | 2.0 | 0 | 0 |
| May 3, 1999 | F0 | 0.1 | 0 | 0 |
| May 26, 1996 | F0 | 1.0 | 0 | 0 |
| Jul 9, 1995 | F0 | 2.5 | 0 | 0 |
| Jun 9, 1995 | F0 | 0.1 | 0 | 0 |
| Jun 9, 1995 | F0 | 0.7 | 0 | 0 |
| May 7, 1993 | F0 | 0.8 | 0 | 0 |
| Oct 29, 1989 | F0 | 0.1 | 0 | 0 |
| Oct 1, 1986 | F0 | 0.1 | 0 | 0 |
| May 14, 1986 | F2 | 3.0 | 0 | 0 |
| May 14, 1986 | F1 | 1.1 | 0 | 0 |
| Apr 26, 1986 | F0 | 0.1 | 0 | 0 |
| Apr 26, 1986 | F1 | 7.0 | 0 | 0 |
| Jun 2, 1985 | F0 | 0.2 | 0 | 0 |
| Jun 2, 1985 | F0 | 0.2 | 0 | 0 |
| Jun 2, 1985 | F0 | 0.2 | 0 | 0 |
| May 13, 1983 | F0 | 0.1 | 0 | 0 |
| May 13, 1983 | F2 | 0.1 | 0 | 0 |
| May 13, 1983 | F0 | 0.1 | 0 | 0 |
| May 15, 1982 | F0 | 0.1 | 0 | 0 |
| May 15, 1982 | F1 | 7.0 | 0 | 0 |
| May 15, 1982 | F1 | 7.0 | 0 | 0 |
| May 11, 1982 | F3 | 7.0 | 0 | 0 |
| Jul 21, 1981 | F2 | 0.5 | 0 | 0 |
| May 28, 1981 | F1 | 0.1 | 0 | 0 |
| May 22, 1981 | F2 | 15.4 | 0 | 0 |
| Apr 12, 1981 | F1 | 1.0 | 0 | 0 |
| Apr 11, 1981 | F0 | 0.1 | 0 | 0 |
| Jun 16, 1980 | F0 | 0.5 | 0 | 0 |
| Apr 5, 1978 | F1 | 6.2 | 0 | 0 |
| May 20, 1977 | F2 | 3.6 | 0 | 0 |
| Jun 23, 1976 | F1 | 0.3 | 0 | 0 |
| Apr 17, 1976 | F1 | 5.2 | 0 | 0 |
| Feb 22, 1975 | F2 | 4.5 | 2 | 1 |
| Jun 18, 1973 | F2 | 0.5 | 0 | 0 |
| Apr 29, 1970 | F2 | 170.5 | 2 | 0 |
| Apr 22, 1968 | F0 | 0.1 | 0 | 0 |
| Jun 5, 1962 | F1 | 0.1 | 0 | 0 |
| May 25, 1962 | F1 | 6.8 | 0 | 0 |
| May 24, 1962 | F0 | 0.1 | 0 | 0 |
| Jul 22, 1959 | F1 | 0.1 | 0 | 0 |
| Jul 22, 1959 | F1 | 0.1 | 0 | 0 |
| Jun 21, 1959 | F0 | 0.1 | 0 | 0 |
| May 19, 1959 | F1 | 22.7 | 0 | 0 |
| Mar 20, 1959 | F0 | 0.1 | 0 | 0 |
| Jun 11, 1958 | F0 | 1.0 | 0 | 0 |
| May 22, 1957 | F1 | 0.1 | 0 | 0 |
| May 22, 1957 | F2 | 14.7 | 0 | 0 |
| Apr 2, 1957 | F2 | 43.7 | 1 | 0 |
| Jun 17, 1955 | F0 | 0.5 | 0 | 0 |
| Jun 14, 1955 | F2 | 17.6 | 0 | 0 |
| May 11, 1955 | F0 | 0.1 | 0 | 0 |
| Jul 8, 1954 | F0 | 0.1 | 0 | 0 |
| May 1, 1954 | F4 | 68.6 | 2 | 0 |
| Aug 11, 1953 | F1 | 0.1 | 0 | 0 |
| Aug 4, 1953 | F0 | 0.1 | 0 | 0 |
| Jun 5, 1953 | F0 | 0.1 | 0 | 0 |
| May 23, 1952 | F1 | 16.9 | 0 | 0 |
| Apr 28, 1950 | F3 | 20.8 | 1 | 1 |
- Injuries and deaths are for the tornado’s whole path, which may extend beyond the county. Deaths recorded within Kiowa County: 2.
