Duval County

Population 9,402 (2025) 1,794 sq mi

26 tropical storms and hurricanes have passed within 50 miles of Duval County since 1851, 7 of them at hurricane strength; the strongest was Celia in 1970 (Category 2).

Hazard fingerprint for Duval County Tornado: 17th percentile. Tropical: 80th percentile. Wildfire: 44th percentile. Flood: 18th percentile. Hail & wind: 8th percentile. Heat: 70th percentile. Cold: 34th percentile. Winter: 5th percentile. TORTROPFIREFLOODSEVEREHEATCOLDWINTER

Hazard fingerprint Each spoke is this county’s percentile among U.S. counties where that hazard occurs. How it is computed

2026
  • Tornado damage paths since 195018
  • Tropical cyclone tracks within 100 miles since 1851, wider where stronger41
  • Wildfire burn scars since 19846

At a glance

The record for Duval County in eight numbers. Each links to its section below.

Tropical cyclones within 50 mi

26

33rd of 254 in Texas

7 at hurricane strength since 1851

Details

Acres burned since 1984

19,539

92nd of 254 in Texas

6 large fires; the largest was Unnamed, 2008

Details

Flood insurance claims

17

142nd of 254 in Texas

$299,000 paid since 1980

Details

Tornadoes since 1950

18

197th of 254 in Texas

Fewer than the typical Texas county, which has had 35

Details

Strongest tornado

F2

May 18, 1965, 0.3 mile path

Strongest tropical cyclone

Cat. 2

Hurricane Celia, 1970, 14.2 miles away

Federal disaster declarations

21

Most recent: Flooding, 2026

Details

Record high

110°F

July 5, 2009

Details

Tornadoes

About one every 4.2 years since 1950, none rated F3/EF3 or stronger.

Strongest

May 18, 1965

F2, 0.3 mile path

200 yards wide.

Most recent

Friday, May 15, 2015

EF0, 0.0 mile path

11 years ago.

Tornadoes by decade Doppler radar era² 1950s: 0 1960s: 3 3 1970s: 4 4 1980s: 2 2 1990s: 4 4 2000s: 4 4 2010s: 1 1 2020s: 0 1950s1960s1970s1980s1990s2000s2010s2020s
Recorded tornadoes per decade. The 2020s are incomplete.
Tornadoes by month J: 0 F: 3 3 M: 0 A: 3 M: 3 J: 3 J: 2 A: 2 S: 2 O: 0 N: 0 D: 0 JFMAMJJASOND
By month of occurrence, all years.

Every recorded tornado

Tornadoes in Duval County since 1950
May 15, 2015EF00.01000
Apr 25, 2006F01.010000
Jul 20, 2005F112.010000
Jul 20, 2005F07.010000
Jun 5, 2003F00.55000
Feb 21, 1998F00.13000
Feb 21, 1998F00.13000
Feb 21, 1998F00.13000
Apr 8, 1993F11.03000
Jun 6, 1983F10.33000
Aug 9, 1980F02.03000
May 10, 1974F10.520000
Sep 24, 1971F10.12000
Aug 6, 1971F00.51000
Apr 16, 1971F10.32000
Sep 22, 1967F00.23300
May 18, 1965F20.320000
Jun 20, 1963F02.010000
  1. Injuries and deaths are for the tornado’s whole path, which may extend beyond the county. Deaths recorded within Duval County: 0.
  2. Weak tornadoes were under-recorded before Doppler radar coverage became national in the early 1990s, so earlier decades read low. Ratings use the Fujita scale before February 2007 and the Enhanced Fujita scale after.

Storm Prediction Center severe weather database, 1950 to 2025.

Hurricanes and tropical storms

26 passed within 50 miles since 1851; 7 at hurricane strength.

Strongest within 50 miles

August 4, 1970

Celia, Category 2

14.2 miles at closest approach, winds near 104 mph.

Most recent

August 22, 2023

Harold, Tropical storm

0.0 miles at closest approach.

Tropical cyclones within 50 miles by decade 50s: 2 60s: 2 70s: 0 80s: 2 90s: 0 00s: 0 10s: 5 5 20s: 0 30s: 2 40s: 0 50s: 1 60s: 1 70s: 3 80s: 1 90s: 2 00s: 2 10s: 1 20s: 2 50s60s70s80s90s00s10s20s30s40s50s60s70s80s90s00s10s20s
Storms within 50 miles, by decade. Records before about 1900 miss storms that never reached land or ships.

