Mifflin County

Population 46,127 (2025) 411 sq mi

8 tropical storms and hurricanes have passed within 50 miles of Mifflin County since 1851, 0 of them at hurricane strength; the strongest was an unnamed storm in 1893 (Tropical storm).

Hazard fingerprint for Mifflin County Tornado: 19th percentile. Tropical: 42th percentile. Wildfire: 0th percentile. Flood: 35th percentile. Hail & wind: 54th percentile. Heat: 43th percentile. Cold: 34th percentile. Winter: 47th percentile. TORTROPFIREFLOODSEVEREHEATCOLDWINTER

Hazard fingerprint Each spoke is this county’s percentile among U.S. counties where that hazard occurs. How it is computed

2026
  • Tornado damage paths since 19505
  • Tropical cyclone tracks within 100 miles since 1851, wider where stronger15
  • Major flood years since 19784

At a glance

The record for Mifflin County in eight numbers. Each links to its section below.

Tropical cyclones within 50 mi

8

28th of 67 in Pennsylvania

None at hurricane strength since 1851

Details

Flood insurance claims

487

39th of 67 in Pennsylvania

$3.9 million paid since 1978

Details

Tornadoes since 1950

5

62nd of 67 in Pennsylvania

Fewer than the typical Pennsylvania county, which has had 14

Details

Strongest tornado

EF2

April 19, 2019, 4.9 mile path

Strongest tropical cyclone

TS

Tropical storm (unnamed), 1893, 6.5 miles away

Federal disaster declarations

17

Most recent: Covid-19 Pandemic, 2020

Details

Record high

106°F

July 23, 2011

Details

Record low

−17°F

January 20, 1994

Details

Tornadoes

About one every 15 years since 1950, none rated F3/EF3 or stronger.

Strongest

April 19, 2019

EF2, 4.9 mile path

200 yards wide.

Most recent

Friday, April 19, 2019

EF2, 4.9 mile path

7 years ago.

Tornadoes by decade Doppler radar era² 1950s: 2 2 1960s: 0 1970s: 0 1980s: 1 1 1990s: 1 1 2000s: 0 2010s: 1 1 2020s: 0 1950s1960s1970s1980s1990s2000s2010s2020s
Recorded tornadoes per decade. The 2020s are incomplete.
Tornadoes by month J: 0 F: 0 M: 1 A: 1 M: 0 J: 0 J: 2 2 A: 0 S: 0 O: 0 N: 1 D: 0 JFMAMJJASOND
By month of occurrence, all years.

Every recorded tornado

Tornadoes in Mifflin County since 1950
Apr 19, 2019EF24.920000
Nov 8, 1996F11.05000
Jul 21, 1983F10.21000
Mar 15, 1954F02.01000
Jul 23, 1952F20.11040
  1. Injuries and deaths are for the tornado’s whole path, which may extend beyond the county. Deaths recorded within Mifflin County: 0.
  2. Weak tornadoes were under-recorded before Doppler radar coverage became national in the early 1990s, so earlier decades read low. Ratings use the Fujita scale before February 2007 and the Enhanced Fujita scale after.

Storm Prediction Center severe weather database, 1950 to 2025.

Hurricanes and tropical storms

8 passed within 50 miles since 1851; none at hurricane strength.

Strongest within 50 miles

October 14, 1893

Unnamed storm, Tropical storm

6.5 miles at closest approach, winds near 71 mph.

Most recent

October 30, 2012

Sandy, Post-tropical

16.3 miles at closest approach.

Tropical cyclones within 50 miles by decade 50s: 0 60s: 0 70s: 1 80s: 1 90s: 2 2 00s: 0 10s: 0 20s: 0 30s: 1 40s: 1 50s: 1 60s: 0 70s: 1 80s: 0 90s: 0 00s: 0 10s: 0 20s: 0 50s60s70s80s90s00s10s20s30s40s50s60s70s80s90s00s10s20s
Storms within 50 miles, by decade. Records before about 1900 miss storms that never reached land or ships.

