Grainger County

Population 25,739 (2025) 281 sq mi

Property owners in Grainger County have filed 3 federal flood insurance claims since 1978, 86th most of 95 counties in Tennessee.

Hazard fingerprint for Grainger County Tornado: 22th percentile. Tropical: 20th percentile. Wildfire: 29th percentile. Flood: 38th percentile. Hail & wind: 81th percentile. Heat: 0th percentile. Cold: 0th percentile. Winter: 28th percentile. TORTROPFIREFLOODSEVEREHEATCOLDWINTER

Hazard fingerprint Each spoke is this county’s percentile among U.S. counties where that hazard occurs. How it is computed

2026
  • Tornado damage paths since 19504
  • Tropical cyclone tracks within 100 miles since 1851, wider where stronger6
  • Wildfire burn scars since 19842

At a glance

The record for Grainger County in eight numbers. Each links to its section below.

Flood insurance claims

3

86th of 95 in Tennessee

$41,000 paid since 2019

Details

Acres burned since 1984

1,165

31st of 95 in Tennessee

2 large fires; the largest was Clinch Mountain, 2005

Details

Tornadoes since 1950

4

82nd of 95 in Tennessee

Fewer than the typical Tennessee county, which has had 16

Details

Tropical cyclones within 50 mi

2

64th of 95 in Tennessee

None at hurricane strength since 1851

Details

Strongest tornado

EF1

May 8, 2009, 9.4 mile path

Strongest tropical cyclone

TS

Tropical storm Zeta, 2020, 49.8 miles away

Largest earthquake within 50 mi

4.7magnitude

November 30, 1973, 25.6 miles away

Details

Federal disaster declarations

20

Most recent: Severe Winter Storm, 2026

Details

Tornadoes

About one every 19 years since 1950, none rated F3/EF3 or stronger.

Strongest

May 8, 2009

EF1, 9.4 mile path

100 yards wide.

Most recent

Thursday, February 6, 2025

EF1, 3.5 mile path

Within the past year.

Tornadoes by decade Doppler radar era² 1950s: 0 1960s: 0 1970s: 2 2 1980s: 0 1990s: 0 2000s: 1 1 2010s: 0 2020s: 1 1 1950s1960s1970s1980s1990s2000s2010s2020s
Recorded tornadoes per decade. The 2020s are incomplete.
Tornadoes by month J: 0 F: 1 M: 0 A: 0 M: 2 2 J: 0 J: 0 A: 0 S: 0 O: 1 N: 0 D: 0 JFMAMJJASOND
By month of occurrence, all years.

Every recorded tornado

Tornadoes in Grainger County since 1950
Feb 6, 2025EF13.570000
May 8, 2009EF19.410000
Oct 1, 1977F02.03320
May 10, 1973F10.11000
  1. Injuries and deaths are for the tornado’s whole path, which may extend beyond the county. Deaths recorded within Grainger County: 0.
  2. Weak tornadoes were under-recorded before Doppler radar coverage became national in the early 1990s, so earlier decades read low. Ratings use the Fujita scale before February 2007 and the Enhanced Fujita scale after.

Storm Prediction Center severe weather database, 1950 to 2025.

Hurricanes and tropical storms

2 passed within 50 miles since 1851; none at hurricane strength.

Strongest within 50 miles

October 29, 2020

Zeta, Tropical storm

49.8 miles at closest approach, winds near 52 mph.

Most recent

September 27, 2024

Helene, Tropical storm

35.4 miles at closest approach.

Every storm within 100 miles

Tropical cyclones within 100 miles
Helene202435.4Tropical storm48Category 4
Zeta202049.8Tropical storm52Category 3
Opal199566.4Tropical storm40Category 4
Hugo198985.7Tropical storm60Category 5
Frederic197964.7Tropical storm40Category 4
Gracie195991.3Tropical storm39Category 4
Audrey195786.6Tropical storm43Category 3
Unnamed19320.0Post-tropical40Tropical storm
Unnamed191550.6Post-tropical40Category 4
Unnamed190797.0Post-tropical40Tropical storm
Unnamed190290.9Post-tropical40Category 2
  1. Tropical storms and hurricanes (34 kt or more, still tropical) at closest approach. Post-tropical remnants with gale-force winds are listed but not counted. Direct: track within 50 miles; near: within 100 miles. Distance is measured to the county boundary for counties and to the city centre for cities, using positions interpolated hourly between HURDAT2 fixes.