Every storm within 100 miles

Tropical cyclones within 100 miles
Harold20230.0Tropical storm46Tropical storm
Hanna202047.1Category 175Category 1
Harvey201768.5Category 2106Category 4
Bill201593.7Tropical storm55Tropical storm
Hermine20106.1Tropical storm51Tropical storm
Dolly200812.3Tropical storm52Category 2
Claudette200330.6Tropical storm52Category 1
Bret19990.0Tropical storm69Category 4
Frances199845.3Tropical storm46Tropical storm
Allen198011.1Category 183Category 5
Amelia19784.1Tropical storm39Tropical storm
Fern19716.6Tropical storm44Category 1
Celia197014.2Category 2104Category 4
Candy196865.2Tropical storm69Tropical storm
Beulah19670.0Category 175Category 5
Alice195437.8Tropical storm54Category 2
Unnamed194577.4Category 3115Category 3
Unnamed194273.7Category 190Category 3
Unnamed193638.3Tropical storm55Category 1
Unnamed19349.6Tropical storm67Category 1
Unnamed193389.0Category 186Category 5
Unnamed192974.6Tropical storm71Category 1
Unnamed19190.0Category 183Category 4
Unnamed19160.0Category 192Category 4
Unnamed19130.0Tropical storm52Category 1
Unnamed191234.8Tropical storm49Category 2
Unnamed191018.3Tropical storm48Category 2
Unnamed190987.3Tropical storm52Category 2
Unnamed190263.2Tropical storm58Category 1
Unnamed188789.6Tropical storm69Category 2
Unnamed188645.1Category 185Category 2
Unnamed188659.2Category 3119Category 4
Unnamed188038.7Tropical storm72Category 4
Unnamed187557.2Category 2104Category 3
Unnamed186913.4Tropical storm58Category 2
Unnamed186796.4Category 2104Category 2
Unnamed186649.6Tropical storm46Category 2
Unnamed186598.3Tropical storm58Tropical storm
Unnamed185730.7Tropical storm46Category 2
Unnamed185456.9Tropical storm55Category 1
Unnamed185122.7Tropical storm69Category 1
  1. Tropical storms and hurricanes (34 kt or more, still tropical) at closest approach. Post-tropical remnants with gale-force winds are listed but not counted. Direct: track within 50 miles; near: within 100 miles. Distance is measured to the county boundary for counties and to the city centre for cities, using positions interpolated hourly between HURDAT2 fixes.

National Hurricane Center HURDAT2, 1851 to 2025.

Wildfire and smoke

19,539 acres burned in 6 large fires since 1984, equal to 1.7% of the land.

Largest

March 26, 2008

Unnamed Fire, 13,162 acres

13,174 acres inside Duval County.

Most recent

July 19, 2023

Waggner Fire

1,096 acres in total.

Acres burned since 1984, cumulative 2008: 16,0792011: 642022: 2,2992023: 1,097 19,539 acres 198519901995200020052010201520202025
Running total of acres burned inside the county (line) and each year’s acres (bars).

Every large fire

Large wildfires since 1984
Waggner20231,0971,096
Groove20222,2982,294
Smac20116419,439
Unnamed200813,17413,162
Dana20081383,127
285 Fire20082,7652,814
  1. Large fires mapped by the Monitoring Trends in Burn Severity program since 1984: 1,000 acres or more in the West, 500 or more in the East. Prescribed burns are excluded. Acres here are the part of each perimeter inside this place.

Monitoring Trends in Burn Severity (USGS and U.S. Forest Service), 1984 to 2026.

Smoke overhead

Smokiest year

2023: 32 days

Heavy smoke on 2 days in 2011, the most of any year.

Last 10 years

10.0 days a year

Medium or heavy smoke, 2016 to 2025.

2025

2 days

Medium or heavy smoke. 13 so far in 2026.

Days with medium or heavy smoke overhead, by year 2011: 18 2012: 5 2013: 3 2014: 1 2015: 1 2016: 1 2017: 1 2018: 0 2019: 5 2020: 4 2021: 12 2022: 30 2023: 32 32 2024: 13 2025: 2 201120122013201420152016201720182019202020212022202320242025
Days each year on which a satellite-traced plume of medium or heavy smoke covered the county’s population centre, 2011 to 2025.
  1. A smoke day is a date on which a smoke plume traced by NOAA Hazard Mapping System analysts from satellite imagery covered this place's point (the county's population centre or the city centre). Counts here are of medium or heavy smoke. Since 2018 analysts have often drawn light smoke as one area over most of the continent, so light-smoke counts are not comparable from year to year. The plumes show smoke anywhere in the air above, not air quality at the ground, and smoke hidden by cloud is missed.