Every storm within 100 miles

Tropical cyclones within 100 miles
Sandy201216.3Post-tropical55Category 3
Isabel200399.8Tropical storm48Category 5
David197913.6Tropical storm46Category 5
Diane195570.0Tropical storm40Category 2
Connie19551.9Tropical storm52Category 4
Hazel195424.4Post-tropical78Category 4
Able195269.5Tropical storm58Category 2
Unnamed194928.5Tropical storm58Category 4
Unnamed193486.0Post-tropical46Category 2
Unnamed193316.4Tropical storm52Category 4
Unnamed192968.3Post-tropical58Category 4
Unnamed192823.1Post-tropical44Category 5
Unnamed191584.1Tropical storm51Category 1
Unnamed190387.8Tropical storm55Category 2
Unnamed190288.0Post-tropical40Category 1
Unnamed189988.4Post-tropical58Category 2
Unnamed189639.9Post-tropical66Category 3
Unnamed189326.3Tropical storm40Tropical storm
Unnamed18936.5Tropical storm71Category 3
Unnamed189373.2Tropical storm63Category 3
Unnamed188817.2Tropical storm47Category 3
Unnamed18850.0Post-tropical46Tropical storm
Unnamed187860.3Category 186Category 2
Unnamed187866.6Post-tropical49Category 2
Unnamed18763.6Tropical storm60Category 3
  1. Tropical storms and hurricanes (34 kt or more, still tropical) at closest approach. Post-tropical remnants with gale-force winds are listed but not counted. Direct: track within 50 miles; near: within 100 miles. Distance is measured to the county boundary for counties and to the city centre for cities, using positions interpolated hourly between HURDAT2 fixes.

National Hurricane Center HURDAT2, 1851 to 2025.

Wildfire and smoke

No large wildfire has been mapped here since satellite mapping began in 1984.

Smoke overhead

Smokiest year

2023: 54 days

Heavy smoke on 14 days in 2023, the most of any year.

Last 10 years

13.6 days a year

Medium or heavy smoke, 2016 to 2025.

2025

14 days

Medium or heavy smoke. 25 so far in 2026.

Days with medium or heavy smoke overhead, by year 2011: 1 2012: 3 2013: 0 2014: 4 2015: 7 2016: 0 2017: 3 2018: 3 2019: 7 2020: 9 2021: 23 2022: 11 2023: 54 54 2024: 12 2025: 14 201120122013201420152016201720182019202020212022202320242025
Days each year on which a satellite-traced plume of medium or heavy smoke covered the county’s population centre, 2011 to 2025.
  1. A smoke day is a date on which a smoke plume traced by NOAA Hazard Mapping System analysts from satellite imagery covered this place's point (the county's population centre or the city centre). Counts here are of medium or heavy smoke. Since 2018 analysts have often drawn light smoke as one area over most of the continent, so light-smoke counts are not comparable from year to year. The plumes show smoke anywhere in the air above, not air quality at the ground, and smoke hidden by cloud is missed.

NOAA Hazard Mapping System smoke analysis, 2011 to 2026, retrieved October 30, 2026.

Floods and flood insurance

487 federal flood insurance claims since 1978, with $3.9 million paid.

Federal flood insurance claims by year 1978: 11 1979: 37 1984: 96 1989: 10 1993: 5 1996: 159 159 2004: 114 2008: 6 2014: 16 2021: 9 19781996
Claims per year since 1978. Years with fewer than five claims are not shown.

Most claims in one year

1996: 159 claims

$1.7 million paid.

2nd most

2004: 114 claims

$1.6 million paid.

3rd most

1984: 96 claims

$269,000 paid.

Claims by ZIP code

Flood insurance claims by ZIP code
17044181$1.1 million
17084108$508,000
1706639$581,000
1706337$207,000
1705136$536,000
1709922$53,000
1700918$369,000
1707518$198,000
14$22,000
170047$40,000

Flood events since 1996

  • Flood9
  • Flash Flood8

1 death recorded in flood events since 1996.

This product uses the Federal Emergency Management Agency's OpenFEMA API, but is not endorsed by FEMA. The Federal Government or FEMA cannot vouch for the data or analyses derived from these data after the data have been retrieved from the Agency's website(s).

OpenFEMA NFIP Redacted Claims v3, refreshed August 4, 2026. NOAA Storm Events through 2026.

River crests

Most severe crest

June 23, 1972

Juniata River at Lewistown, 42.10 ft

19.10 feet above the 23.0 ft flood stage; major flooding by today’s categories.

Most recent moderate or major crest

September 19, 2004

Juniata River at Lewistown, 31.68 ft

Major flooding.