National Hurricane Center HURDAT2, 1851 to 2025.

Wildfire and smoke

1,165 acres burned in 2 large fires since 1984, equal to 0.7% of the land.

Largest

September 15, 2005

Clinch Mountain Fire, 619 acres

614 acres inside Grainger County.

Most recent

September 15, 2005

Clinch Mountain Fire

619 acres in total.

Acres burned since 1984, cumulative 2000: 5512005: 614 1,165 acres 198519901995200020052010201520202025
Running total of acres burned inside the county (line) and each year’s acres (bars).

Every large fire

Large wildfires since 1984
Clinch Mountain2005614619
Unnamed2000550552
  1. Large fires mapped by the Monitoring Trends in Burn Severity program since 1984: 1,000 acres or more in the West, 500 or more in the East. Prescribed burns are excluded. Acres here are the part of each perimeter inside this place.

Monitoring Trends in Burn Severity (USGS and U.S. Forest Service), 1984 to 2026.

Smoke overhead

Smokiest year

2023: 45 days

Heavy smoke on 7 days in 2023, the most of any year.

Last 10 years

10.8 days a year

Medium or heavy smoke, 2016 to 2025.

2025

10 days

Medium or heavy smoke. 28 so far in 2026.

Days with medium or heavy smoke overhead, by year 2011: 2 2012: 4 2013: 0 2014: 0 2015: 3 2016: 0 2017: 1 2018: 4 2019: 5 2020: 6 2021: 17 2022: 13 2023: 45 45 2024: 7 2025: 10 201120122013201420152016201720182019202020212022202320242025
Days each year on which a satellite-traced plume of medium or heavy smoke covered the county’s population centre, 2011 to 2025.
  1. A smoke day is a date on which a smoke plume traced by NOAA Hazard Mapping System analysts from satellite imagery covered this place's point (the county's population centre or the city centre). Counts here are of medium or heavy smoke. Since 2018 analysts have often drawn light smoke as one area over most of the continent, so light-smoke counts are not comparable from year to year. The plumes show smoke anywhere in the air above, not air quality at the ground, and smoke hidden by cloud is missed.

NOAA Hazard Mapping System smoke analysis, 2011 to 2026, retrieved October 30, 2026.

Floods and flood insurance

3 federal flood insurance claims since 2019, with $41,000 paid.

Federal flood insurance claims by year
Claims per year since 2019. Years with fewer than five claims are not shown.

Flood events since 1996

  • Flood10
  • Flash Flood6

1 death recorded in flood events since 1996.

This product uses the Federal Emergency Management Agency's OpenFEMA API, but is not endorsed by FEMA. The Federal Government or FEMA cannot vouch for the data or analyses derived from these data after the data have been retrieved from the Agency's website(s).

OpenFEMA NFIP Redacted Claims v3, refreshed August 4, 2026. NOAA Storm Events through 2026.

Drought

In severe drought or worse for 85 of 1,581 months since 1895 (5%); the longest spell lasted 16 months.

85

Months in severe drought or worse since 1895

20

Months in extreme drought

5%

Share of all months, severe or worse

1

Drought reports to the Weather Service since 1996

Lowest reading

September 1925

−4.80, extreme drought

Longest severe spell

16 months

August 2007 to November 2008.

Latest month

September 2026

0.00, near normal

Last severe month: November 2016.

