Kimble County

Population 4,438 (2025) 1,251 sq mi

Large wildfires have burned 14,032 acres of Kimble County since 1984, 104th most of 254 counties in Texas; the largest was the Oasis Fire in 2011.

Hazard fingerprint for Kimble County Tornado: 12th percentile. Tropical: 20th percentile. Wildfire: 45th percentile. Flood: 33th percentile. Hail & wind: 13th percentile. Heat: 0th percentile. Cold: 34th percentile. Winter: 18th percentile. TORTROPFIREFLOODSEVEREHEATCOLDWINTER

Hazard fingerprint Each spoke is this county’s percentile among U.S. counties where that hazard occurs. How it is computed

2026
  • Tornado damage paths since 19507
  • Tropical cyclone tracks within 100 miles since 1851, wider where stronger7
  • Wildfire burn scars since 19843

At a glance

The record for Kimble County in eight numbers. Each links to its section below.

Acres burned since 1984

14,032

104th of 254 in Texas

3 large fires; the largest was Oasis, 2011

Details

Flood insurance claims

18

141st of 254 in Texas

$389,000 paid since 1981

Details

Tropical cyclones within 50 mi

4

112th of 254 in Texas

None at hurricane strength since 1851

Details

Tornadoes since 1950

7

237th of 254 in Texas

Fewer than the typical Texas county, which has had 35

Details

Strongest tornado

F3

May 6, 1969, 41.6 mile path

Strongest tropical cyclone

TS

Tropical storm (unnamed), 1886, 0.2 miles away

Federal disaster declarations

21

Most recent: Severe Storms, Straight-Line Winds, Tornadoes, and Flooding, 2026

Details

Record high

114°F

May 26, 2024

Details

Tornadoes

About one every 11 years since 1950, one of them rated F3/EF3 or stronger.

Strongest

May 6, 1969

F3, 41.6 mile path

200 yards wide.

Most recent

Wednesday, March 13, 2019

EF0, 0.7 mile path

7 years ago.

Tornadoes by decade Doppler radar era² 1950s: 1 1 1960s: 1 1 1970s: 0 1980s: 0 1990s: 1 1 2000s: 0 2010s: 4 4 2020s: 0 1950s1960s1970s1980s1990s2000s2010s2020s
Recorded tornadoes per decade. The 2020s are incomplete.
Tornadoes by month J: 0 F: 0 M: 2 A: 1 M: 3 3 J: 0 J: 0 A: 1 S: 0 O: 0 N: 0 D: 0 JFMAMJJASOND
By month of occurrence, all years.

Every recorded tornado

Tornadoes in Kimble County since 1950
Mar 13, 2019EF00.714000
Mar 13, 2019EF00.23000
May 28, 2016EF24.815000
Apr 20, 2011EF00.15000
May 31, 1997F00.11300
May 6, 1969F341.620000
Aug 31, 1953F00.11000
  1. Injuries and deaths are for the tornado’s whole path, which may extend beyond the county. Deaths recorded within Kimble County: 0.
  2. Weak tornadoes were under-recorded before Doppler radar coverage became national in the early 1990s, so earlier decades read low. Ratings use the Fujita scale before February 2007 and the Enhanced Fujita scale after.

Storm Prediction Center severe weather database, 1950 to 2025.

Hurricanes and tropical storms

4 passed within 50 miles since 1851; none at hurricane strength.

Strongest within 50 miles

August 21, 1886

Unnamed storm, Tropical storm

0.2 miles at closest approach, winds near 63 mph.

Most recent

August 4, 1970

Celia, Tropical storm

91.8 miles at closest approach.

Tropical cyclones within 50 miles by decade 50s: 1 1 60s: 0 70s: 0 80s: 1 90s: 0 00s: 0 10s: 0 20s: 1 30s: 0 40s: 1 50s: 0 60s: 0 70s: 0 80s: 0 90s: 0 00s: 0 10s: 0 20s: 0 50s60s70s80s90s00s10s20s30s40s50s60s70s80s90s00s10s20s
Storms within 50 miles, by decade. Records before about 1900 miss storms that never reached land or ships.