NOAA Hazard Mapping System smoke analysis, 2011 to 2026, retrieved October 30, 2026.

Floods and flood insurance

17 federal flood insurance claims since 1980, with $299,000 paid.

Federal flood insurance claims by year 2002: 5 5 2002
Claims per year since 1980. Years with fewer than five claims are not shown.

Most claims in one year

2002: 5 claims

$22,000 paid.

Claims by ZIP code

Flood insurance claims by ZIP code
783576$200,000
783845$39,000

Flood events since 1996

  • Flash Flood36
  • Flood3
  • Heavy Rain2

This product uses the Federal Emergency Management Agency's OpenFEMA API, but is not endorsed by FEMA. The Federal Government or FEMA cannot vouch for the data or analyses derived from these data after the data have been retrieved from the Agency's website(s).

OpenFEMA NFIP Redacted Claims v3, refreshed August 4, 2026. NOAA Storm Events through 2026.

Drought

In severe drought or worse for 209 of 1,581 months since 1895 (13%); the longest spell lasted 17 months.

209

Months in severe drought or worse since 1895

55

Months in extreme drought

13%

Share of all months, severe or worse

103

Drought reports to the Weather Service since 1996

Lowest reading

March 2026

−5.53, extreme drought

Longest severe spell

17 months

April 2012 to August 2013.

Latest month

September 2026

−4.83, extreme drought

Months in severe drought or worse, by year 1895: 0 1896: 0 1897: 6 1898: 11 11 1899: 8 1900: 0 1901: 4 1902: 7 1903: 0 1904: 1 1905: 0 1906: 0 1907: 0 1908: 0 1909: 0 1910: 0 1911: 3 1912: 0 1913: 0 1914: 0 1915: 0 1916: 4 1917: 7 1918: 9 1919: 0 1920: 0 1921: 0 1922: 0 1923: 0 1924: 0 1925: 2 1926: 0 1927: 0 1928: 0 1929: 0 1930: 0 1931: 0 1932: 0 1933: 0 1934: 0 1935: 0 1936: 0 1937: 3 1938: 0 1939: 0 1940: 0 1941: 0 1942: 0 1943: 0 1944: 0 1945: 0 1946: 0 1947: 0 1948: 0 1949: 0 1950: 3 1951: 5 1952: 5 1953: 9 1954: 7 1955: 7 1956: 3 1957: 2 1958: 0 1959: 0 1960: 0 1961: 0 1962: 1 1963: 7 1964: 1 1965: 0 1966: 0 1967: 2 1968: 0 1969: 0 1970: 0 1971: 1 1972: 0 1973: 0 1974: 0 1975: 0 1976: 0 1977: 0 1978: 0 1979: 0 1980: 1 1981: 0 1982: 1 1983: 0 1984: 0 1985: 0 1986: 0 1987: 0 1988: 0 1989: 9 1990: 2 1991: 0 1992: 0 1993: 0 1994: 0 1995: 0 1996: 2 1997: 0 1998: 1 1999: 0 2000: 4 2001: 1 2002: 0 2003: 0 2004: 0 2005: 0 2006: 6 2007: 0 2008: 2 2009: 7 2010: 0 2011: 8 2012: 11 2013: 9 2014: 0 2015: 0 2016: 0 2017: 0 2018: 0 2019: 0 2020: 3 2021: 4 2022: 3 2023: 0 2024: 0 2025: 8 18951905191519251935194519551965197519851995200520152025
Months each year with a Palmer index of −3 or lower, 1895 to 2025. Twelve means the whole year.
  1. The Palmer Drought Severity Index is computed by NOAA each month from the county's average temperature and precipitation, relative to the county's own climate. Zero is normal; -3 or lower is severe drought and -4 or lower extreme drought. It describes the long-term balance of moisture, not water supply or crop losses.

NOAA NCEI nClimDiv county Palmer Drought Severity Index, 1895 to September 2026, issued October 6, 2026.

Earthquakes

62 earthquakes of magnitude 2.5 or more within 50 miles since 1983; none reached magnitude 4.

0

Magnitude 2.5+ inside the county since 1973

15

Magnitude 3+ within 50 miles since 1973

0

Magnitude 4+ within 50 miles since 1900

0

Magnitude 5+ within 50 miles since 1900

Largest within 50 miles

April 24, 2010

Magnitude 3.9

10 km WNW of Driscoll, Texas; 34.0 miles away, 3.1 miles deep.