Highest river crests above flood stage
Jun 23, 1972Juniata River at Lewistown42.10+19.10Major
Nov 26, 1950Juniata River at Lewistown32.00+9.00Major
Sep 19, 2004Juniata River at Lewistown31.68+8.68Major
Jan 20, 1996Juniata River at Lewistown31.63+8.63Major
Feb 15, 1984Juniata River at Lewistown27.40+4.40Moderate
Nov 8, 1997Juniata River at Lewistown23.60+0.60Minor
Apr 3, 1970Juniata River at Lewistown23.30+0.30Minor
Sep 11, 2018Juniata River at Lewistown23.000.00Minor
Nov 29, 1993Juniata River at Lewistown22.40−0.60Action
Mar 26, 1994Juniata River at Lewistown21.34−1.66Action
Feb 23, 1971Juniata River at Lewistown19.80−3.20Action

River gauges

River gauges and their highest listed crests
Juniata River at Lewistown23.042.10 ftJun 23, 19724
  1. Crests are the highest and the recent crests the National Weather Service lists for each river gauge in the county that has a flood stage, not every flood. Flood categories use each gauge's current flood stages; crests from before levees, dams or channel changes may not be comparable. Crests measured on an old datum are left out of the rankings.

NOAA National Water Prediction Service gauge records, retrieved October 30, 2026.

Drought

In severe drought or worse for 100 of 1,581 months since 1895 (6%); the longest spell lasted 23 months.

100

Months in severe drought or worse since 1895

38

Months in extreme drought

6%

Share of all months, severe or worse

4

Drought reports to the Weather Service since 1996

Lowest reading

February 1931

−5.96, extreme drought

Longest severe spell

23 months

April 1965 to February 1967.

Latest month

September 2026

+2.87, moderately wet

Last severe month: April 2017.

Months in severe drought or worse, by year 1895: 2 1896: 2 1897: 0 1898: 0 1899: 0 1900: 2 1901: 1 1902: 0 1903: 0 1904: 0 1905: 0 1906: 0 1907: 0 1908: 2 1909: 1 1910: 0 1911: 0 1912: 0 1913: 0 1914: 0 1915: 0 1916: 0 1917: 0 1918: 0 1919: 0 1920: 0 1921: 0 1922: 0 1923: 0 1924: 0 1925: 0 1926: 0 1927: 0 1928: 0 1929: 0 1930: 4 1931: 8 1932: 3 1933: 0 1934: 0 1935: 0 1936: 0 1937: 0 1938: 0 1939: 1 1940: 2 1941: 1 1942: 0 1943: 0 1944: 0 1945: 0 1946: 0 1947: 0 1948: 0 1949: 0 1950: 0 1951: 0 1952: 0 1953: 2 1954: 2 1955: 0 1956: 0 1957: 0 1958: 0 1959: 0 1960: 0 1961: 0 1962: 1 1963: 4 1964: 5 1965: 11 1966: 12 12 1967: 2 1968: 0 1969: 3 1970: 0 1971: 0 1972: 0 1973: 0 1974: 0 1975: 0 1976: 0 1977: 0 1978: 0 1979: 0 1980: 0 1981: 1 1982: 0 1983: 0 1984: 0 1985: 0 1986: 0 1987: 0 1988: 0 1989: 0 1990: 0 1991: 6 1992: 6 1993: 0 1994: 0 1995: 0 1996: 0 1997: 0 1998: 1 1999: 0 2000: 0 2001: 6 2002: 2 2003: 0 2004: 0 2005: 1 2006: 0 2007: 0 2008: 0 2009: 0 2010: 0 2011: 0 2012: 0 2013: 0 2014: 0 2015: 0 2016: 2 2017: 4 2018: 0 2019: 0 2020: 0 2021: 0 2022: 0 2023: 0 2024: 0 2025: 0 18951905191519251935194519551965197519851995200520152025
Months each year with a Palmer index of −3 or lower, 1895 to 2025. Twelve means the whole year.
  1. The Palmer Drought Severity Index is computed by NOAA each month from the county's average temperature and precipitation, relative to the county's own climate. Zero is normal; -3 or lower is severe drought and -4 or lower extreme drought. It describes the long-term balance of moisture, not water supply or crop losses.

NOAA NCEI nClimDiv county Palmer Drought Severity Index, 1895 to September 2026, issued October 6, 2026.

Earthquakes

6 earthquakes of magnitude 2.5 or more within 50 miles since 1938; none reached magnitude 4.