Every storm within 100 miles

Tropical cyclones within 100 miles
Celia197091.8Tropical storm66Category 4
Candy196897.7Tropical storm43Tropical storm
Unnamed19427.6Tropical storm51Category 3
Unnamed192934.6Tropical storm60Category 1
Unnamed191680.5Tropical storm40Category 4
Unnamed18860.2Tropical storm63Category 4
Unnamed18510.0Tropical storm46Category 1
  1. Tropical storms and hurricanes (34 kt or more, still tropical) at closest approach. Post-tropical remnants with gale-force winds are listed but not counted. Direct: track within 50 miles; near: within 100 miles. Distance is measured to the county boundary for counties and to the city centre for cities, using positions interpolated hourly between HURDAT2 fixes.

National Hurricane Center HURDAT2, 1851 to 2025.

Wildfire and smoke

14,032 acres burned in 3 large fires since 1984, equal to 1.8% of the land.

Largest

April 26, 2011

Oasis Fire, 7,913 acres

7,919 acres inside Kimble County.

Most recent

July 10, 2022

Nethery Road Fire

3,392 acres in total.

Acres burned since 1984, cumulative 2011: 10,6402022: 3,393 14,032 acres 198519901995200020052010201520202025
Running total of acres burned inside the county (line) and each year’s acres (bars).

Every large fire

Large wildfires since 1984
Nethery Road20223,3923,392
Oasis20117,9197,913
Unnamed20112,7192,717
  1. Large fires mapped by the Monitoring Trends in Burn Severity program since 1984: 1,000 acres or more in the West, 500 or more in the East. Prescribed burns are excluded. Acres here are the part of each perimeter inside this place.

Monitoring Trends in Burn Severity (USGS and U.S. Forest Service), 1984 to 2026.

Smoke overhead

Smokiest year

2023: 19 days

Heavy smoke on 5 days in 2011, the most of any year.

Last 10 years

7.2 days a year

Medium or heavy smoke, 2016 to 2025.

2025

1 day

Medium or heavy smoke. 7 so far in 2026.

Days with medium or heavy smoke overhead, by year 2011: 16 2012: 7 2013: 4 2014: 0 2015: 2 2016: 0 2017: 4 2018: 0 2019: 3 2020: 9 2021: 17 2022: 13 2023: 19 19 2024: 6 2025: 1 201120122013201420152016201720182019202020212022202320242025
Days each year on which a satellite-traced plume of medium or heavy smoke covered the county’s population centre, 2011 to 2025.
  1. A smoke day is a date on which a smoke plume traced by NOAA Hazard Mapping System analysts from satellite imagery covered this place's point (the county's population centre or the city centre). Counts here are of medium or heavy smoke. Since 2018 analysts have often drawn light smoke as one area over most of the continent, so light-smoke counts are not comparable from year to year. The plumes show smoke anywhere in the air above, not air quality at the ground, and smoke hidden by cloud is missed.

NOAA Hazard Mapping System smoke analysis, 2011 to 2026, retrieved October 30, 2026.

Floods and flood insurance

18 federal flood insurance claims since 1981, with $389,000 paid.

Federal flood insurance claims by year 1981: 9 9 2018: 7 1981
Claims per year since 1981. Years with fewer than five claims are not shown.

Most claims in one year

1981: 9 claims

$58,000 paid.

2nd most

2018: 7 claims

$318,000 paid.

Claims by ZIP code

Flood insurance claims by ZIP code
7684915$367,000

Flood events since 1996

  • Flash Flood42
  • Flood12
  • Heavy Rain1

4 deaths recorded in flood events since 1996.

This product uses the Federal Emergency Management Agency's OpenFEMA API, but is not endorsed by FEMA. The Federal Government or FEMA cannot vouch for the data or analyses derived from these data after the data have been retrieved from the Agency's website(s).

OpenFEMA NFIP Redacted Claims v3, refreshed August 4, 2026. NOAA Storm Events through 2026.

River crests

Most severe crest

November 3, 2000

Llano River near Junction, 35.08 ft

19.08 feet above the 16.0 ft flood stage; major flooding by today’s categories.

Most recent moderate or major crest

July 17, 2026

Llano River near Junction, 30.52 ft

Moderate flooding.