Months in severe drought or worse, by year 1895: 0 1896: 0 1897: 0 1898: 0 1899: 0 1900: 0 1901: 0 1902: 0 1903: 0 1904: 0 1905: 0 1906: 0 1907: 0 1908: 0 1909: 0 1910: 0 1911: 0 1912: 0 1913: 1 1914: 4 1915: 0 1916: 0 1917: 0 1918: 0 1919: 0 1920: 0 1921: 0 1922: 0 1923: 0 1924: 0 1925: 3 1926: 0 1927: 0 1928: 0 1929: 0 1930: 0 1931: 4 1932: 0 1933: 1 1934: 2 1935: 0 1936: 0 1937: 0 1938: 0 1939: 2 1940: 2 1941: 4 1942: 6 1943: 0 1944: 0 1945: 0 1946: 0 1947: 0 1948: 0 1949: 0 1950: 0 1951: 0 1952: 2 1953: 2 1954: 4 1955: 1 1956: 0 1957: 0 1958: 0 1959: 0 1960: 0 1961: 0 1962: 0 1963: 0 1964: 0 1965: 0 1966: 1 1967: 0 1968: 0 1969: 0 1970: 0 1971: 0 1972: 0 1973: 0 1974: 0 1975: 0 1976: 0 1977: 0 1978: 0 1979: 0 1980: 1 1981: 3 1982: 0 1983: 0 1984: 0 1985: 1 1986: 9 1987: 3 1988: 7 1989: 0 1990: 0 1991: 0 1992: 0 1993: 0 1994: 0 1995: 0 1996: 0 1997: 0 1998: 0 1999: 0 2000: 0 2001: 0 2002: 1 2003: 0 2004: 0 2005: 0 2006: 2 2007: 6 2008: 11 11 2009: 0 2010: 0 2011: 0 2012: 0 2013: 0 2014: 0 2015: 0 2016: 2 2017: 0 2018: 0 2019: 0 2020: 0 2021: 0 2022: 0 2023: 0 2024: 0 2025: 0 18951905191519251935194519551965197519851995200520152025
Months each year with a Palmer index of −3 or lower, 1895 to 2025. Twelve means the whole year.
  1. The Palmer Drought Severity Index is computed by NOAA each month from the county's average temperature and precipitation, relative to the county's own climate. Zero is normal; -3 or lower is severe drought and -4 or lower extreme drought. It describes the long-term balance of moisture, not water supply or crop losses.

NOAA NCEI nClimDiv county Palmer Drought Severity Index, 1895 to September 2026, issued October 6, 2026.

Earthquakes

11 earthquakes of magnitude 4 or more within 50 miles since 1900; the largest was magnitude 4.7 in 1973.

11

Magnitude 2.5+ inside the county since 1973

41

Magnitude 3+ within 50 miles since 1973

11

Magnitude 4+ within 50 miles since 1900

0

Magnitude 5+ within 50 miles since 1900

Largest within 50 miles

November 30, 1973

Magnitude 4.7

1 km NE of Alcoa, Tennessee; 25.6 miles away, 1.9 miles deep.

Most recent, magnitude 3 or more

May 10, 2025

Magnitude 4.1

21 km SE of Greenback, Tennessee; 41.2 miles away.

Earthquakes of magnitude 3 or more within 50 miles, by year 1973: 2 1974: 0 1975: 0 1976: 1 1977: 0 1978: 0 1979: 1 1980: 1 1981: 0 1982: 2 1983: 3 1984: 2 1985: 1 1986: 0 1987: 6 6 1988: 0 1989: 0 1990: 1 1991: 1 1992: 1 1993: 0 1994: 0 1995: 0 1996: 0 1997: 1 1998: 1 1999: 1 2000: 0 2001: 3 2002: 0 2003: 0 2004: 1 2005: 1 2006: 1 2007: 0 2008: 1 2009: 2 2010: 1 2011: 0 2012: 1 2013: 0 2014: 0 2015: 0 2016: 0 2017: 0 2018: 2 2019: 1 2020: 1 2021: 0 2022: 0 2023: 0 2024: 0 2025: 1 19731978198319881993199820032008201320182023
Per year, 1973 to 2025.

Every earthquake of magnitude 4 or more within 50 miles

Earthquakes of magnitude 4 or more within 50 miles
May 10, 20254.141.215.821 km SE of Greenback, Tennessee
Aug 17, 19904.035.50.49 km NNW of Loyall, Kentucky
Mar 27, 19874.247.711.52 km SSE of Vonore, Tennessee
Mar 27, 19874.246.712.13 km SE of Vonore, Tennessee
Jan 19, 19764.038.13.15 km NNE of Artemus, Kentucky
Nov 30, 19734.725.61.91 km NE of Alcoa, Tennessee
Sep 7, 19564.19.63.116 km W of New Tazewell, Tennessee
Jan 1, 19544.317.4—1 km ESE of Middlesboro, Kentucky
Nov 2, 19284.526.83.15 km S of Greeneville, Tennessee
Mar 28, 19134.1Inside—Northeast of Knoxville, Tennessee
Mar 4, 19044.027.9—Eastern Tennessee
  1. Earthquakes of magnitude 2.5 or more in the USGS Comprehensive Catalog since 1900. Within 50 miles means the epicentre lies within 50 miles of the county boundary (or inside the county).
  2. Small earthquakes were under-recorded before the modern seismic networks of the 1970s and are still missed in remote areas, so early decades read low. Magnitudes are as the catalogue reports them and mix scales (moment, local and body-wave).