0

Magnitude 2.5+ inside the county since 1973

2

Magnitude 3+ within 50 miles since 1973

0

Magnitude 4+ within 50 miles since 1900

0

Magnitude 5+ within 50 miles since 1900

Largest within 50 miles

June 12, 2019

Magnitude 3.4

9 km N of Blain, Pennsylvania; 7.4 miles away, 16.6 miles deep.

Most recent, magnitude 3 or more

June 12, 2019

Magnitude 3.4

9 km N of Blain, Pennsylvania; 7.4 miles away.

  1. Earthquakes of magnitude 2.5 or more in the USGS Comprehensive Catalog since 1900. Within 50 miles means the epicentre lies within 50 miles of the county boundary (or inside the county).
  2. Small earthquakes were under-recorded before the modern seismic networks of the 1970s and are still missed in remote areas, so early decades read low. Magnitudes are as the catalogue reports them and mix scales (moment, local and body-wave).

USGS ANSS Comprehensive Earthquake Catalog, 1900 to present, retrieved October 30, 2026.

Severe weather and other events

312 events in the National Weather Service record, 289 of them since 1996.

14

Hail reports, 1 inch or larger

0

Hail, 2 inches or larger

135

Damaging gusts, 58 mph+

64

Winter weather events since 1996

7

Heat events since 1996

6

Cold events since 1996

Largest hail

June 16, 1985

1.75 inches

Strongest measured or estimated gust

June 5, 2002

81 mph

Costliest events since 1996

  1. Apr 19, 2019Tornado$500,000
    National Weather Service narrative

    A National Weather Service in State College PA has confirmed an EF2 tornado near Lewistown in Mifflin County Pennsylvania on April 19, 2019.||The tornado first touched down near the reservoir off of Minehart Road, south of Route 103 in Granville. Several hundred trees were felled and snapped in a path around a mile long extending to the north. This was where the most intense damage occurred, where winds were estimated at 115 mph. ||The tornado then jogged to a more northeasterly direction, moving through Riverside Campground. Several dozen large trees were snapped and uprooted. About 5 trailers were totally destroyed by falling trees, with about a dozen others sustaining damage.…

  2. Sep 7, 2011Flood$100,000
    National Weather Service narrative

    Heavy rainfall from the remnants of Tropical Storm Lee caused extensive flooding across Mifflin County. Damage to roads and bridges across Mifflin County was estimated at nearly $100,000.

  3. Nov 8, 1996Tornado$40,000
    National Weather Service narrative

    An F1 tornado touched down in Burnham about 1/2 mile east of new route 322 in the Weis Mall parking lot. The tornado demolished the roof of a carwash and partially damaged the roof of the YMCA. Trees were also damaged along the ridge about 1 mile east of the initial touchdown. Several eyewitnesses reported seeing a dark swirling cloud, saw flying debris and reported a loud noise. There were no deaths or injuries.

  4. Apr 9, 2001Thunderstorm Wind$25,000
  5. Apr 3, 2016High Wind, Mifflin$25,000
    National Weather Service narrative

    Non-thunderstorm wind gusts estimated around 60 mph collapsed a trailer near Lewistown with a family inside. There were two injuries.

  6. Apr 8, 2010Thunderstorm Wind$15,000
    National Weather Service narrative

    Thunderstorm winds estimated near 80 mph uplifted a large (26x40) garage roof and carried it approximately 200 feet from the original structure. The damage occurred in the area of 169 Queen Street in Reedsville (Brown Township). Additional debris was lifted nearly 75 feet over surrounding obstructions. Several homes in the immediate area were affected by downed wires. The damage was confined to the garage roof with only minor residual damage noted. No injuries were reported.

  7. Apr 9, 2000High Wind, Mifflin$15,000
    National Weather Service narrative

    Cold air and strong northerly winds followed the snow as low pressure moved northeast out of the state. Trees were down in a few locations. Shingles blew off the roof of a home in the Port Royal area. Emergency Management in Gettysburg measured wind gusts to 58mph around 12:45 p.m.

  8. Dec 12, 2000High Wind, Mifflin$14,000
  9. Jul 9, 2023Thunderstorm Wind$12,000
    National Weather Service narrative

    A severe thunderstorm producing winds estimated near 60 mph knocked down approximately 15 large trees across railroad tracks to the east of Lewistown, causing the delay of an Amtrak passenger train for an hour while the trees were removed.

