Muskogee County
Population 66,708 (2025) 811 sq mi
Muskogee County has recorded 66 tornadoes since 1950, 34th most of 77 counties in Oklahoma; the most recent was on May 19, 2025.
Hazard fingerprint Each spoke is this county’s percentile among U.S. counties where that hazard occurs. How it is computed
- Tornado damage paths since 195066
- Tropical cyclone tracks within 100 miles since 1851, wider where stronger2
- Wildfire burn scars since 198419
- Major flood years since 19782
At a glance
The record for Muskogee County in eight numbers. Each links to its section below.
Acres burned since 1984
55,458
22nd of 77 in Oklahoma
19 large fires; the largest was Unnamed, 2004
DetailsTropical cyclones within 50 mi
1
31st of 77 in Oklahoma
None at hurricane strength since 1851
DetailsStrongest tornado
F4
May 26, 1973, 3.6 mile path
Strongest tropical cyclone
TS
Tropical storm (unnamed), 1902, 11.4 miles away
Federal disaster declarations
34
Most recent: Severe Storms, Straight-Line Winds, Tornadoes, and Flooding, 2024
DetailsTornadoes
About one every 1.2 years since 1950, 3 of them rated F3/EF3 or stronger.
Strongest
May 26, 1973
F4, 3.6 mile path
500 yards wide; 5 killed along the whole path.
Most recent
Monday, May 19, 2025
EF1, 9.5 mile path
Within the past year.
Every recorded tornado
| May 19, 2025 | EF1 | 9.5 | 0 | 0 |
| Nov 4, 2024 | EFU | 0.1 | 0 | 0 |
| Nov 4, 2024 | EFU | 0.2 | 0 | 0 |
| Apr 27, 2024 | EF1 | 6.2 | 0 | 0 |
| Oct 10, 2021 | EF1 | 13.7 | 0 | 0 |
| May 15, 2020 | EF1 | 4.8 | 1 | 0 |
| Oct 20, 2019 | EF0 | 8.3 | 0 | 0 |
| May 22, 2019 | EF0 | 0.2 | 0 | 0 |
| Apr 30, 2019 | EF1 | 2.3 | 0 | 0 |
| Nov 30, 2018 | EF1 | 7.1 | 0 | 0 |
| May 18, 2017 | EF1 | 16.6 | 0 | 0 |
| May 18, 2017 | EF1 | 3.7 | 0 | 0 |
| May 18, 2017 | EF2 | 2.8 | 0 | 0 |
| May 18, 2017 | EF1 | 2.0 | 0 | 0 |
| May 18, 2017 | EF1 | 5.3 | 0 | 0 |
| Apr 26, 2016 | EF1 | 5.1 | 0 | 0 |
| May 29, 2015 | EF1 | 5.0 | 0 | 0 |
| Mar 30, 2013 | EF0 | 1.1 | 0 | 0 |
| May 24, 2011 | EF2 | 10.2 | 0 | 0 |
| May 10, 2010 | EF1 | 13.0 | 3 | 0 |
| May 10, 2010 | EF1 | 2.0 | 0 | 0 |
| Mar 27, 2008 | EF0 | 0.1 | 0 | 0 |
| Jul 9, 2007 | EF1 | 0.2 | 0 | 0 |
| Apr 22, 2004 | F0 | 2.0 | 0 | 0 |
| Apr 22, 2004 | F0 | 80.0 | 0 | 0 |
| May 6, 2003 | F0 | 0.2 | 0 | 0 |
| May 1, 2003 | F1 | 1.7 | 0 | 0 |
| May 1, 2003 | F1 | 2.0 | 0 | 0 |
| Mar 26, 2000 | F0 | 0.2 | 0 | 0 |
| Jun 1, 1999 | F1 | 2.3 | 0 | 0 |
| May 11, 1999 | F0 | 0.5 | 0 | 0 |
| May 11, 1999 | F0 | 0.5 | 0 | 0 |
| May 4, 1999 | F0 | 0.5 | 0 | 0 |
| Apr 22, 1999 | F0 | 1.0 | 0 | 0 |
| May 6, 1998 | F0 | 0.1 | 0 | 0 |
| May 6, 1998 | F0 | 0.1 | 0 | 0 |
| Apr 17, 1995 | F0 | 0.1 | 0 | 0 |
| May 11, 1992 | F0 | 0.2 | 8 | 0 |
| May 20, 1989 | F0 | 0.2 | 0 | 0 |
| Apr 29, 1984 | F0 | 0.1 | 0 | 0 |
| Mar 15, 1984 | F0 | 0.1 | 0 | 0 |
| Jul 30, 1983 | F0 | 0.1 | 0 | 0 |
| May 28, 1981 | F1 | 0.1 | 0 | 0 |
| May 17, 1981 | F2 | 0.1 | 0 | 0 |
| May 30, 1980 | F0 | 0.1 | 0 | 0 |
| Apr 11, 1979 | F0 | 0.1 | 0 | 0 |
| Jul 25, 1977 | F2 | 4.5 | 0 | 0 |
| May 19, 1977 | F1 | 0.1 | 2 | 0 |