- Weak tornadoes were under-recorded before Doppler radar coverage became national in the early 1990s, so earlier decades read low. Ratings use the Fujita scale before February 2007 and the Enhanced Fujita scale after.
Storm Prediction Center severe weather database, 1950 to 2025.
Hurricanes and tropical storms
1 passed within 50 miles since 1851; none at hurricane strength.
Strongest within 50 miles
September 10, 1900
Unnamed storm, Tropical storm
47.7 miles at closest approach, winds near 46 mph.
Most recent
August 19, 2007
Erin, Remnant low
6.2 miles at closest approach.
Every storm within 100 miles
- Tropical storms and hurricanes (34 kt or more, still tropical) at closest approach. Post-tropical remnants with gale-force winds are listed but not counted. Direct: track within 50 miles; near: within 100 miles. Distance is measured to the county boundary for counties and to the city centre for cities, using positions interpolated hourly between HURDAT2 fixes.
National Hurricane Center HURDAT2, 1851 to 2025.
Wildfire and smoke
20,345 acres burned in 5 large fires since 1984, equal to 3.1% of the land.
Largest
March 13, 2022
62 Fire, 9,800 acres
9,802 acres inside Kiowa County.
Most recent
March 13, 2022
62 Fire
9,800 acres in total.
Every large fire
| 62 Fire | 2022 | 9,802 | 9,800 |
| Flat Top | 2017 | 2,363 | 2,376 |
| Townley Road | 2012 | 6,971 | 24,125 |
| Kimball Ranch | 2005 | 233 | 4,104 |
| Westside | 1996 | 973 | 16,704 |
- Large fires mapped by the Monitoring Trends in Burn Severity program since 1984: 1,000 acres or more in the West, 500 or more in the East. Prescribed burns are excluded. Acres here are the part of each perimeter inside this place.
Monitoring Trends in Burn Severity (USGS and U.S. Forest Service), 1984 to 2026.
Smoke overhead
Smokiest year
2021: 39 days
Heavy smoke on 10 days in 2021, the most of any year.
Last 10 years
15.3 days a year
Medium or heavy smoke, 2016 to 2025.
2025
4 days
Medium or heavy smoke. 20 so far in 2026.
- A smoke day is a date on which a smoke plume traced by NOAA Hazard Mapping System analysts from satellite imagery covered this place's point (the county's population centre or the city centre). Counts here are of medium or heavy smoke. Since 2018 analysts have often drawn light smoke as one area over most of the continent, so light-smoke counts are not comparable from year to year. The plumes show smoke anywhere in the air above, not air quality at the ground, and smoke hidden by cloud is missed.
NOAA Hazard Mapping System smoke analysis, 2011 to 2026, retrieved October 30, 2026.
Floods and flood insurance
22 federal flood insurance claims since 1979, with $516,000 paid.
Claims by ZIP code
| 73566 | 11 | $404,000 |
| 73651 | 8 | $87,000 |
Flood events since 1996
- Flash Flood37
- Flood8
- Heavy Rain3
This product uses the Federal Emergency Management Agency's OpenFEMA API, but is not endorsed by FEMA. The Federal Government or FEMA cannot vouch for the data or analyses derived from these data after the data have been retrieved from the Agency's website(s).
OpenFEMA NFIP Redacted Claims v3, refreshed August 4, 2026. NOAA Storm Events through 2026.
Drought
In severe drought or worse for 170 of 1,581 months since 1895 (11%); the longest spell lasted 14 months.
170
Months in severe drought or worse since 1895
49
Months in extreme drought
11%
Share of all months, severe or worse
135
Drought reports to the Weather Service since 1996
Lowest reading
September 2011
−6.44, extreme drought
Longest severe spell
14 months
October 1910 to November 1911.
Latest month
September 2026
−6.33, extreme drought
- The Palmer Drought Severity Index is computed by NOAA each month from the county's average temperature and precipitation, relative to the county's own climate. Zero is normal; -3 or lower is severe drought and -4 or lower extreme drought. It describes the long-term balance of moisture, not water supply or crop losses.