Highest river crests above flood stage
Nov 3, 2000Llano River near Junction35.08+19.08Major
Oct 8, 2018Llano River near Junction31.53+15.53Major
Nov 17, 2004Llano River near Junction31.47+15.47Major
Jul 17, 2026Llano River near Junction30.52+14.52Moderate
Oct 16, 2018Llano River near Junction28.39+12.39Moderate
Aug 23, 1998Llano River near Junction25.18+9.18Moderate
Sep 17, 1990Llano River near Junction24.70+8.70Moderate
Oct 28, 1996Llano River near Junction23.70+7.70Moderate
Jul 13, 2025Llano River near Junction23.56+7.56Moderate
Nov 15, 2001Llano River near Junction22.51+6.51Moderate
Nov 16, 2004North Llano River near Junction25.30+4.30Moderate
Jul 13, 2025North Llano River near Junction25.08+4.08Moderate
Jul 23, 2024Llano River near Junction19.07+3.07Minor
Sep 16, 1991Llano River near Junction18.69+2.69Minor
Sep 22, 2018Llano River near Junction17.25+1.25Minor
May 21, 2015Llano River near Junction17.22+1.22Minor
May 25, 2007North Llano River near Junction13.94−7.06Below flood stage
Aug 21, 2004North Llano River near Junction13.86−7.14Below flood stage

River gauges

River gauges and their highest listed crests
Llano River near Junction16.035.08 ftNov 3, 20003
North Llano River near Junction21.025.30 ftNov 16, 20040
  1. Crests are the highest and the recent crests the National Weather Service lists for each river gauge in the county that has a flood stage, not every flood. Flood categories use each gauge's current flood stages; crests from before levees, dams or channel changes may not be comparable. Crests measured on an old datum are left out of the rankings.

NOAA National Water Prediction Service gauge records, retrieved October 30, 2026.

Drought

In severe drought or worse for 223 of 1,581 months since 1895 (14%); the longest spell lasted 69 months.

223

Months in severe drought or worse since 1895

99

Months in extreme drought

14%

Share of all months, severe or worse

93

Drought reports to the Weather Service since 1996

Lowest reading

September 2011

−6.54, extreme drought

Longest severe spell

69 months

June 1951 to February 1957.

Latest month

September 2026

−1.60, mild drought

Last severe month: March 2026.

Months in severe drought or worse, by year 1895: 0 1896: 0 1897: 0 1898: 1 1899: 0 1900: 0 1901: 0 1902: 4 1903: 0 1904: 0 1905: 0 1906: 0 1907: 0 1908: 0 1909: 0 1910: 7 1911: 2 1912: 3 1913: 0 1914: 0 1915: 0 1916: 0 1917: 10 1918: 8 1919: 0 1920: 0 1921: 0 1922: 1 1923: 0 1924: 0 1925: 4 1926: 0 1927: 0 1928: 0 1929: 0 1930: 2 1931: 0 1932: 0 1933: 3 1934: 5 1935: 3 1936: 0 1937: 0 1938: 0 1939: 0 1940: 0 1941: 0 1942: 0 1943: 0 1944: 0 1945: 0 1946: 0 1947: 0 1948: 0 1949: 0 1950: 0 1951: 7 1952: 12 12 1953: 12 1954: 12 1955: 12 1956: 12 1957: 2 1958: 0 1959: 0 1960: 0 1961: 0 1962: 2 1963: 8 1964: 0 1965: 0 1966: 0 1967: 1 1968: 0 1969: 0 1970: 0 1971: 2 1972: 0 1973: 0 1974: 0 1975: 0 1976: 0 1977: 0 1978: 1 1979: 0 1980: 0 1981: 0 1982: 0 1983: 0 1984: 5 1985: 0 1986: 0 1987: 0 1988: 0 1989: 0 1990: 0 1991: 0 1992: 0 1993: 0 1994: 0 1995: 0 1996: 3 1997: 0 1998: 0 1999: 0 2000: 8 2001: 0 2002: 0 2003: 0 2004: 0 2005: 0 2006: 8 2007: 0 2008: 6 2009: 3 2010: 0 2011: 10 2012: 7 2013: 8 2014: 0 2015: 0 2016: 0 2017: 0 2018: 4 2019: 0 2020: 0 2021: 0 2022: 9 2023: 9 2024: 1 2025: 5 18951905191519251935194519551965197519851995200520152025
Months each year with a Palmer index of −3 or lower, 1895 to 2025. Twelve means the whole year.
  1. The Palmer Drought Severity Index is computed by NOAA each month from the county's average temperature and precipitation, relative to the county's own climate. Zero is normal; -3 or lower is severe drought and -4 or lower extreme drought. It describes the long-term balance of moisture, not water supply or crop losses.

NOAA NCEI nClimDiv county Palmer Drought Severity Index, 1895 to September 2026, issued October 6, 2026.