| Dec 5, 1975 | F3 | 27.0 | 0 | 0 |
| May 26, 1973 | F4 | 3.6 | 25 | 5 |
| May 5, 1971 | F3 | 37.0 | 0 | 0 |
| Apr 9, 1967 | F0 | 0.1 | 0 | 0 |
| Apr 11, 1965 | F2 | 0.1 | 0 | 0 |
| Apr 8, 1965 | F2 | 0.3 | 0 | 0 |
| Aug 8, 1962 | F0 | 0.1 | 0 | 0 |
| May 19, 1960 | F1 | 0.1 | 0 | 0 |
| May 5, 1960 | F2 | 4.9 | 0 | 0 |
| Mar 25, 1959 | F2 | 0.1 | 0 | 0 |
| May 24, 1957 | F0 | 10.8 | 0 | 0 |
| Jan 21, 1957 | F1 | 5.7 | 0 | 0 |
| Nov 20, 1956 | F2 | 3.6 | 0 | 0 |
| Feb 24, 1956 | F1 | 0.1 | 0 | 0 |
| May 25, 1954 | F2 | 0.1 | 0 | 0 |
| Mar 24, 1954 | F2 | 1.0 | 0 | 0 |
| Nov 19, 1953 | F1 | 0.1 | 0 | 0 |
| Jun 7, 1951 | F2 | 0.1 | 1 | 0 |
- Injuries and deaths are for the tornado’s whole path, which may extend beyond the county. Deaths recorded within Muskogee County: 5.
- Weak tornadoes were under-recorded before Doppler radar coverage became national in the early 1990s, so earlier decades read low. Ratings use the Fujita scale before February 2007 and the Enhanced Fujita scale after.
Storm Prediction Center severe weather database, 1950 to 2025.
Hurricanes and tropical storms
1 passed within 50 miles since 1851; none at hurricane strength.
Strongest within 50 miles
June 28, 1902
Unnamed storm, Tropical storm
11.4 miles at closest approach, winds near 40 mph.
Most recent
September 14, 2008
Ike, Tropical storm
67.9 miles at closest approach.
Every storm within 100 miles
- Tropical storms and hurricanes (34 kt or more, still tropical) at closest approach. Post-tropical remnants with gale-force winds are listed but not counted. Direct: track within 50 miles; near: within 100 miles. Distance is measured to the county boundary for counties and to the city centre for cities, using positions interpolated hourly between HURDAT2 fixes.
National Hurricane Center HURDAT2, 1851 to 2025.
Wildfire and smoke
55,458 acres burned in 19 large fires since 1984, equal to 11% of the land.
Largest
April 2, 2004
Unnamed Fire, 12,103 acres
12,077 acres inside Muskogee County.
Most recent
March 21, 2017
Persimmon Ridge Fire
5,335 acres in total.
Every large fire
| Persimmon Ridge | 2017 | 177 | 5,335 |
| Hilltop | 2017 | 6,523 | 6,524 |
| 2 Mile Road Fire | 2016 | 49 | 1,323 |
| Gruber | 2011 | 4,831 | 4,828 |
| Unnamed | 2011 | 3,298 | 3,302 |
| Persimmon Ridge Rd | 2010 | 1,934 | 1,939 |
| Holt Mountain | 2008 | 2,189 | 2,191 |
| Unnamed | 2007 | 6,701 | 18,093 |
| Dirty Creek Fire | 2006 | 795 | 1,047 |
| Wainwright | 2006 | 2,761 | 2,763 |
| Wildhorse Prairie Fire | 2005 | 1,380 | 1,660 |
| Holt Mtn | 2005 | 2,876 | 2,874 |
| Unnamed | 2004 | 12,077 | 12,103 |
| Unnamed | 1996 | 1,297 | 1,355 |
| Unnamed | 1995 | 566 | 1,049 |
| Unnamed | 1995 | 3,037 | 3,041 |
| Unnamed | 1992 | 3,687 | 3,700 |
| Unnamed | 1992 | 26 | 2,437 |
| Unnamed | 1989 | 1,245 | 1,245 |
- Large fires mapped by the Monitoring Trends in Burn Severity program since 1984: 1,000 acres or more in the West, 500 or more in the East. Prescribed burns are excluded. Acres here are the part of each perimeter inside this place.