NOAA NCEI nClimDiv county Palmer Drought Severity Index, 1895 to September 2026, issued October 6, 2026.
Earthquakes
1 earthquake of magnitude 4 or more within 50 miles since 1900; the largest was magnitude 4.2 in 1959.
1
Magnitude 2.5+ inside the county since 1973
37
Magnitude 3+ within 50 miles since 1973
1
Magnitude 4+ within 50 miles since 1900
0
Magnitude 5+ within 50 miles since 1900
Largest within 50 miles
June 17, 1959
Magnitude 4.2
3 km ENE of Central High, Oklahoma; 35.4 miles away, 3.1 miles deep.
Most recent, magnitude 3 or more
February 19, 2026
Magnitude 3.1
8 km ENE of Calumet, Oklahoma; 48.5 miles away.
Every earthquake of magnitude 4 or more within 50 miles
| Jun 17, 1959 | 4.2 | 35.4 |
- Earthquakes of magnitude 2.5 or more in the USGS Comprehensive Catalog since 1900. Within 50 miles means the epicentre lies within 50 miles of the county boundary (or inside the county).
- Small earthquakes were under-recorded before the modern seismic networks of the 1970s and are still missed in remote areas, so early decades read low. Magnitudes are as the catalogue reports them and mix scales (moment, local and body-wave).
USGS ANSS Comprehensive Earthquake Catalog, 1900 to present, retrieved October 30, 2026.
Severe weather and other events
1,390 events in the National Weather Service record, 1,012 of them since 1996.
382
Hail reports, 1 inch or larger
69
Hail, 2 inches or larger
254
Damaging gusts, 58 mph+
46
Winter weather events since 1996
59
Heat events since 1996
11
Cold events since 1996
Largest hail
May 23, 2011
6.00 inches
Strongest measured or estimated gust
August 17, 1994
97 mph
More event types since 1996
| Lightning | 1 | 0 |
| Dust storms and dust devils | 1 | 0 |
| Dense fog and smoke | 4 | 0 |
Costliest events since 1996
- Dec 27, 2015Ice Storm, Kiowa$2.5 million
National Weather Service narrative
Damage estimates reported by local power companies.
- Nov 27, 2015Ice Storm, Kiowa$787,000
National Weather Service narrative
Observed 0.25 inches of ice accumulation. Damage estimates are from local power cooperatives.
- May 31, 1999Thunderstorm Wind$200,000
National Weather Service narrative
Severe thunderstorms affected much of western Oklahoma and portions of central Oklahoma during the afternoon and evening of May 31st, and the early morning of June 1st. Although 7 tornadoes were confirmed across western Oklahoma, all on the 31st, only 2 of them caused damage. The most extensive damage during this severe weather outbreak was caused by straight-line winds and occurred across southern Kiowa and western Comanche Counties during the evening of the 31st. A very large swath of damaging straight-line winds developed on the west side of Tom Steed Lake in southern Kiowa County and expanded in coverage as it moved through all of southern Kiowa County, at times 10 to 15 miles…
- Jun 13, 2007Flash Flood$150,000
National Weather Service narrative
Two swift-water rescues were initiated due to high water in Hobart. Two bridges were heavily damaged. Thirty homes and eight business reported some kind of flood damage. Four-hundred and fifty feet of railroad tracks along HWY 9 in Hobart were washed out. Monetary damages were estimated.
- Dec 26, 2000Winter Storm, Kiowa$150,000
National Weather Service narrative
A major winter storm developed during the evening of the 25th across all of western, central, and southeast Oklahoma, with significant accumulations of snow and ice beginning shortly after 0000 CST on the 26th. Mainly snow fell across northwest Oklahoma with accumulations between 8 and 12 inches reported across northern Beckham, Roger Mills, and southern Ellis Counties. Snow amounts varied widely across the rest of northwest Oklahoma with 4 to 8 inches falling across portions of Dewey and Custer Counties, and only 1 to 2 inches across Woods and Alfalfa Counties, however even in areas where snow amounts were light, significant disruptions in travel and power outages were reported.A…
- Jun 14, 2007Flash Flood$100,000
National Weather Service narrative
Widespread flooding was reported in the city of Hobart due to rapidly rising water. Several houses were evacuated due to the high water. 35-40 people in total were evacuated from their homes. Access to some of the houses could not be done without a boat. The intersection of HWY 9 and Eastern was closed with four feet of water flowing over it. Monetary damages were estimated.