USGS ANSS Comprehensive Earthquake Catalog, 1900 to present, retrieved October 30, 2026.

Severe weather and other events

285 events in the National Weather Service record, 269 of them since 1996.

19

Hail reports, 1 inch or larger

3

Hail, 2 inches or larger

138

Damaging gusts, 58 mph+

40

Winter weather events since 1996

0

Heat events since 1996

0

Cold events since 1996

Largest hail

April 28, 2002

2.75 inches

Strongest measured or estimated gust

June 22, 1998

92 mph

More event types since 1996

Other Storm Events types since 1996
Lightning200Jan 18, 1999

Costliest events since 1996

  1. Feb 23, 2019Flood$700,000
    National Weather Service narrative

    Flooding at Little Valley Rd and Smith Hollow Rd. All told, there was about 700 thousand dollars in flood damages across Grainger County during the overall event.

  2. Feb 14, 2003Flood, Grainger$536,000
    National Weather Service narrative

    Four day rainfall totals of two to eight inches fell across east Tennessee, with the highest amounts occurring across the Cumberland Plateau and adjacent valleys areas. This rainfall combined with a melting snowpack (reports of up to a foot in the higher elevations) to produce widespread flooding of rivers and streams with numerous mudslides also reported (one notable mudslide pushed an apartment complex off its foundation in Knox County). The Powell, Clinch and Holston rivers measured the most significant rises with Claiborne, Rhea and Knox counties reporting the most significant damage.

  3. Jul 31, 1997Lightning$150,000
    National Weather Service narrative

    A shop near the home of Judy R. Mayes on Spoon Hollow Road and Kidwell Road was set ablaze when struck by lightning and was reported as a total loss. A barn at the intersection of Helton and Lakshore Roads burned to the ground after it was struck by lightning. The storm also knocked down numerous trees.

  4. Feb 6, 2025Tornado$100,000
    National Weather Service narrative

    The tornado began near McAnally Rd and Campground Rd before moving east along Highway 131. Tree damage began sporadically at first, with a few cedar trees split or blown over, tree damage then began to intensify towards the heart of the damage path. There were several barns and outbuildings with roof damage along 131, and numerous snapped trees. A small chicken coop was lofted up and over the pen around the coop, and left upside down in a ditch but with no scratches or visible damage to the coop. The most significant damage was to a large barn on Highway 131 that was completely destroyed. The tornado continued to Clinch River Hardwoods and Thorn Hill Church. At that location a…

  5. May 8, 2024Hail$100,000
    National Weather Service narrative

    Several reports of tennis ball sized hail from both broadcast media and public reports were received. Significant damage was inflicted in Grainger County, with farmers reporting their tomato greenhouses were significantly damaged by the hail.

  6. Feb 28, 2011Flood$80,000
    National Weather Service narrative

    Trainer spotter reported 1.81 of rain fell from a thunderstorm producing flooding across many streams in the Rutledge area.

  7. May 20, 2005Thunderstorm Wind$35,000
    National Weather Service narrative

    Several trees and power lines were reported down across the county.

  8. Jul 1, 2005Thunderstorm Wind$25,000
    National Weather Service narrative

    Numerous trees and power lines were reported down along Lake Shore Drive.

  9. May 18, 2006Thunderstorm Wind$25,000
    National Weather Service narrative

    Trees were reported down across the county.

  10. May 13, 2002Thunderstorm Wind$25,000
    National Weather Service narrative

    A roof was blown off a gas station near Washburn and also a tree was downed in the vicinity.

  1. Storm Events records before 1996 cover only tornadoes, thunderstorm wind and hail. Damage figures are as reported by the National Weather Service at the time, not adjusted for inflation.

NOAA NCEI Storm Events Database, 1950 to 2026, issued October 26, 2026.

Weather records

From Tazewell, 14.3 miles from the county’s population centre, with records from 1966.