Monitoring Trends in Burn Severity (USGS and U.S. Forest Service), 1984 to 2026.
Smoke overhead
Smokiest year
2023: 46 days
Heavy smoke on 13 days in 2021, the most of any year.
Last 10 years
18.8 days a year
Medium or heavy smoke, 2016 to 2025.
2025
8 days
Medium or heavy smoke. 29 so far in 2026.
- A smoke day is a date on which a smoke plume traced by NOAA Hazard Mapping System analysts from satellite imagery covered this place's point (the county's population centre or the city centre). Counts here are of medium or heavy smoke. Since 2018 analysts have often drawn light smoke as one area over most of the continent, so light-smoke counts are not comparable from year to year. The plumes show smoke anywhere in the air above, not air quality at the ground, and smoke hidden by cloud is missed.
NOAA Hazard Mapping System smoke analysis, 2011 to 2026, retrieved October 30, 2026.
Floods and flood insurance
260 federal flood insurance claims since 1979, with $15.8 million paid.
Most claims in one year
2019: 51 claims
$8.2 million paid.
2nd most
2022: 43 claims
$3.6 million paid.
3rd most
2004: 22 claims
$594,000 paid.
Claims by ZIP code
| 74403 | 177 | $7.0 million |
| 74434 | 60 | $6.7 million |
| 74470 | 11 | $1.1 million |
| 74401 | 5 | $614,000 |
Flood events since 1996
- Flash Flood76
- Flood23
4 deaths recorded in flood events since 1996.
This product uses the Federal Emergency Management Agency's OpenFEMA API, but is not endorsed by FEMA. The Federal Government or FEMA cannot vouch for the data or analyses derived from these data after the data have been retrieved from the Agency's website(s).
OpenFEMA NFIP Redacted Claims v3, refreshed August 4, 2026. NOAA Storm Events through 2026.
River crests
Most severe crest
May 21, 1943
Arkansas River near Muskogee, 48.20 ft
20.20 feet above the 28.0 ft flood stage; major flooding by today’s categories.
Most recent moderate or major crest
June 24, 2019
Arkansas River near Muskogee, 33.07 ft
Moderate flooding.
River gauges
| Arkansas River near Haskell | 19.0 | 26.02 ft | 2 |
| Arkansas River near Muskogee | 28.0 | 48.20 ft | 11 |
| Eastern Oklahoma Lakes at Webbers Falls Lock and Dam | 490.5 | — | 0 |
- Crests are the highest and the recent crests the National Weather Service lists for each river gauge in the county that has a flood stage, not every flood. Flood categories use each gauge's current flood stages; crests from before levees, dams or channel changes may not be comparable. Crests measured on an old datum are left out of the rankings.
NOAA National Water Prediction Service gauge records, retrieved October 30, 2026.
Drought
In severe drought or worse for 98 of 1,581 months since 1895 (6%); the longest spell lasted 13 months.
98
Months in severe drought or worse since 1895
32
Months in extreme drought
6%
Share of all months, severe or worse
50
Drought reports to the Weather Service since 1996
Lowest reading
August 1936
−5.91, extreme drought
Longest severe spell
13 months
July 1954 to July 1955.
Latest month
September 2026
−2.60, moderate drought
Last severe month: March 2017.
- The Palmer Drought Severity Index is computed by NOAA each month from the county's average temperature and precipitation, relative to the county's own climate. Zero is normal; -3 or lower is severe drought and -4 or lower extreme drought. It describes the long-term balance of moisture, not water supply or crop losses.
NOAA NCEI nClimDiv county Palmer Drought Severity Index, 1895 to September 2026, issued October 6, 2026.
Earthquakes and landslides
1 earthquake of magnitude 4 or more within 50 miles since 1900; the largest was magnitude 4.0 in 1956.