- Aug 10, 1997Flash Flood$100,000
National Weather Service narrative
After 8.6 inches of rain fell in less than 12 hours, portions of Hobart suffered from severe flash flooding. Seven houses and several businesses, including a carpet store, a saloon, and a radio station, were flooded. Two homes in the 700 block of South Monroe were evacuated due to rising water. Numerous roads were covered by flash flood waters, and eight to ten people had to be rescued from their vehicles by emergency personnel.
- Feb 26, 2023Tornado$100,000
National Weather Service narrative
A large tornado was observed by spotters and chasers east of Lone Wolf, crossing State Highway 9 and moving northwest of Hobart. An NWS storm survey team found numerous trees and power poles damaged, and at least six barns or outbuildings damaged.
- Oct 20, 1996Thunderstorm Wind$75,000
National Weather Service narrative
Two sheds (25x30 and 25x50 ft) blew into the west and north side of a house. As both sheds were moving, they smashed a parked car. Numerous boards were also blown into the same house. Damage was estimated at $75,000. Also, power lines were blown down at the same location.
- Mar 14, 2025High Wind, Kiowa$75,000
National Weather Service narrative
High winds caused damage in the Snyder community including, a roof blown off a building, shed damage and downed trees. Event time is approximate.
- Storm Events records before 1996 cover only tornadoes, thunderstorm wind and hail. Damage figures are as reported by the National Weather Service at the time, not adjusted for inflation.
NOAA NCEI Storm Events Database, 1950 to 2026, issued October 26, 2026.
Weather records
From Hobart Municipal Airport, 4.1 miles from the county’s population centre, with records from 1910.
- All-time high
- 117°FJul 19, 1936
- All-time low
- −10°F2 times, most recently Jan 22, 1930
- Warmest night
- 89°FJul 28, 2011
- Coldest day
- 5°FJan 12, 1912
- Wettest day
- 6.20 inJul 5, 2010
- Snowiest day
- 12.0 inDec 6, 1942
- Hottest year
- 2024mean 64.5°F
- Coldest year
- 1979mean 58.5°F
- Wettest year
- 194145.89 in
- Driest year
- 191012.72 in
- Snowiest season
- 17.0 in1923-24
Median first snow
December 28
Earliest: November 9, 1977
Median last snow
February 21
Latest: April 8, 1938
4 of 60 winters had no measurable snow.
Station Hobart Municipal Airport (USW00093986), 1,553 ft elevation, 4.1 miles from the population centre. Daily records from 1910 to October 26, 2026; 99.3% of days in the last 30 years are complete. Records at a single station can differ from a city’s official threaded record, which may combine several stations.
NOAA NCEI Global Historical Climatology Network Daily.
Federal disaster declarations
36 since 1953. The most recent: Sunny Fire, December 19, 2025.
| Dec 19, 2025 | Fire | FM-5615-OK |
| Feb 24, 2021 | Severe Ice Storm | DR-4587-OK |
| Feb 17, 2021 | Severe Ice Storm | EM-3555-OK |
| Dec 21, 2020 | Severe Ice Storm | DR-4575-OK |
| Apr 5, 2020 | Biological | DR-4530-OK |
| Mar 13, 2020 | Biological | EM-3462-OK |
| Jun 1, 2019 | Severe Storm | DR-4438-OK |
| May 26, 2017 | Severe Storm | DR-4315-OK |
| Feb 10, 2016 | Severe Storm | DR-4256-OK |
| Dec 29, 2015 | Severe Ice Storm | DR-4247-OK |
| May 26, 2015 | Severe Storm | DR-4222-OK |
| Feb 2, 2011 | Severe Storm | EM-3316-OK |
| Mar 5, 2010 | Severe Ice Storm | DR-1883-OK |
| Feb 25, 2010 | Severe Storm | DR-1876-OK |
| Jan 30, 2010 | Severe Storm | EM-3308-OK |
| Jul 9, 2008 | Severe Storm | DR-1775-OK |
| Jun 5, 2008 | Fire | FM-2769-OK |
| Dec 10, 2007 | Severe Ice Storm | EM-3280-OK |