Earthquakes

No earthquake of magnitude 2.5 or more is recorded within 50 miles of the county in the USGS catalogue, which begins in 1900.

Severe weather and other events

388 events in the National Weather Service record, 360 of them since 1996.

118

Hail reports, 1 inch or larger

24

Hail, 2 inches or larger

37

Damaging gusts, 58 mph+

26

Winter weather events since 1996

0

Heat events since 1996

6

Cold events since 1996

Largest hail

April 20, 2011

4.50 inches

Strongest measured or estimated gust

October 21, 1984

97 mph

More event types since 1996

Other Storm Events types since 1996
Lightning110May 3, 2019

Costliest events since 1996

  1. Oct 17, 2018Flood$10.0 million
    National Weather Service narrative

    Prolonged heavy rainfall continued to flood roads across Kimble County. This flooding damaged 324 miles of roads and several bridges.

  2. Oct 8, 2018Flash Flood$9.0 million
    National Weather Service narrative

    Some rural residents were trapped in their homes by a major flash flood on the S. Llano River and Cedar Creek, in some cases requiring them to be rescued. Others awoke to find water in their homes and were able to evacuate themselves.||The Above and Beyond RV Resort, located adjacent to the South Llano River, was completely flooded, washing RVs and motor vehicles down stream, trapping people who sought refuge in trees in the park, and carrying some down the river. First responders who arrived at the scene before daylight, heard people, who they were unable to see in trees and on top of RVs, calling for help. They threw life preservers to the victims in the water. ||Miraculously, a…

  3. Jun 21, 1997Flash Flood$5.0 million
    National Weather Service narrative

    Four to eight inches of rain fell over much of Kimble County, with ten inches reported at Segovia and 16 inches a few miles north of Segovia. The heavy rains and floodwaters closed Farm-to-Market roads and highways throughout the county. Water was five feet deep at the entrance to South Llano State Park. The county judge estimated millions of dollars of damage on roads and bridges.

  4. Oct 28, 1996Flood, Kimble$3.0 million
    National Weather Service narrative

    Significant river flooding occurred along the Llano River in Kimble and Mason counties on October 28th. This flooding was a result of a stationary front over the hill country combined with deep tropical moisture during the early morning hours of the 28th. Most of the rainfall occurred in the headwaters of the Llano River over northern Edwards County. Heavy rain also occurred over eastern Kimble and southern Mason counties. Rainfall amounts of three to five inches were common over Kimble and Mason counties, with up to nine inches reported in parts of southeast Kimble County. The runoff quickly entered the Llano River and caused river flooding and damage to homes and roads.An…

  5. Jun 21, 1997Flood, Kimble$2.0 million
    National Weather Service narrative

    An upper level low pressure system was stationary over south central Texas and parts of the Hill Country through Saturday the 21st. During the evening on Saturday, this upper low moved slowly northward into the northwest Hill Country near Junction and stayed nearly stationary through Sunday the 22nd. This upper low brought cool temperatures in the mid levels of the atmosphere which combined with warm and very moist air at the surface to create a very unstable environment. Numerous outflow boundaries from weekend storms over south central Texas moved into the northwest Hill Country and provided the focus for thunderstorm development. Weak winds aloft and a continuous flow of…

  6. Feb 11, 2021Winter Storm, Kimble$1.0 million
    National Weather Service narrative

    Junction Volunteer Fire Department reported a mixture of sleet and freezing rain. Ice accumulations was estimated at about a half an inch of accumulation on a flag pole. By the afternoon about 1 to 2 inches of ice accumulated on trees and power lines. Many tree limbs, thousands of trees, miles of power poles and electrical lines, and two communication towers fell because of the heavy icing coating these structures. A traffic fatality occurred about 20 miles west of Junction on Interstate 10 at Mile Marker 438.

  7. Apr 26, 2011Wildfire, Kimble$350,000
    National Weather Service narrative

    The Oasis Pipeline Fire 11 miles south of Junction burned approximately 9445 acres and it was 80 percent contained. There were 11 structures destroyed, including 1 home. Also, 3 vehicles and 1 bulldozer were destroyed, along with numerous power poles and fence line. In addition, 20 head of cattle were lost. Commercial airtankers and four MAFFs tankers helped slow the spread of the fire that came within four miles south of Junction. This fire was started by lightning on April 26.

  8. Mar 10, 1997Flash Flood$100,000
    National Weather Service narrative

    Up to eight inches of rain fell near London overnight and morning of the 10th. Highway 377 was closed to due to water five feet deep on low water crossings. The water receded very slowly during the morning hours.