0
Magnitude 2.5+ inside the county since 1973
56
Magnitude 3+ within 50 miles since 1973
1
Magnitude 4+ within 50 miles since 1900
0
Magnitude 5+ within 50 miles since 1900
Largest within 50 miles
October 30, 1956
Magnitude 4.0
5 km WNW of Catoosa, Oklahoma; 23.8 miles away.
Most recent, magnitude 3 or more
June 3, 2022
Magnitude 3.2
10 km W of Quinton, Oklahoma; 14.1 miles away.
Every earthquake of magnitude 4 or more within 50 miles
| Oct 30, 1956 | 4.0 | 23.8 |
- Earthquakes of magnitude 2.5 or more in the USGS Comprehensive Catalog since 1900. Within 50 miles means the epicentre lies within 50 miles of the county boundary (or inside the county).
- Small earthquakes were under-recorded before the modern seismic networks of the 1970s and are still missed in remote areas, so early decades read low. Magnitudes are as the catalogue reports them and mix scales (moment, local and body-wave).
USGS ANSS Comprehensive Earthquake Catalog, 1900 to present, retrieved October 30, 2026.
Mapped landslides
1
Landslides mapped, probable or better
1
With a recorded date
1
Source inventory
Mapped by NASA (1).
- Landslides mapped in the USGS compilation of landslide inventories across the United States (version 3.0, 2025), rated probable or better. The compilation joins inventories made by federal and state agencies for different purposes and areas, so the number mapped in a county reflects how closely it has been surveyed as much as how often its slopes fail. An area with few records may simply not have been mapped. Deaths are as recorded in the inventories; a slide listed in two inventories is counted once.
USGS Landslide Inventories across the United States, version 3.0, retrieved October 27, 2026.
Severe weather and other events
1,105 events in the National Weather Service record, 869 of them since 1996.
172
Hail reports, 1 inch or larger
17
Hail, 2 inches or larger
269
Damaging gusts, 58 mph+
45
Winter weather events since 1996
64
Heat events since 1996
0
Cold events since 1996
Largest hail
March 26, 2000
4.50 inches
Strongest measured or estimated gust
June 7, 1966
104 mph
More event types since 1996
| Lightning | 3 | 0 |
Costliest events since 1996
- Dec 9, 2007Ice Storm, Muskogee$15.0 million
National Weather Service narrative
Up to one and a half inches of ice accumulated on trees, power lines, and other exposed surfaces.
- Jan 12, 2007Winter Storm, Muskogee$10.5 million
National Weather Service narrative
An arctic cold front moved into northeastern Oklahoma during the late evening hours of the 11th and had finally passed through the southeastern portion of the state by the evening of the 12th. A strong upper level low pressure system moved into the southern Rockies and several disturbances translated across the Southern Plains bringing periods of heavy sleet and freezing rain to the region. The initial precipitation began around daybreak on the 12th and the final round occurred on the 14th. |A devastating swath of one to three inch ice amounts fell in an estimated 60 to 80 mile wide band from roughly Atoka to McAlester to Muskogee to Grove. An estimated 120,000 electric customers…
- Jun 1, 1999Tornado$2.0 million
National Weather Service narrative
An F1 tornado touched down near the Port of Muskogee and moved south for 2.25 miles, lifting just south of Three Forks Park. This tornado destroyed three structures belonging to one business, destroyed two business outbuildings at 3-Forks Park, caused minor damage to one business under construction, and affected eight single family dwellings. The most newsworthy result of this tornado was damage directly inflicted upon the OG&E electrical generation plant. The tornado damaged a coal conveyor belt and a cooling tower. The damage was enough to shut down two of the plant's four coal-powered generating units. At the Fansteel plant, six buildings were torn down by the tornado, causing…
- Apr 14, 2026Tornado$750,000
National Weather Service narrative
This tornado developed just east of Highway 69, northeast of Summit, where trees were uprooted, homes were damaged, and power poles were snapped. The tornado moved northeast across Highway 64, damaging numerous homes, snapping and uprooting trees, and snapping power poles. It then crossed Highway 351 and turned to the east along Hancock Street, before crossing the Arkansas River and dissipating east of Highway 10. A few trees were uprooted and numerous large tree limbs were snapped in the path east of Highway 351. Based on this damage, maximum estimated wind in the tornado was 100 to 110 mph.
- Jan 1, 2006Wildfire, Muskogee$500,000
National Weather Service narrative
Grass fires fueled by high winds raced across an estimated 16,000 acres southwest of Muskogee destroying four homes, several barns and a lot of hay.