Most recent, magnitude 3 or more

September 10, 2026

Magnitude 3.1

22 km E of Dilley, Texas; 43.7 miles away.

Earthquakes of magnitude 3 or more within 50 miles, by year 1973: 0 1974: 0 1975: 0 1976: 0 1977: 0 1978: 0 1979: 0 1980: 0 1981: 0 1982: 0 1983: 1 1984: 0 1985: 0 1986: 0 1987: 0 1988: 0 1989: 0 1990: 0 1991: 0 1992: 0 1993: 0 1994: 0 1995: 0 1996: 0 1997: 1 1998: 0 1999: 0 2000: 0 2001: 0 2002: 0 2003: 0 2004: 0 2005: 0 2006: 0 2007: 0 2008: 0 2009: 0 2010: 2 2 2011: 0 2012: 1 2013: 0 2014: 0 2015: 0 2016: 0 2017: 0 2018: 0 2019: 1 2020: 0 2021: 1 2022: 1 2023: 0 2024: 0 2025: 1 19731978198319881993199820032008201320182023
Per year, 1973 to 2025.
  1. Earthquakes of magnitude 2.5 or more in the USGS Comprehensive Catalog since 1900. Within 50 miles means the epicentre lies within 50 miles of the county boundary (or inside the county).
  2. Small earthquakes were under-recorded before the modern seismic networks of the 1970s and are still missed in remote areas, so early decades read low. Magnitudes are as the catalogue reports them and mix scales (moment, local and body-wave).

USGS ANSS Comprehensive Earthquake Catalog, 1900 to present, retrieved October 30, 2026.

Severe weather and other events

373 events in the National Weather Service record, 328 of them since 1996.

59

Hail reports, 1 inch or larger

13

Hail, 2 inches or larger

53

Damaging gusts, 58 mph+

7

Winter weather events since 1996

18

Heat events since 1996

6

Cold events since 1996

Largest hail

March 31, 2013

4.25 inches

Strongest measured or estimated gust

October 27, 2005

100 mph

More event types since 1996

Other Storm Events types since 1996
Lightning100Apr 15, 2010
Dust storms and dust devils100May 10, 2006
Dense fog and smoke100Oct 22, 2003

Costliest events since 1996

  1. Mar 31, 2013Hail$5.3 million
    National Weather Service narrative

    NWS storm survey concluded that baseball to softball sized hail fell across Benavides causing damage to nearly every home and business in the town. Damage included broken windows, doors, roofs, and siding. The damage was confined primarily to the north and east side of structures. Vehicles were severely dented with large holes in windshields or completely broken out. One person suffered a head injury. The severe hail damaged 258 residences, 100 abandoned homes, and 700 cars.

  2. Mar 31, 2013Hail$1.0 million
    National Weather Service narrative

    NWS storm survey combined with Freer Fire Chief reports indicated that golf ball to baseball sized hail fell in the northeast portions of the city of Freer. The hail caused dents in vehicles including a new and used car lot. The baseball sized hail broke out windows in north facing buildings. Hail broke windshields out of the fire truck.

  3. Oct 27, 2005Thunderstorm Wind$150,000
    National Weather Service narrative

    An NWS storm survey concluded straight line winds severely damaged roughly 15 homes, a community center and church. Nearly all the damage was observed on the northwest sides of the structres with debris scattered to the southeast. Two mobile home were completely destoyed, with one man injured that was inside one of the mobile homes. The two mobile homes that were completly destroyed were oriented north-northeast to south-southwest, perpendicular to the northwest to southeast straight-line winds observed on radar. The damage from the two mobile homes was thrown to the southeast roughly 20 yards. In addition numerous large trees and power poles were uprooted and broken, all lying to…

  4. May 15, 2008Thunderstorm Wind$100,000
    National Weather Service narrative

    Numerous large tree limbs were snapped and a few trees completely uprooted. Several power poles were blown down. At a high school, stadium lights were damaged and a dugout roof was ripped off at the baseball field. The high school roof auditorium was also damaged. Part of a gymnasium roof was also torn off. A NWS storm survey of the damage in Benavides revealed a divergent, downburst wind pattern about 1 mile wide and 3 miles long on the southwest side of the town, near Highway 359 and 339. Damage was mainly to trees, metal roofs and weaker, west facing structures.