  9. Mar 13, 2019Tornado$100,000
    National Weather Service narrative

    In Junction, the NWS survey team found evidence of two tornadoes. The first touchdown was located 0.8 miles west southwest of Junction in a residential neighborhood. At this location, they found damage to storage sheds and an awning. The tornado broke a power pole near the base and blew out windows of a nearby residence. The tornado damage was consistent with an EF0 tornado.

  10. Nov 6, 1996Thunderstorm Wind$100,000
    National Weather Service narrative

    Winds blew down power lines.

  1. Storm Events records before 1996 cover only tornadoes, thunderstorm wind and hail. Damage figures are as reported by the National Weather Service at the time, not adjusted for inflation.

NOAA NCEI Storm Events Database, 1950 to 2026, issued October 26, 2026.

Weather records

From Junction Kimble County Airport, 2.9 miles from the county’s population centre, with records from 1948.

All-time high
114°FMay 26, 2024
All-time low
−7°FFeb 2, 1951
Warmest night
87°FJun 6, 2018
Coldest day
20°F2 times, most recently Jan 12, 1963
Wettest day
5.91 inOct 14, 1957
Snowiest day
6.4 inFeb 22, 1966
Hottest year
2024mean 70.3°F
Coldest year
1968mean 63.0°F
Wettest year
195735.88 in
Driest year
195110.24 in
Snowiest season
7.0 in1957-58
Average monthly high and low temperature and precipitation, last 30 years, Junction Kimble County Airport 32°F 62° 33° 0.8 Jan 67° 38° 0.9 Feb 74° 46° 1.7 Mar 82° 54° 1.7 Apr 88° 63° 2.8 May 93° 70° 2.1 Jun 96° 72° 1.9 Jul 97° 71° 1.7 Aug 90° 65° 2.2 Sep 81° 54° 2.4 Oct 71° 43° 1.4 Nov 64° 35° 0.8 Dec Precipitation, inches
Average daily high and low by month, and average monthly precipitation, over the last 30 years.
Days reaching 95°F per year 1998: 77 1999: 51 2000: 75 2001: 68 2002: 38 2003: 50 2004: 23 2005: 58 2006: 77 2007: 8 2008: 66 2009: 75 2010: 66 2011: 131 131 2012: 107 2013: 62 2014: 55 2015: 59 2016: 61 2017: 66 2018: 86 2019: 83 2020: 87 2021: 65 2022: 113 2023: 103 2024: 95 2025: 64 199820082018
Days reaching 95°F each complete year, last 50 years. Thirty-year average: 70.3.
Snowfall by winter 2011: 0.6 in 0.6 2012: 0.0 in 2013: 0.0 in 2014: 0.0 in 2015: 0.0 in 2016: 0.0 in 2018: 0.0 in 2019: 0.0 in 2021: 0.0 in 2023: 0.0 in 2024: 0.0 in 20112024
Total snowfall each winter (July to June), last 50 winters.

Median first snow

January 31

Earliest: November 8, 1955

Median last snow

February 6

Latest: March 3, 1965

18 of 31 winters had no measurable snow.

Station Junction Kimble County Airport (USW00013973), 1,711 ft elevation, 2.9 miles from the population centre. Daily records from 1948 to October 26, 2026; 97.7% of days in the last 30 years are complete. Records at a single station can differ from a city’s official threaded record, which may combine several stations.

NOAA NCEI Global Historical Climatology Network Daily.

Federal disaster declarations

21 since 1953. The most recent: Severe Storms, Straight-Line Winds, Tornadoes, and Flooding, September 1, 2026.