  10. Mar 31, 2022Thunderstorm Wind$12,000
    National Weather Service narrative

    A severe thunderstorm producing winds estimated near 60 mph produced several reports of trees and wires down across Lewistown, including on the exit ramp from U.S. Route 322.

  1. Storm Events records before 1996 cover only tornadoes, thunderstorm wind and hail. Damage figures are as reported by the National Weather Service at the time, not adjusted for inflation.

NOAA NCEI Storm Events Database, 1950 to 2026, issued October 26, 2026.

Weather records

From Lewistown, 2.7 miles from the county’s population centre, with records from 1938.

All-time high
106°FJul 23, 2011
All-time low
−17°FJan 20, 1994
Warmest night
80°FJul 29, 1941
Coldest day
1°FJan 19, 1994
Wettest day
5.40 inSep 18, 2004
Snowiest day
20.0 in2 times, most recently Mar 13, 1993
Hottest year
2012mean 54.2°F
Coldest year
1981mean 47.0°F
Wettest year
201861.63 in
Driest year
198025.77 in
Snowiest season
81.2 in1993-94
Average monthly high and low temperature and precipitation, last 30 years, Lewistown 32°F 37° 21° 2.8 Jan 41° 23° 2.3 Feb 50° 30° 3.1 Mar 63° 39° 3.6 Apr 73° 49° 4.5 May 81° 58° 4.1 Jun 86° 63° 3.9 Jul 83° 61° 4.2 Aug 77° 54° 4.8 Sep 65° 43° 3.7 Oct 53° 33° 2.8 Nov 42° 27° 3.3 Dec Precipitation, inches
Average daily high and low by month, and average monthly precipitation, over the last 30 years.
Nights at or below freezing per year 1976: 134 1977: 114 1978: 126 1981: 160 160 1984: 124 1985: 106 1986: 115 1987: 124 1988: 134 1989: 136 1990: 111 1991: 120 1993: 128 1994: 121 1995: 130 1996: 135 1997: 131 1998: 101 1999: 117 2000: 113 2001: 124 2002: 124 2003: 121 2004: 113 2005: 114 2006: 121 2007: 133 2008: 123 2009: 123 2010: 113 2011: 120 2012: 110 2013: 137 2014: 131 2015: 118 2016: 121 2017: 113 2018: 124 2019: 125 2020: 105 2021: 123 2022: 129 2023: 111 2024: 93 2025: 131 19761990200120112021
Nights at or below freezing each complete year, last 50 years. Thirty-year average: 119.9.
Snowfall by winter 1982: 18.1 in 1983: 34.5 in 1984: 18.3 in 1985: 16.6 in 1987: 17.5 in 1988: 11.0 in 1989: 11.9 in 1990: 10.5 in 1991: 10.0 in 1992: 45.9 in 1993: 81.2 in 81.2 1994: 5.0 in 1995: 63.3 in 1996: 16.5 in 1997: 19.8 in 1998: 24.7 in 1999: 15.0 in 2001: 12.5 in 2002: 52.5 in 2003: 49.0 in 2004: 22.7 in 2005: 15.7 in 2006: 19.7 in 2008: 14.4 in 2009: 31.7 in 2010: 22.8 in 2011: 12.1 in 2012: 26.6 in 2013: 38.8 in 2014: 37.3 in 2015: 19.4 in 2016: 25.6 in 2017: 36.1 in 2018: 34.0 in 2019: 4.9 in 2020: 33.1 in 2021: 26.9 in 2022: 15.9 in 2023: 14.1 in 2024: 15.4 in 2025: 25.3 in 19821993200420152025
Total snowfall each winter (July to June), last 50 winters.

Median first snow

December 6

Earliest: October 30, 2011

Median last snow

March 14

Latest: April 19, 2022

0 of 57 winters had no measurable snow.

Station Lewistown (USC00364992), 460 ft elevation, 2.7 miles from the population centre. Daily records from 1938 to October 22, 2026; 99.1% of days in the last 30 years are complete. Records at a single station can differ from a city’s official threaded record, which may combine several stations.

NOAA NCEI Global Historical Climatology Network Daily.

Federal disaster declarations

17 since 1953. The most recent: Covid-19 Pandemic, March 30, 2020.