  5. Aug 16, 2022Flash Flood$100,000
    National Weather Service narrative

    Very heavy rainfall fell over Macho Creek in western Duval County with radar estimates showing 8 to 15 inches of rainfall. Flood waters rose on Macho Creek and moved into the community of Realitos. Two homes on south Cadena Street between Highway 359 and Adkins Street had water up to the window sills. Around 20 people were evacuated, with some of them going to a shelter in Benavides. Multiple agencies responded to the rescue effort.

  6. Aug 16, 2022Flood$100,000
    National Weather Service narrative

    Very heavy rainfall fell over Macho Creek in western Duval County with radar estimates showing 8 to 15 inches of rainfall. Flood waters rose on Macho Creek and moved into the community of Realitos. Two homes on south Cadena Street between Highway 359 and Adkins Street had water up to the window sills. Around 20 people were evacuated, with some of them going to a shelter in Benavides. Multiple agencies responded to the rescue effort.

  7. Mar 18, 2016Thunderstorm Wind$50,000
    National Weather Service narrative

    Large healthy tree was uprooted along with other trees blown down. Roof damage occurred to a home.

  8. May 3, 2019Thunderstorm Wind$50,000
    National Weather Service narrative

    Damaging winds were estimated to around 70 MPH in Benavides. Trees were blown down in the city.

  9. May 3, 2019Thunderstorm Wind$50,000
    National Weather Service narrative

    Texas Department of Public Safety reported trees were blown down in Benavides.

  10. Mar 18, 2016Hail$50,000
    National Weather Service narrative

    Quarter sized hail occurred in Benavides.

  1. Storm Events records before 1996 cover only tornadoes, thunderstorm wind and hail. Damage figures are as reported by the National Weather Service at the time, not adjusted for inflation.

NOAA NCEI Storm Events Database, 1950 to 2026, issued October 26, 2026.

Weather records

From Alice International Airport, 22.4 miles from the county’s population centre, with records from 1948.

All-time high
110°FJul 5, 2009
All-time low
15°FFeb 3, 1951
Warmest night
84°F2 times, most recently Jul 31, 2009
Coldest day
25°FJan 30, 1951
Wettest day
13.21 inSep 13, 1951
Hottest year
2009mean 75.6°F
Coldest year
2010mean 71.8°F
Wettest year
201544.03 in
Driest year
202310.80 in
Average monthly high and low temperature and precipitation, last 30 years, Alice International Airport 32°F 69° 46° 1.2 Jan 74° 49° 0.8 Feb 80° 56° 1.5 Mar 86° 63° 1.3 Apr 91° 69° 3.6 May 96° 74° 3.0 Jun 97° 74° 3.0 Jul 99° 74° 2.0 Aug 93° 72° 4.3 Sep 88° 63° 1.8 Oct 79° 55° 1.6 Nov 72° 48° 1.2 Dec Precipitation, inches
Average daily high and low by month, and average monthly precipitation, over the last 30 years.
Days reaching 95°F per year 2001: 84 2002: 76 2003: 89 2004: 72 2005: 114 2006: 106 2007: 20 2008: 88 2009: 137 2010: 59 2011: 142 142 2012: 125 2013: 87 2014: 88 2015: 89 2016: 100 2017: 101 2018: 97 2019: 124 2020: 104 2021: 82 2022: 113 2023: 98 2024: 118 2025: 122 200120112021
Days reaching 95°F each complete year, last 50 years. Thirty-year average: 97.4.

Station Alice International Airport (USW00012932), 170 ft elevation, 22.4 miles from the population centre. Daily records from 1948 to October 26, 2026; 85.1% of days in the last 30 years are complete. Records at a single station can differ from a city’s official threaded record, which may combine several stations.

NOAA NCEI Global Historical Climatology Network Daily.

Federal disaster declarations

21 since 1953. The most recent: Flooding, July 18, 2026.