Federal disaster declarations
Sep 1, 2026FloodSevere Storms, Straight-Line Winds, Tornadoes, and FloodingMajor disasterDR-4935-TX
Jul 18, 2026FloodFloodingEmergencyEM-3649-TX
Jul 6, 2025FloodSevere Storms, Straight-Line Winds, and FloodingMajor disasterDR-4879-TX
Apr 21, 2023Winter StormSevere Winter StormMajor disasterDR-4705-TX
Feb 19, 2021Severe Ice StormSevere Winter StormsMajor disasterDR-4586-TX
Feb 14, 2021Severe Ice StormSevere Winter StormEmergencyEM-3554-TX
Mar 25, 2020BiologicalCovid-19 PandemicMajor disasterDR-4485-TX
Mar 13, 2020BiologicalCovid-19EmergencyEM-3458-TX
Feb 25, 2019FloodSevere Storms and FloodingMajor disasterDR-4416-TX
Sep 9, 2011FireWildfiresMajor disasterDR-4029-TX
Jul 1, 2011FireWildfiresMajor disasterDR-1999-TX
Apr 29, 2011FireOasis Pipeline FireFire managementFM-2903-TX
Mar 14, 2008FireWildfiresEmergencyEM-3284-TX
Jan 11, 2006FireExtreme Wildfire ThreatMajor disasterDR-1624-TX
Sep 24, 2005HurricaneHurricane RitaMajor disasterDR-1606-TX
Sep 21, 2005HurricaneHurricane RitaEmergencyEM-3261-TX
Sep 2, 2005HurricaneHurricane Katrina EvacuationEmergencyEM-3216-TX
Sep 1, 1999FireExtreme Fire HazardsEmergencyEM-3142-TX
Aug 26, 1998Severe StormTropical Storm CharleyMajor disasterDR-1239-TX
Jul 7, 1997FloodSevere Storms and FloodingMajor disasterDR-1179-TX
Sep 10, 1993DroughtExtreme Fire HazardEmergencyEM-3113-TX

This product uses the Federal Emergency Management Agency's OpenFEMA API, but is not endorsed by FEMA. The Federal Government or FEMA cannot vouch for the data or analyses derived from these data after the data have been retrieved from the Agency's website(s).

OpenFEMA Disaster Declarations Summaries, retrieved October 30, 2026. Statewide declarations are not listed.

How this compares

Where Kimble County stands among 254 counties in Texas and 3,143 in the United States.

Ranks
Tornadoes since 19507237 / 2542,459 / 3,143
Tornadoes rated F3/EF3 or stronger1128 / 2541,281 / 3,143
Tropical cyclones within 50 mi4112 / 2541,001 / 3,143
Hurricane-strength passes within 50 mi0——
Wildfire acres since 198414,032104 / 254732 / 3,143
Flood insurance claims18141 / 2542,103 / 3,143
Flood insurance paid$389,000137 / 2541,874 / 3,143
Disaster declarations21103 / 2541,345 / 3,143
Flood events since 199655116 / 2541,299 / 3,143
Hail and wind events since 1996166167 / 2542,240 / 3,143
Winter storm events since 199626123 / 2542,501 / 3,143
Reported damage since 1996$31.1 million100 / 2541,134 / 3,143
River crests at major flood stage3100 / 2541,106 / 3,143
High tide flooding days a year, last 10 years0.0——
Months in severe drought since 189522361 / 254185 / 3,143
Medium or heavy smoke days a year, last 10 years7.2232 / 2542,995 / 3,143
Earthquakes M4+ within 50 mi since 19000——
Earthquakes M2.5+ in the county since 19730——

Neighbouring counties

Neighbouring counties
Edwards County4629,8700
Gillespie County1844,49719
Kerr County1147,981373
Mason County11318,0105
Menard County4312,58538
Schleicher County11423,6431
Sutton County5426,99030

Sources and vintage

Every number on this page comes from these public records.

  • Tornadoes NOAA Storm Prediction Center severe weather database, through 2025.
  • Tropical cyclones NOAA National Hurricane Center HURDAT2 (Atlantic; Northeast and Central Pacific), through 2025.
  • Wildfire USGS/USFS Monitoring Trends in Burn Severity, through 2026.
  • Storm events NOAA NCEI Storm Events Database, through 2026.
  • Flood insurance OpenFEMA NFIP Redacted Claims v3, refreshed August 4, 2026.
  • Declarations OpenFEMA Disaster Declarations Summaries v2, retrieved October 30, 2026.
  • Weather records NOAA NCEI Global Historical Climatology Network Daily, station USW00013973.
  • River crests NOAA National Weather Service, National Water Prediction Service river gauges, retrieved October 30, 2026.
  • Drought NOAA NCEI nClimDiv county Palmer Drought Severity Index, through September 2026.
  • Smoke NOAA NESDIS Hazard Mapping System smoke analysis, retrieved October 30, 2026.
  • Earthquakes USGS ANSS Comprehensive Earthquake Catalog (ComCat), retrieved October 30, 2026.

Joins, thresholds and known limits are set out in the methodology. Found an error? Report it. Page built October 30, 2026.