Federal disaster declarations
Mar 30, 2020BiologicalCovid-19 PandemicMajor disasterDR-4506-PA
Mar 13, 2020BiologicalCovid-19EmergencyEM-3441-PA
Oct 29, 2012HurricaneHurricane SandyEmergencyEM-3356-PA
Sep 12, 2011FloodTropical Storm LeeMajor disasterDR-4030-PA
Sep 8, 2011FloodRemnants of Tropical Storm LeeEmergencyEM-3340-PA
Sep 10, 2005HurricaneHurricane KatrinaEmergencyEM-3235-PA
Sep 19, 2004Severe StormSevere Storms and Flooding Associated With Tropical Depression FrancesMajor disasterDR-1555-PA
Sep 19, 2004HurricaneTropical Depression IvanMajor disasterDR-1557-PA
Mar 14, 2003Severe StormSnowEmergencyEM-3180-PA
Sep 13, 1996FloodFlooding Associated With Tropical Depression FranMajor disasterDR-1138-PA
Jan 21, 1996FloodSevere Storms and FloodingMajor disasterDR-1093-PA
Jan 13, 1996SnowstormBlizzard of 96Major disasterDR-1085-PA
Mar 10, 1994Severe StormSevere Winter StormsMajor disasterDR-1015-PA
Mar 16, 1993SnowstormSevere Snowfall & Winter StormEmergencyEM-3105-PA
Oct 20, 1976FloodSevere Storms & FloodingMajor disasterDR-523-PA
Sep 26, 1975FloodSevere Storms, Heavy Rains & FloodingMajor disasterDR-485-PA
Jun 23, 1972FloodTropical Storm AgnesMajor disasterDR-340-PA

This product uses the Federal Emergency Management Agency's OpenFEMA API, but is not endorsed by FEMA. The Federal Government or FEMA cannot vouch for the data or analyses derived from these data after the data have been retrieved from the Agency's website(s).

OpenFEMA Disaster Declarations Summaries, retrieved October 30, 2026. Statewide declarations are not listed.

How this compares

Where Mifflin County stands among 67 counties in Pennsylvania and 3,143 in the United States.

Ranks
Tornadoes since 1950562 / 672,612 / 3,143
Tornadoes rated F3/EF3 or stronger0——
Tropical cyclones within 50 mi828 / 67861 / 3,143
Hurricane-strength passes within 50 mi0——
Wildfire acres since 19840——
Flood insurance claims48739 / 67508 / 3,143
Flood insurance paid$3.9 million46 / 67857 / 3,143
Disaster declarations1742 / 672,018 / 3,143
Flood events since 19961766 / 672,630 / 3,143
Hail and wind events since 199618758 / 672,066 / 3,143
Winter storm events since 19966462 / 671,631 / 3,143
Reported damage since 1996$1.2 million61 / 672,907 / 3,143
River crests at major flood stage440 / 67981 / 3,143
High tide flooding days a year, last 10 years0.0——
Months in severe drought since 189510017 / 672,370 / 3,143
Medium or heavy smoke days a year, last 10 years13.644 / 671,889 / 3,143
Earthquakes M4+ within 50 mi since 19000——
Earthquakes M2.5+ in the county since 19730——

Neighbouring counties

Neighbouring counties
Centre County1481,917339
Huntingdon County1080531
Juniata County790178
Snyder County1080904
Union County1280927

Sources and vintage

Every number on this page comes from these public records.

  • Tornadoes NOAA Storm Prediction Center severe weather database, through 2025.
  • Tropical cyclones NOAA National Hurricane Center HURDAT2 (Atlantic; Northeast and Central Pacific), through 2025.
  • Wildfire USGS/USFS Monitoring Trends in Burn Severity, through 2026.
  • Storm events NOAA NCEI Storm Events Database, through 2026.
  • Flood insurance OpenFEMA NFIP Redacted Claims v3, refreshed August 4, 2026.
  • Declarations OpenFEMA Disaster Declarations Summaries v2, retrieved October 30, 2026.
  • Weather records NOAA NCEI Global Historical Climatology Network Daily, station USC00364992.
  • River crests NOAA National Weather Service, National Water Prediction Service river gauges, retrieved October 30, 2026.
  • Drought NOAA NCEI nClimDiv county Palmer Drought Severity Index, through September 2026.
  • Smoke NOAA NESDIS Hazard Mapping System smoke analysis, retrieved October 30, 2026.
  • Earthquakes USGS ANSS Comprehensive Earthquake Catalog (ComCat), retrieved October 30, 2026.

Joins, thresholds and known limits are set out in the methodology. Found an error? Report it. Page built October 30, 2026.