All-time high
103°F2 times, most recently Jul 1, 2012
All-time low
−24°FJan 21, 1985
Warmest night
73°F4 times, most recently Jul 20, 2025
Coldest day
−2°FJan 21, 1985
Wettest day
6.32 inApr 17, 1998
Snowiest day
10.0 in2 times, most recently Feb 12, 1985
Hottest year
2024mean 57.6°F
Coldest year
1976mean 50.9°F
Wettest year
201172.14 in
Driest year
198837.04 in
Snowiest season
40.2 in1977-78
Average monthly high and low temperature and precipitation, last 30 years, Tazewell 32°F 45° 23° 4.7 Jan 50° 27° 5.1 Feb 59° 33° 5.0 Mar 69° 41° 5.1 Apr 76° 51° 4.4 May 83° 60° 4.6 Jun 86° 65° 5.4 Jul 85° 63° 3.9 Aug 81° 56° 3.9 Sep 70° 43° 3.0 Oct 59° 32° 3.5 Nov 49° 27° 5.0 Dec Precipitation, inches
Average daily high and low by month, and average monthly precipitation, over the last 30 years.
Nights at or below freezing per year 1976: 166 166 1977: 147 1978: 128 1979: 134 1980: 147 1981: 146 1982: 128 1983: 138 1984: 128 1985: 116 1986: 101 1987: 118 1988: 155 1989: 128 1990: 120 1991: 111 1992: 116 1993: 109 1994: 111 1995: 124 1996: 132 1997: 113 1998: 95 1999: 118 2000: 121 2001: 120 2002: 119 2003: 103 2004: 109 2005: 105 2006: 118 2007: 112 2008: 119 2009: 107 2010: 122 2011: 109 2012: 103 2013: 123 2014: 125 2015: 105 2016: 127 2017: 109 2018: 115 2019: 116 2020: 117 2021: 126 2022: 131 2023: 94 2024: 94 2025: 119 19761986199620062016
Nights at or below freezing each complete year, last 50 years. Thirty-year average: 114.2.
Snowfall by winter 1976: 33.1 in 1977: 40.2 in 40.2 1979: 28.8 in 1980: 15.9 in 1981: 29.4 in 1982: 28.4 in 1983: 23.7 in 1984: 31.6 in 1985: 18.0 in 1987: 8.7 in 1988: 7.8 in 1989: 5.5 in 1990: 2.6 in 1991: 2.5 in 1992: 14.1 in 1993: 10.2 in 1994: 5.5 in 1995: 29.0 in 1996: 4.3 in 1997: 2.5 in 1998: 10.0 in 1999: 8.3 in 2000: 4.5 in 2001: 7.7 in 2002: 14.1 in 2003: 11.3 in 2004: 6.9 in 2005: 6.0 in 2006: 4.5 in 2007: 3.4 in 2008: 3.2 in 2009: 15.1 in 2010: 22.1 in 2011: 1.8 in 2012: 7.5 in 2013: 14.6 in 2014: 20.2 in 2015: 14.0 in 2016: 1.7 in 2017: 3.0 in 2018: 0.0 in 2019: 5.3 in 2020: 11.1 in 2021: 9.6 in 2022: 1.8 in 2023: 8.0 in 2024: 4.6 in 2025: 11.0 in 19761988199820082018
Total snowfall each winter (July to June), last 50 winters.

Median first snow

December 14

Earliest: October 31, 1993

Median last snow

March 9

Latest: April 24, 2005

1 of 58 winters had no measurable snow.

Station Tazewell (USC00408868), 1,365 ft elevation, 14.3 miles from the population centre. Daily records from 1966 to October 22, 2026; 99.4% of days in the last 30 years are complete. Records at a single station can differ from a city’s official threaded record, which may combine several stations.

NOAA NCEI Global Historical Climatology Network Daily.

Federal disaster declarations

20 since 1953. The most recent: Severe Winter Storm, February 6, 2026.