- May 15, 2020Tornado$350,000
National Weather Service narrative
This tornado developed along Elm Grove Road, west of S 25th Street E, where outbuildings were damaged, and trees were uprooted. It moved eastward damaging or destroying about sixteen homes, destroying a number of outbuildings, uprooting numerous trees, and snapping numerous power poles until it dissipated just east of the Muskogee Turnpike. Based on this damage, maximum estimated wind in the tornado was 100 to 110 mph.
- May 18, 2017Tornado$350,000
National Weather Service narrative
This tornado developed over the north side of Muskogee where it damaged homes and snapped or uprooted trees. The tornado destroyed a well-constructed metal framed building south of Highway 62, and then tore the roof off a couple apartment buildings north of Highway 62. Trees and power poles were snapped and businesses along Highway 62 had roof damage and broken windows. The tornado continued northeast destroying outbuildings and blowing down trees, dissipating northeast of the intersection of N Main and E Harris Road. Based on this damage, maximum estimated wind in the tornado was 115 to 125 mph.
- Jun 17, 2023Thunderstorm Wind$346,000
National Weather Service narrative
Thunderstorm wind resulted in at least $346,000 in debris removal and damage to the utility infrastructure across the county during this severe thunderstorm.
- May 1, 2003Tornado$300,000
National Weather Service narrative
This tornado shortly followed the previous tornado near Fort Gibson. The damage path started within the property of the port of Muskogee and crossed the Arkansas River before dissipating near U. S. Highway 62. Several large trees were damaged or uprooted. Multiple buildings lost sections of sheet metal and overhead doors. A few examples of light structural damage were found.
- May 20, 2001Thunderstorm Wind$250,000
National Weather Service narrative
Thunderstorm winds blew the roofs off a few businesses and overturned a few trailers. The wind also overturned a few semi trucks and RVs.
- Storm Events records before 1996 cover only tornadoes, thunderstorm wind and hail. Damage figures are as reported by the National Weather Service at the time, not adjusted for inflation.
NOAA NCEI Storm Events Database, 1950 to 2026, issued October 26, 2026.
Weather records
From Muskogee Davis Field, 3.7 miles from the county’s population centre, with records from 1996.
- All-time high
- 113°FAug 3, 2011
- All-time low
- −11°FFeb 16, 2021
- Warmest night
- 82°F3 times, most recently Aug 19, 2026
- Coldest day
- 5°FFeb 15, 2021
- Wettest day
- 6.40 inDec 27, 2015
- Hottest year
- 2024mean 64.2°F
- Coldest year
- 2013mean 59.1°F
- Wettest year
- 201568.75 in
- Driest year
- 200525.80 in
Station Muskogee Davis Field (USW00093953), 602 ft elevation, 3.7 miles from the population centre. Daily records from 1996 to October 26, 2026; 98.9% of days in the last 30 years are complete. Records at a single station can differ from a city’s official threaded record, which may combine several stations.
NOAA NCEI Global Historical Climatology Network Daily.
Federal disaster declarations
34 since 1953. The most recent: Severe Storms, Straight-Line Winds, Tornadoes, and Flooding, June 14, 2024.