Federal disaster declarations
Jul 18, 2026FloodFloodingEmergencyEM-3649-TX
Feb 19, 2021Severe Ice StormSevere Winter StormsMajor disasterDR-4586-TX
Feb 14, 2021Severe Ice StormSevere Winter StormEmergencyEM-3554-TX
Jul 26, 2020HurricaneHurricane HannaEmergencyEM-3530-TX
Mar 25, 2020BiologicalCovid-19 PandemicMajor disasterDR-4485-TX
Mar 13, 2020BiologicalCovid-19EmergencyEM-3458-TX
May 29, 2015Severe StormSevere Storms, Tornadoes, Straight-Line Winds and FloodingMajor disasterDR-4223-TX
Jul 1, 2011FireWildfiresMajor disasterDR-1999-TX
Jun 29, 2010HurricaneTropical Storm AlexEmergencyEM-3313-TX
Mar 14, 2008FireWildfiresEmergencyEM-3284-TX
Jan 11, 2006FireExtreme Wildfire ThreatMajor disasterDR-1624-TX
Sep 24, 2005HurricaneHurricane RitaMajor disasterDR-1606-TX
Sep 21, 2005HurricaneHurricane RitaEmergencyEM-3261-TX
Sep 2, 2005HurricaneHurricane Katrina EvacuationEmergencyEM-3216-TX
Jul 4, 2002FloodSevere Storms and FloodingMajor disasterDR-1425-TX
Aug 22, 1999HurricaneHurricane BretMajor disasterDR-1287-TX
Aug 26, 1998Severe StormTropical Storm CharleyMajor disasterDR-1239-TX
Sep 10, 1993DroughtExtreme Fire HazardEmergencyEM-3113-TX
Aug 11, 1980HurricaneHurricane AllenMajor disasterDR-627-TX
Sep 18, 1971FloodHeavy Rains, High Winds & FloodingMajor disasterDR-313-TX
Sep 28, 1967HurricaneHurricane BeulahMajor disasterDR-232-TX

This product uses the Federal Emergency Management Agency's OpenFEMA API, but is not endorsed by FEMA. The Federal Government or FEMA cannot vouch for the data or analyses derived from these data after the data have been retrieved from the Agency's website(s).

OpenFEMA Disaster Declarations Summaries, retrieved October 30, 2026. Statewide declarations are not listed.

How this compares

Where Duval County stands among 254 counties in Texas and 3,143 in the United States.

Ranks
Tornadoes since 195018197 / 2541,686 / 3,143
Tornadoes rated F3/EF3 or stronger0——
Tropical cyclones within 50 mi2633 / 254398 / 3,143
Hurricane-strength passes within 50 mi734 / 254272 / 3,143
Wildfire acres since 198419,53992 / 254666 / 3,143
Flood insurance claims17142 / 2542,130 / 3,143
Flood insurance paid$299,000142 / 2541,973 / 3,143
Disaster declarations21103 / 2541,345 / 3,143
Flood events since 199641148 / 2541,698 / 3,143
Hail and wind events since 1996120205 / 2542,621 / 3,143
Winter storm events since 19967230 / 2542,899 / 3,143
Reported damage since 1996$7.6 million161 / 2542,144 / 3,143
River crests at major flood stage0——
High tide flooding days a year, last 10 years0.0——
Months in severe drought since 189520986 / 254252 / 3,143
Medium or heavy smoke days a year, last 10 years10.0146 / 2542,575 / 3,143
Earthquakes M4+ within 50 mi since 19000——
Earthquakes M2.5+ in the county since 19730——

Neighbouring counties

Neighbouring counties
Brooks County52374,890185
Jim Hogg County41819,57311
Jim Wells County47305,172187
La Salle County91544,47019
Live Oak County3626056
McMullen County61702
Webb County9198,622269

Sources and vintage

Every number on this page comes from these public records.

  • Tornadoes NOAA Storm Prediction Center severe weather database, through 2025.
  • Tropical cyclones NOAA National Hurricane Center HURDAT2 (Atlantic; Northeast and Central Pacific), through 2025.
  • Wildfire USGS/USFS Monitoring Trends in Burn Severity, through 2026.
  • Storm events NOAA NCEI Storm Events Database, through 2026.
  • Flood insurance OpenFEMA NFIP Redacted Claims v3, refreshed August 4, 2026.
  • Declarations OpenFEMA Disaster Declarations Summaries v2, retrieved October 30, 2026.
  • Weather records NOAA NCEI Global Historical Climatology Network Daily, station USW00012932.
  • River crests NOAA National Weather Service, National Water Prediction Service river gauges, retrieved October 30, 2026.
  • Drought NOAA NCEI nClimDiv county Palmer Drought Severity Index, through September 2026.
  • Smoke NOAA NESDIS Hazard Mapping System smoke analysis, retrieved October 30, 2026.
  • Earthquakes USGS ANSS Comprehensive Earthquake Catalog (ComCat), retrieved October 30, 2026.

Joins, thresholds and known limits are set out in the methodology. Found an error? Report it. Page built October 30, 2026.