Federal disaster declarations
Feb 6, 2026Winter StormSevere Winter StormMajor disasterDR-4898-TN
Jan 24, 2026Winter StormSevere Winter StormEmergencyEM-3635-TN
Apr 2, 2025Severe StormSevere Storms, Straight-Line Winds, Tornadoes, and FloodingEmergencyEM-3625-TN
Oct 2, 2024Tropical StormTropical Storm HeleneMajor disasterDR-4832-TN
May 8, 2021TornadoSevere Storms, Tornadoes, and FloodingMajor disasterDR-4601-TN
Apr 2, 2020BiologicalCovid-19 PandemicMajor disasterDR-4514-TN
Mar 13, 2020BiologicalCovid-19EmergencyEM-3473-TN
Apr 17, 2019FloodSevere Storms, Flooding, Landslides, and MudslidesMajor disasterDR-4427-TN
Apr 2, 2015Severe Ice StormSevere Winter Storm and FloodingMajor disasterDR-4211-TN
Jul 20, 2011Severe StormSevere Storms, Straight-Line Winds, Tornadoes, andMajor disasterDR-4005-TN
Mar 31, 2011Severe StormSevere Storms, Tornadoes, and FloodingMajor disasterDR-1965-TN
Sep 5, 2005HurricaneHurricane Katrina EvacuationEmergencyEM-3217-TN
Mar 20, 2003Severe StormSevere Storms and FloodingMajor disasterDR-1456-TN
Apr 5, 2002Severe StormSevere Storms and FloodingMajor disasterDR-1408-TN
Nov 3, 2000FireTn-Greeneville Fire Complex-11/03/00Fire managementFM-2348-TN
Apr 20, 1998Severe StormSevere Storms, Tornadoes and FloodingMajor disasterDR-1215-TN
Apr 14, 1994FloodExtensive Rainfall and Flash FloodingMajor disasterDR-1022-TN
Mar 14, 1993SnowstormSevere Snowfall, Winter StormEmergencyEM-3095-TN
May 25, 1984FloodSevere Storms & FloodingMajor disasterDR-708-TN
Mar 21, 1973FloodHeavy Rains & FloodingMajor disasterDR-366-TN

This product uses the Federal Emergency Management Agency's OpenFEMA API, but is not endorsed by FEMA. The Federal Government or FEMA cannot vouch for the data or analyses derived from these data after the data have been retrieved from the Agency's website(s).

OpenFEMA Disaster Declarations Summaries, retrieved October 30, 2026. Statewide declarations are not listed.

How this compares

Where Grainger County stands among 95 counties in Tennessee and 3,143 in the United States.

Ranks
Tornadoes since 1950482 / 952,697 / 3,143
Tornadoes rated F3/EF3 or stronger0——
Tropical cyclones within 50 mi264 / 951,323 / 3,143
Hurricane-strength passes within 50 mi0——
Wildfire acres since 19841,16531 / 951,279 / 3,143
Flood insurance claims386 / 952,656 / 3,143
Flood insurance paid$41,00087 / 952,532 / 3,143
Disaster declarations2061 / 951,524 / 3,143
Flood events since 19961691 / 952,676 / 3,143
Hail and wind events since 199620956 / 951,882 / 3,143
Winter storm events since 19964083 / 952,202 / 3,143
Reported damage since 1996$2.6 million89 / 952,673 / 3,143
River crests at major flood stage0——
High tide flooding days a year, last 10 years0.0——
Months in severe drought since 18958571 / 952,763 / 3,143
Medium or heavy smoke days a year, last 10 years10.875 / 952,406 / 3,143
Earthquakes M4+ within 50 mi since 19001112 / 95375 / 3,143
Earthquakes M2.5+ in the county since 1973119 / 95333 / 3,143

Neighbouring counties

Neighbouring counties
Claiborne County1027,92130
Hamblen County32026
Hancock County3090716
Hawkins County323,33516
Jefferson County102024
Knox County1720598
Union County31410

Sources and vintage

Every number on this page comes from these public records.

  • Tornadoes NOAA Storm Prediction Center severe weather database, through 2025.
  • Tropical cyclones NOAA National Hurricane Center HURDAT2 (Atlantic; Northeast and Central Pacific), through 2025.
  • Wildfire USGS/USFS Monitoring Trends in Burn Severity, through 2026.
  • Storm events NOAA NCEI Storm Events Database, through 2026.
  • Flood insurance OpenFEMA NFIP Redacted Claims v3, refreshed August 4, 2026.
  • Declarations OpenFEMA Disaster Declarations Summaries v2, retrieved October 30, 2026.
  • Weather records NOAA NCEI Global Historical Climatology Network Daily, station USC00408868.
  • River crests NOAA National Weather Service, National Water Prediction Service river gauges, retrieved October 30, 2026.
  • Drought NOAA NCEI nClimDiv county Palmer Drought Severity Index, through September 2026.
  • Smoke NOAA NESDIS Hazard Mapping System smoke analysis, retrieved October 30, 2026.
  • Earthquakes USGS ANSS Comprehensive Earthquake Catalog (ComCat), retrieved October 30, 2026.

Joins, thresholds and known limits are set out in the methodology. Found an error? Report it. Page built October 30, 2026.