| Jun 14, 2024 | Severe Storm | DR-4791-OK |
| Jul 19, 2023 | Severe Storm | DR-4721-OK |
| Jun 29, 2022 | Severe Storm | DR-4657-OK |
| Feb 24, 2021 | Severe Ice Storm | DR-4587-OK |
| Feb 17, 2021 | Severe Ice Storm | EM-3555-OK |
| Apr 5, 2020 | Biological | DR-4530-OK |
| Mar 13, 2020 | Biological | EM-3462-OK |
| Jun 1, 2019 | Severe Storm | DR-4438-OK |
| May 25, 2019 | Flood | EM-3411-OK |
| Jul 25, 2017 | Tornado | DR-4324-OK |
| May 26, 2017 | Severe Storm | DR-4315-OK |
| Feb 10, 2016 | Severe Storm | DR-4256-OK |
| May 26, 2015 | Severe Storm | DR-4222-OK |
| May 27, 2011 | Severe Storm | DR-1988-OK |
| Feb 2, 2011 | Severe Storm | EM-3316-OK |
| Mar 5, 2010 | Severe Ice Storm | DR-1883-OK |
| Feb 25, 2010 | Severe Storm | DR-1876-OK |
| Jan 30, 2010 | Severe Storm | EM-3308-OK |
| Feb 17, 2009 | Severe Storm | DR-1823-OK |
| May 9, 2008 | Flood | DR-1754-OK |
| May 5, 2008 | Severe Storm | DR-1752-OK |
| Dec 10, 2007 | Severe Ice Storm | EM-3280-OK |
| Jul 7, 2007 | Severe Storm | DR-1712-OK |
| Feb 1, 2007 | Severe Storm | DR-1678-OK |
| Jan 14, 2007 | Severe Ice Storm | EM-3272-OK |
| Jan 10, 2006 | Fire | DR-1623-OK |
| Jan 1, 2006 | Fire | FM-2599-OK |
| Sep 5, 2005 | Hurricane | EM-3219-OK |
| May 10, 2003 | Severe Storm | DR-1465-OK |
| Jun 29, 2001 | Severe Storm | DR-1384-OK |
| Jan 5, 2001 | Severe Ice Storm | DR-1355-OK |
| Dec 28, 2000 | Severe Ice Storm | EM-3158-OK |
| Oct 14, 1986 | Flood | DR-778-OK |
| Jun 13, 1973 | Severe Storm | DR-392-OK |
This product uses the Federal Emergency Management Agency's OpenFEMA API, but is not endorsed by FEMA. The Federal Government or FEMA cannot vouch for the data or analyses derived from these data after the data have been retrieved from the Agency's website(s).
OpenFEMA Disaster Declarations Summaries, retrieved October 30, 2026. Statewide declarations are not listed.
How this compares
Where Muskogee County stands among 77 counties in Oklahoma and 3,143 in the United States.
| Tornadoes since 1950 | 66 | 34 / 77 |
| Tornadoes rated F3/EF3 or stronger | 3 | 56 / 77 |
| Tropical cyclones within 50 mi | 1 | 31 / 77 |
| Hurricane-strength passes within 50 mi | 0 | — |
| Wildfire acres since 1984 | 55,458 | 22 / 77 |
| Flood insurance claims | 260 | 11 / 77 |
| Flood insurance paid | $15.8 million | 5 / 77 |
| Disaster declarations | 34 | 26 / 77 |
| Flood events since 1996 | 99 | 10 / 77 |
| Hail and wind events since 1996 | 561 | 24 / 77 |
| Winter storm events since 1996 | 45 | 46 / 77 |
| Reported damage since 1996 | $35.2 million | 26 / 77 |
| River crests at major flood stage | 13 | 20 / 77 |
| High tide flooding days a year, last 10 years | 0.0 | — |
| Months in severe drought since 1895 | 98 | 68 / 77 |
| Medium or heavy smoke days a year, last 10 years | 18.8 | 22 / 77 |
| Earthquakes M4+ within 50 mi since 1900 | 1 | 59 / 77 |
| Earthquakes M2.5+ in the county since 1973 | 0 | — |
Neighbouring counties
| Cherokee County | 49 | 1 |
| Haskell County | 34 | 3 |
| McIntosh County | 62 | 2 |
| Okmulgee County | 59 | 2 |
| Sequoyah County | 61 | 2 |
| Wagoner County | 64 | 1 |
Sources and vintage
Every number on this page comes from these public records.
- Tornadoes NOAA Storm Prediction Center severe weather database, through 2025.
- Tropical cyclones NOAA National Hurricane Center HURDAT2 (Atlantic; Northeast and Central Pacific), through 2025.
- Wildfire USGS/USFS Monitoring Trends in Burn Severity, through 2026.
- Storm events NOAA NCEI Storm Events Database, through 2026.
- Flood insurance OpenFEMA NFIP Redacted Claims v3, refreshed August 4, 2026.
- Declarations OpenFEMA Disaster Declarations Summaries v2, retrieved October 30, 2026.
- Weather records NOAA NCEI Global Historical Climatology Network Daily, station USW00093953.
- River crests NOAA National Weather Service, National Water Prediction Service river gauges, retrieved October 30, 2026.
- Drought NOAA NCEI nClimDiv county Palmer Drought Severity Index, through September 2026.
- Smoke NOAA NESDIS Hazard Mapping System smoke analysis, retrieved October 30, 2026.
- Landslides USGS Landslide Inventories across the United States, version 3.0 (2025).
- Earthquakes USGS ANSS Comprehensive Earthquake Catalog (ComCat), retrieved October 30, 2026.
Joins, thresholds and known limits are set out in the methodology. Found an error? Report it. Page built October 30, 2026.