| Aug 24, 2007 | Severe Storm | DR-1718-OK |
| Jul 7, 2007 | Severe Storm | DR-1712-OK |
| Jun 7, 2007 | Severe Storm | DR-1707-OK |
| Jan 14, 2007 | Severe Ice Storm | EM-3272-OK |
| Jan 10, 2006 | Fire | DR-1623-OK |
| Sep 5, 2005 | Hurricane | EM-3219-OK |
| Feb 4, 2003 | Severe Ice Storm | DR-1452-OK |
| Feb 1, 2002 | Severe Ice Storm | DR-1401-OK |
| Oct 25, 2001 | Severe Storm | DR-1395-OK |
| Jun 29, 2001 | Severe Storm | DR-1384-OK |
| Jan 5, 2001 | Severe Ice Storm | DR-1355-OK |
| Nov 27, 2000 | Severe Storm | DR-1349-OK |
| Sep 1, 1995 | Severe Storm | DR-1066-OK |
| Jun 26, 1995 | Tornado | DR-1058-OK |
| May 12, 1993 | Severe Storm | DR-991-OK |
| Jul 9, 1987 | Flood | DR-794-OK |
| Oct 14, 1986 | Flood | DR-778-OK |
| Oct 26, 1983 | Flood | DR-693-OK |
This product uses the Federal Emergency Management Agency's OpenFEMA API, but is not endorsed by FEMA. The Federal Government or FEMA cannot vouch for the data or analyses derived from these data after the data have been retrieved from the Agency's website(s).
OpenFEMA Disaster Declarations Summaries, retrieved October 30, 2026. Statewide declarations are not listed.
How this compares
Where Kiowa County stands among 77 counties in Oklahoma and 3,143 in the United States.
| Tornadoes since 1950 | 95 | 8 / 77 |
| Tornadoes rated F3/EF3 or stronger | 5 | 33 / 77 |
| Tropical cyclones within 50 mi | 1 | 31 / 77 |
| Hurricane-strength passes within 50 mi | 0 | — |
| Wildfire acres since 1984 | 20,345 | 39 / 77 |
| Flood insurance claims | 22 | 41 / 77 |
| Flood insurance paid | $516,000 | 36 / 77 |
| Disaster declarations | 36 | 18 / 77 |
| Flood events since 1996 | 48 | 34 / 77 |
| Hail and wind events since 1996 | 662 | 16 / 77 |
| Winter storm events since 1996 | 46 | 43 / 77 |
| Reported damage since 1996 | $5.2 million | 64 / 77 |
| River crests at major flood stage | 0 | — |
| High tide flooding days a year, last 10 years | 0.0 | — |
| Months in severe drought since 1895 | 170 | 10 / 77 |
| Medium or heavy smoke days a year, last 10 years | 15.3 | 61 / 77 |
| Earthquakes M4+ within 50 mi since 1900 | 1 | 59 / 77 |
| Earthquakes M2.5+ in the county since 1973 | 1 | 50 / 77 |
Neighbouring counties
| Beckham County | 75 | 0 |
| Caddo County | 132 | 1 |
| Comanche County | 67 | 1 |
| Greer County | 46 | 0 |
| Jackson County | 80 | 0 |
| Tillman County | 91 | 1 |
| Washita County | 57 | 1 |
Sources and vintage
Every number on this page comes from these public records.
- Tornadoes NOAA Storm Prediction Center severe weather database, through 2025.
- Tropical cyclones NOAA National Hurricane Center HURDAT2 (Atlantic; Northeast and Central Pacific), through 2025.
- Wildfire USGS/USFS Monitoring Trends in Burn Severity, through 2026.
- Storm events NOAA NCEI Storm Events Database, through 2026.
- Flood insurance OpenFEMA NFIP Redacted Claims v3, refreshed August 4, 2026.
- Declarations OpenFEMA Disaster Declarations Summaries v2, retrieved October 30, 2026.
- Weather records NOAA NCEI Global Historical Climatology Network Daily, station USW00093986.
- River crests NOAA National Weather Service, National Water Prediction Service river gauges, retrieved October 30, 2026.
- Drought NOAA NCEI nClimDiv county Palmer Drought Severity Index, through September 2026.
- Smoke NOAA NESDIS Hazard Mapping System smoke analysis, retrieved October 30, 2026.
- Earthquakes USGS ANSS Comprehensive Earthquake Catalog (ComCat), retrieved October 30, 2026.
Joins, thresholds and known limits are set out in the methodology. Found an error? Report it. Page built October 30, 2026.